A beamforming method for holographic MIMO antenna array based on steering vector

Abstract

The application discloses a beamforming method of a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, and under the condition that a user end position is unknown, multiple code words are constructed based on the steering vector through the combination of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the user end relative to the antenna array, a code word with the maximum gain of a receiving end is selected from the code words according to the feedback of the user end, and the code word is used as the optimal transmitting or receiving coefficient of the antenna array. The user end only needs to feed back the corresponding information in sequence, the requirement for the feedback time delay is slightly low, the error code of the feedback information has a certain fault tolerance, the time complexity is relatively low compared with the exhaustive search method, the performance is good, the outdoor channel changing rapidly can be well responded, the robustness to the channel fluctuation is higher, and the overall power gain is improved. Moreover, under the condition that the user end position is known, the transmitting or receiving coefficient of the antenna array can be directly determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of communications, and more specifically, relates to a beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector. Background Technology

[0002] Unlike traditional MIMO technology, holographic beamforming antenna arrays cannot effectively sense electromagnetic wave signals in the environment, making it difficult to acquire wireless channel information. When wireless channel information cannot be effectively acquired, the determination of the transmit or receive coefficient matrix of the holographic MIMO antenna array can be achieved using an exhaustive search method, but this method has too high a time complexity. If the transmit or receive coefficients are q-bit quantized and the number of antenna elements is L = M * N, then the time complexity of this method is O(L * 2^N). q If the number of antenna elements is large, the excessively high time complexity cannot adapt to rapidly changing channels. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the existing technology, the present invention provides a beamforming method for holographic MIMO antenna arrays based on steering vectors, thereby solving the technical problems of high time complexity and inability to adapt to rapidly changing channels in existing beamforming methods for holographic MIMO antenna arrays.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector is provided, comprising:

[0005] S1 allows for arbitrary setting of angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words;

[0006] Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0007] S2, each codeword is quantized and used as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal is received;

[0008] S3, the guide vector with the largest received signal strength is taken as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the antenna array is deployed according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

[0009] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector is provided, comprising:

[0010] S1, given the user's location, based on the user's elevation angle θ and azimuth angle relative to the antenna array... Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ;

[0011] in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0012] S2, after quantizing the steering vector, use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and then deploy the antenna array.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector is provided, comprising:

[0014] The first processing module can arbitrarily set angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words;

[0015] Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0016] The second processing module is used to quantize each steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to receive the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal.

[0017] The third processing module is used to take the steering vector with the largest received signal strength as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

[0018] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector is provided, comprising:

[0019] The first processing module is used to, when the user terminal's location is known, determine the elevation angle θ and azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the antenna array. Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ;

[0020] in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0021] The second processing module is used to quantize the steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array.

[0022] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a beamforming system for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector is provided, characterized in that it comprises: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;

[0023] The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions;

[0024] The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in the first aspect.

[0025] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to execute and implement the method described in the first aspect.

[0026] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The method provided by this invention, when the location of the user terminal is unknown, changes the azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the antenna array. The pitch angle θ is used to generate guide vectors in different directions, thereby constructing a series of different angles. The corresponding codewords are used to switch the transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna array to different codewords at regular time intervals. The optimal transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna array can be selected based on the received signal strength reported by the user. The user only needs to provide the corresponding information in sequence to obtain greater signal power. The requirements for feedback delay are relatively low, and there is some tolerance for errors in the feedback information.

[0028] 2. The method provided by this invention has strong universality and is applicable to various antenna arrays. If the transmit or receive coefficients are q-bit quantized and the number of antenna elements is L = M * N, then the time complexity of this method is only O(L). Compared with the exhaustive search method, the time complexity is lower and the signal strength at the user's location can be improved in a shorter time.

[0029] 3. The method provided by this invention can respond well to rapidly changing outdoor channels, has higher robustness to channel fluctuations, and can cope with the time changes of wireless channels by time averaging at the receiver, thereby improving the overall power gain.

[0030] 4. The method provided by this invention can realize functions such as beamforming and software-controlled beam direction adjustment to achieve functions such as directional signal coverage and interference suppression; it is not only applicable to 5G communication systems, but also to future 6G, WLAN and other communication systems. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a holographic beamforming antenna system;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 The coordinate system for the holographic MIMO antenna array;

[0034] Figure 4 The phase radar diagram of the antenna array in its initial state;

[0035] Figure 5 The phase radar image is obtained after processing using the beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on the steering vector provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0037] As mobile users' demand for data continues to grow, mobile networks have also undergone rapid breakthroughs. Compared to fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication technology, fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology uses higher frequency electromagnetic waves to transmit information. As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, their penetration ability weakens, and diffraction and scattering become less pronounced. This leads to difficulties in radio frequency signal coverage. One approach to solving this problem is to utilize dynamically adjustable highly directional beams to increase the received signal strength. Currently, some technologies can achieve real-time control of electromagnetic waves, such as mechanically rotating directional radiating antennas like horn antennas and array antennas, or electrically controlled scanning of active phased array antennas. This involves connecting controllable active devices to each element of the phased array antenna and controlling the output phase of each element to achieve electrically controlled scanning and modulation of electromagnetic waves. However, the former has a slow scanning speed and requires regular mechanical maintenance, while the latter is complex, costly, and difficult to maintain.

[0038] During the long-term evolution of 4G, cellular technology has reached the theoretical limits of time-division multiplexing and frequency-division multiplexing. Many 5G solutions consider using software-driven, highly directional antennas to divide the physical space, allowing mobile phone users in different locations within the cellular network to simultaneously share the same frequency, thus achieving multi-user spatial multiplexing. Spatial multiplexing relies on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, transforming a single point-to-point channel into multiple parallel channels through the transmission and reception of multiple antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends. Multiple base station antennas and terminal antennas form a system, and its spectral efficiency mainly depends on the number of parallel channels, thereby breaking the limitations of Shannon's theorem for point-to-point channels and improving system capacity and spectral efficiency. However, ordinary MIMO requires complex and costly baseband units (BBUs) and a large number of phase shifters, resulting in high cost and high power consumption.

[0039] Communication network capacity is expected to increase a thousandfold in the next decade, making ubiquitous wireless connectivity a reality. However, highly complex networks, high-cost hardware, and increasing energy consumption are key challenges facing future wireless communications.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, Holographic Beam Forming (HBF) is a novel dynamic beamforming technology, encompassing a holographic MIMO antenna array hardware system and an array amplitude and phase parameter distribution search algorithm. The holographic MIMO antenna array and related hardware system utilize software-defined antennas (SDAs), employing a minimal C-Swap (cost, size, weight, and power) architecture. Digital circuitry controls the electromagnetic wave phase of each antenna element, forming an ultra-dense array that directs wireless capacity to any desired location within the cellular unit. This technology is called holographic because the element density of the antenna array can far exceed that of ordinary MIMO antenna arrays, enabling miniaturization, easy deployment, low cost, and low power consumption. Holographic beamforming is a novel wireless communication technology that promises to address the high cost and high energy consumption challenges of the 5G era.

[0041] However, unlike traditional MIMO technology, holographic beamforming antenna arrays cannot effectively sense electromagnetic signals in the environment, making it difficult to acquire wireless channel information. While exhaustive search methods can determine the transmit or receive coefficient matrix of a holographic MIMO antenna array, this method has high time complexity. If the number of antenna elements is large, this excessive time complexity cannot adapt to rapidly changing channels. Using row-by-row or column-by-column scanning algorithms to calculate the beamforming coefficients of a holographic MIMO antenna array requires feedback information to determine the direction of iteration, demanding that the channel has no significant time fluctuations, the feedback link has high robustness, and it is highly sensitive to feedback delay. In practical applications, wireless environments are typically complex, and channels are highly time-varying.

[0042] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0043] S1 allows for arbitrary setting of angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words;

[0044] Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength.

[0045] Specifically, by establishing sets of azimuth and elevation angles for users in different locations, corresponding codebooks are generated.

[0046] Taking a planar holographic beamforming array as an example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the antenna array consists of L = M * N elements, where M represents the number of elements along the z-axis and N represents the number of elements along the y-axis. The elements are arranged on a rectangular grid, where d y d represents the spacing between elements along the y-axis. z This indicates the spacing between elements along the z-axis.

[0047] The received signal is composed of multiple plane waves superimposed from different angles. In the planar array model, without loss of generality, an xyz coordinate system is established with the first array element from the lower left as the origin. The elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the holographic array are θ and θ, respectively.

[0048] The steering vector in the UE direction is:

[0049]

[0050] The path's guide vector is determined by the azimuth angle. Determined by the elevation angle θ, and taking the antenna element at the origin as the reference point, the phase difference of the antenna element in the z-axis direction relative to the origin is:

[0051] Φ z =[0,φ z,1 ,...,φ z,m ,...,φ z,M ]

[0052] The phase difference between the m-th antenna element along the z-axis and the origin is: (d z (The spacing of antenna elements in the z-axis direction)

[0053] φ z,m =mkd z sinθ, where λ is the wavelength

[0054] The phase difference between the antenna element and the origin along the y-axis is:

[0055] Φ=[0,φ y,1 ,...,φ y,n ,...,φ y,N ]

[0056] The phase difference between the nth antenna element in the y-axis direction and the origin is: (d y (The spacing of antenna elements in the y-axis direction)

[0057] in λ is the wavelength

[0058] Furthermore, the phase difference between the antenna element in the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array and the origin can be derived as follows:

[0059]

[0060] From this, we can derive the UE directional steering vector A. UE The i-th element is as follows: (i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, i.e., i = m * N + n, where m and n are both counted starting from 0)

[0061]

[0062] Based on the above formula, by changing the azimuth angle The pitch angle θ is used to generate guide vectors in different directions, and the interval between the angles can be adjusted at will to produce a series of different angles. The corresponding code words are then combined into a codebook.

[0063] For example, for a 2×2 antenna array If the user's location is unknown, and 10 angle combinations are arbitrarily set... Then 10 guide vectors A can be calculated. UE Each guide vector A UE Each includes 4 elements, namely: A UE (1) A UE (2) A UE (3) A UE (4) After quantization, they are used as antenna elements a. 11 a 12 a 21 a 22 The transmit or receive coefficients.

[0064] S2, after quantizing each codeword, uses it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and receives the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal.

[0065] The method provided in this invention is geared towards multi-bit holographic beamforming antenna arrays. "Multi-bit" refers to the ability of each antenna element to add multiple adjustable phases to an electromagnetic wave, also known as phase shifts. For q-bit quantization (q > 1), the difference between adjacent phases is typically... The most commonly used method is two-bit four-phase control. When q = 2, the phase difference between adjacent phases is 90°. A typical phase shift selection scheme is 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, which correspond to two-bit digital signals such as 00, 01, 10, and 11, respectively. Multi-bit technology can achieve beamforming with better performance.

[0066] After quantizing the codewords in each column, they are set sequentially as the transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna array to achieve the beamforming effect.

[0067] Furthermore, in S2, the transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna array are switched at preset intervals, where the preset interval is greater than the system feedback link delay.

[0068] Specifically, according to the codebook index, the transmit or receive coefficient matrix of the holographic beamforming array is set to different codewords at preset intervals, so that the antenna array can scan using beams in different directions and receive the signal reception strength fed back by the user.

[0069] S3, the guide vector with the largest received signal strength is taken as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the antenna array is deployed according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

[0070] Specifically, the data fed back after each scan in S2 is compared to determine the beam direction with the strongest received signal. The corresponding codeword is the codeword that maximizes the signal strength. This codeword is used as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the antenna array is deployed accordingly.

[0071] Furthermore, the antenna array is a UPA array.

[0072] Furthermore, the received signal strength is any one of CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, and RSRQ.

[0073] Furthermore, the transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna element can be changed by applying a voltage signal.

[0074] Furthermore, the user terminal provides feedback after each scan, which is then compared by the antenna end; or the antenna array sends a command to the user terminal, instructing the user terminal that the antenna array will perform continuous scans within the next K time intervals. After the continuous scans are completed, the user terminal compares the results, determines the beam direction with the strongest received signal strength, and feeds it back to the antenna array.

[0075] Typically, the beamforming coefficients of a holographic beamforming antenna array are discrete quantized values. That is, in a holographic beamforming antenna, the phase shift of the array elements is usually quantized, meaning the phase shift is a discrete value. Taking PSK-based phase quantization as an example, a phase set with H elements (H≥2) is defined. The phase quantity can then be expressed as:

[0076]

[0077] One of the solutions is

[0078]

[0079] Where ω0 is the phase shift vector before quantization, i.e.

[0080] Taking q-bit quantization as an example, through The desired phase shift vector is obtained. Then, the quantized phase shift is obtained using the following method:

[0081]

[0082] Where arg(x) represents the phase of the complex number x. Let [ω0] be the phase shift of the i-th antenna element after quantization. i The phase shift is the amount of the i-th antenna element before quantization, and the value of i ranges from [1, M*N].

[0083] The method provided by this invention will be further illustrated below with a specific example.

[0084] In Matlab simulation, assuming an 8x8 array with an initial phase angle of 0, the antenna pattern can be plotted as follows: Figure 4 As shown; after the beamforming method for holographic MIMO antenna arrays based on steering vectors provided by this invention is used to adjust the array phase, its gain at 45° is maximized, and the result is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, by Figure 5 It can be seen that the antenna gain increases significantly at 45°.

[0085] This invention provides a beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, comprising:

[0086] S1, given the user's location, based on the user's elevation angle θ and azimuth angle relative to the antenna array... Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ;

[0087] in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0088] S2, after quantizing the steering vector, use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and then deploy the antenna array.

[0089] Furthermore, in S2, q-bit quantization is used, and the formula for calculating the phase shift of the antenna element after quantization is:

[0090]

[0091] in, Let [ω0] be the phase shift of the i-th antenna element after quantization. i The phase shift is the amount of the i-th antenna element before quantization, and the value of i ranges from [1, M*N].

[0092] Furthermore, the antenna array is a UPA array.

[0093] The method provided in this invention finds the codeword that optimizes the received signal strength when the user's angle information is unknown by searching a codebook. When the user's angle information is known, the codeword that optimizes the received signal strength can be directly determined to achieve beamforming in that direction. Although the codebook is designed based on a far-field model, it is equally applicable to near-field propagation environments in practice.

[0094] This invention provides a beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, comprising:

[0095] The first processing module can arbitrarily set angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words;

[0096] Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0097] The second processing module is used to quantize each steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to receive the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal.

[0098] The third processing module is used to take the steering vector with the largest received signal strength as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

[0099] This invention provides a beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, comprising:

[0100] The first processing module is used to, when the user terminal's location is known, determine the elevation angle θ and azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the antenna array. Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ;

[0101] in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength;

[0102] The second processing module is used to quantize the steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array.

[0103] This invention provides a beamforming system for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, comprising: a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;

[0104] The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions;

[0105] The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0106] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause a processor to execute the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, characterized in that, include: S1 allows for arbitrary setting of angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words; Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength; S2, each codeword is quantized and used as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal is received; S3, the guide vector with the largest received signal strength is taken as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and the antenna array is deployed according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

2. A beamforming method for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, characterized in that, include: S1, given the user's location, based on the user's elevation angle θ and azimuth angle relative to the antenna array... Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ; in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength; S2, after quantizing the steering vector, use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and then deploy the antenna array.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In S2, q-bit quantization is used, and the formula for calculating the phase shift of the antenna element after quantization is: in, Let [ω0] be the phase shift of the i-th antenna element after quantization. i The phase shift is the amount of the i-th antenna element before quantization, and the value of i ranges from [1, M*N].

4. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The antenna array is a UPA array.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The received signal strength is any one of CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, and RSRQ.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the transmit or receive coefficients of the antenna array are switched at preset intervals, where the preset interval is greater than the system feedback link delay.

7. A beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, characterized in that, include: The first processing module can arbitrarily set angle combinations when the user's location is unknown. The guide vector A corresponding to each angle combination UE As code words; Where, θ and These are the elevation and azimuth angles of the user terminal relative to the antenna array, respectively. i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength; The second processing module is used to quantize each steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to receive the received signal strength fed back by the user terminal. The third processing module is used to take the steering vector with the largest received signal strength as the optimal transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array according to the optimal transmit or receive coefficient.

8. A beamforming device for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, characterized in that, include: The first processing module is used to, when the user terminal's location is known, determine the elevation angle θ and azimuth angle of the user terminal relative to the antenna array. Calculate the corresponding guide vector A UE ; in, i corresponds to the m-th row and n-th column of the antenna array, where m ≤ M and n ≤ N, and M and N are the number of rows and columns of the antenna array, respectively. z d represents the row spacing of the antenna array elements. y λ is the column spacing of the antenna array elements, and λ is the wavelength; The second processing module is used to quantize the steering vector and use it as the transmit or receive coefficient of the antenna array, and to deploy the antenna array.

9. A beamforming system for a holographic MIMO antenna array based on a steering vector, characterized in that, include: Computer-readable storage media and processors; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause a processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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