The invention discloses a radio frequency signal random delay device and a radio frequency signal random delay method based on a microwave photon cycling frequency shift, and relates to the field of optical communication techniques, microwave techniques and electronic countermeasure techniques, mainly used for storing a radio frequency signal in an electronic countermeasure radar jamming system. The method is as shown in figures. The device comprises a light source 1, a polarization controller 2, a phase modulator 3, an optical band pass filter 4, a 2*2 optical coupler 5, a radio frequency source 6, a 90-degree radio frequency orthocoupler 7, a double parallel mach-zehnder modulator 8, a standard single mode fiber 9, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 10, a wavelength division multiplexer 11, a photoswitch matrix 12, an adjustable delay module 13 and a photoelectric detector 14. The phase modulator is used for receiving the radio frequency signal. An optical loop is used for being in combination with the double parallel mach-zehnder modulator to perform frequency shift delay on the signal. And delay storage of the radio frequency signal at any time is finally achieved by the wavelength division multiplexer and the switch matrix, in combination with the adjustable delay module.