The invention relates to a separation mechanism of on-board equipment, comprising a mounting base body, a plurality of compressing clamping blocks, a connecting flange, a compressing and releasing mechanism and an unlocking device; the compressing and releasing mechanism comprises a connecting shaft and a connecting spring, the unlocking device comprises a locking dog, a locking dog shaft, a tension spring, a pre-tightening rope and a flame cutter; the locking dog is adopted to lead the direction of the pre-tightening force of the mechanism, directly acted on the compressing clamping block, to be changed, so as to lead the direction of the pre-tightening force to be downwards; the force is transmitted to the compressing clamping block by the connecting shaft, and the structure is simpler and is easier to realize compared with the prior art; in the invention, a compression matching way of the compressing clamping blocks is adopted without high precision of a space vehicle or target load at the connecting position for separation, thereby effectively reducing the machining difficulty of the space vehicle or the target load at the connecting position for separation; a way that multiple groups are matched is adopted, so as to achieve the using requirements of universalization, modularization and serialization.