Quantum device facilitating cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region

Abstract

Devices and / or computer-implemented methods for facilitating cross-resonance operations in a dispersed region of qubit frequency space are provided. According to embodiments, an apparatus can include a first qubit having a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity. The device can further include a second qubit coupled to the first qubit to perform a cross-resonance operation. The second qubit has a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity. A detuning between the first operating frequency and the second operating frequency is greater than the first anharmonicity and the second anharmonicity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a quantum device that facilitates cross-resonance operation, and more particularly to a quantum device that facilitates cross-resonance operation in a dispersive regime. Background Technology

[0002] Fixed-frequency qubits (qubits) that systematically exhibit longer coherence rely primarily on cross-resonant interactions to perform two-qubit gates. To date, the speed, fidelity, and performance of these cross-resonant gates are believed to be superior in the straddling regime, where the energy levels of the two qubits cross each other like two combs.

[0003] The problem with existing quantum technologies for implementing cross-resonant gates is that they operate the cross-resonant gates in a straddle region, which leads to gate errors due to large static ZZ interactions and, in particular, frequency collisions (e.g., often uncontrolled frequency collisions). The narrow spacing between these qubits (e.g., between the operating frequencies of these qubits) performing the cross-resonant gate in the straddle region results in many common frequency collisions and / or frequency congestion.

[0004] Another problem with existing quantum techniques for implementing cross-resonant gates in straddle regions is their lack of scalability, as multi-qubit architectures lead to more gate errors due to larger static ZZ interactions and frequency conflicts with spectator qubits (e.g., adjacent qubits) that further limit the fidelity of cross-resonant gates. A major problem for scaling is the insufficient level of current control in Josephson junction fabrication to mitigate the frequency congestion problem in such existing quantum techniques for implementing cross-resonant gates in straddle regions. Systems with more than a few hundred qubits appear infeasible in current approaches due to the high chance of collisions caused by the narrow spacing of these qubit spectra. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following overview is presented to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention. This overview is not intended to identify key or essential elements, or to depict any scope of a particular embodiment or any scope of the claims. Its sole purpose is to present concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows. In one or more embodiments described herein, systems, devices, computer-implemented methods, and / or computer program products are described that facilitate cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space.

[0006] According to an embodiment, a device may include a first qubit having a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity. The device may further include a second qubit coupled to the first qubit to perform cross-resonance operation. The second qubit has a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity. The detuning between the first and second operating frequencies is greater than the detuning between the first and second anharmonicities. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0007] In some embodiments, the device further includes a plurality of qubits organized in a lattice. The plurality of qubits includes qubits adjacent to the first qubit and the second qubit. Static frequency conflicts in the lattice are mitigated because a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice is greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one or more adjacent qubits in the first or second qubit.

[0008] According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method may include coupling a first qubit having a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity to a second qubit having a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity via a system operatively coupled to a processor. The computer-implemented method may further include performing cross-resonance operation by the system based on this coupling. The detuning between the first and second operating frequencies is greater than the detuning between the first and second anharmonicities. An advantage of such a computer-implemented method is that it can be implemented to mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0009] In some embodiments, the computer-implemented method described above may further include mitigating static frequency conflicts in a lattice of multiple qubits, including qubits adjacent to the first qubit and the second qubit. This mitigation is based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice, the second detuning being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits. An advantage of such a computer-implemented method is that it can be implemented to mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one or more adjacent qubits in the first or second qubit.

[0010] According to another embodiment, a device may include a first qubit. The device may further include a second qubit coupled to the first qubit to perform cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second qubit is coupled to the first qubit to perform the cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space, thereby helping to mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0012] According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method may include coupling a first qubit to a second qubit via a system operatively coupled to a processor. The computer-implemented method may further include performing cross-resonance operation by the system based on the coupling in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space. An advantage of such a computer-implemented method is that it can be implemented to mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0013] In some embodiments, the computer-implemented method described above may further include mitigating at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits based on the coupling and the execution by the system. An advantage of such a computer-implemented method is that it can be implemented to mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and adjacent qubits.

[0014] According to another embodiment, the device may include a first set of qubits having a first operating frequency. The device may further include a second set of qubits having a second operating frequency. The device may further include a first qubit of the first set of qubits connected to a second qubit of the second set of qubits to enable cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one or more adjacent qubits in the first or second set of qubits.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second qubit is coupled to the first qubit to perform the cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space, thereby helping to mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and one or more adjacent qubits. An advantage of such a device is that it can mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and one or more adjacent qubits. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to one or more embodiments described herein, non-limiting devices are shown that can facilitate cross-resonance operation in a dispersive regime of the qubit frequency space.

[0017] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Non-limiting graphs illustrating examples of cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space, based on one or more embodiments described herein.

[0018] Figure 5 , 6 7, 8, and 9 illustrate flowcharts of non-limiting computer-implemented methods that can assist cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space, according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0019] Figure 10 A block diagram is shown illustrating a non-limiting operating environment that can facilitate one or more embodiments described herein. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the embodiments and / or their application or use. Furthermore, it is not intended to be construed as being limited by any express or implied information presented in the preceding background or overview or detailed description sections.

[0021] One or more embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used throughout to refer to like elements. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details in various circumstances.

[0022] For the purpose of performing computational and information processing functions, quantum computing typically utilizes quantum-mechanical phenomena. Quantum computing can be viewed in contrast to classical computing, which typically uses transistors to manipulate binary values. That is, while classical computers operate on bit values ​​of 0 or 1, quantum computers operate on overlapping qubits (quantum bits) that include both 0 and 1, can entangle multiple qubits, and use interference.

[0023] Given the problems described above using existing technology, this disclosure can be implemented to produce solutions to these problems in the form of apparatus and / or computer-implemented methods that facilitate the execution of cross-resonance gate operation, having the same or equivalent speed, performance, fidelity, and / or ZZ coupling achievable in the distributed region and in the straddle region by using the apparatus. The apparatus includes: a first qubit having a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity; and / or a second qubit coupled to the first qubit to perform cross-resonance operation, the second qubit having a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity, wherein the detuning between the first and second operating frequencies is greater than the first and second anharmonicities. An advantage of such apparatus and / or computer-implemented methods is that they can be implemented to mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflict between at least one or more adjacent qubits in the first or second qubit.

[0024] In some embodiments, this disclosure can be implemented as a solution to the above-mentioned problems in the form of a device and / or computer-implemented method that can facilitate the performance of cross-resonant gate operation at the same or equivalent speed, by using a device that couples the same or equivalent performance, fidelity, and / or ZZ in the distributed region and in the straddle region, the device comprising: a plurality of qubits organized in a lattice, the plurality of qubits including qubits adjacent to the first qubit and the second qubit, wherein static frequency conflict in the lattice is mitigated based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits. An advantage of such a device and / or computer-implemented method is that they can be implemented to mitigate at least one of crosstalk or frequency conflict between at least one or more adjacent qubits in the first qubit or the second qubit.

[0025] It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being “coupled” to another component, it can describe one or more different types of coupling, including but not limited to chemical coupling, communication coupling, electrical coupling, electromagnetic coupling, operational coupling, optical coupling, physical coupling, thermal coupling, and / or another type of coupling. It should also be understood that the following terms used herein are defined as follows:

[0026] Cross resonance interactionProvides two microwave-wound qubit gates for superconducting (fixed frequency) qubits, where the control qubit (denoted as Q) is... c ) undergoes a pumping sound, which is related to Q c Dissonance but with the target quantum bit Q t The frequency resonance.

[0027] Entanglement : is generated by rotating the target qubit conditionally with respect to the state of the control qubit.

[0028] The straddle region is the area where the control target is detuned, Δ = ω. c –ω t It is positive and less than the anharmonicity δ of the qubit (i.e., 0 < Δ = ω). c –ω t <-δ). This control target detuning is also known as the control qubit Q. c With the target qubit Q t The frequency detuning between qubits.

[0029] dispersion A region is a region of qubits in which the detuning between two qubits is much greater than the anharmonicity of either of them, and the coupling between them is much smaller than the detuning.

[0030] Frequency conflict : refers to the point in the qubit frequency space that cannot be used for high-fidelity operation of cross-resonant gates.

[0031] As referenced herein, entities may include people, clients, users, computing devices, software applications, agents, machine learning models, artificial intelligence, and / or other entities. It should be understood that such entities may facilitate the design, manufacture, and / or implementation (e.g., simulation, testing, etc.) of one or more embodiments of this disclosure described herein.

[0032] Figure 1 According to one or more embodiments described herein, a non-limiting device 100 is illustrated, which can assist cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. Device 100 may include semiconductor and / or superconducting devices that can be implemented in a quantum device. For example, device 100 may include integrated semiconductor and / or superconducting circuits (e.g., quantum circuits) that can be implemented in a quantum device, such as quantum hardware, a quantum processor, a quantum computer, and / or other quantum devices. Device 100 may include semiconductor and / or superconducting devices, such as fixed-frequency quantum devices that can be implemented in such quantum devices as defined above. In some embodiments, device 100 may include a quantum processing device.

[0033] As in Figure 1 As illustrated in the example embodiments depicted herein, device 100 may include control qubit 102 (in Figure 1 The term "Q0" is represented as "control" and "Q0 low" in Chinese, and the target qubit is 104 (in Chinese). Figure 1 The qubits are represented as "target" and "Q2 high 2" in the middle, and / or spectator qubits 106 (in Figure 1 The control qubit 102 can be coupled to the target qubit 104 and the observer qubit 106. For example, the control qubit 102 can be coupled via a first bus resonator (referred to as "observer" and "Q1 high 1"). Figure 1 (Not shown) capacitively coupled to the target qubit 104, wherein such coupling is in Figure 1 The denoted 'J' is used in this example. In this instance, control qubit 102 can also be controlled via a second bus resonator (…). Figure 1 (Not shown) capacitively coupled to the observer qubit 106, wherein such coupling is in Figure 1 The Chinese character is represented as "J".

[0034] exist Figure 1 The control qubit 102, target qubit 104, and / or observer qubit 106 shown in the exemplary embodiments depicted may each include, for example, a transmission qubit, a fixed-frequency qubit, a fixed-frequency transmission qubit, a superconducting qubit, and / or other qubits. The control qubit 102 may have... Figure 1 The operating frequency (e.g., resonant frequency) is denoted as "ω0". The target qubit 104 can have... Figure 1 The operating frequency (e.g., resonant frequency) is denoted as "ω2". The spectrometer qubit 106 can have... Figure 1 The operating frequency (e.g., resonant frequency) is denoted as “ω1”. In different embodiments, such operating frequencies ω0, ω1 and / or ω2 (e.g., resonant frequencies) of the control qubit 102, the bystander qubit 106 and / or the target qubit 104 may be set separately during the design and / or manufacturing process of the device 100 (e.g., during the design and / or manufacturing process of the Josephson junction in each such qubit).

[0035] As in Figure 1 As illustrated in the example embodiment depicted, the control qubit 102 can have an operating frequency ω0 that is lower than the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 and lower than the operating frequency ω1 of the bystander qubit 106. Figure 1This is represented as "ω < ω1, ω2". In this embodiment, the operating frequencies ω0, ω1, and / or ω2 of the control qubit 102, the observer qubit 106, and / or the target qubit 104 can each include operating frequencies located in a dispersion region of the qubit frequency space (e.g., a dispersion region of the qubit computation space, which includes quantum states |0〉 and / or |1〉 that can store quantum information). For simplicity, this "dispersion space of the qubit frequency space" can be referred to herein as "dispersion space".

[0036] Device 100 and / or control qubit 102 can be coupled to an external device (not shown). For example, device 100 and / or control qubit 102 can be coupled to an external device, which can be external to device 100, such as a pulse generator device and / or a microwave laser device. In an exemplary embodiment, although in Figure 1 Not depicted, but device 100 and / or control qubit 102 can be coupled to a pulse generator device, including but not limited to an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), a vector network analyzer (VNA), and / or other pulse generator devices that can be external to device 100 and can send pulses (e.g., microwave pulses, microwave signals, control signals, etc.) to device 100 and / or control qubit 102 and / or receive pulses (e.g., microwave pulses, microwave signals, control signals, etc.) from device 100 and / or control qubit 102. In another exemplary embodiment, although in Figure 1 Not depicted, but device 100 and / or control qubit 102 may be coupled to a microwave laser device, including but not limited to a microwave maser, and / or another microwave laser device that may be external to device 100 and may emit microwave light to device 100 and / or control qubit 102 and / or receive microwave light from device 100 and / or control qubit 102.

[0037] According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, such external devices (e.g., AWG, VNA, maser, etc.) may also be coupled to a computer including a memory for storing instructions and a processor for executing those instructions. For example, in these embodiments, the external devices (e.g., AWG, VNA, maser, etc.) may also be coupled to the following reference... Figure 10The described computer 1012 may include a system memory 1016 on which instructions (e.g., software, routines, processing threads, etc.) are stored and a processing unit 1014 that executes these instructions. In these embodiments, such a computer may be used to operate and / or control (e.g., by executing the instructions stored in the system memory 1016 by the processing unit 1014) the aforementioned external devices (e.g., AWG, VNA, maser, etc.). For example, in these embodiments, such a computer may be used to enable the aforementioned external devices (e.g., AWG, VNA, maser, etc.) to: a) send pulses (e.g., microwave pulses, microwave signals, control signals, etc.) to device 100 and / or control qubit 102 and / or receive pulses (e.g., microwave pulses, microwave signals, control signals, etc.); and / or b) emit laser light of microwaves to device 100 and / or control qubit 102 and / or receive laser light of microwaves from device 100 and / or control qubit 102.

[0038] In the above embodiments, such pulsed microwave light and / or lasers can be configured to drive power 108 (in Figure 1 (represented as "Ω" in Chinese). Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the drive power 108 is visually represented by arrow 110. In this embodiment, the drive power 108 can be at the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 1 The driving power 108 is applied (e.g., via an AWG, VNA, microwave maser, computer 1012, etc.) to the device 100 and / or the control qubit 102 at a location indicated by “Ω, ω2”. In this embodiment, based on the application of driving power 108 to the device 100 and / or the control qubit 102 as described above, the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 of the device 100 can perform cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space (e.g., in a dispersed region of the qubit computation space) as described below.

[0039] As defined above, the dispersion region of the frequency space of the control qubit and the target qubit is where the detuning between the two qubits is much greater than either of their anharmonicities (e.g., denoted as Δ). ct >>|δ c |,|δ t |) and the coupling between them is much smaller than the detuning (e.g., denoted as J). ct <<Δ ct As mentioned herein, “detuning” and / or “distuning” (denoted as “Δ”) are defined as the operating frequency ω controlling the qubit. c Operating frequency ω of the target qubit t The difference between them (e.g., denoted as Δ)ct =ω c –ω t ).

[0040] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the detuning of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 can be defined as the difference between the operating frequency ω0 of the control qubit 102 and the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 (e.g., denoted as Δ). 02 =ω0–ω2). In this embodiment, the target qubit 104 and the bystander qubit 106 can be detuned far apart from each other (e.g., |ω2–ω1|>>0). In this embodiment, in order to assist cross-resonance gate operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space (e.g., the qubit computation space of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104), an entity as defined herein can design, manufacture and / or implement (e.g., simulate, test, etc.) device 100 such that: a) the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are detuned to a larger value (e.g., much larger than) both the anharmonicity δ0 of the control qubit 102 and the anharmonicity δ2 of the target qubit 104 (e.g., denoted as Δ). 02 >>|δ0|,|δ2|); and b) the coupling J between control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 is less than (e.g., much smaller) the detuning (e.g., denoted as J<<Δ 02 For example, in this embodiment, to facilitate cross-resonant gate operation in such a dispersed region, this entity can be designed, manufactured, and / or implemented such that the condition J << Δ is satisfied. 02 >>|δ0|, |δ2|. In an exemplary embodiment, to achieve the performance of a cross-resonant gate in a dispersed region: detuning Δ 02 = 2 GHz; δ0 = δ2 = -0.3 GHz; and J can be approximately equal to 10 MHz (J≈10 MHz).

[0041] In different embodiments, the detuning Δ of control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 is... 02 Increasing the anharmonicity δ0, δ2 of these two qubits to a level greater than (e.g., much larger) can position the operating frequency ω0 of the control qubit 102 and / or the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 outside the bridging region, and when the coupling J between such qubits is less than (e.g., much smaller) the detuning Δ 02 (For example, expressed as J<<Δ) 02 >>|δ0|, |δ2| (when) control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 are located in the dispersion region of the frequency space. In these embodiments, when the device 100 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented such that the condition J<<Δ is satisfied, the above-defined condition is met.02 When |δ0| and |δ2| are met, control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 can perform cross-resonant gate operation in this dispersed region. In these embodiments, when the device 100 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented such that the condition J << Δ is satisfied, the above-defined condition is met. 02 When |δ0| and |δ2| are in the specified range, the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 can perform cross-resonant gate operations in such a dispersed region with the exact same speed, performance, and / or ZZ coupling as the cross-resonant gate operation performed in the straddle region.

[0042] In some embodiments, in order to assist cross-resonance gate operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space (e.g., the qubit computation space of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104), an entity as defined herein may design, fabricate, and / or implement device 100 such that the ZX cross-resonance rate (also referred to herein as the dynamic entanglement rate) and ZZ interaction rate (also referred to herein as the pseudostatic entanglement rate) corresponding to the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are maintained (e.g., kept constant), while the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are detuned to be far apart from each other. As mentioned herein, “ZX cross-resonance” describes the entanglement (e.g., dynamic entanglement) between the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104, and “ZZ interaction” describes the residual static ZZ interaction (e.g., pseudostatic entanglement) between the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104. In the above embodiments, while demodulating the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 away from each other, the ZX cross resonance rate and ZZ interaction rate corresponding to the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are maintained (e.g., kept constant), thereby eliminating or effectively eliminating frequency conflicts (e.g., eliminating or effectively eliminating conflicts at the immediate level of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104).

[0043] It should be recognized that a major challenge overcome by this disclosure according to one or more embodiments described herein is how to maintain (e.g., keep constant) the ZX cross-resonance rate and ZZ interaction rate at a level that enables the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 to perform cross-resonance gate operation in such a dispersed region. The ZX cross-resonance rate and ZZ interaction rate are primarily controlled by a single parameter of the two-qubit system comprising the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104. This parameter, known as the cross-energy participation ratio (EPR), characterizes the amount of hybridization between the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104. The more hybridization occurs between the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104, the higher the ZX cross-resonance and ZZ interaction rates. The cross-energy participation ratio reflects the degree to which the target junction (e.g., the target Josephson junction) of the target qubit 104 participates in the modified control qubit mode of the control qubit 102, while the respective anharmonicities δ0, δ2 and operating frequencies ω0, ω2 of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are substantially independent of the cross-energy participation ratio.

[0044] The ZZ interaction rate is linearly proportional to the cross-energy participation ratio, but the ZX cross-resonance rate is similar to being proportional to the square root of the cross-energy participation ratio. However, in far-detuned regions, such as in dispersed regions, the cross-energy participation ratio may remain constant for any detuning value as described below and / or according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, in such far-detuned regions (e.g., dispersed regions), the design, manufacture, and / or implementation of device 100 as defined herein ensures that it satisfies the condition J << Δ defined above. 02 The entities of |δ0| and |δ2| can keep the cross-energy participation ratio constant for any detuning value as described below and / or according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045] From the perspective of unprocessed qubits (e.g., unprocessed control qubit 102 and target qubit 104), the cross-energy participation ratio is a function of the coupling between such qubits and the detuning of these qubits (e.g., expressed as J / Δ in equation (1) as defined below). Currently, the dispersed region of the qubit frequency space is considered to be the “slow” gate region, as inferred from the ZX cross-resonance rate expression for the perturbation defined below as equation (1) by keeping J fixed and varying Δ.

[0046] Equation (1):

[0047]

[0048] However, by keeping the cross-energy participation ratio constant while arbitrarily changing the increment, the following defined equation shows that the ratio of the ZX cross-resonance rate to the ZZ interaction rate (denoted as "ZX / ZZ") can be fixed independently of detuning. The equation defined below also shows that the same ZX cross-resonance and ZZ interaction rates, which can be obtained in the cross-region, can also be obtained in the dispersed region.

[0049] The approximate ZX cross resonance velocity in the dispersed region can be defined by the following equation (2).

[0050] Equation (2):

[0051]

[0052] The dimensionless cross energy participation rate p is a single free parameter for setting the ZX cross resonance rate. The proportionality constant can be defined by the following equation (3).

[0053] Equation (3):

[0054]

[0055] in ω represents the decreasing Planck constant and the quantum of electromagnetic interaction. c This represents the adjusted frequency of control qubit 102, ω. t This represents the frequency of the adjusted target qubit 104, and E J This represents the Josephson junction energy controlling qubit 102.

[0056] The ZX cross-resonance rate is essentially independent of detuning, meaning the frequencies of these qubits are uncorrelated. For the same ZX cross-resonance rate, a larger detuning requires a larger driving power. This dimensionless driving parameter can be defined by the following equation (4).

[0057] Equation (4):

[0058]

[0059] The approximate ZZ interaction rate (also known as the ZZ crosstalk rate) in the dispersed region can be defined by the following equation (5).

[0060] Equation (5):

[0061] ZZ = czzp

[0062] The ZZ interaction rate (ZZ crosstalk rate) can be set using the same cross-participation rate p as described above. The proportionality constant can be defined by the following equation (6).

[0063] Equation (6):

[0064]

[0065] In some embodiments, in order to maintain (e.g., keep constant) the ZX cross-resonance rate and ZZ interaction rate at a level that enables the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 to perform cross-resonance gate operation in a dispersed region, an entity as defined herein may be designed, fabricated, and / or implemented in device 100 such that the cross-energy participation ratio p is kept constant while independently detuning (e.g., Δ) the remote control qubit 102 and target qubit 104. 02 << 0) to reduce horizontal conflict (e.g., when detuning control qubit 102 and target qubit 104, such that 0 >> Δ 02 >>|δ0|, |δ2|). In these embodiments, such an entity is capable of simultaneously maintaining a fixed ZX / ZZ ratio (e.g., a fixed entanglement to pseudo-crosstalk ratio), for example, currently performed in the straddle region, where the ZX / ZZ ratio is given by the inverse square root of the cross-energy participation ratio p as defined in equation (7) below. In these embodiments, such an entity can maintain a fixed ZX / ZZ ratio by keeping the square root of the cross-energy participation ratio p fixed.

[0066] Equation (7):

[0067]

[0068] In the above embodiments, in order to enable the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 to achieve the maximum gate speed for cross-resonant gate operation in the dispersed region, an entity capable of designing, manufacturing, and / or implementing the device 100 can adjust the drive power 108 such that the value of the dimensionless drive parameter ξ defined above in equation (4) is at or approximately 1 / 2 (e.g., ξ = 1 / 2 or ξ ≈ 1 / 2). In these embodiments, as described above, the control qubit 102 may include an operating frequency ω0, which is lower than the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 and is significantly detuned (e.g., 002 << 0). In these embodiments, the anharmonicity δ0, δ2 and the operating frequencies ω0, ω2 of the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 can be independently set by such an entity capable of designing, manufacturing, and / or implementing the device 100. In these embodiments, the cross-energy participation ratio p is a purely geometric quantity and can be set by such an entity by adjusting the coupler geometry of the device 100 (e.g., by adjusting the effective capacitance between the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104).

[0069] exist Figure 1In the exemplary embodiments depicted, based on the application of driving power 108 to device 100 and / or control qubit 102 as described above (e.g., via AWG, VNA, maser, computer 1012, etc.), a Stark shift on control qubit 102 caused by a higher frequency cross-resonance tone can move control qubit 102 further away from target qubit 104 and / or bystander qubit 106, or vice versa, thereby reducing dynamic collisions (e.g., frequency collisions). For example, the following description and Figure 3 Region 304 of the graph 300 depicted in the figure shows the Stark shift on the control qubit 102, which can occur in the non-resonant tone range.

[0070] It should be understood that when the device 100 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as described above, the device 100 can assist in suppressing crosstalk and / or frequency conflicts between at least one of the control qubit 102 or the target qubit 104 and adjacent qubits (e.g., adjacent qubits located on the device 100 at positions adjacent to the control qubit 102 and / or the target qubit 104). For example, when the device 100 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as described above such that the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 can perform cross-resonant gate operation in a dispersed region, the device 100 can assist in mitigating crosstalk and / or frequency conflicts between at least one of the control qubit 102 or the target qubit 104 and the bystander qubit 106.

[0071] The fabrication of device 100 may include a multi-step sequence of steps, such as photolithography and / or chemical processing steps, which facilitate the stepwise creation of electronic-based systems, devices, components, and / or circuits in semiconductor and / or superconducting devices (e.g., integrated circuits). For example, device 100 can be fabricated on a substrate (e.g., a silicon (Si) substrate, etc.) by employing techniques including but not limited to: photolithography, microlithography, nanolithography, nanoimprint lithography, photomask technology, patterning technology, photoresist technology (e.g., positive-tone photoresist, negative-tone photoresist, mixed-tone photoresist, etc.), etching technology (e.g., reactive ion etching (RIE), dry etching, wet etching, ion beam etching, plasma etching, laser ablation, etc.), evaporation technology, sputtering technology, plasma ashing technology, heat treatment (e.g., rapid thermal annealing, furnace annealing, thermal oxidation, etc.), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), electrochemical deposition (ECD), chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), back polishing technology and / or other technologies for manufacturing integrated circuits.

[0072] Device 100 can be manufactured using a variety of materials. For example, device 100 can be manufactured using one or more different material classes, including but not limited to: conductive materials, semiconductor materials, superconducting materials, dielectric materials, polymer materials, organic materials, inorganic materials, nonconducting materials, and / or other materials that can be used in conjunction with one or more of the techniques described above for manufacturing integrated circuits.

[0073] Figure 2 An example, non-limiting device 200 is shown according to one or more embodiments described herein, which can assist cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0074] Device 200 may include the above references Figure 1 Examples and non-limiting alternative embodiments of the described device 100. Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiments shown, device 200 may include a plurality of qubits organized in a lattice architecture. Device 200 may include semiconductor and / or superconducting devices that can be implemented in a quantum device. For example, device 200 may include integrated semiconductor and / or superconducting circuits (e.g., quantum circuits) that can be implemented in a quantum device, such as quantum hardware, a quantum processor, a quantum computer, and / or other quantum devices. Device 200 may include semiconductor and / or superconducting devices, such as fixed-frequency quantum devices that can be implemented in such quantum devices as defined above. In some embodiments, device 200 may include a quantum processing device.

[0075] As in Figure 2 As illustrated in the example embodiments depicted, device 200 may include control qubit 102, target qubit 104, and bystander qubit 106 of device 100. Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiment depicted, device 200 may further include: a bystander qubit 202 (in... Figure 2 The terms "bystander" and "Q3 high 3" are used to represent this; the bystander quantum bit 204 (in...) Figure 2 The Chinese character is represented as "bystander" and "Q4 high 4"; qubit 206 (in Figure 2 (represented as "Q5 low"); 208 qubits (in) Figure 2 (represented as "Q6 low"); and / or qubit 210 (in) Figure 2(represented as "Q7 low"). In this exemplary embodiment, the control qubits 102, 206, 208, and / or 210 of device 200 may constitute a first set of qubits having a first operating frequency (e.g., a low frequency relative to the target qubit 104, bystander qubit 106, bystander qubit 202, and / or bystander qubit 204 of device 200). In this exemplary embodiment, the target qubit 104, bystander qubit 106, bystander qubit 202, and / or bystander qubit 204 of device 200 may constitute a second set of qubits having a second operating frequency (e.g., a high frequency relative to the control qubits 102, 206, 208, and / or 210).

[0076] exist Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiment shown, control qubit 102 can be coupled to target qubit 104, bystander qubit 106, bystander qubit 202, and / or bystander qubit 204. For example, control qubit 102 can be coupled via a first bus resonator ( Figure 2 (Not shown) capacitively coupled to the target qubit 104, wherein such coupling is in Figure 2 The denoted 'J' is used in this example. In this instance, control qubit 102 can also be controlled via a second bus resonator (…). Figure 2 (Not shown in the image) capacitively coupled to the bystander qubit 106, wherein this coupling is in Figure 2 The denoted 'J' is used in this example. In this instance, control qubit 102 can be further controlled via a third bus resonator (…). Figure 2 (not shown) coupled to: bystander qubit 202, wherein such coupling is in Figure 2 The symbol is represented as "J"; and / or via the fourth bus resonator ( Figure 2 Bystander qubit 204 (not shown in the image), where such coupling occurs in Figure 2 The Chinese character is represented as "J".

[0077] As in Figure 2 As shown in the exemplary embodiments depicted, the qubit 206 can be transmitted via, for example, one or more bus resonators (in... Figure 2 (Not shown) is coupled to bystander qubit 106 and / or bystander qubit 204. In this exemplary embodiment, qubit 208 can be coupled to, for example, one or more bus resonators ( Figure 2 (Not shown) is coupled to the target qubit 104 and / or the bystander qubit 204. In this exemplary embodiment, the qubit 210 can be coupled to, for example, a bus resonator ( Figure 2 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the bystander qubit 204.

[0078] exist Figure 2 The bystander qubits 202, 204, 206, 208, and / or 210 shown in the exemplary embodiments depicted may each include, for example, a transmission qubit, a fixed-frequency qubit, a fixed-frequency transmission qubit, a superconducting qubit, and / or another qubit. See above. Figure 1 As described, the control qubit 102, target qubit 104, and observer qubit 106 can correspondingly have multiple operating frequencies ω0, ω2, ω1, which can be set during the design and / or fabrication of the device 200 (e.g., during the design and / or fabrication of the Josephson junction in each such qubit). The observer qubit 202 of the device 200 can have... Figure 2 The operating frequency (e.g., resonant frequency) is denoted as "ω3". The bystander qubit 204 of device 200 can have... Figure 2 The operating frequency (e.g., resonant frequency) is denoted as “ω4”. In different embodiments, such operating frequencies ω3 and / or ω4 (e.g., resonant frequencies) of the observer qubits 202 and / or 204 may be correspondingly set during the design and / or fabrication of the device 200 (e.g., during the design and / or fabrication of the Josephson junction in each such qubit).

[0079] As in Figure 2 As shown in the exemplary embodiments depicted, the control qubit 102 can have an operating frequency ω0 that is lower than the operating frequencies ω1, ω2, ω3, and ω4 of the observer qubit 106, the target qubit 104, the observer qubit 202, and the observer qubit 204, respectively. Figure 2 The values ​​are represented as "ω0 < ω1, ω2, ω3, ω4". In this embodiment, the operating frequencies ω0, ω1, ω2, ω3, and / or ω4 of the control qubit 102, observer qubit 106, target qubit 104, observer qubit 202, and / or observer qubit 204 can each include operating frequencies located in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space (e.g., a dispersed region of the qubit computation space). In this embodiment, the target qubit 104, observer qubit 106, observer qubit 202, and / or observer qubit 204 can be detuned far apart from each other (e.g., |ω2–ω1|>>0, |ω4–ω3|>>0, etc.).

[0080] exist Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiment shown, device 200 and / or control qubit 102 may be further coupled to one or more devices that can provide drive power 108 (e.g., as seen above). Figure 1External devices (e.g., AWG, VNA, maser, computer 1012, etc.) described herein. In this exemplary embodiment, the drive power 108 can be at the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104 (e.g., as described in...). Figure 2 The power 108 is applied (e.g., via an AWG, VNA, microwave maser, computer 1012, etc.) to the device 200 and / or control qubit 102 at a location represented by “Ω, ω2”, wherein such application of the driving power 108 is caused by… Figure 2 Arrow 110 visually represents this. In this exemplary embodiment, based on applying drive power 108 to the device 200 and / or control qubit 102 as described above, the control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 of device 200 can perform cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space (e.g., in a dispersed region of the qubit computation space). See, for example, [link to documentation]. Figure 1 The control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 of device 200 can perform cross-resonance gate operation in the dispersed region in the same manner as the control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 of device 100 can perform cross-resonance gate operation in the dispersed region.

[0081] exist Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiments depicted, based on applying drive power 108 to device 200 and / or control qubit 102 as described above (e.g., via AWG, VNA, microwave maser, computer 1012, etc.), the Stark shift on control qubit 102 caused by higher frequency cross-resonance tones can further move control qubit 102 away from target qubit 104, bystander qubit 106, bystander qubit 202, and / or bystander qubit 204, or vice versa, thereby reducing dynamic conflicts (e.g., frequency conflicts). For example, the following description and Figure 3 Region 304 of the graph 300 depicted in the figure shows the Stark shift on the control qubit 102, which can occur in the non-resonant tone range.

[0082] It should be understood that when device 200 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as described above, device 200 can assist in mitigating crosstalk and / or frequency conflicts between at least one of the control qubit 102 or target qubit 104 and one or more adjacent qubits (e.g., one or more adjacent qubits located on device 200 at positions adjacent to control qubit 102 and / or target qubit 104). For example, when device 200 is designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as described above such that control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 can operate as cross-resonant gates in a dispersed region, device 200 can assist in reducing crosstalk and / or frequency conflicts between at least one of the control qubit 102 or target qubit 104 and bystander qubits 106, 202, 204, 206, 208, and / or 210 of device 200.

[0083] The fabrication of device 200 may include a multi-step sequence of steps, such as photolithography and / or chemical processing steps, which facilitate the stepwise creation of electronic-based systems, devices, components, and / or circuits in semiconductor and / or superconducting devices (e.g., integrated circuits). For example, device 200 can be fabricated on a substrate (e.g., a silicon (Si) substrate, etc.) by employing techniques including but not limited to: photolithography, microlithography, nanolithography, nanoimprint lithography, photomask technology, patterning technology, photoresist technology (e.g., positive-tone photoresist, negative-tone photoresist, mixed-tone photoresist, etc.), etching technology (e.g., reactive ion etching (RIE), dry etching, wet etching, ion beam etching, plasma etching, laser ablation, etc.), evaporation technology, sputtering technology, plasma ashing technology, heat treatment (e.g., rapid thermal annealing, furnace annealing, thermal oxidation, etc.), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), electrochemical deposition (ECD), chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), back polishing technology and / or another technology for manufacturing integrated circuits.

[0084] Device 200 can be manufactured using a variety of materials. For example, device 200 can be manufactured using one or more different material categories, including but not limited to: conductive materials, semiconductor materials, superconducting materials, dielectric materials, polymer materials, organic materials, inorganic materials, nonconducting materials, and / or additional materials that can be used in conjunction with one or more of the techniques described above for manufacturing integrated circuits.

[0085] Figure 3Example, non-limiting graph 300 is shown, illustrating one or more embodiments described herein that can facilitate cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0086] Figure 300 may include resulting data from one or more embodiments implementing the subject matter described herein. For example, Figure 300 may include data generated through design, fabrication, and / or implementation (e.g., simulation, quantization, testing, etc.) as referenced above. Figure 1 and 2 The described apparatus 100 and / or apparatus 200 and / or one or more other embodiments according to the subject matter described herein (e.g., according to references below respectively) Figure 5 , 6 The resulting data produced by the computer-implemented methods 500, 600, 700, 800 and / or 900 described in 7, 8 and 9.

[0087] exist Figure 3 In the non-limiting example of Figure 300 depicted, such resulting data can be rendered as a graph 302 on Figure 300, which illustrates the Stark shift on the control qubit 102 that may occur with detuning. For example, graph 302 shows the Stark shift on the control qubit 102 that can occur within the non-resonant tone range. Figure 3 In the non-limiting example depicted in Figure 300, the Y-axis of Figure 300 shows the Stark shift (in gigahertz (GHz)) on the control qubit 102, which can be shown in the X-axis of Figure 300 and... Figure 3 The term is represented as "controlling qubit 102 and Stark pitch difference Δ". 1s It appears in the non-resonant tone range of "(GHz)". (By) Figure 3 The dashed rectangle in the diagram visually represents region 304, which shows the direction of the Stark shift on the control qubit 102 in the non-resonant tone range, where such Stark shift on the control qubit 102 in region 304 can reduce dynamic conflicts (e.g., frequency conflicts).

[0088] Figure 4 Figure 400, a non-limiting illustration, shows examples of cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space, based on one or more embodiments described herein. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0089] Figure 400 may include resulting data from one or more embodiments implementing the subject matter described herein. For example, Figure 400 may include data generated through design, fabrication, and / or implementation (e.g., simulation, quantization, testing, etc.) as referenced above. Figure 1 and 2 The described apparatus 100 and / or apparatus 200 and / or one or more other embodiments disclosed in accordance with the subject matter described herein (e.g., referred to below respectively) Figure 5 , 6 The resulting data produced by computer-implemented methods 500, 600, 700, 800 and / or 900 as described in 7, 8 and 9.

[0090] Figure 400 may include an illustration of the leakage of the qubit computation space, as it relates to the above-mentioned... Figure 1 and 2 The apparatus 100 and / or apparatus 200 are described. As mentioned herein, “leakage” describes the percentage (%) of quantum information stored in the |0> quantum state and / or the |1> quantum state (e.g., the qubit computation space) that leaks out of such quantum state and into one or more other quantum states (e.g., the |2> quantum state, the |3> quantum state, etc.).

[0091] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 400 illustrates this leakage as a function of drive power expressed in megahertz (MHz) on the Y-axis of Figure 400, and the control qubits and target qubits expressed in gigahertz (GHz) on the X-axis of Figure 400. Figure 4 The middle is represented as Δ ct The leakage described above is a function of the detuning of the drive power 108, expressed in MHz on the Y-axis of FIG400, and the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104, expressed in GHz on the X-axis of FIG400. FIG400 further shows such leakage as a percentage (%) represented by the gray shading variation in the Z-axis of FIG400 (e.g., the axis of FIG400 extending into and out of the page).

[0092] Region 402 of Figure 400 shows label 404, which represents the detuning and drive power parameters that can be used to perform cross-resonant gate operation at a fixed ZX cross-resonant rate (for clarity, in...). Figure 4 (Only a single 404 flag is marked in the text). For example, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and 2The above description of the exemplary embodiments depicted herein, as well as the entities defined herein, can be used to design, manufacture, and / or implement devices 100 and / or 200 using one or more demodulation and / or drive power parameters indicated by reference numeral 404 of FIG400, such that the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 can be at a fixed ZX cross-resonance rate (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 4 The 0.25MHz value represents the cross-resonant gate operation. For example, see [reference needed]. Figure 1 and 2 The above description of the exemplary embodiments depicted herein, as well as the entities defined herein, can be used to design, manufacture, and / or implement device 100 and / or device 200 using one or more offset and / or drive power parameters indicated by reference numeral 404 of FIG400, such that control qubit 102 and target qubit 104 can be based on, for example Figure 4 The fixed ZX cross resonant rate of 0.25 MHz, as indicated in the figure, performs cross resonant gate operation in the dispersed region.

[0093] Device 100 and / or device 200 may be associated with different technologies. For example, device 100 and / or device 200 may be associated with quantum computing technology, quantum gate technology, quantum cross-resonant gate operation technology, quantum coupler technology, quantum hardware and / or software technology, quantum circuit technology, superconducting circuit technology, machine learning technology, artificial intelligence technology, cloud computing technology, and / or other technologies.

[0094] Device 100 and / or device 200 can provide technical improvements to systems, devices, components, operating steps, and / or processing steps associated with the different technologies identified above. For example, device 100 and / or device 200 can mitigate crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interaction) and / or frequency conflicts between at least one of the control qubit 102 or target qubit 104 and one or more adjacent qubits, such as bystander qubits 106, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, and / or another qubit of device 100 and / or device 200. In this example, such mitigation of crosstalk and / or frequency conflict between such qubits can thereby facilitate at least one of the following: reduced dynamic bystander error (e.g., associated with bystander qubit 106, bystander qubit 202, bystander qubit 204, etc.); reduced leakage error; and / or reduced quantum gate error associated with control qubit 102 and / or target qubit 104.

[0095] In another example, contrary to the previously held view, devices 100 and / or 200 can perform cross-resonant gate operation in a distributed region at the same or comparable speed (e.g., cross-resonant gate time), performance (e.g., accuracy), fidelity, and / or ZZ coupling (e.g., ZZ interaction rate) achievable in the straddle region. This not only benefits from reduced leakage errors but also significantly eliminates frequency congestion problems, thus paving the way for higher performance and scalable cross-resonant architectures. Devices 100 and / or 200 provide a solution to the extremely challenging frequency congestion problem without major hardware changes and zero new overhead, which is particularly important at the quantum processor scale. Devices 100 and / or 200 further allow for greater tolerance in the design and / or fabrication of such devices, as well as flexibility for different qubit anharmonicities (e.g., smaller target qubit anharmonicities mean easier achievement of large qubit deharmonicity limits).

[0096] Device 100 and / or device 200 can provide technological improvements to processing units that can be associated with device 100 and / or device 200 (e.g., quantum processors including device 100 and / or device 200). For example, as described above, by mitigating crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interactions) and / or frequency conflicts (as described above) between multiple qubits, device 100 and / or device 200 can thereby assist in: reducing quantum gate errors associated with a two-qubit system including a control qubit 102 and / or a target qubit 104 that perform cross-resonant gate operation in a dispersed region; increased quantum gate speed associated with such a two-qubit system; improved fidelity associated with such a two-qubit system; and / or improved performance associated with such a two-qubit system. In this example, by reducing such quantum gate errors, increasing quantum gate speed, improving fidelity, and / or improving the performance of such two-qubit systems that perform cross-resonant gate operations in dispersed regions, device 100 and / or device 200 can assist in improving the accuracy, speed, fidelity, and / or performance of quantum processors including device 100 and / or device 200.

[0097] Based on this mitigation of crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interactions) and / or frequency conflicts between multiple qubits as described above, a practical application of devices 100 and / or 200 is that they can be implemented in a quantum device (e.g., a quantum processor, a quantum computer, etc.) to compute one or more solutions (e.g., multiple heuristics) to multiple problems (e.g., estimation problems, optimization problems, etc.) with a range of complexity in multiple fields (e.g., finance, chemistry, medicine, etc.) more quickly and efficiently with higher fidelity and / or accuracy. For example, based on this mitigation of crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interactions) and / or frequency conflicts between multiple qubits as described above, a practical application of devices 100 and / or 200 is that they can be implemented, for example, in a quantum processor, to compute one or more solutions (e.g., multiple heuristics, etc.) to optimization problems in the fields of chemistry, medicine, and / or finance with improved fidelity and / or accuracy, where such schemes can be used for engineering purposes, such as new compounds, new drugs, and / or new option pricing systems and / or methods.

[0098] It should be understood that device 100 and / or device 200 provide a novel approach driven by relatively new quantum computing techniques. For example, device 100 and / or device 200 provide a novel method to mitigate crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interactions) and / or frequency conflicts between multiple qubits, as illustrated above, which cause quantum gate errors during quantum computing. In this example, using a quantum processor including device 100 and / or device 200, such novel methods for mitigating such crosstalk (e.g., ZZ interactions) and / or frequency conflicts can enable faster and more efficient quantum computing with improved fidelity and / or accuracy.

[0099] Device 100 and / or device 200 can employ hardware and / or software to solve problems that are inherently highly technical, non-abstract, and cannot be performed by humans as a set of mental actions. In some embodiments, one or more of the processes described herein can be executed by one or more dedicated computers (e.g., dedicated processing units, dedicated classical computers, dedicated quantum computers, etc.) to perform tasks defined in relation to the different technologies identified above. Device 100 and / or device 200 can be employed to solve new problems arising from advancements in the aforementioned technologies, quantum computing systems, cloud computing systems, computer architectures, and / or other technologies.

[0100] It should be understood that device 100 and / or device 200 may utilize different combinations of electronic components, mechanical components, and circuits that cannot be replicated in the human mind or performed by a human, because the different operations that can be performed by device 100 and / or device 200 are operations greater than the capabilities of the human mind. For example, the amount of data processed by device 100 and / or device 200 within a specific time period, the speed at which such data is processed, or the type of data may be greater than, faster than, or different from the amount, speed, or type of data that can be processed by the human mind within the same time period.

[0101] According to several embodiments, device 100 and / or device 200 may also be fully operable for performing one or more other functions (e.g., full power-on, full execution, etc.) while simultaneously performing the different operations described herein. It should be understood that such simultaneous multi-operation execution is beyond the capabilities of the human mind. It should also be understood that device 100 and / or device 200 may contain information that cannot be manually obtained by an entity (e.g., a human user). For example, the type, amount, and / or variety of information included in device 100 and / or device 200 may be more complex than information manually obtained by a human user.

[0102] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating an example, non-limiting, computer-implemented method 500 according to one or more embodiments described herein, which can assist cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0103] At 502, the computer-implemented method 500 may include coupling a first qubit (e.g., a control qubit 102 having an operating frequency ω0 and an anharmonicity) to a second qubit (e.g., a target qubit 104 having an operating frequency ω2 and an anharmonicity δ2) having a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity via a system operatively coupled to a processor (e.g., a processing unit 1014, etc.) that is coupled to a device 100 that may be coupled to a computer 1012.

[0104] At 504, the computer-implemented method 500 may include execution by a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that can be coupled to computer 1012), based on coupling (e.g., based on the above reference). Figure 1 The cross-resonant operation (e.g., cross-resonant gate operation) described by the cross energy participation rate p) wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency and the second operating frequency (e.g., detuning Δ) O2The first anharmonicity is greater than the second anharmonicity (e.g., expressed as ΔO2>>|δ0|,|δ2|).

[0105] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an example, non-limiting, computer-implemented method 600 according to one or more embodiments described herein, which can assist cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0106] At 602, the computer-implemented method 600 may include coupling a first qubit (e.g., a control qubit 102 having an operating frequency ω0 and an anharmonicity) to a second qubit (e.g., a target qubit 104 having an operating frequency ω2 and an anharmonicity δ2) having a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity via a system operatively coupled to a processor (e.g., a processing unit 1014, etc.) that is coupled to a device 100 that is coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that is coupled to a computer 1012.

[0107] At 604, the computer-implemented method 600 may include execution by a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that can be coupled to computer 1012), based on coupling (e.g., based on the above reference). Figure 1 The cross-resonant operation (e.g., cross-resonant gate operation) described by the cross energy participation rate p) wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency and the second operating frequency (e.g., detuning ΔO2) is greater than the first anharmonicity and the second anharmonicity (e.g., denoted as Δ). O2 >>|δ0|,|δ2|).

[0108] At 606, the computer-implemented method 600 may include adjusting the coupling (e.g., adjusting the cross-energy participation ratio p) as a function of detuning by a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG that can be coupled to a computer 1012, a VNA, and / or a microwave maser) such that a defined dynamic entanglement rate (e.g., a defined ZX cross-resonance rate) and a defined pseudostatic entanglement rate (e.g., a defined ZZ interaction rate) are maintained based on a fixed ratio of coupling to detuning (e.g., a fixed ratio based on J / Δ).

[0109] At 608, the computer-implemented method 600 may include mitigation by a system (e.g., a system including device 100 and / or device 200 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that may be coupled to computer 1012) of static frequency conflict in a lattice of multiple qubits (e.g., observer qubits 106, 202, 204, 206, 208, and / or 210 of device 200) adjacent to the first and second qubits, wherein the mitigation is based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice (e.g., a detuning between observer qubit 106 and qubit 206), which is greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

[0110] At 610, the computer-implemented method 600 may include mitigation by a system (e.g., a system including device 100 and / or device 200 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that may be coupled to computer 1012) of dynamic conflicts in a lattice of multiple qubits (e.g., observer qubits 106, 202, 204, 206, 208, and / or 210 of device 200) including qubits adjacent to the first qubit and the second qubit, wherein the mitigation is based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice (e.g., a detuning between observer qubit 106 and qubit 206), which is greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

[0111] Figure 7 Flowcharts of a non-limiting, computer-implemented method 700, illustrating examples of cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space, are shown according to one or more embodiments described herein. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0112] At 702, the computer-implemented method 700 may include coupling a first qubit (e.g., control qubit 102) to a second qubit (e.g., target qubit 104) via a system operatively coupled to a processor (e.g., processing unit 1014, etc.) (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or a microwave maser that can be coupled to computer 1012).

[0113] At 704, the computer-implemented method 700 may include performing cross-resonance operations (e.g., cross-resonance gate operations) in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space based on coupling via a system (e.g., a device 100 system including an AWG, VNA, and / or a microwave maser coupled to a computer 1012) (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 1 (As described).

[0114] Figure 8 A flowchart of a non-limiting, computer-implemented method 800, according to one or more embodiments described herein, is shown, which can assist cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0115] At 802, the computer-implemented method 800 may include coupling a first qubit (e.g., control qubit 102) to a second qubit (e.g., target qubit 104) via a system (e.g., a device 100 including an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that may be coupled to a processor (e.g., processing unit 1014, etc.) operatively coupled to a processor (e.g., processing unit 1014, etc.).

[0116] At 804, the computer-implemented method 800 may include performing cross-resonance operations (e.g., cross-resonance gate operations) in a dispersed space of the qubit frequency space based on coupling via a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or a microwave maser that can be coupled to a computer 1012). (e.g., as referenced above) Figure 1 (As described).

[0117] At 806, the computer-implemented method 800 may include a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that can be coupled to the computer 1012) regulating the coupling (e.g., see above). Figure 1 The described cross-energy participation ratio (p) is a function of detuning between the first operating frequency (e.g., operating frequency ω0) of the first qubit and the second operating frequency (e.g., operating frequency ω2) of the second qubit.

[0118] At 808, the computer-implemented method 800 may include adjusting the coupling by a system (e.g., a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that can be coupled to a computer 1012) (e.g., see above). Figure 1The described cross-energy participation rate (p) is a function of detuning between the first operating frequency (e.g., operating frequency ω0) of the first qubit and the second operating frequency (e.g., operating frequency ω2) of the second qubit, such that; this makes it possible to maintain a defined dynamic entanglement rate (e.g., a defined ZX cross-resonance rate) and a defined pseudostatic entanglement rate (e.g., a defined ZZ interaction rate) based on a fixed ratio of coupling to detuning (e.g., a fixed ratio based on J / Δ).

[0119] At 810, the computer-implemented method 800 may include, through a system (e.g., including means 100 including an AWG, VNA, and / or microwave maser that may be coupled to computer 1012), based on coupling and execution, mitigating at least one of the first or second qubits from at least one of the adjacent qubits from at least one of the adjacent qubits.

[0120] Figure 9 A flowchart of a non-limiting computer-implemented method 900, according to one or more embodiments described herein, is shown, which can assist in cross-resonance operation in dispersed regions of the qubit frequency space. For brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0121] At 902, the computer-implemented method 900 may include maintaining (e.g., through a system including a device 100 comprising an AWG, VNA, and / or a microwave maser coupled to a computer 1012) a cross-energy participation ratio corresponding to a two-qubit system in a quantum device. For example, an entity that can be designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as defined herein may maintain a cross-energy participation ratio p corresponding to a two-qubit system including a control qubit 102 and a target qubit 104 of device 100, as described above. Figure 1 As described.

[0122] At 904, the computer-implemented method 900 may include detuning the two qubits of the two-qubit system (e.g., via a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or maser that can be coupled to a computer 1012). See above for example. Figure 1The entity described herein, as defined, can design, manufacture, and / or implement device 100 such that the operating frequency ω0 of the control qubit 102 is lower than the operating frequency ω2 of the target qubit 104. In this example, such an entity can further design, manufacture, and / or implement device 100 such that the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 are detuned away from each other (e.g., |ω0–ω2|>>0) and / or the target qubit 104 and the bystander qubit 106 are detuned away from each other (e.g., |ω2–ω1|>>0).

[0123] At 906, the computer-implemented method 900 may include determining (e.g., via a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or maser that can be coupled to a computer 1012) whether the detuning is greater than the anharmonicity of each of the two qubits and greater than the coupling between the two qubits. For example, as referenced above. Figure 1 The entity defined herein can be designed, manufactured, and / or implemented as device 100, such that the above definition J<<Δ is satisfied. 02 >>The conditions for |δ0| and |δ2|.

[0124] If at 906 the detuning is determined to be greater than the anharmonicity of each of the two qubits and greater than the coupling between the two qubits, at 908, the computer-implemented method 900 may include adjusting (e.g., via a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or maser that can be coupled to computer 1012) the driving power applied to the two-qubit system (e.g., applied to control qubit 102) (e.g., driving power 108) to maximize the speed of gate operation. For example, see above. Figure 1 As described, in order to enable the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 to achieve the maximum gate speed for cross-resonant gate operation in the dispersed region, such an entity that can be designed, manufactured and / or implemented device 100 can adjust the drive power 108 such that the value of the dimensionless drive parameter ξ defined above in equation (4) is at or about 1 / 2 (e.g., ξ = 1 / 2 or ξ ≈ 1 / 2).

[0125] At 910, the computer-implemented method 900 may include performing (e.g., via a system including a device 100 coupled to an AWG, VNA, and / or maser that may be coupled to a computer 1012) a cross-resonant gate operation between two qubits in a dispersed region. For example, as referenced above. Figure 1 The entity described herein (that entity designs, manufactures, and / or implements device 100 such that the condition J<<Δ is satisfied as defined above) is also described herein. 02>>|δ0|、|δ2|) This enables the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 of the device 100 to perform cross-resonance gate operation in the dispersed region.

[0126] If at 906 it is determined that the detuning is no greater than the anharmonicity of each of the two qubits and greater than the coupling between the two qubits, the computer-implemented method 900 may include returning to 902 and 904 to maintain the cross-energy participation ratio p corresponding to the two-qubit system and detuning the qubits such that the condition J << Δ is satisfied as defined above. 02 >>|δ0|,|δ2|。In some embodiments, the computer-implemented method 900 may include repeating operations 902, 904, and 906 until the condition J<<Δ is satisfied as defined above. 02 >>|δ0|、|δ2|, which enables the control qubit 102 and the target qubit 104 to perform cross-resonant gate operation in the dispersed region.

[0127] In order to provide context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject, Figure 10 The following discussion is intended to provide a general description of the suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be realized. Figure 10 A block diagram of an example non-limiting operating environment that can facilitate one or more embodiments described herein is shown. For example, operating environment 1000 can be used to implement the above-described embodiments, as described below. Figure 1 and 2 The described example, a non-limiting multi-step manufacturing sequence, can be implemented for manufacturing apparatus 100 and / or apparatus 200 according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. In another example, as described below, operating environment 1000 can be used to implement the above-described embodiments. Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 One or more examples, non-limiting computer implementations of methods 500, 600, 700, 800, and / or 900 are described herein. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in other embodiments described herein are omitted.

[0128] It can be done through a computing system (e.g., Figure 10 The operating environment 1000 shown and described below and / or computing device (e.g., Figure 10 The computer 1012 shown in the document and described below implements the above. Figure 1 and 2The described examples are non-limiting multi-step manufacturing sequences that can be implemented to manufacture apparatus 100 and / or apparatus 200. In non-limiting exemplary embodiments, such a computing system (e.g., operating environment 1000) and / or such a computing device (e.g., computer 1012) may include one or more processors and one or more memory devices on which executable instructions may be stored, which, when executed by the one or more processors, facilitate the above description. Figure 1 and 2 The described example is the execution of a non-limiting multi-step manufacturing sequence. As a non-limiting example, the one or more processors can facilitate the above-mentioned processes by bootsting and / or controlling one or more systems and / or devices. Figure 1 and 2 The described examples, non-limiting multi-step manufacturing sequences, and the systems and / or devices that can be operated to perform the fabrication of semiconductor and / or superconductor devices.

[0129] In another example, the above refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The one or more examples, non-limiting computer-implemented methods 500, 600, 700, 800 and / or 900 described may also be implemented (e.g., executed) by the operating environment 1000. As a non-limiting example, one or more processors of such a computing device (e.g., computer 1012) may facilitate one or more examples of the non-limiting methods described above, respectively. Figure 5 , 6 The execution of computer-implemented methods 500, 600, 700, 800 and / or 900 described in 7, 8 and 9 can be used to perform the operation and / or routines of such computer-implemented methods by guiding and / or controlling one or more systems and / or devices (e.g., one or more types of external devices as defined herein, such as AWG, VNA, maser, etc.).

[0130] For simplicity of explanation, the computer-implemented method is depicted and described as a series of actions. It should be understood and recognized that the subject matter innovation is not limited to the actions shown and / or the order of the actions; for example, actions may occur in different orders and / or simultaneously, and may occur with other actions not presented and described herein. Furthermore, not all actions shown are necessary to implement the computer-implemented method according to the disclosed subject matter. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the computer-implemented method may alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states via state diagrams or events. Furthermore, it should be understood that the computer-implemented method disclosed below and throughout this specification can be stored on an article of art to facilitate the transfer and assignment of such a computer-implemented method to a computer. As used herein, the term article of art is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or storage medium.

[0131] refer to Figure 10 The suitable operating environment 1000 for implementing various aspects of this disclosure may also include a computer 1012. The computer 1012 may further include a processing unit 1014, system memory 1016, and a system bus 1018. The system bus 1018 couples system components, including but not limited to system memory 1016, to the processing unit 1014. The processing unit 1014 may be any of the various available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures may also be used as the processing unit 1014. The system bus 1018 may be any of several types of bus architectures, including memory buses or memory controllers, peripheral buses or external buses, and / or local buses using any of the various available bus architectures, including but not limited to Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), FireWire (IEEE 1394), and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

[0132] System memory 1016 may also include volatile memory 1020 and non-volatile memory 1022. The Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) is stored in the non-volatile memory 1022, and the BIOS contains basic routines for transferring information between components within the computer 1012, such as during startup. The computer 1012 may also include removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media. Figure 10Disk storage device 1024 is illustrated, for example. Disk storage device 1024 may also include, but is not limited to, devices such as disk drives, floppy disk drives, tape drives, Jaz drives, Zip drives, LS-100 drives, flash memory cards, or memory sticks. Disk storage device 1024 may also include storage media, either alone or in combination with other storage media. To facilitate connection of disk storage device 1024 to system bus 1018, a removable or non-removable interface, such as interface 1026, is typically used. Figure 10 Software that acts as an intermediary between the user and the basic computer resources described in the suitable operating environment 1000 is also described. Such software may also include, for example, an operating system 1028. The operating system 1028, which may be stored on a disk storage device 1024, is used to control and allocate the resources of the computer 1012.

[0133] System application 1030 utilizes resource management by operating system 1028 through program modules 1032 and program data 1034 stored, for example, on system memory 1016 or disk storage device 1024. It should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented using different operating systems or combinations of operating systems. Users input commands or information into computer 1012 via input device 1036. Input device 1036 includes, but is not limited to, pointing devices such as mice, trackballs, pens, touchpads, keyboards, microphones, joysticks, gamepads, disc satellite dishes, scanners, TV tuner cards, digital cameras, digital camcorders, and webcams. These and other input devices are connected to processing unit 1014 via system bus 1018 through one or more interface ports 1038. Interface ports 1038 include, for example, serial ports, parallel ports, game ports, and Universal Serial Bus (USB). Output device 1040 uses some of the same type of ports as input device 1036. Thus, for example, a USB port can be used to provide input to computer 1012 and to output information from computer 1012 to output device 1040. Output adapter 1042 is provided to illustrate that, in addition to other output devices 1040 that require special adapters, there are other output devices 1040, such as monitors, speakers, and printers. By way of illustration and not limitation, output adapter 1042 includes video and sound cards that provide a connection between output device 1040 and system bus 1018. It should be noted that other devices and / or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities, such as remote computer 1044.

[0134] Computer 1012 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection to one or more remote computers (such as remote computers 1044). Remote computer 1044 can be a computer, server, router, network PC, workstation, microprocessor-based appliance, peer-to-peer device, or other public network node, and typically may also include many or all of the elements described relative to computer 1012. For simplicity, remote computer 1044 is described only as a memory storage device 1046. Remote computer 1044 is logically connected to computer 1012 via network interface 1048 and then physically connected via communication connection 1050. Network interface 1048 includes wired and / or wireless communication networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), cellular networks, etc. LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Wire Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring, etc. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit-switched networks (such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)) and their variants, packet-switched networks, and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Communication connection 1050 refers to the hardware / software used to connect network interface 1048 to system bus 1018. Although communication connection 1050 is shown inside computer 1012 for clarity, it may also be outside computer 1012. For illustrative purposes only, the hardware / software used to connect to network interface 1048 may also include internal and external technologies such as modems, including conventional telephone-grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters and Ethernet cards.

[0135] This invention can be a system, method, apparatus, and / or computer program product at any possible level of technical detail integration. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium (or media) having computer-readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to execute aspects of the invention. The computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible means capable of retaining and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, electronic storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media may also include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital universal disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices such as punch cards or protrusions in slots having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination thereof. As used herein, computer-readable storage media should not be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0136] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a corresponding computing / processing device via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network), or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to a computer-readable storage medium within the corresponding computing / processing device. The computer-readable program instructions used to perform the operations of this invention may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, integrated circuit configuration data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​(such as Smalltalk, C++, etc.) and procedural programming languages ​​(such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages). Computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on a user's computer, partially on a user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on a user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network (including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)) or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may be personalized to execute computer-readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer-readable program instructions in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

[0137] The present invention will now be described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner, such that the computer-readable storage medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture containing instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operations to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce computer-implemented processing, such that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0138] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than indicated in the figures. For example, depending on the functions involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or these blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action or executes a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0139] While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions running on a computer and / or a computer program product on a computer, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure may also be implemented in combination with other program modules. Typically, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks and / or implement specific abstract data types. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that the computer implementation methods of the present invention can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, small computing devices, mainframe computers, and computers, handheld computing devices (e.g., PDAs, telephones), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronic products, etc. The aspects shown can also be implemented in a distributed computing environment, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked via a communication network. However, some (if not all) aspects of the invention can be practiced on a standalone computer. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may reside in both local and remote memory storage devices. For example, in one or more embodiments, the computer-executable component may be executable from memory that may include or consist of one or more distributed memory cells. As used herein, the terms “memory” and “memory cell” are interchangeable. Furthermore, one or more embodiments described herein are capable of executing code from computer executable components in a distributed manner, for example, multiple processors working together or cooperating to execute code from one or more distributed memory units. As used herein, the term "memory" may include a single memory or memory unit at one location or multiple memories or memory units at one or more locations.

[0140] As used herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “platform,” “interface,” etc., may refer to and / or include computer-related entities or entities associated with an operating machine having one or more specific functions. Entities disclosed herein may be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. As an illustration, both an application running on a server and the server itself can be components. One or more components may reside within a process and / or a thread of execution, and components may reside on one computer and / or be distributed across two or more computers. In another instance, a corresponding component may execute from a different computer-readable medium having different data structures stored thereon. Components may communicate via local and / or remote processes, such as according to a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from a component interacting with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or data from a component interacting with other systems across a network such as the Internet via that signal). As another example, a component may be a device having specific functions provided by mechanical parts operated by electrical or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor. In such a case, the processor can be internal or external to the device and can execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As another example, the component can be a device that provides a specific function through electronic components without mechanical parts, wherein the electronic components can include a processor or other means for performing software or firmware that at least partially endows the electronic components with the functions. In one aspect, the component can be emulated via a virtual machine, for example, within a cloud computing system.

[0141] Furthermore, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or." That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context, "X adopts A or B" is intended to mean any natural inclusive permutation. That is, if X adopts A; X adopts B; or X adopts both A and B, then "X adopts A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing cases. Additionally, the articles "a" and "an" as used in the subject matter specification and figures should generally be interpreted as meaning "one or more," unless otherwise specified or clearly indicated from the context to the singular form. As used herein, the terms "example" and / or "exemplary" are used to indicate that something is used as an instance, example, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited to such examples. Furthermore, any aspect or design described herein as an "example" and / or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects or designs, nor does it imply the exclusion of equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0142] As used herein, the term "processor" can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device, including but not limited to a single-core processor; a single processor with software multithreading capabilities; a multi-core processor; a multi-core processor with software multithreading capabilities; a multi-core processor with hardware multithreading technology; a parallel platform; and a parallel platform with distributed shared memory. Additionally, "processor" can refer to an integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), programmable logic controller (PLC), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. Furthermore, processors can utilize nanoscale architectures, such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum dot-based transistors, switches, and gates, to optimize space utilization or enhance the performance of user equipment. Processors can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. In this disclosure, terms such as “storage,” “memory,” “data storage,” “data memory,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component, used in connection with the operation and function of a component, are used to refer to a “memory component,” an entity embodied in “memory,” or a component that includes memory. It should be understood that the memory and / or memory components described herein can be volatile or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. By way of example and not limitation, non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, or non-volatile random access memory (RAM) (e.g., ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)). Volatile memory may include, for example, RAM that can act as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be available in many forms, such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink, etc. DRAM (SLDRAM), Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM), Direct Rambus Dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM). Additionally, the memory components of the systems or computer-implemented methods disclosed herein inherently include (but are not limited to) these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0143] The above description includes only examples of systems and computer-implemented methods. Of course, for the purposes of describing this disclosure, it is impossible to describe every conceivable combination of components or computer-implemented method; however, those skilled in the art will recognize that many further combinations and substitutions of this disclosure are possible. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “having,” “possessing,” etc., used in the detailed description, claims, appendices, and drawings are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “including,” as is the case when “comprising” is used as a transitional word in a claim.

[0144] Various embodiments have been described for illustrative purposes, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein has been chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical application, or technical improvements to technologies found in the market, or to enable those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A quantum processing device, comprising: The first qubit has a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity; as well as A second qubit is coupled to the first qubit to perform a cross-resonance operation. The second qubit has a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity, wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency and the second operating frequency is greater than the first anharmonicity and the second anharmonicity, and the coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is less than the detuning. Specifically, the coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is adjusted to address the detuning, such that the ratio of the defined dynamic entanglement rate to the defined pseudo-static entanglement rate is maintained based on a fixed ratio of the coupling strength to the detuning.

2. The quantum processing device according to claim 1, wherein, The defined dynamic entanglement rate is generated by ZX interaction or ZY interaction, and the defined pseudostatic entanglement rate is generated by ZZ interaction.

3. The quantum processing device according to any one of claims 1-2, further comprising: A plurality of qubits organized in a lattice, the plurality of qubits including adjacent qubits of a first qubit and a second qubit, wherein static frequency conflict in the lattice is mitigated based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

4. The quantum processing device according to any one of claims 1-2, further comprising: A plurality of qubits organized in a lattice, the plurality of qubits including qubits adjacent to a first qubit and a second qubit, wherein crosstalk caused by dynamic collisions in the lattice is mitigated based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

5. A computer implementation method, comprising: A system operatively coupled to a processor couples a first qubit having a first operating frequency and a first anharmonicity to a second qubit having a second operating frequency and a second anharmonicity. The system performs cross-resonance operation based on coupling strength, wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency and the second operating frequency is greater than the first anharmonicity and the second anharmonicity, and the coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is less than the detuning; as well as The system adjusts the coupling strength such that, based on a fixed ratio of the coupling strength to the detuning, the ratio of the defined dynamic entanglement rate to the defined pseudo-static entanglement rate is maintained.

6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein, The defined dynamic entanglement rate is generated through ZX interaction or ZY interaction, and the defined pseudostatic entanglement rate is generated through ZZ interaction.

7. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 5-6, further comprising: The system mitigates static frequency conflicts in a lattice of multiple qubits, the multiple qubits including adjacent qubits of the first qubit and the second qubit, wherein the mitigation is based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice, the second detuning being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

8. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 5-6, further comprising: The system mitigates crosstalk caused by dynamic collisions in a lattice of multiple qubits, including adjacent qubits of the first and second qubits, wherein the mitigation is based on a second detuning between two coupled qubits in the lattice, the second detuning being greater than the anharmonicity of the two coupled qubits.

9. A quantum processing device, comprising: First quantum bit; as well as A second qubit is coupled to the first qubit to perform cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space, wherein the detuning between a first operating frequency of the first qubit and a second operating frequency of the second qubit is greater than the first anharmonicity of the first qubit and the second anharmonicity of the second qubit, and the coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is less than the detuning. Specifically, the coupling strength is adjusted so that, based on a fixed ratio of the coupling strength to the detuning, the ratio of the defined dynamic entanglement rate to the defined pseudo-static entanglement rate is maintained.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, The coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is adjusted as a function of detuning between the first operating frequency of the first qubit and the second operating frequency of the second qubit.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, The defined dynamic entanglement rate is generated through ZX interaction or ZY interaction, and the defined pseudostatic entanglement rate is generated through ZZ interaction.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9-11, wherein, The second qubit is coupled to the first qubit to perform the cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space to mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflict between the first qubit or at least the second qubit and an adjacent qubit.

13. A computer-implemented method, comprising: The first qubit is coupled to the second qubit through a system that is operatively coupled to the processor; The system performs cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space based on the coupling strength, wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency of the first qubit and the second operating frequency of the second qubit is greater than the first anharmonicity of the first qubit and the second anharmonicity of the second qubit, and the coupling strength between the first qubit and the second qubit is less than the detuning. as well as The system adjusts the coupling strength such that, based on a fixed ratio of the coupling strength to the detuning, the ratio of the defined dynamic entanglement rate to the defined pseudo-static entanglement rate is maintained.

14. The computer-implemented method according to claim 13, further comprising: The system adjusts the coupling strength as a function of detuning between the first operating frequency of the first qubit and the second operating frequency of the second qubit.

15. The computer-implemented method according to claim 13, wherein, The defined dynamic entanglement rate is generated through ZX interaction or ZY interaction, and the defined pseudostatic entanglement rate is generated through ZZ interaction.

16. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 13-15, further comprising: The system mitigates at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between at least one of the first or second qubits and an adjacent qubit, based on the coupling strength and the execution.

17. A quantum processing device, comprising: The first set of qubits with a first operating frequency; A second set of qubits with a second operating frequency; as well as The first qubit of the first group of qubits is coupled to the second qubit of the second group of qubits to perform cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space, wherein the detuning between the first operating frequency of the first group of qubits and the second operating frequency of the second group of qubits is greater than the first anharmonicity of the first group of qubits and the second anharmonicity of the second group of qubits, and the coupling strength between the first group of qubits and the second group of qubits is less than the detuning. Specifically, the coupling strength is adjusted so that, based on a fixed ratio of the coupling strength to the detuning, the ratio of the defined dynamic entanglement rate to the defined pseudo-static entanglement rate is maintained.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The coupling between the first group of qubits and the second group of qubits is modulated as a function of the detuning between the first operating frequency of the first group of qubits and the second operating frequency of the second group of qubits.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The defined dynamic entanglement rate is generated through ZX interaction or ZY interaction, and the defined pseudostatic entanglement rate is generated through ZZ interaction.

20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 17-19, wherein, The second set of qubits is coupled to the first set of qubits to perform the cross-resonance operation in a dispersed region of the qubit frequency space, which helps to mitigate at least one of the crosstalk or frequency conflicts between the first set of qubits or at least one of the second set of qubits and one or more adjacent qubits.

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