Techniques for separating beam designs

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) can be configured to select a beam set to generate energy in a first coverage area (e.g., an out-of-coverage (OOC) area) to reduce the effects of distorted electric fields. The UE can select the beam set based on a gain parameter associated with an antenna set at the UE, wherein the gain parameter is determined for communication in a second coverage area (e.g., an in-coverage (INC) area). In some examples, the UE can use iterative techniques to select the beam. In some examples, the UE can select the beam set based on calculations using a codebook beam set associated with the second coverage area. In some examples, the UE can additionally select the beam set for communication in the second coverage area.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 108,041, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR SEPARATED BEAM DESIGN", filed October 30, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 17 / 513,585, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR SEPARATED BEAM DESIGN", filed October 28, 2021, by SAXENA et al., each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application and each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The following pertains to wireless communication, including techniques for beam splitting design.

[0004] background

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. These systems can employ various technologies, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication from multiple communication devices, which may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

[0006] The UE can be configured to communicate with the base station using beamforming transmission. However, for some use cases, existing beamforming techniques may be insufficient or suboptimal in some current configurations.

[0007] Overview

[0008] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses supporting techniques for beam splitting design. Typically, the described techniques provide for configuring user equipment (UE) to select a beam set to generate energy in a first coverage area (e.g., an out-of-coverage (OOC) area) to reduce the effects of distorted electric fields. The UE may select the beam set based on a gain parameter associated with an antenna set at the UE, wherein the gain parameter is determined for communication in a second coverage area (e.g., an in-coverage (INC) area). In some examples, the UE may use iterative techniques to select a beam that corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam space of the first coverage area. In some examples, the UE may select the beam set based on calculations using a codebook beam set associated with the second coverage area. In some examples, the UE may additionally select the beam set for communication in the second coverage area such that the beam set corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam spaces of both the first and second coverage areas.

[0009] A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with second communication in a second coverage area; identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area; and communicating with a device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0010] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. These instructions may be executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: select a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with second communication in a second coverage area; identify the energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area; and communicate with a device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0011] Another device for wireless communication at a UE is described. The device may include: means for selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with second communication in a second coverage area; means for identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area; and means for communicating with the device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0012] A non-transient computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: select a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with second communication in a second coverage area; identify energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area; and communicate with a device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, selecting the beam set may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting the beam set for second communication in a second coverage area based on the gain parameter set, wherein the energy may be further generated by the selected beam set in the second coverage area.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the selected beam set may be associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with a first coverage area and a second coverage area.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the selected beam set may be associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space that includes a null space of a subspace associated with a codebook beam set, which is associated with a second communication in a second coverage area.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, selecting the beam set may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: selecting a first beam based on the gain parameter set, updating the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam, and performing a selection procedure based on the selected first beam to select additional beams, wherein the selection procedure includes one or more iterations.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, each iteration of one or more iterations of the selection procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: selecting an additional beam based on a selected first beam, a previous iteration of the selection procedure, or both, and updating the updated beam pool to exclude the selected additional beam.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining separation parameters associated with a selected set of beams, wherein the selected set of beams may be selected based on the determined separation parameters.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means or instructions for determining the set of gain parameters based on a set of gain calculations performed using a normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the selected beam set may be selected based on the codebook beam set associated with a second communication in a second coverage area.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the first coverage area includes an area outside the coverage, while the second coverage area includes an area inside the coverage. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0023] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems that support techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0024] Figure 2 Examples of wireless communication systems that support techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0025] Figure 3 Examples of field diagrams illustrating techniques for beam splitting design supported by various aspects of this disclosure are provided.

[0026] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 6 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting techniques for split-beam design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 7 A diagram of a system including a device supporting a technique for beam splitting design, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0029] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0030] Detailed description

[0031] Some wireless communication systems may include one or more user equipment (UEs) and one or more base stations, such as next-generation B nodes or gigabit B nodes (either of which may be referred to as gNBs), which may support one or more radio access technologies (RATs), including 4G systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems), fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems), and Wi-Fi systems (e.g., wireless local area network (WLAN) systems).

[0032] Devices in wireless communication systems (e.g., NR systems) may use beamforming techniques for communication, which can also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception. For example, a UE may use beamformed transmission in the millimeter-wave (mmW) spectrum to communicate with a base station. The UE or base station may combine the energy generated by an antenna array such that signals propagating in a first orientation relative to the antenna array (which may be referred to as a first coverage area or out-of-coverage (OOC) area) undergo destructive interference. Additionally, based on the combined energy, signals propagating in a second orientation relative to the antenna array (which may be referred to as a second coverage area or in-coverage (INC) area) may undergo constructive interference. In some cases, the electric field associated with the generated energy may be distorted or attenuated at the UE, for example, due to obstructions (e.g., hands, phone covers) blocking antenna gain in the INC area.

[0033] According to the techniques described herein, a UE can be configured to select a beam set to generate energy in a first coverage area (e.g., an OOC area) to reduce the effects of distorted electric fields. The UE can select this beam set based on a gain parameter associated with an antenna set at the UE, wherein the gain parameter is determined for communication in a second coverage area (e.g., an INC area). In some examples, the UE can use an iterative technique to select a beam that corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam space of the first coverage area. In some examples, the UE can select the beam set based on a calculation using a codebook beam set associated with the second coverage area. In some examples, the UE can additionally select the beam set for communication in the second coverage area, such that the beam set corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam spaces of both the first and second coverage areas.

[0034] The aspects of this disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. The aspects of this disclosure are further explained and described with reference to field diagrams, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to techniques for beam splitting.

[0035] Figure 1Examples of wireless communication systems 100 supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure are described. Wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0036] Base station 105 can be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and can be different types of devices or devices with different capabilities. Base station 105 and UE 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 can provide a coverage area 110, and UE 115 and base station 105 can establish one or more communication links 125 on the coverage area 110. Coverage area 110 can be an example of a geographical area over which base station 105 and UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0037] Each UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. Each UE 115 can be a different type of device or a device with different capabilities. Figure 1 The document describes some example UE 115s. The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s, base station 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay equipment, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment). Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0038] Each base station 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, base station 105 may interface with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105), indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), or directly and indirectly on backhaul links 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, backhaul link 120 may be or include one or more radio links.

[0039] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, base transceiver station, radio base station, access point, radio transceiver, B node, evolved B node (eNB), next-generation B node or gigabit B node (any of which may be referred to as gNB), home B node, home evolved B node, or other suitable terms.

[0040] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0041] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, as well as base station 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0042] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the radio spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0043] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may include a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the code rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements the UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate the UE 115 can achieve. Wireless communication resources can refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and using multiple spatial layers can further improve the data rate or data integrity of communication with the UE 115.

[0044] One or more parameter designs for a carrier can be supported, where the parameter design may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter designs. In some examples, UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier can be active at a given time, and communication for UE 115 can be limited to one or more active BWPs.

[0045] The time interval of base station 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period T. s =1 / (Δf) max ·Nf) seconds, where Δf max The maximum supported subcarrier spacing can be represented by Nf, while Nf can represent the maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0046] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into several time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include several symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple mini-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0047] A subframe, time slot, mini-slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0048] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier using various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels can be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for physical control channels can be defined by the number of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search control regions for control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for control channel candidates can refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information in a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set configured to send control information to a specific UE 115.

[0049] In some examples, base station 105 may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. Wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network, in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage to various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0050] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low latency, or mission-critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission-critical services, such as Mission-Critical Talk-to-Talk (MCPTT), Mission-Critical Video (MCVideo), or Mission-Critical Data (MCData)). Support for mission-critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0051] In some examples, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UE 115 on a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UE 115s utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UE 115s in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 105 for other reasons. In some examples, groups of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between the individual UE 115s without involving base station 105.

[0052] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC). The EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by base station 105 associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to one or more network operator IP services 150. The IP service 150 may include access to the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0053] Some network devices (such as base station 105) may include sub-components, such as access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with each UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as a radio headend, smart radio headend, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio headends and ANCs) or combined into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0054] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz band is referred to as a UHF band or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but these waves can penetrate various structures sufficiently for macrocells to provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to transmissions using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the lower HF or VHF portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, UHF wave transmission can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0055] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) zoning using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as the centimeter band) or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) zoning using a spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support mmW communication between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices can be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this can facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may suffer even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein can be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency zonings, and the frequency band usage specified across these frequency zonings may vary by country or regulatory authority.

[0056] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating in unlicensed radio spectrum bands, devices (such as base station 105 and UE 115) may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation in unlicensed frequency bands may be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in coordination with component carriers operating in licensed frequency bands. Operation in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, etc.

[0057] Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may coexist at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographical locations. Base station 105 may have an antenna array with several rows and columns of antenna ports that base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0058] Base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. For example, a transmitting device may transmit multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, a receiving device may receive multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0059] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array, such that some signals propagating relative to a particular orientation of the antenna array experience constructive interference, while others experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with that device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., the antenna array relative to the transmitting or receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0060] Base station 105 or UE 115 may use beamsweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by base station 105 in different directions. For example, base station 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used (e.g., by the transmitting device (such as base station 105) or the receiving device (such as UE 115)) to identify the beam direction that base station 105 will use for later transmission or reception.

[0061] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with the receiving device (such as UE 115)). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0062] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., by base station 105 or UE 115) may be executed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate combined beams for transmission (e.g., from base station 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Base station 105 may transmit reference signals that may be precoded or unprecoded (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)). UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel type codebook, linear combination type codebook, port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception) or to transmit signals in a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0063] A receiver device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from base station 105. For example, the receiver device may attempt multiple receive directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets); or processing received signals according to different sets of receive beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, the receiver device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0064] Wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP-based. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer performs packet segmentation and reassembly for communication on logical channels. The Media Access Control (MAC) layer performs priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also use error detection, error correction, or both to support MAC layer retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between UE 115 and base station 105 or core network 130 supporting user plane data radio bearers. At the physical layer, transport channels can be mapped to physical channels.

[0065] UE 115 and base station 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data on communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve MAC layer throughput in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device may support simultaneous time-slot HARQ feedback, where the device can provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in previous symbols within that time slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to some other time interval.

[0066] According to the techniques described herein, UE 115 can be configured to select a beam set to generate energy in a first coverage area (e.g., an OOC area) to reduce the impact of distorted electric fields on communication with base station 105. UE 115 can select this beam set based on a gain parameter associated with an antenna set at UE 115, wherein the gain parameter is determined for communication in a second coverage area (e.g., an INC area). In some examples, UE 115 can use an iterative technique to select a beam that corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam space of the first coverage area. In some examples, UE 115 can select the beam set based on a calculation using a codebook beam set associated with the second coverage area. In some examples, UE 115 can additionally select the beam set for communication in the second coverage area, such that the beam set corresponds to a set of basis vectors in the beam spaces of both the first and second coverage areas.

[0067] Figure 2 Examples of a wireless communication system 200 supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a base station 205 and a UE 215, which may be referenced... Figure 1 Examples of corresponding devices described. The wireless communication system 200 may include features for improving communication between the UE 215 and the base station 205, as well as other advantages.

[0068] Base station 205 can communicate with UE 215 using beamforming technology. For example, base station 205 and UE 215 can communicate with each other via one or more base station beams 225 and one or more UE beams 220. Individual base station beams 225 may correspond to individual UE beams 220 used for communication in wireless communication system 200. In some examples, Figure 2 The communication described herein may include downlink transmission to UE 215, wherein base station beam 225 may be a transmit beam and UE beam 220 may be a receive beam. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 2 The communication described herein may include uplink transmissions from UE 215, wherein base station beam 225 may be a receiving beam and UE beam 220 may be a transmitting beam.

[0069] UE 215 can train UE beam 220 to communicate in a direction corresponding to the INC region, which can increase the antenna gain of transmissions sent or received by UE beam 220 in the INC region at the cost of gain in the direction corresponding to the OOC region. In some cases, the electric field associated with the energy generated based on UE beam 220 may be distorted or attenuated at UE 115, for example, due to obstacles (e.g., hands, phone covers) blocking the antenna gain in the INC region. Additionally or alternatively, due to movement of UE 215, base station beam 225 from base station 205 may arrive at an angle outside the INC region, which may result in suboptimal performance of beamforming communication.

[0070] According to the techniques described herein, UE 215 can be configured to select a set of beams 220 to generate energy in a first coverage area (e.g., an OOC area) to reduce the effects of distorted electric fields. UE 220 can select the set of UE beams 220 based on a gain parameter associated with the antenna set at UE 220, wherein this gain parameter is determined for communication in a second coverage area (e.g., an INC area). In some examples, UE 215 can select the set of UE beams 220 based on a calculation using a codebook beam set associated with the second coverage area.

[0071] In some examples, UE 215 may use an iterative technique to select the set of UE beams 220. UE 215 can determine which set of possible UE beams 220 to select. Choose N UE beams 220. UE 215 can select an initial UE beam 220 (e.g., UE beam 220-a), which can be referred to as beam w1. Beam w1 can be calculated using the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where the function Identifier from set The return value is the minimum sum-gain calculated beam w corresponding to a certain number of elements (e.g., antenna elements at UE 215 or another UE). That is, a beam w1 can be calculated such that this beam w1 has the minimum contribution to the second coverage area (e.g., the INC area). Although the formula for w1 explains the sum-gain calculation using four elements, UE 215 can use any number of elements to calculate w1. In some examples, UE 215 can use a normalized electric field for the sum-gain calculation.

[0074] UE 215 can be based on an initial beam w1 and a codebook beam set c1,…,c associated with a second coverage area. Q To use an iterative procedure to select the set W = {w1, ..., w}N the remaining UE beam 220 in and remove it from the set for the iterative procedure (i.e., ). Each iteration k of the iterative procedure can be described mathematically or programmatically as follows:

[0075] 1. Calculate

[0076]

[0077] 2. Let

[0078] 3. Let k = k + 1. If k < N, proceed to step 1, otherwise stop.

[0079] In each iteration k, the UE 215 can calculate the beam w k+1 , where the function identifies the beam y that returns the minimum value from the set based on the previously calculated beams w1,..., w k and the codebook beam set c1,..., c Q , where Real(y H w1) represents the real part of the product of the beam y and the Hermitian conjugate of the beam w1. That is, the UE 215 can calculate the beam w k+1 such that this beam w k+1 has the maximum angular separation from the previously calculated beams w1,..., w k and the codebook beam set c1,..., c Q . After calculating the beam w k+1 , the UE 215 can remove this beam w from the set for iteration k + 1. After N iterations, the UE 215 can stop the iterative procedure. Based on this iterative procedure, the UE 215 can select the UE beam 220 set W, where W = {w1,..., w k+1}. The UE beam 220 set W can correspond to the set of basis vectors of the null space of the subspace associated with the codebook beam set for the second coverage area. N}.

[0080] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 215 can select a second UE beam 220 set to generate energy in the first coverage area (e.g., OOC area) and the second coverage area (e.g., INC area). The UE 215 can use an iterative technique to select the second UE beam 220 set. The UE 215 can determine which beams to select from the set of possible UE beams 220 Select a number N of UE beams 220. UE 215 may select an initial UE beam 220 (e.g., UE beam 220-b), which may be referred to as beam w1. Beam w1 may be calculated using the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] where the function identifies the beam w that returns the maximum sum gain calculation corresponding to a certain number of elements (e.g., antenna elements at UE 215 or another UE) from the set . That is, beam w1 may be calculated such that this beam w1 has the maximum contribution to the second coverage area (e.g., the INC area). Although the formula for w1 illustrates the sum gain calculation using four elements, UE 215 may use any number of elements to calculate w1. In some examples, UE 215 may use the normalized electric field to perform the sum gain calculation.

[0083] UE 215 may use an iterative procedure to select the remaining UE beams 220 in the second UE beam set W = {w1,..., w N} based on the initial beam w1. Beam w1 may be removed from the set for the iterative procedure (i.e., ). Each iteration k of the iterative procedure may be described mathematically or programmatically as follows:

[0084] 1. Calculate

[0085] 2. Let

[0086] 3. Let k = k + 1. If k < N, proceed to step 1, otherwise stop.

[0087] In each iteration k, UE 215 may calculate beam w k+1 , where the function identifies the beam y that returns the minimum value from the set based on the previously calculated beams w1,..., w k . That is, UE 215 may calculate beam w k+1 such that this beam w k+1 has the maximum angular separation from the previously calculated beams w1,..., w k . After calculating beam w k+1 , UE 215 may remove this beam w from the set for iteration k + 1 k+1After N iterations, UE 215 can stop the iteration procedure. Based on this iteration procedure, UE 215 can select a second UE beam set 220 W, where W = {w1, ..., w...} N The second UE beam set 220 W may correspond to the set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first and second coverage areas.

[0088] Figure 3 Examples of field diagram 300 supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. In some examples, field diagram 300 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200. For example, field diagram 300 may illustrate an electric field including the energy generated by an antenna element or antenna assembly at the UE for communication with a base station, which may be a reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of corresponding devices are described. Field diagram 300 illustrates the features and other advantages for improving communication between the UE and the base station.

[0089] Field diagram 300 can illustrate the electric field in a spherical coordinate plane corresponding to the orientation or direction of the UE. The horizontal axis of field diagram 300 can correspond to the azimuth angle with respect to the UE, which can be referred to as phi or φ. The vertical axis of field diagram 300 can correspond to the polar angle or tilt, which can be referred to as theta or θ. Field diagram 300 can include an INC region 305 and an OOC region 310. The UE can use an antenna array to generate energy, which can be combined such that signals propagating in one or more directions can experience antenna gain based on constructive interference of the generated energy. INC region 305 can include a direction with peak antenna gain and a coverage area with antenna gain close to the peak gain (e.g., antenna gain within 6 dB of the peak gain). OOC region 310 can include a direction with reduced antenna gain, such as destructive interference based on the generated energy.

[0090] In some cases, the electric field in OOC region 310 (i.e., the region outside INC region 305) can be unstructured and can vary per antenna dipole. The UE can use a beam designed to increase throughput in INC region 305 to generate energy, which can lead to suboptimal antenna gain in OOC region 310. In some examples, such as due to UE movement, the serving beam from the base station may arrive at an angle outside INC region 305, which may result in suboptimal performance of beamforming communication.

[0091] In some cases, when the antenna array has an unstructured electric field (which may not be concentrated in any direction (e.g., not concentrated in INC region 305)), the mmW beam designed for INC region 305 based on the electric field data may not provide optimal antenna gain, for example, due to the high directivity of the beam. In some cases, the electric field may experience attenuation or structural loss, for example, due to obstacles (e.g., a hand, a phone cover, or another obstacle) obstructing the antenna array. Accordingly, the beam designed to serve INC region 305 based on the electric field data of the antenna array may provide suboptimal throughput gain for the UE. It may be beneficial to use a beam design algorithm that is less dependent on the electric field data of the antenna array (which can maintain antenna gain on INC region 305).

[0092] According to the techniques described herein, a UE can be configured to select a beam set to generate energy in OOC region 310 as an alternative to or supplement to generating energy in INC region 305. In some examples, the UE can select the beam set based on a per-antenna element variation of the electric field in OOC region 310, an unstructured electric field, or both. The UE can estimate this variation using electric fields from multiple antenna elements or antenna sets. In some examples, the UE can select the beam set such that the number of beams serving OOC region 310 is minimized. In some examples, the UE can select beams such that the separation between beams is maximized. In some examples, such as when the UE selects a beam set to generate energy in OOC region 310, the UE can select a beam corresponding to the set of basis vectors of the null space of the codebook beam set associated with INC region 305. Additionally or alternatively, when the UE selects a beam set to generate power in OOC region 310 and INC region 305, the UE may select beams corresponding to the basis vectors of the beam space (e.g., the entire sphere represented by field diagram 300). In some examples, the UE may use iterative techniques to select the beam set, which may improve throughput gain over the entire sphere represented by field diagram 300.

[0093] Figure 4 A block diagram 400 of a device 405 supporting techniques for split-beam design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 405 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communication manager 420. Device 405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0094] Receiver 410 may provide means for receiving information, such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for beam splitting design), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be transmitted to other components of device 405. Receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0095] Transmitter 415 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 405. For example, transmitter 415 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to size-based neural network selection for autoencoder-based communication), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 415 may be co-located with receiver 410 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 415 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0096] The communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of apparatuses for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam splitting as described herein. For example, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more functions described herein.

[0097] In some examples, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuitry system). This hardware may include a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, configured to serve as or otherwise support means for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, the processor and memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in memory by the processor).

[0098] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may be implemented by processor-executable code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented by processor-executable code, the functionality of the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, central processing unit (CPU), ASIC, FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., means configured or otherwise supported for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0099] In some examples, the communication manager 420 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 410, transmitter 415, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 420 may receive information from the receiver 410, send information to the transmitter 415, or be integrated with the receiver 410, transmitter 415, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations described herein.

[0100] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 420 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 420 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, which is associated with second communication in a second coverage area. The communication manager 420 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area. The communication manager 420 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for communicating with a device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0101] By including or configuring a communication manager 420 according to the examples described herein, device 405 (e.g., a processor that controls or otherwise couples to receiver 410, transmitter 420, communication manager 620, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for reducing power consumption and improving transmission reliability. In some aspects, the processor of device 405 can adjust beamforming communication based on a selected beam set. For example, the processor of device 405 can activate one or more processing units for processing gain calculations, increase the processing clock, or similar mechanisms within device 405. Thus, the processor can more accurately deliver data packets when subsequent electric field distortion is detected. Improved beamforming can lead to power savings and improved communication reliability, which can further improve power efficiency at device 405 (e.g., by eliminating unnecessary duplicate communications).

[0102] Figure 5A block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting techniques for split-beam design according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 505 may be an example of aspects of device 405 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communication manager 520. Device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0103] Receiver 510 may provide means for receiving information, such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for beam splitting design), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be transmitted to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0104] Transmitter 515 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 505. For example, transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to size-based neural network selection for autoencoder-based communication), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 515 may be co-located with receiver 510 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0105] Device 505 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam splitting design as described herein. For example, communication manager 520 may include beam selection manager 525, energy generation component 530, communication component 535, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 520 may be examples of various aspects of communication manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 520 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both, or otherwise in cooperation with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both. For example, communication manager 520 may receive information from receiver 510, send information to transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations described herein.

[0106] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 520 may support wireless communication at the UE. The beam selection manager 525 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, which is associated with second communication in a second coverage area. The energy generation component 530 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area. The communication component 535 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for communicating with the device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0107] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 is shown of a communication manager 620 supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 620 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 420, communication manager 520, or both described herein. The communication manager 620 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the techniques for beam splitting design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may include a beam selection manager 625, an energy generation component 630, a communication component 635, an iteration component 640, a gain calculation manager 645, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0108] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 620 may support wireless communication at the UE. The beam selection manager 625 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, which is associated with second communication in a second coverage area. The energy generation component 630 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area. The communication component 635 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for communicating with the device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0109] In some examples, to support the selection of the beam set, the beam selection manager 625 may be configured as or otherwise support means for selecting the beam set for a second communication in a second coverage area based on the gain parameter set, wherein the energy is further generated in the second coverage area by the selected beam set.

[0110] In some examples, the beam selection manager 625 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for enabling the selected beam set to be associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first coverage area and the second coverage area.

[0111] In some examples, the beam selection manager 625 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for enabling a selected set of beams to be associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space that includes a null space of a subspace associated with a codebook beam set that is associated with a second communication in a second coverage area.

[0112] In some examples, to support the selection of the beam set, the iteration component 640 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for selecting a first beam based on the gain parameter set. In some examples, to support the selection of the beam set, the iteration component 640 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for updating the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam. In some examples, to support the selection of the beam set, the iteration component 640 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for performing a selection procedure based on the selected first beam to select additional beams, wherein the selection procedure includes one or more iterations.

[0113] In some examples, to support each iteration of one or more iterations of the selection procedure, the iteration component 640 may be configured as or otherwise support means for selecting an additional beam based on the selected first beam, previous iterations of the selection procedure, or both. In some examples, to support each iteration of one or more iterations of the selection procedure, the iteration component 640 may be configured as or otherwise support means for updating the updated beam pool to exclude the selected additional beam.

[0114] In some examples, the beam selection manager 625 may be configured as or otherwise support means for determining separation parameters associated with a selected set of beams, wherein the selected set of beams is selected based on the determined separation parameters.

[0115] In some examples, the gain calculation manager 645 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for determining the set of gain parameters based on a set of gain calculations performed using a normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

[0116] In some examples, the beam selection manager 625 may be configured as, or otherwise supported as, means for enabling the selection of a selected beam set based on a codebook beam set associated with a second communication in a second coverage area.

[0117] In some examples, the first coverage area includes areas outside the coverage area. In some examples, the second coverage area includes areas within the coverage area.

[0118] Figure 7A diagram of a system 700 including a device 705 supporting techniques for beam splitting design is shown according to various aspects of this disclosure. Device 705 may be an example of device 405, device 505, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including device 405, device 505, or UE 115. Device 705 may wirelessly communicate with one or more base stations 105, UE 115, or any combination thereof. Device 705 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 720, an I / O controller 710, a transceiver 715, an antenna 725, a memory 730, a code 735, and a processor 740. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 745).

[0119] The I / O controller 710 manages the input and output signals of the device 705. The I / O controller 710 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 705. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may utilize an operating system, such as... Or another known operating system. In some other cases, the I / O controller 710 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 740). In some cases, a user may interact with device 705 via the I / O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 710.

[0120] In some cases, device 705 may include a single antenna 725. However, in other cases, device 705 may have more than one antenna 725, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently. Transceiver 715 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 725, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, transceiver 715 may represent a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 715 may also include a modem for modulating packets and providing modulated packets to one or more antennas 725 for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 725. Transceiver 715, or transceiver 715 and one or more antennas 725, may be an example of transmitter 415, transmitter 515, receiver 410, receiver 510, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0121] Memory 730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 735, including instructions that, when executed by processor 740, cause device 705 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 735 may not be directly executed by processor 740, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 730 may, in particular, include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0122] Processor 740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 740 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 740. Processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 730) to cause device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for beam splitting design). For example, device 705 or components thereof may include processor 740 and memory 730 coupled to processor 740, wherein processor 740 and memory 730 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0123] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, which is associated with second communication in a second coverage area. The communication manager 720 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area. The communication manager 720 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for communicating with a device via the selected beam set based on the generated energy.

[0124] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to the example described herein, device 705 can support more efficient communication with base station 105 (such as...). Figure 1(As shown) Techniques for saving power in communication. For example, device 705 can improve the reliability of communication with base station 105 because device 705 can determine whether transmission is likely to succeed based on the selected beam set. Using the techniques described herein, device 705 can communicate with base station 105 more accurately, which improves power efficiency at device 705.

[0125] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise cooperating with transceiver 715, one or more antennas 725, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 720 is described as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 720 may be supported or performed by processor 740, memory 730, code 735, or any combination thereof. For example, code 735 may include instructions that can be executed by processor 740 to cause device 705 to perform various aspects of the techniques for beam splitting design as described herein, or processor 740 and memory 730 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0126] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a method 800 for supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 800 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 800 can be performed by, as referred to... Figures 1 to 7 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0127] At 805, the method may include selecting a beam set for a first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with a second communication in a second coverage area. Operation of 805 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 805 may be provided by reference to... Figure 6 The beam selection manager 625 described is used to perform this.

[0128] At 810, the method may include identifying the energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area. The operation of 810 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 810 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described energy generation component 630 is used to perform this.

[0129] At 815, the method may include communicating with the device via a selected beam set based on the generated energy. Operation of 815 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 815 may be provided as referenced. Figure 6 The described communication component 635 is used to perform this.

[0130] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method 900 for supporting techniques for beam splitting design according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 900 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 900 can be performed by, as referred to... Figures 1 to 7 The UE 115 described herein is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0131] At 905, the method may include selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based on a set of gain parameters. The operation of 905 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 905 may be determined by reference to... Figure 6 The beam selection manager 625 described is used to perform this.

[0132] At 910, the method may include selecting the beam set for second communication in the second coverage area based on the gain parameter set, wherein energy is further generated in the second coverage area by the selected beam set. The operation of 910 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 910 may be provided by reference to... Figure 6 The beam selection manager 625 described is used to perform this.

[0133] At 915, the method may include identifying the energy generated by the selected beam set in the first and second coverage areas. The operation of 915 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 915 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 6 The described energy generation component 630 is used to perform this.

[0134] At 920, the method may include communicating with the device via a selected beam set based on the generated energy. Operation of 920 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 920 may be as described in reference... Figure 6 The described communication component 635 is used to perform this.

[0135] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0136] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: selecting a beam set for first communication in a first coverage area based at least in part on a set of gain parameters associated with an antenna set, the set of gain parameters being associated with second communication in a second coverage area; identifying energy generated by the selected beam set in the first coverage area; and communicating with a device via the selected beam set based at least in part on the generated energy.

[0137] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein selecting the beam set further comprises: selecting the beam set for second communication in the second coverage area based at least in part on the gain parameter set, wherein the energy is further generated in the second coverage area by the selected beam set.

[0138] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein the selected beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first coverage area and the second coverage area.

[0139] Aspect 4: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the selected beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space, the beam space including a null space of a subspace associated with a codebook beam set, the codebook beam set being associated with a second communication in a second coverage area.

[0140] Aspect 5: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein selecting the beam set comprises: selecting a first beam at least in part based on the gain parameter set; updating the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam; and performing a selection procedure at least in part based on the selected first beam to select an additional beam, wherein the selection procedure comprises one or more iterations.

[0141] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein each iteration of one or more iterations of the selection procedure includes: selecting an additional beam based at least in part on the selected first beam, a previous iteration of the selection procedure, or both; and updating the updated beam pool to exclude the selected additional beam.

[0142] Aspect 7: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 6 further includes: determining separation parameters associated with the selected beam set, wherein the selected beam set is selected at least in part based on the determined separation parameters.

[0143] Aspect 8: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 7 further includes: determining the gain parameter set based at least in part on performing a set of gain calculations using a normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

[0144] Aspect 9: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the selected beam set is selected at least in part based on the codebook beam set associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

[0145] Aspect 10: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the first coverage area includes the area outside the coverage; and the second coverage area includes the area inside the coverage.

[0146] Aspect 11: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of Aspects 1 to 10.

[0147] Aspect 12: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising at least one means for performing the method of any one of Aspects 1 to 10.

[0148] Aspect 13: A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform methods as described in any one of Aspects 1 to 10.

[0149] It should be noted that the methods described in this paper describe possible implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods can be combined.

[0150] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein can also be applied to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques can be applied to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0151] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0152] The various illustrative boxes and components described herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0153] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the function are implemented at different physical locations.

[0154] Computer-readable media includes both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then that coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used in this article, disk and disc include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks often magnetically reproduce data while discs optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of these media are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0155] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Similarly, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0156] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, components of the same type may be distinguished by a dash following the reference numeral and a second reference numeral used to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0157] The descriptions herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, depict exemplary configurations and are not representative of all examples that may be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not imply "superior" or "outperforming" other examples. This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0158] The description provided herein is intended to enable those skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: A first beam set is selected for first communication in a first coverage area and a second beam set is selected for second communication in a second coverage area, wherein the selection of the first beam set is based at least in part on a set of gain parameters associated with the antenna set and the second communication, wherein the first coverage area is different from the second coverage area; Identify the energy generated by the first beam set in the first coverage area; as well as The communication with the device is based at least in part on the generated energy via the first beam set.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy is further generated by the second beam set in the second coverage area.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first coverage area and the second coverage area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space, the beam space including a null space of a subspace associated with the codebook beam set, the codebook beam set being associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first beam set comprises: The first beam is selected at least in part based on the set of gain parameters; Update the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam; as well as The selection procedure for selecting an additional beam is performed at least in part based on the selected first beam, wherein the selection procedure includes one or more iterations.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein each iteration of the one or more iterations of the selection procedure comprises: Additional beams are selected at least in part based on the selected first beam, previous iterations of the selection procedure, or both. as well as Update the updated beam pool to exclude the selected additional beams.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Determine separation parameters associated with the selected first beam set, wherein the selected first beam set is selected at least in part based on the determined separation parameters.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The gain parameter set is determined at least in part based on a set of gain calculations performed using the normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first beam set is selected at least in part based on a codebook beam set associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein: The first coverage area includes areas outside the coverage area; while The second coverage area includes the area within the coverage area.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: processor; Memory coupled to the processor; as well as Instructions, which are stored in the memory and can be executed by the processor, to cause the device to: A first beam set is selected for first communication in a first coverage area and a second beam set is selected for second communication in a second coverage area, wherein the selection of the first beam set is based at least in part on a set of gain parameters associated with the antenna set and the second communication, wherein the first coverage area is different from the second coverage area; Identify the energy generated by the first beam set in the first coverage area; as well as The communication with the device is based at least in part on the generated energy via the first beam set.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the energy is further generated by the second beam set in the second coverage area.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first coverage area and the second coverage area.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space, the beam space including a null space of a subspace associated with the codebook beam set, the codebook beam set being associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: The first beam is selected at least in part based on the set of gain parameters; Update the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam; and The selection procedure for selecting an additional beam is performed at least in part based on the selected first beam, wherein the selection procedure includes one or more iterations.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: The additional beam is selected at least in part based on the selected first beam, previous iterations of the selection procedure, or both; and Update the updated beam pool to exclude the selected additional beams.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Determine separation parameters associated with the selected first beam set, wherein the selected first beam set is selected at least in part based on the determined separation parameters.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: The gain parameter set is determined at least in part based on a set of gain calculations performed using the normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first beam set is selected at least in part based on a codebook beam set associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein: The first coverage area includes areas outside the coverage area; while The second coverage area includes the area within the coverage area.

21. An apparatus for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: A means for selecting a first beam set for a first communication in a first coverage area and a second beam set for a second communication in a second coverage area, wherein the selection of the first beam set is based at least in part on a set of gain parameters associated with the antenna set and the second communication, wherein the first coverage area is different from the second coverage area; A means for identifying the energy generated by the first beam set in the first coverage area; as well as A means for communicating with a device via the first beam set, at least in part based on the generated energy.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein the energy is further generated by the second beam set in the second coverage area.

23. The device of claim 22, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of the beam space associated with the first coverage area and the second coverage area.

24. The device of claim 21, wherein the first beam set is associated with a set of basis vectors of a beam space, the beam space including a null space of a subspace associated with the codebook beam set, the codebook beam set being associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for selecting the first beam set comprises: A means for selecting a first beam based at least in part on the set of gain parameters; Device for updating the beam pool to exclude the selected first beam; as well as A means for performing a selection procedure to select an additional beam based at least in part on a selected first beam, wherein the selection procedure includes one or more iterations.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for each iteration in the one or more iterations of the selection procedure comprises: A means for selecting an additional beam based at least in part on the selected first beam, previous iterations of the selection procedure, or both; as well as A device for updating the updated beam pool to exclude selected additional beams.

27. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: A means for determining separation parameters associated with a selected first beam set, wherein the selected first beam set is selected at least in part based on the determined separation parameters.

28. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising: A means for determining the set of gain parameters based at least in part on a set of gain calculations performed using a normalized electric field for each antenna in the antenna set.

29. The device of claim 21, wherein the first beam set is selected at least in part based on a codebook beam set associated with the second communication in the second coverage area.

30. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code including instructions executable by a processor for the following operations: A first beam set is selected for first communication in a first coverage area and a second beam set is selected for second communication in a second coverage area, wherein the selection of the first beam set is based at least in part on a set of gain parameters associated with the antenna set and the second communication, wherein the first coverage area is different from the second communication associated with the second coverage area; Identify the energy generated by the first beam set in the first coverage area; as well as The communication with the device is based at least in part on the generated energy via the first beam set.

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