Large-length-diameter-ratio hole shaft part centering assembly equipment and working method

Abstract

The application provides a large-length-diameter-ratio hole shaft part centering assembly equipment and a working method, which comprises a first guide device, a rack, a lifting slide, a laser centering device, a horizontal slide, a base, a second guide device and a laser displacement sensor; the lifting slide and the horizontal slide are installed on the rack, a first to-be-assembled part and a third to-be-assembled part are installed on the lifting slide, and a second to-be-assembled part is installed on the horizontal slide; the laser centering device is installed on the lifting slide, the first guide device is installed on the first to-be-assembled part, the second guide device is installed on the second to-be-assembled part, a target scale of the laser centering device is arranged on the side of the horizontal slide facing the laser centering device, and one laser displacement sensor is installed on the base and the horizontal slide. The application has the advantages of compact structure, easy-to-implement system and convenient operation, can realize automatic adjustment and centering, avoids long-time adjustment and waiting, and can conveniently switch assembly stations to complete continuous centering assembly of multiple steps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of centering and assembling of shaft parts, and more specifically, to centering and assembling equipment and methods for shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios. Background Technology

[0002] Alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio bore and shaft parts is a device that replaces manual assembly and is suitable for aligning and assembling bore and shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios. Manual assembly of bore and shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios suffers from unavoidable problems such as difficulty in clamping and fixing, low assembly quality, insufficient assembly quality stability, and easy formation of assembly scratches on the assembly surface. Therefore, using specialized alignment and assembly equipment to complete the alignment and assembly of bore and shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios is the inevitable choice.

[0003] Traditional assembly equipment that uses infrared or laser methods to perform multi-point ranging for alignment and assembly of shaft and hole parts is structurally complex and costly to develop. Furthermore, multi-point ranging devices have stringent requirements for the production environment, involve long position measurement and alignment times, and impose numerous restrictions on the structural shape of the parts. Therefore, there is a need for a device with an easily implementable structure, low development cost, and that eliminates the need for multi-point ranging alignment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a centering and assembly device and working method for shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios.

[0005] The present invention provides a centering and assembly equipment for a large length-to-diameter ratio bore shaft part, comprising: a first guiding device, a frame, a lifting slide, a laser centering device, a horizontal slide, a base, a second guiding device, and a laser displacement sensor.

[0006] The lifting slide and the horizontal slide are installed on the frame. The first part to be installed and the third part to be installed are installed on the lifting slide and move vertically through the lifting slide. The second part to be installed is installed on the horizontal slide and moves horizontally through the horizontal slide.

[0007] The laser alignment device is installed on the lifting slide, the first guide device is installed on the first part to be installed, the second guide device is installed on the second part to be installed, and laser alignment target scales are set on both sides of the horizontal slide facing the laser alignment device. A laser displacement sensor is installed on the base and the horizontal slide.

[0008] Preferably, the frame includes: a top frame, guide columns, and a base;

[0009] One end of each of the guide pillars is mounted on the base, and the other end is mounted on the top frame.

[0010] Preferably, the horizontal slide table includes: an X-axis linear slide rail, a Y-axis linear slide rail, an X-axis slide table, and a Y-axis slide table;

[0011] The X-axis linear slide rail is mounted on the base, and the X-axis slide table is slidably connected to the X-axis linear slide rail. The Y-axis linear slide rail is mounted on the X-axis slide table, and the Y-axis slide table is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear slide rail.

[0012] Preferably, a laser displacement sensor is installed on the Y-axis slide and the base.

[0013] Preferably, multiple force sensors are mounted on the Y-axis slide;

[0014] The second clamping device is installed on the side of the force sensor facing the lifting slide.

[0015] Preferably, the assembly of the second part to be installed, the first part to be installed, and the second part to be installed is mounted on the second clamping device at one end, and the second guide device and the first guide device are respectively mounted on the other end.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting slide is slidably mounted on the guide column, and an electric cylinder is mounted on the top frame. The electric cylinder is connected to the lifting slide through the lead screw and drives the lifting slide to move in the vertical direction.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of first clamping devices are installed on the lifting slide, and the first part to be installed and the third part to be installed are respectively installed on the lifting slide through one of the first clamping devices and move up and down with the lifting slide.

[0018] Preferably, the second guide device is composed of two halves that fit together, which can be easily installed and disassembled.

[0019] Preferably, a leveling bracket is installed at the bottom of the base.

[0020] Preferably, a method for operating the alignment and assembly equipment for the large length-to-diameter ratio bore shaft part includes the following steps:

[0021] Step S1: The second part to be installed is mounted on the second clamping device. The first part to be installed and the third part to be installed are respectively mounted on the first assembly station and the second assembly station on the lifting slide through the first clamping device. The first guide device is mounted on the first part to be installed and the second guide device is mounted on the second part to be installed.

[0022] Step S2: Move the second part to be assembled to the vertical direction of the first part to be assembled at the first assembly station using the horizontal slide table, adjust the position of the horizontal slide table so that the center of the second guide device at the upper end of the second part to be assembled is near the center of the first part to be assembled in the vertical direction, and further adjust the alignment using the laser alignment device in conjunction with the target scale.

[0023] Step S3: The electric cylinder is activated to cause the lifting slide to press down the first part to be installed. The first part to be installed and the second part to be installed are aligned by the guidance of the second guiding device and the hole-shaft mating of the first part to be installed and the second part to be installed. The parts are then pressed into place. During the assembly process, the second guiding device and the internal structure of the second part to be installed help the first part to be installed and the second part to be installed to maintain a coaxial state. The control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor and monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide through the laser displacement sensor. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0024] Step S4: Release the clamping and fixing of the first clamping device on the first part to be assembled, remove the assembled assembly from the station where the first part to be assembled is located, and raise the lifting slide to prepare for the next assembly step.

[0025] Step S5: The first part to be assembled and the second part to be assembled, which have been pressed down and assembled for the first time, are moved to the vertical direction of the third part to be assembled at the second assembly station via the horizontal slide table. The position of the horizontal slide table is adjusted so that the center of the first guide device of the part to be assembled is located near the center of the third part to be assembled in the vertical direction. The laser centering device is used to further adjust the centering to complete the initial centering.

[0026] Step S6: Activate the electric cylinder to drive the lifting slide to press down the third part to be installed. Through the guidance of the first guiding device and the hole-shaft mating of the third part to be installed and the assembly of the parts to be installed, the hole-shaft mating of the third part to be installed and the assembly of the parts to be installed is completed and pressed into place. During the assembly process, the control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor and monitors the pressing position of the lifting slide through the laser displacement sensor. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0027] Step S7: After assembly is completed, loosen the clamping and fixing of the third part to be assembled, remove the assembled component from the workstation where the third part to be assembled is located, raise the lifting slide, remove the first guide device and the second guide device, remove the component and transfer it away, and end the assembly.

[0028] Preferably, in this application, the force sensor is a sensing device in the prior art that can transmit the force situation when the lifting slide is pressed down to the control system;

[0029] The laser displacement sensor is a sensor that uses laser technology for measurement in the prior art. In this application, it is used to measure the descent distance of the lifting slide. After assembly, the system automatically stops. If the descent distance exceeds the specified distance, it will identify and alarm.

[0030] The laser alignment device is a sensor that uses laser technology for positioning in the prior art. In this application, it is used to complete the initial alignment and positioning of the assembly of parts to be assembled. After the laser signal emitted by the laser generator is aligned with the target scale center and the reflected signal is received by the receiver, the system prompts that the first part to be assembled and the second part to be assembled, the third part to be assembled and the assembly have completed the initial alignment.

[0031] The first and second guiding devices are tooling with guiding functions specially designed for the features of the parts to be assembled. They have high coaxial accuracy with the hole shaft of the parts to be assembled. In this application, they are self-aligned by horizontal sliding of the horizontal slide table to complete the coaxial alignment assembly of the parts to be assembled.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This application features a compact structure, easy system implementation, and convenient operation. It can achieve high-precision automatic adjustment and alignment with short alignment time, avoiding long waiting times for alignment. It can also easily switch workstations to complete multi-step continuous alignment and assembly, making it particularly suitable for multi-station integrated continuous alignment and assembly of shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratio holes. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the assembly equipment.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal sliding table structure;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting slide structure;

[0038] As shown in the figure:

[0039] Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes: a first guiding device 2, a frame 3, a lifting slide 4, a laser centering device 5, a horizontal slide 6, and a second guiding device 13; the frame 3 includes: a top frame 21, guide columns 22, and a base 7. One end of multiple guide columns 22 is vertically installed on the base 7, and the other end is installed on the top frame 21. A leveling bracket 23 is installed at the bottom of the base 7. A lifting slide 4 and a horizontal slide 6 are installed on the frame 3. The first part to be installed 9 and the third part to be installed 11 are installed on the lifting slide 4 and move vertically via the lifting slide 4. The second part to be installed 14 is installed on the horizontal slide 6 and moves horizontally via the horizontal slide 6. A laser alignment device 5 is installed on the lifting slide 4. Laser alignment target scales 24 are set below the laser alignment devices 5 on both sides of the top of the horizontal slide 6. A first guide device 2 and a second guide device 13 are installed on the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14, respectively. The laser alignment device 5 works with the second guide device 13 to achieve alignment of the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14. The laser alignment device 5 works with the first guide device 2 to achieve alignment of the assembled part after alignment of the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14 and the third part to be installed 11.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal slide 6 includes: an X-axis linear slide rail 17, a Y-axis linear slide rail 18, an X-axis slide 19, and a Y-axis slide 20. The X-axis linear slide rail 17 is mounted on the base 7, the X-axis slide 19 is slidably connected to the X-axis linear slide rail 17, the Y-axis linear slide rail 18 is mounted on the X-axis slide 19, and the Y-axis slide 20 is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear slide rail 18. A laser displacement sensor 16 is mounted on the Y-axis slide 20 and the base 7. Multiple force sensors 15 are mounted on the Y-axis slide 20. A second clamping device 12 is mounted on the side of the force sensors 15 facing the lifting slide 4. One end of the assembly of the second part to be installed 14, the first part to be installed 9, and the second part to be installed 14 after alignment and assembly is mounted on the second clamping device, and the other end is respectively mounted on the second guide device 13 and the first guide device 2. The assembly of the second part to be installed 14, the first part to be installed 9, and the second part to be installed 14 after alignment and assembly is mounted on the second clamping device 12 and moves horizontally with the horizontal slide 6.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the lifting slide 4 is slidably mounted on the guide column 22, and the electric cylinder 1 is mounted on the top frame 21. The electric cylinder 1 is connected to the lifting slide 4 through the lead screw 10 and drives the lifting slide 4 to move vertically. Multiple first clamping devices 8 are installed on the lifting slide 4 according to different workstation areas. The first part to be loaded 9 and the third part to be loaded 11 are respectively mounted on the lifting slide 4 through a first clamping device 8 and move up and down with the lifting slide 4.

[0045] The working method of the centering device in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: The second part to be assembled 14 is installed on the second clamping device 12. The first part to be assembled 9 and the third part to be assembled 11 are respectively installed on the first assembly station and the second assembly station on the lifting slide table 4 through a first clamping device 8.

[0047] Step S2: Move the second part to be assembled 14 to the vertical direction of the first part to be assembled 9 at the first assembly station via the horizontal slide 6, adjust the position of the horizontal slide 6 so that the center of the second guide device 13 at the upper end of the second part to be assembled 14 is near the center of the first part to be assembled 9 in the vertical direction, and further adjust the centering by using the laser centering device 5 in conjunction with the target scale 24.

[0048] Step S3: Operate the control system interface, start the electric cylinder 1 to drive the lifting slide 4 to press down the first part to be installed 9. Through the guidance of the second guide device 13 and the hole-shaft cooperation of the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14, the hole-shaft alignment of the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14 is completed and pressed into place. During the assembly process, the second guide device 13 and the internal structure of the second part to be installed 14 help the first part to be installed 9 and the second part to be installed 14 to maintain a high-precision coaxial state. The control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor 15 and monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide 4 through the laser displacement sensor 16. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0049] Step S4: Release the clamping and fixing of the first clamping device 8 on the first part to be assembled 9, remove the assembled assembly from the station where the first part to be assembled 9 is located, and raise the lifting slide 4 to prepare for the next assembly step.

[0050] Step S5: The first part to be assembled 9 and the second part to be assembled 14, which have been pressed down and assembled for the first time, are moved to the third part to be assembled 11 in the vertical direction at the second assembly station by the horizontal slide table 6. The position of the horizontal slide table 6 is adjusted so that the center of the first guide device 2 of the part to be assembled is located near the center of the third part to be assembled 11 in the vertical direction. The centering is further adjusted by the laser centering device 5 to complete the initial centering.

[0051] Step S6: Start the electric cylinder 1 to drive the lifting slide 4 to press down the third part to be installed 11. Through the guidance of the first guiding device 2 and the alignment of the hole and shaft of the third part to be installed 11 and the assembly of the parts to be installed, the hole and shaft alignment of the third part to be installed 11 and the assembly of the parts to be installed is completed and pressed into place. During the assembly process, the control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor 15 and monitors the pressing position of the lifting slide 4 through the laser displacement sensor 16. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0052] Step S7: After assembly is completed, loosen the clamping and fixing of the third part to be assembled 11, remove the assembled component from the station where the third part to be assembled 11 is located, raise the lifting slide 4, remove the first guide device 2 and the second guide device 13, remove the component and transfer it away, and end the assembly.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Example 2 is a preferred example of Example 1.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment includes: a first guiding device 2, a horizontal slide 6, a lifting slide 4, an assembly force monitoring system, a second guiding device 13, and a control system. The horizontal slide 6 enables self-adjusting centering and station switching, while the large-stroke lifting of the lifting slide 4 allows for dual-station integrated continuous centering assembly of shaft parts with large length-to-diameter ratios. The assembly force monitoring system is connected to a force sensor 15 for force monitoring during the assembly process. The control system is connected to the assembly force monitoring system, a laser displacement sensor 16, a laser centering device 5, and an electric cylinder 1. The control system can control the operation of the electric cylinder 1 and the lifting slide 4 based on feedback from the assembly force monitoring system, the laser displacement sensor 16, and the laser centering device 5.

[0056] The horizontal slide 6 includes: an X-axis slide 19, a Y-axis slide 20, a force sensor 15, a laser displacement sensor 16, and a laser alignment target scale 24. The X-axis slide 19 is mounted on the base 7 via an X-axis linear guide rail 17, and the Y-axis slide 20 is mounted on the X-axis slide 19 via a Y-axis linear guide rail 18. The guide rails and slides have high dimensional and installation accuracy to ensure the horizontal accuracy of the horizontal slide 6 under force. The installation state of the slide has been adjusted and optimized, and the damping of bidirectional sliding along the X and Y axes is controlled within 20N, enabling low-damping bidirectional horizontal micro-sliding and large displacement switching positions. Three force sensors 15 are evenly installed on the Y-axis slide 20 to monitor the magnitude and distribution of the assembly pressing force of the lifting slide 4. Laser displacement sensors 16 are installed on the base 7 and the Y-axis slide 20 to monitor the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide 4. The control system identifies abnormal assembly parameters based on the feedback from the force sensors 15 and the laser displacement sensors 16, and automatically alarms and stops the machine to protect the product to be assembled.

[0057] The lifting slide 4 is mounted on the guide column 22. The lifting power is provided by the connection between the lead screw 10 and the electric cylinder 1. The electric cylinder 1 controls the lifting speed of the lifting slide 4, enabling it and its components to complete large-stroke, high-precision vertical lifting movements. A clamping station is set on each of the left and right sides of the lifting slide 4. Each clamping station is equipped with a corresponding auxiliary alignment laser alignment device 5. The laser alignment device 5 has a positioning accuracy of ±0.5mm and is used for the initial alignment of the components to be assembled.

[0058] This embodiment describes a method for centering and assembling shaft parts with a large length-to-diameter ratio using a centering and assembly equipment. The method includes the following steps:

[0059] Step T1, Installation of parts to be installed: The second part to be installed 14 is installed on the corresponding second clamping device 12 of the horizontal slide table 6. The first part to be installed 9 and the third part to be installed 11 are respectively installed on the first assembly station and the first clamping device 8 of the second assembly station on the lifting slide table 4, and each guide device is installed.

[0060] Step T2, initial alignment of the parts to be assembled at the first assembly station: move the horizontal slide 6 and the second part to be assembled 14 on it to the first assembly station, adjust the position of the horizontal slide 6 so that the center of the second guide device 13 installed on the upper end of the second part to be assembled 14 is near the center of the lower end of the first part to be assembled 9 on the lifting slide 4, and further adjust the alignment through the laser alignment device 5 to complete the initial alignment of the parts to be assembled.

[0061] Step T3, self-adjusting centering assembly of the parts to be assembled at the first assembly station: The electric cylinder 1 is started to drive the lifting slide 4 to press down the first part to be assembled 9. Through the guidance of the second guiding device 13 and the centering of the holes and shafts of the two parts to be assembled, the centering accuracy between the two parts to be assembled reaches the assembly requirements, thereby completing the centering of the holes and shafts of the first part to be assembled 9 and the second part to be assembled 14 and pressing them into place, completing the assembly step at the first assembly station. During the assembly process, the control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor 15 and monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide 4 through the laser displacement sensor 16. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0062] Step T4, workstation switching: Release the clamping and fixing of the first clamping device 8 of the lifting slide 4 on the first part 9 to be assembled, remove the assembled part assembly from the first assembly workstation, and raise the lifting slide 4 to prepare for the next assembly step.

[0063] Step T5, initial alignment of the parts to be assembled at the second assembly station: Move the horizontal slide 6 and the completed assembly of the parts to be assembled on it to the vertical direction of the third part to be assembled 11 at the second assembly station. Adjust the position of the horizontal slide 6 so that the center of the first guide device 2 installed at the upper end of the assembly of the parts to be assembled is near the center of the lower end of the third part to be assembled 11 on the lifting slide 4. Further adjust the alignment using the laser alignment device 5 to complete the initial alignment of the parts to be assembled.

[0064] Step T6, self-adjusting centering assembly of the parts to be assembled at the second assembly station: start the electric cylinder 1 to drive the lifting slide 4 to press down the third part to be assembled 11. Through the guidance of the first guide device 2 and the centering of the hole and shaft of the part to be assembled, the centering accuracy between the parts to be assembled reaches the assembly requirements, thereby completing the centering of the assembly of the parts to be assembled with the hole and shaft of the third part to be assembled 11 and pressing it into place, completing the assembly step at the second clamping station. During the assembly process, the control system monitors the assembly status in real time. The system will automatically stop the machine after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0065] Step T7, Assembly completion: After assembly is completed, loosen the clamping and fixing of the third part to be assembled 11, remove the assembled component from the second clamping station, raise the lifting slide 4, remove each guide device, disassemble the component and transfer it away, and end the assembly.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] Assembly Step 1: Adjust the position of the horizontal slide 6 so that the second part to be assembled 14 is below the first part to be assembled 9. After the laser signal emitted by the laser alignment device 5 is aligned with the target center of the target scale 24 and the reflected signal is received, the system recognizes that the first part to be assembled 9 and the second part to be assembled 14 have completed the initial alignment. The system starts to control the lifting slide 4 to drive the first part to be assembled 9 to descend. The second guide device 13 and the internal structure of the second part to be assembled 14 assist the first part to be assembled 9 and the second part to be assembled 14 to complete the self-adjustment alignment and achieve coaxiality. The first part to be assembled 9 continues to descend into place, that is, the alignment and assembly of the two parts to be assembled are completed. At the same time, the second guide device 13 and the internal structure of the second part to be assembled 14 assist the first part to be assembled 9 and the second part to be assembled 14 to maintain a high-precision coaxial state. The force sensor 15 monitors the magnitude and force distribution of the assembly pressing force of the lifting slide 4, and the laser displacement sensor 16 monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide 4. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0068] Assembly Step Two: The second assembly step involves aligning the first part to be assembled (9) and the second part to be assembled (14) after the first assembly, with the third part to be assembled (11). The assembly and the horizontal slide 6 are adjusted to be below the third part to be assembled (11). After the laser signal emitted by the laser alignment device 5 aligns with the target center of the target scale 24 and receives the reflected signal, the system identifies that the assembly and the third part to be assembled (11) have completed initial alignment. The system then controls the lifting slide 4 to lower the third part to be assembled (11). The first guide device 2 and the third part to be assembled (11) are then aligned. The auxiliary assembly of the internal structure of the mounting part 11 and the third part to be mounted 11 complete self-adjustment and centering to achieve coaxiality; the third part to be mounted 11 continues to descend into place, that is, the centering and assembly of the two parts to be mounted are completed. At the same time, the first guide device 2 and the auxiliary assembly of the internal structure of the third part to be mounted 11 maintain a high-precision coaxial state with the third part to be mounted 11. The force sensor 15 monitors the magnitude and force distribution of the assembly pressing force of the lifting slide 4, and the laser displacement sensor 16 monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide 4. The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal.

[0069] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0070] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A working method for an assembly equipment for centering and assembling shaft parts with a large length-to-diameter ratio, characterized in that, The large length-to-diameter ratio hole shaft part centering and assembly equipment includes: a first guide device (2), a frame (3), a lifting slide (4), a laser centering device (5), a horizontal slide (6), a base (7), a second guide device (13), and a laser displacement sensor (16). The lifting slide (4) and the horizontal slide (6) are installed on the frame (3). The first part to be installed (9) and the third part to be installed (11) are installed on the lifting slide (4) and move vertically through the lifting slide (4). The second part to be installed (14) is installed on the horizontal slide (6) and moves horizontally through the horizontal slide (6). The laser alignment device (5) is installed on the lifting slide (4), the first guide device (2) is installed on the first part to be installed (9), the second guide device (13) is installed on the second part to be installed (14), the laser alignment target scale (24) is set at both ends of the horizontal slide (6) facing the laser alignment device (5), and a laser displacement sensor (16) is installed on the base (7) and the horizontal slide (6). Includes the following steps: Step S1: The second part to be installed (14) is installed on the second clamping device (12). The first part to be installed (9) and the third part to be installed (11) are respectively installed on the first assembly station and the second assembly station on the lifting slide (4) through a first clamping device (8). The first guide device (2) is installed on the first part to be installed (9), and the second guide device (13) is installed on the second part to be installed (14). Step S2: Move the second part to be assembled (14) to the vertical direction of the first part to be assembled (9) at the first assembly station using the horizontal slide (6), adjust the position of the horizontal slide (6) so that the center of the second guide device (13) at the upper end of the second part to be assembled (14) is located near the center of the first part to be assembled (9) in the vertical direction, and further adjust the alignment using the laser alignment device (5) in conjunction with the target scale (24); Step S3: Start the electric cylinder (1) to make the lifting slide (4) drive the first part to be installed (9) to press down. Through the guidance of the second guide device (13) and the hole-shaft matching of the first part to be installed (9) and the second part to be installed (14), the hole-shaft matching of the first part to be installed (9) and the second part to be installed (14) is completed and pressed into place. During the assembly process, the internal structure of the second guide device (13) and the second part to be installed (14) assists the first part to be installed (9) and the second part to be installed (14) to maintain a coaxial state. The control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor (15) and monitors the position and stroke changes of the lifting slide (4) through the laser displacement sensor (16). The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal. Step S4: Release the clamping and fixing of the first clamping device (8) on the first part to be assembled (9), remove the assembled assembly from the work station where the first part to be assembled (9) is located, and raise the lifting slide (4) to prepare for the next assembly step. Step S5: The first part to be assembled (9) and the second part to be assembled (14) that have been pressed down and assembled for the first time are moved to the third part to be assembled (11) in the vertical direction of the second assembly station by the horizontal slide (6). The position of the horizontal slide (6) is adjusted so that the center of the first guide device (2) of the part to be assembled is located near the center of the third part to be assembled (11) in the vertical direction. The laser centering device (5) is used to further adjust the centering and complete the initial centering. Step S6: Start the electric cylinder (1) to drive the lifting slide (4) to press down the third part to be installed (11). Through the guidance of the first guide device (2) and the hole-shaft matching of the third part to be installed (11) and the assembly of the parts to be installed, the hole-shaft matching of the third part to be installed (11) and the assembly of the parts to be installed is completed and pressed into place. During the assembly process, the control system monitors the magnitude and distribution of the assembly force in real time through the force sensor (15) and monitors the pressing position of the lifting slide (4) through the laser displacement sensor (16). The system automatically stops after recognizing that the assembly is in place or the assembly parameters are abnormal. Step S7: After assembly is completed, loosen the clamping and fixing of the third part to be assembled (11), remove the assembled component from the work station where the third part to be assembled (11) is located, raise the lifting slide (4), remove the first guide device (2) and the second guide device (13), remove the component and transfer it away, and end the assembly.

2. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (3) includes: a top frame (21) and guide columns (22); One end of each of the guide posts (22) is mounted on the base (7), and the other end is mounted on the top frame (21).

3. The working method of the large length-to-diameter ratio bore shaft part alignment and assembly equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal slide (6) includes: an X-axis linear slide rail (17), a Y-axis linear slide rail (18), an X-axis slide (19), and a Y-axis slide (20). The X-axis linear slide rail (17) is mounted on the base (7), the X-axis slide table (19) is slidably connected to the X-axis linear slide rail (17), the Y-axis linear slide rail (18) is mounted on the X-axis slide table (19), and the Y-axis slide table (20) is slidably connected to the Y-axis linear slide rail (18).

4. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: A laser displacement sensor (16) is installed on the Y-axis slide (20).

5. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple force sensors (15) are installed on the Y-axis slide (20); The second clamping device (12) is installed on the side of the force sensor (15) facing the lifting slide (4).

6. The working method of the large length-to-diameter ratio bore shaft part alignment and assembly equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the first part to be installed (9) and the second part to be installed (14) are aligned and assembled, one end of the assembly is installed on the second clamping device (12), and the other end is respectively installed on the second guide device (13) and the first guide device (2). The second guiding device (13) is composed of two halves of a combined structure.

7. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting slide (4) is slidably mounted on the guide column (22), and an electric cylinder (1) is mounted on the top frame (21). The electric cylinder (1) is connected to the lifting slide (4) through the screw rod (10) and drives the lifting slide (4) to move in the vertical direction.

8. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple first clamping devices (8) are installed on the lifting slide (4). The first part to be installed (9) and the third part to be installed (11) are respectively installed on the lifting slide (4) through one of the first clamping devices (8) and move up and down with the lifting slide (4).

9. The working method of the alignment and assembly equipment for large length-to-diameter ratio shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base (7) has a leveling bracket (23) installed at its bottom.

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