Method for controlling metal flow of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer ring forging channel

Abstract

The application relates to a flange eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging channel metal flow line control method and belongs to the bearing ring forging field. The application aims at solving the problem that the existing bearing ring metal flow line control technology cannot meet the requirement of the flow line control of the channel position of the flange eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging. The method comprises the following steps: one, flow line control boss design; two, flow line control boss priority deformation; three, punching, bottom cutting, hole expanding, plane auxiliary and rolling expansion. The application is used for the flange eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging channel metal flow line control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bearing ring forging. Background Technology

[0002] During the forging process, bearing rings form metal streamlines along the direction of metal flow, and bearing failure is closely related to the distribution of these streamlines in the raceway. Therefore, streamline control in the raceway is of great significance. Numerous studies have shown that a reasonable streamline distribution is one where metal streamlines are distributed along the surface of the raceway. With the continuous development of equipment, in order to simultaneously meet requirements such as weight reduction, vibration resistance, strength, and stiffness, complex, irregularly shaped integral structure bearings have become a development trend. The outer ring of an eccentric ball bearing with a flange is a typical example. Its forgings have external steps, eccentric raceways, and inclined inner walls, making metal streamline control in the raceway extremely difficult.

[0003] Previous solutions could not simultaneously meet the requirements of forming the outer ring of an eccentric ball bearing with flanges, featuring external steps, eccentric raceways, and inclined inner walls, as well as controlling the metal flow lines in the raceway. For example, conventional hot forming processes cannot ensure that the metal flow lines remain distributed along the raceway surface after machining of the forging; during the precision cold rolling flow line control method, the material deformation is small, and the ring can only undergo minor deformation, making it difficult to form complex structures within the ring and unsuitable for controlling the metal flow lines in the raceway of an eccentric ball bearing with flanges. Therefore, a method for controlling the metal flow lines in the raceway of an eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with flanges is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address the limitation of existing bearing ring metal flow line control technologies in meeting the requirements for flow line control in the raceway of flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forgings, and thus provides a method for controlling the metal flow line in the raceway of flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forgings.

[0005] A method for controlling the flow lines of metal in the raceway of an eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with a flange, comprising the following steps:

[0006] I. Streamline Control Boss Design:

[0007] The flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component specifically consists of a flange circumferentially positioned at one end of the outer ring. Based on this, a flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is designed. Let the groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component be r1, and the groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging be r2. The center of the groove in the component coincides with the center of the groove in the forging, and r1 - 5mm ≤ r2 ≤ r1. The outer wall of the eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is designed with a streamlined control boss. The center line of the streamlined control boss coincides with the center line of the forging groove. Let the axial dimension of the streamlined control boss be a, the radial dimension of the streamlined control boss be b, the wall thickness of the eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with flange be t, and the transition fillet between the streamlined control boss and the outer wall of the forging be R. 1.5×r2≤a≤2.5×r2, 0.8×t≤b≤1.2×t, 0.5×b≤R≤b;

[0008] II. Streamlined control of priority deformation of bosses:

[0009] The billet is heated and then upset to obtain an upset billet. The upset billet is placed inside the lower forming die, and the upper forming die moves downward to obtain a pre-formed billet.

[0010] The forming lower die is formed by sequentially connecting the forming bottom die, the forming ring and the lower die ring. The upper part of the inner wall of the forming ring is provided with an annular boss along the circumferential direction. Let the maximum outer diameter of the upsetting blank be c, and the inner diameter of the annular boss of the forming ring be d, where d-5mm≤c≤d-1mm.

[0011] III. Punching - Bottom Cutting - Hole Enlarging - Flattening - Rolling:

[0012] The preformed blank is taken out and punched with a punching punch. After punching, the bottom is cut, the hole is enlarged, the pair is flattened and rolled, thus completing the method of controlling the metal flow line of the groove of the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with flange.

[0013] Let the diameter of the punch tip be e, and 0.2d≤e≤0.3d.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] This invention, through forging design, adds a streamline control boss, which enables preferential flow at the streamline control boss, forming a reasonable metal flow trend in the groove. Subsequent punching, bottom cutting, hole enlargement, and flattening operations are designed to maintain the metal flow characteristics in the groove. Finally, by rolling and expanding the groove and other features of the inner wall with irregular cross-section, the surface distribution of metal flow lines in the outer ring groove of the flanged eccentric ball bearing is controlled.

[0016] This invention relates to a method for controlling the flow lines of metal in the groove of an eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with a flange. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with flange of the present invention. 1 is the streamline control boss, 2 is the outer ring part of the eccentric ball bearing with flange, and 3 is the flange.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lower forming die and upper forming die in step two of embodiment one. 4 is the upper forming die, 5 is the upsetting blank, 6 is the lower die ring, 7 is the forming ring, 7-1 is the annular boss, 8 is the bottom forming die, 8-1 is the central boss, 9 is the cavity between the inner wall of the forming ring and the central boss, and 10 is the cavity between the inner wall of the lower die ring, the end of the upper forming die, and the end of the forming ring.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the evolution of the metal flow lines in the groove of the outer ring forging of an eccentric ball bearing with a flange, as shown in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a photograph of the flanged outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing prepared in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 5 The image shows the streamline distribution of the outer ring forging of the flanged eccentric ball bearing prepared in Example 1 after removing the machining allowance.

[0022] Figure 6 For comparison, an experimental diagram showing the evolution of the metal flow lines in the groove of the outer ring forging of an eccentric ball bearing with a flange is presented. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

[0024] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 Specifically, this embodiment describes a method for controlling the flow lines of metal in the raceway of an eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with a flange. It is carried out according to the following steps:

[0025] I. Streamline Control Boss Design:

[0026] The flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component specifically consists of a flange circumferentially positioned at one end of the outer ring. Based on this, a flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is designed. Let the groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component be r1, and the groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging be r2. The center of the groove in the component coincides with the center of the groove in the forging, and r1 - 5mm ≤ r2 ≤ r1. The outer wall of the eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is designed with a streamlined control boss. The center line of the streamlined control boss coincides with the center line of the forging groove. Let the axial dimension of the streamlined control boss be a, the radial dimension of the streamlined control boss be b, the wall thickness of the eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with flange be t, and the transition fillet between the streamlined control boss and the outer wall of the forging be R. 1.5×r2≤a≤2.5×r2, 0.8×t≤b≤1.2×t, 0.5×b≤R≤b;

[0027] II. Streamlined control of priority deformation of bosses:

[0028] The billet is heated and then upset to obtain an upset billet. The upset billet is placed inside the lower forming die, and the upper forming die moves downward to obtain a pre-formed billet.

[0029] The forming lower die is formed by sequentially connecting the forming bottom die, the forming ring and the lower die ring. The upper part of the inner wall of the forming ring is provided with an annular boss along the circumferential direction. Let the maximum outer diameter of the upsetting blank be c, and the inner diameter of the annular boss of the forming ring be d, where d-5mm≤c≤d-1mm.

[0030] III. Punching - Bottom Cutting - Hole Enlarging - Flattening - Rolling:

[0031] The preformed blank is taken out and punched with a punching punch. After punching, the bottom is cut, the hole is enlarged, the pair is flattened and rolled, thus completing the method of controlling the metal flow line of the groove of the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with flange.

[0032] Let the diameter of the punch tip be e, and 0.2d≤e≤0.3d.

[0033] In step three of this specific implementation method, the outer ring groove and internal slope of the eccentric ball bearing with flange edge are formed by rolling and expanding.

[0034] In this specific embodiment, the lower forming die and the upper forming die restrict the flow of the blank, causing the streamline control boss to deform preferentially, thereby obtaining a reasonable metal flow line inside.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are:

[0036] This embodiment uses forging design to add a streamline control boss, which allows the streamline control boss to flow preferentially, forming a reasonable metal flow trend in the groove. Subsequent punching, bottom cutting, hole enlargement, and flattening operations are designed to maintain the metal flow characteristics in the groove. Finally, the groove and other inner wall features are formed by rolling and expanding the irregular cross section, controlling the surface distribution of metal flow lines in the outer ring groove of the flanged eccentric ball bearing.

[0037] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the billet material mentioned in step two is 8Cr4Mo4V. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0038] Specific Implementation Method Three: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One or Two in that the upsetting ratio in step two is ≤1.4. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One or Two.

[0039] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Three in that, in step two, the upper forming mold descends under the guidance of the lower mold collar. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Three.

[0040] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Four in that a central boss is provided on the upper surface of the forming bottom mold described in step two. Everything else is the same as Specific Implementation Methods One to Four.

[0041] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Five in that: during step two, when the upper forming die descends, the blank material gathered in the cavity between the inner wall of the forming ring and the central boss forms the flange edge. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Five.

[0042] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Six in that: in step two, when the upper forming die descends, the blank material gathered on the inner wall of the lower die ring and in the cavity between the end of the upper forming die and the end of the forming ring forms a streamline control boss. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Six.

[0043] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Seven in that the skin attached after punching in step three is located at the bottom of the blank. Everything else is the same as Specific Implementation Methods One to Seven.

[0044] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight in that: in step three, a reaming punch is used to perform multiple reaming passes, and the billet is flipped before each reaming pass. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight.

[0045] Specific Implementation Method Ten: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Nine in that the angle of the punch in step three is set to α, where 10°≤α≤20°. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Methods One to Nine.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are verified using the following embodiments:

[0047] Example 1, combined with Figure 2 Detailed explanation:

[0048] A method for controlling the flow lines of metal in the raceway of an eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging with a flange, comprising the following steps:

[0049] I. Streamline Control Boss Design:

[0050] The flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component specifically consists of a flange circumferentially positioned at one end of the outer ring. Based on this, a flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is designed. The groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring component is set to r1, where r1 = 11 mm. The groove radius of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging is set to r2, where r2 = 9.5 mm. The center of the groove in the component coincides with the center of the groove in the forging. A streamlined control boss is designed on the outer wall of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging. The center line of the streamlined control boss coincides with the center line of the forging groove. Let the axial dimension of the streamlined control boss be a, and a = 18 mm. Let the radial dimension of the streamlined control boss be b, and b = 20 mm. Let the wall thickness of the flanged eccentric ball bearing outer ring forging be t, and t = 25 mm. Let the transition radius between the streamlined control boss and the outer wall of the forging be R, and R = 10 mm.

[0051] II. Streamlined control of priority deformation of bosses:

[0052] The billet is heated and then upset to obtain an upset billet. The upset billet is placed inside the lower forming die, and the upper forming die moves downward to obtain a pre-formed billet.

[0053] The forming lower die is formed by sequentially connecting a forming bottom die, a forming ring, and a lower die ring. An annular boss is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the forming ring along the circumferential direction. The maximum outer diameter of the upset blank is c, and c = 130 mm. The length of the upset blank is 130 mm. The height-to-diameter ratio of the upset blank is 1. The inner diameter of the annular boss of the forming ring is d, and d = 132 mm.

[0054] III. Punching - Bottom Cutting - Hole Enlarging - Flattening - Rolling:

[0055] The preformed blank is taken out and punched with a punching punch. After punching, the bottom is cut, the hole is enlarged, the pair is flattened and rolled to obtain the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with flange. This completes the method of controlling the flow line of the groove metal of the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with flange.

[0056] Let the angle of the punch be α, and α = 10°; let the diameter of the punch tip be e, and e = 30 mm.

[0057] In step two, the billet is heated and then gently upset to remove the oxide scale.

[0058] The billet material mentioned in step two is 8Cr4Mo4V.

[0059] In step two, the upsetting ratio is 1.

[0060] In step two, the upper forming die descends under the guidance of the lower die ring.

[0061] A central boss is provided on the upper surface of the forming bottom mold described in step two.

[0062] In step two, when the upper forming die moves downward, the blank material gathered in the cavity between the inner wall of the forming ring and the central boss forms the flange edge.

[0063] In step two, when the upper forming die descends, the blank material gathered on the inner wall of the lower die ring and in the cavity between the end of the upper forming die and the end of the forming ring forms a streamline control boss.

[0064] In step three, the skin after punching is located at the bottom of the blank.

[0065] In step three, a reaming punch is used to ream the hole in multiple passes until the inner diameter reaches 110mm. Before each reaming pass, the billet is flipped over.

[0066] In step three, the horizontal pad height is increased to 80mm.

[0067] Comparative Experiment 1: This comparative experiment differs from Example 1 in that: in step 1, no streamline control boss was set, and conventional streamline control was used for channel streamline control, i.e., the process route of upsetting-punching-bottom cutting-hole reaming-ring part local upsetting-rolling forming was adopted; in step 1, no streamline control boss was set; in step 2, only upsetting was performed, with a billet diameter of 96mm, a length of 167mm, a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.74, an upsetting height of 120mm, and an upsetting ratio of 1.4; in step 3, the punching, bottom cutting, and hole reaming steps were the same as in Example 1; the flange part was formed by local upsetting of the ring part, followed by rolling forming.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the evolution of the metal flow lines in the groove of the outer ring forging of an eccentric ball bearing with a flange in Example 1. As can be seen from the diagram, the metal flow lines are still distributed along the groove after machining.

[0069] Figure 4 The image shows a physical picture of the flanged outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing prepared in Example 1; as can be seen from the picture, the forging is well filled.

[0070] Figure 5 The figure shows the streamline distribution of the outer ring forging of the flanged eccentric ball bearing prepared in Example 1 after removing the machining allowance; as can be seen from the figure, the metal streamlines are still distributed along the groove after machining.

[0071] Figure 6 To compare the evolution of the metal flow lines in the groove of the outer ring forging of the eccentric ball bearing with a flange in the experiment; as can be seen from the figure, after machining, most of the metal flow lines are exposed in the groove.

Claims

1. A method of controlling the flow of metal in a channel of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer race forging, comprising the steps of: It is carried out according to the following steps: ​ I. Streamline control boss design: The eccentric bearing outer ring part with flange is characterized in that a flange is arranged on the outer wall of the eccentric bearing outer ring part with flange, and the flange is arranged on the outer wall of the eccentric bearing outer ring part with flange. II. Streamline control boss preferential deformation: The blank is heated and then upset to obtain an upset blank, and the upset blank is placed in the forming lower die, and the forming upper die is lowered to obtain a pre-formed blank. The forming lower die is sequentially sleeved by a forming bottom die, a forming sleeve and a lower die sleeve, and an annular boss is arranged on the inner wall of the forming sleeve; the maximum outer diameter of the upset blank is c, and the inner diameter of the annular boss of the forming sleeve is d, d-5mm≤c≤d-1mm; III. Punching-bottom cutting-bore expanding-flattening-rolling expansion: The pre-formed blank is taken out, punched by a punching punch, and then sequentially subjected to bottom cutting, bore expanding, flattening and rolling expansion to complete the metal streamline control method of the eccentric bearing outer ring part with flange; The diameter of the front end of the punching punch is e, and 0.2d≤e≤0.3d.

2. A method of controlling the flow of metal in the channel of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer race forging according to claim 1, characterized in that The blank material in step 2 is 8Cr4Mo4V.

3. A method of controlling the flow of metal in the channel of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer race forging as defined in claim 1, wherein The upsetting ratio of the upsetting in step 2 is ≤1.

4.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein The forming upper die in step 2 is lowered under the guidance of the lower die sleeve.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein The center boss is arranged on the upper surface of the forming bottom die in step 2.

6. A method of controlling the flow of metal in the channel of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer race forging as set forth in claim 5, characterized in that When the forming upper die is lowered in step 2, the blank gathered in the cavity between the inner wall of the forming sleeve and the center boss forms the flange part.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein When the forming upper die is lowered in step 2, the blank gathered in the cavity between the inner wall of the lower die sleeve, the end of the forming upper die and the end of the forming sleeve forms the streamline control boss part.

8. A method of controlling the flow of metal in the channel of a flanged eccentric spherical bearing outer race forging as defined in claim 1 wherein The skin after punching in step 3 is located at the bottom of the blank.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the flange eccentric spherical bearing outer ring forging channel metal flow line control method is characterized by In step 3, a plurality of times of bore expanding is carried out by using a bore expanding punch, and before each time of bore expanding, the blank is turned over.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the flange eccentric spherical bearing outer ring forging channel metal flow line control method is characterized by The angle of the punching punch in step 3 is α, and 10°≤α≤20°.

Images