An adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and motor

Abstract

This invention provides an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and a motor. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing includes: a base plate, a top foil, a first layer of foil, and a second layer of corrugated foil. Both the first and second layers of corrugated foil are axially disposed between the base plate and the top foil. The first layer of foil includes a first foil bearing area located at a first radial position, which is either a corrugated foil structure or a flat foil structure. The second layer of corrugated foil includes a second corrugated foil also located at a first radial position, and includes alternating second corrugated foil support ends and second corrugated foil flat sections arranged circumferentially. Along the axial direction, the second corrugated foil support end is located between the first corrugated foil support end or between the first flat foil and the top foil. This invention, employing an axial double-layer corrugated foil + one-layer top foil / double-layer flat foil + one-layer corrugated foil structure, effectively increases the bearing stiffness, prevents bearing failure due to excessive deformation under heavy loads, and improves the bearing's load-bearing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas bearing technology, specifically to an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and a motor. Background Technology

[0002] Gas hydrodynamic bearings have advantages such as high precision, no pollution, high speed and simple structure. They have been widely used in high-speed rotating machinery such as oilless turbines of aero engines, cryogenic expanders and air circulation machines of aircraft, both at home and abroad.

[0003] like Figure 1 CN 113719530A discloses a gas thrust bearing, compressor, and air conditioning system. The gas thrust bearing includes: a bearing housing 1'; a smooth foil 4', one end of which is a fixed end connected to the bearing housing 1' in the circumferential direction; a first wave foil 3', disposed between the smooth foil 4' and the bearing housing 1' and extending in the circumferential direction, with the end of the first wave foil 3' near the fixed end of the smooth foil 4' connected to the bearing housing 1', and the end of the first wave foil 3' away from the fixed end of the smooth foil 4' being a free end; and a second wave foil 2', disposed between the first wave foil 3' and the bearing housing 1', located at the free end of the first wave foil 3'. However, this bearing structure has two layers of wave foil arranged in the circumferential direction, and the fixed ends of the wave foils are inconsistent, causing assembly difficulties and making it impossible to guarantee the consistency of bearing parameters. The wave foil near the free end has a relatively large arch height relative to the free end, resulting in a relatively small gas film near the free end, which will cause the top foil at this location to be easily worn during operation.

[0004] like Figure 2 CN 106763151 A proposes a thrust air foil bearing with high load-bearing capacity, comprising: a bearing housing, a locating pin, a first layer of corrugated foil, a second layer of corrugated foil, a third layer of corrugated foil, and a top foil. Due to differences in the corrugated foil support structure, each lobe of the bearing is divided into three regions: a first wedge-shaped region, a low-stiffness region, and a high-stiffness region. The different arc lengths of the upper and lower layers of corrugated foil, when aligned at one end, create a height difference at the other end due to the foil thickness, forming multiple wedge-shaped regions that further compress the air film and enhance the load-bearing capacity of the thrust bearing. However, this thrust bearing structure has as many as three corrugated foil layers, requiring high precision in manufacturing and assembly. Interference between the corrugated foils is prone to occur, and the excessive stiffness of the corrugated foil results in minimal overall bearing deformation, leading to accelerated wear on the top foil surface and reduced bearing life and load-bearing performance.

[0005] In summary, the original technical solution of dynamic pressure air-floating thrust bearing has problems such as difficulty in bearing preparation and assembly, poor consistency, easy wear, and poor load-bearing performance.

[0006] Because existing hydrodynamic air-bearing thrust bearings suffer from problems such as low bearing stiffness leading to poor load-bearing performance and low damping leading to easy wear, this invention studies and designs an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and a motor. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of poor load-bearing performance caused by low bearing stiffness in the existing dynamic pressure air bearing, thereby providing an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and motor.

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention provides an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing, comprising:

[0009] The package includes a top foil, a bottom film, a first layer foil, and a second layer corrugated foil. The top foil, the bottom film, the first layer foil, and the second layer corrugated foil are all annular structures with the same axial direction. The first layer foil and the second layer corrugated foil are both disposed between the top foil and the bottom film along the axial direction.

[0010] The first foil layer includes a first foil carrying area located at a first radial position. The first foil carrying area is a corrugated foil structure or a flat foil structure. The second corrugated foil layer includes a second corrugated foil carrying area also located at the first radial position. The second corrugated foil carrying area includes a second corrugated foil support end and a second corrugated foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. When the first foil carrying area is a corrugated foil structure, the first foil carrying area includes a first corrugated foil support end and a first corrugated foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first corrugated foil support end is located between the second corrugated foil support end and the top foil in the axial direction. When the first foil carrying area is a flat foil structure, the first foil carrying area includes a first flat foil. The first flat foil is located between the second corrugated foil support end and the top foil in the axial direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the first foil bearing area is a corrugated foil structure, and the first foil bearing area includes a first corrugated foil support end and a first corrugated foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction:

[0012] The second wave foil flat section is connected to the substrate. The first wave foil flat section is disposed on the side of the second wave foil flat section facing the top foil. The first wave foil support end and the second wave foil support end are opposite each other in the axial direction. The first wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the first wave foil flat section, and the second wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the second wave foil flat section. When the force on the side of the top foil away from the substrate in the axial direction is 0 or less than a first preset force, the second wave foil support end and the first wave foil support end are spaced apart, such that the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end and the top foil.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second layer of corrugated foil further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area two disposed at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area two includes a third corrugated foil support end and a third corrugated foil flat section alternately disposed in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end protrudes toward the top foil relative to the third corrugated foil flat section. The first layer of foil is not provided with corrugated foil at the second radial position. When the force borne by the top foil on the side axially away from the substrate is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the first corrugated foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end and the top foil, and the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the second corrugated foil support end and the top foil.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the third wave foil support end is opposite to the second wave foil flat section, and the third wave foil flat section is opposite to the second wave foil support end.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a first preset force and less than a second preset force, the first wave foil support end contacts the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and there is still a gap between the first wave foil support end and the second wave foil support end, wherein the second preset force is greater than the first preset force.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a second preset force and less than a third preset force, the first wave foil support end contacts the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end contacts the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the first wave foil support end and the second wave foil support end, wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a third preset force, the first wave foil support end contacts the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end contacts the top foil and deforms, and the second wave foil support end contacts the first wave foil support end and deforms.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first foil layer further includes a first foil support area two located at a radial third position. The first foil support area two includes a fourth foil support end and a fourth foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The second foil layer further includes a second foil support area three also located at the radial third position. The second foil support area three includes a fifth foil support end and a fifth foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The radial first position, the radial second position, and the radial third position are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside in the radial direction. The fourth foil support end is located between the fifth foil support end and the top foil in the axial direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the fifth wave foil flat section is connected to the film, the fourth wave foil flat section is disposed on the side of the fifth wave foil flat section facing the top foil, the fourth wave foil support end and the fifth wave foil support end are opposite each other in the axial direction, the fourth wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the fourth wave foil flat section, and the fifth wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the fifth wave foil flat section.

[0020] When the force on the side of the top foil away from the substrate along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the fourth wave foil support end and the fifth wave foil support end are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end and the top foil.

[0021] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end is opposite to the third wave foil flat section, and the fifth wave foil flat section is opposite to the third wave foil support end.

[0022] In some implementations, when a second preset force and a third preset force are also included:

[0023] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the fourth wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end and the fourth wave foil support end.

[0024] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end and the fourth wave foil support end.

[0025] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end comes into contact with the fourth wave foil support end and deforms.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil facing away from the substrate along the axial direction is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end and the top foil along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end and the top foil, and the minimum axial distance between the fifth wave foil support end and the top foil along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end and the top foil.

[0027] In some embodiments, the top foil includes a top foil flat section and a top foil carrying area. The top foil flat section is located radially outside the top foil carrying area. The top foil carrying area is opposite to the area formed by the combined radial first position, the radial second position, and the radial third position along the axial direction. The backing sheet includes a backing sheet flat section, which is opposite to the top foil flat section in the axial direction. A first positioning hole is provided on the top foil flat section, and a fourth positioning hole is provided on the backing sheet flat section. The first layer foil includes a first outer foil flat section connected to the radially outside of the first foil carrying area. The first outer foil flat section has a second positioning hole along the axial direction. The second layer corrugated foil includes a second outer corrugated foil flat section connected to the radially outside of the second corrugated foil carrying area. The second outer corrugated foil flat section has a third positioning hole along the axial direction. The first positioning hole, the second positioning hole, the third positioning hole, and the fourth positioning hole are all opposite each other along the axial direction, so that a positioning element passes through the three holes simultaneously to fix the top foil flat section, the first outer foil flat section, the second corrugated foil flat section, and the backing sheet flat section as a whole.

[0028] In some embodiments, when the first foil carrying area is a flat foil structure, and the first foil carrying area includes a first flat foil:

[0029] The second wave foil flat section is connected to the substrate, and the second wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the second wave foil flat section. When the force on the side of the top foil away from the substrate along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second wave foil support end and the first flat foil are spaced apart, so that the minimum distance between the first flat foil and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end and the top foil.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second layer of corrugated foil further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area two disposed at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area two includes a third corrugated foil support end and a third corrugated foil flat section alternately disposed in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end protrudes toward the top foil relative to the third corrugated foil flat section. The first layer of foil is not provided with corrugated foil at the second radial position. When the force borne by the top foil on the side axially away from the substrate is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the first flat foil and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end and the top foil, and the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the second corrugated foil support end and the top foil.

[0031] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the third wave foil support end is opposite to the second wave foil flat section, and the third wave foil flat section is opposite to the second wave foil support end.

[0032] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a first preset force and less than a second preset force, the first flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and there is still a gap between the first flat foil and the second wave foil support end, wherein the second preset force is greater than the first preset force.

[0033] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a second preset force and less than a third preset force, the first flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the first flat foil and the second wave foil support end, wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force.

[0034] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than a third preset force, the first flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and the first flat foil comes into contact with the second wave foil support end and deforms.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first foil layer further includes a first foil bearing area two located at a radial third position. The first foil bearing area two is a flat foil structure, including a second flat foil. The second corrugated foil layer further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area three also located at the radial third position. The second corrugated foil bearing area three includes a fifth corrugated foil support end and a fifth corrugated foil flat section alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The radial first position, the radial second position, and the radial third position are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside in the radial direction. The second flat foil is located between the fifth corrugated foil support end and the top foil in the axial direction.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fifth wave foil flat section is connected to the film, and the fifth wave foil support end protrudes towards the top foil relative to the fifth wave foil flat section.

[0037] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second flat foil and the fifth wave foil support end are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the second flat foil and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end and the top foil.

[0038] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end is opposite to the third wave foil flat section, and the fifth wave foil flat section is opposite to the third wave foil support end.

[0039] In some implementations, when a second preset force and a third preset force are also included:

[0040] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the second flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end and the second flat foil.

[0041] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the second flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end and the second flat foil.

[0042] When the force on the side of the top foil that is axially away from the substrate is greater than the third preset force, the second flat foil comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, the third wave foil support end comes into contact with the top foil and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end comes into contact with the second flat foil and deforms.

[0043] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil opposite to the substrate along the axial direction is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the second flat foil and the top foil along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first flat foil and the top foil.

[0044] In some embodiments, the top foil includes a top foil flat section and a top foil carrying area. The top foil flat section is located radially outside the top foil carrying area. The top foil carrying area is opposite to the area formed by the combined radial first position, the radial second position, and the radial third position along the axial direction. The backing sheet includes a backing sheet flat section, which is opposite to the top foil flat section in the axial direction. A first positioning hole is provided on the top foil flat section, and a fourth positioning hole is provided on the backing sheet flat section. The first layer foil includes a first foil outer flat section connected to the radially outside of the first flat foil. The first foil outer flat section has a second positioning hole along the axial direction. The second layer corrugated foil includes a second corrugated foil outer flat section connected to the radially outside of the second corrugated foil carrying area. The second corrugated foil outer flat section has a third positioning hole along the axial direction. The first positioning hole, the second positioning hole, the third positioning hole, and the fourth positioning hole are all opposite each other along the axial direction, so that a positioning element passes through all four holes simultaneously to fix the top foil flat section, the first foil outer flat section, the second corrugated foil outer flat section, and the backing sheet flat section as a whole.

[0045] The present invention also provides an electric motor comprising the aforementioned adaptive foil gas thrust bearing.

[0046] The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and motor provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. This invention, by setting a first layer of foil (corrugated foil or flat foil) and a second layer of corrugated foil between the substrate and the top foil in the axial direction, and with the first corrugated foil support end of the first layer of foil or the first flat foil located between the second corrugated foil support end of the second layer of foil and the top foil in the axial direction, can form a double-layer foil (top foil and two layers of corrugated foil, or top foil, one layer of flat foil and one layer of corrugated foil) support structure for the top foil at a radially first position. The axial double-layer corrugated foil + one layer of top foil / double-layer flat foil + one layer of corrugated foil structure can effectively increase the bearing stiffness, prevent large deformation, especially under high load conditions at the radially first position, which could lead to bearing failure, improve bearing stiffness, and enhance bearing load-bearing capacity; and this invention… The second wave foil bearing area (including the third wave foil support end and the third wave foil flat section) is set at the second radial position of the second wave foil. When the third wave foil support end is not under force or the force is less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between it and the top foil is greater than the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end and the top foil. This allows the high-rise arch foil at both ends of the radial direction to have small stiffness and large deformation (closer to the top foil), while the third wave foil support end in the radial middle has large support stiffness and small deformation. The third wave foil support end provides effective elastic support for the top foil, effectively preventing the situation where the air film gap at both ends of the radial direction is small and the wear is severe. It also adjusts the axial stiffness of the foil, coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the bearing's impact resistance, and avoids bearing wear.

[0048] 2. Furthermore, the height of the third wave foil support end located in the radial middle section (radial second position) of the present invention is less than the height of the first and fourth wave foil support ends (height of the high-layer wave foil support ends) at both ends. This allows for the formation of a larger gas film thickness in the radial middle section, resulting in a structure with a smaller gas film thickness at both ends and a larger gas film thickness in the middle. The radial middle gas film effectively supports the top foil, and the smaller gas film thickness at both ends effectively prevents gas leakage from both ends, improving the gas leakage phenomenon and enhancing the bearing load-bearing performance.

[0049] 3. The height of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section (radial second position) of the present invention is less than the height of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends at both ends (height of the high-layer corrugated foil support end), and greater than the height of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends at both ends (height of the low-layer corrugated foil support ends at both radial ends). This allows the top foil to be supported by gas first, then by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with gas support, then by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section combined with gas support, and finally by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section combined with gas support, and finally by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section combined with the deformation of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends combined with gas support. This allows for adaptive support using appropriate corrugated foils according to different loads, providing sufficient elastic deformation, reducing wear, preventing excessive deformation, improving load-bearing performance, and enhancing the versatility of the bearing. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of background technology 1;

[0051] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 1', bearing housing; 2', second wave foil; 3', first wave foil; 4', smooth foil; 5', one end of the air intake; 6', thrust plate; 7', height transition section; 8', air intake.

[0052] Figure 2 The structure of background technology 2 Figure 1 ;

[0053] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1”, bearing housing; 2”, locating pin; 3”, first layer of corrugated foil; 4”, second layer of corrugated foil; 5”, third layer of corrugated foil; 6”, top foil; 7”, thrust plate.

[0054] Figure 3 This is an axial front view of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the main embodiment of the present invention (the top foil is partially hidden on one side (marked 1), the top foil is partially hidden (marked 2), the top foil + first layer foil is partially hidden (marked 3), the top foil + first layer foil + second layer corrugated foil is partially hidden (marked 4), and the view is obtained by projection).

[0055] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged views of the foil structure as seen from the radial outer side to the radial inner side at the first and second radial positions;

[0056] Figure 5 This is an axial front view of the top foil of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing in the main embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6This is an axial front view of the first foil (wave foil) of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing in the main embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is an axial front view of the second layer of wave foil in the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the main embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8 This is an axial front view of the substrate of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the main embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 9 yes Figure 3 Enlarged views of the foil structure viewed from the radial inside to the radial outside at the first and second radial positions;

[0061] Figure 10 This is an axial front view of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of an alternative embodiment of the present invention (the top foil is partially hidden on one side (marked 1), the top foil is partially hidden (marked 2), the top foil is partially hidden + the first layer foil (marked 3), and the top foil is partially hidden + the first layer foil + the second layer corrugated foil (marked 4), and the view is obtained by projection).

[0062] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Enlarged views of the foil structure as seen from the radial outer side to the radial inner side at the first and second radial positions;

[0063] Figure 12 This is an axial front view of the top foil of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing in an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 13 This is an axial front view of the first foil (flat foil) of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing in an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 14 This is an axial front view of the second layer of wave foil in the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 15 This is an axial front view of the substrate of the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 16 yes Figure 10 Enlarged views of the foil structure viewed from the radial inside to the radial outside at the first and second radial positions.

[0068] Figure 4-16 The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0069] 1. Top foil; 1-1. Flat section of top foil; 1-2. Top foil bearing area; 1-3. First positioning hole; 2. First layer foil; 2-1. Outer flat section of first foil; 2-2. Bearing area one of first foil; 2-21. Support end of first wave foil; 2-22. Flat section of first wave foil; 2-23. First flat foil; 2-3. Bearing area two of first foil; 2-31. Support end of fourth wave foil; 2-32. Flat section of fourth wave foil; 2-33. Second flat foil; 2-4. Second positioning hole; 3. Second layer foil Foil; 3-1, outer flat section of the second wave foil; 3-2, bearing area one of the second wave foil; 3-21, support end of the second wave foil; 3-22, flat section of the second wave foil; 3-3, bearing area two of the second wave foil; 3-31, support end of the third wave foil; 3-32, flat section of the third wave foil; 3-4, bearing area three of the second wave foil; 3-41, support end of the fifth wave foil; 3-42, flat section of the fifth wave foil; 3-5, third positioning hole; 4, film; 4-1, flat section of film; 4-2, fourth positioning hole. Detailed Implementation

[0070] like Figure 3-16 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing, which includes:

[0071] The components include a top foil 1 (also commonly referred to as a flat foil), a backing film 4, a first layer foil 2, and a second layer corrugated foil 3. The top foil 1, the backing film 4, the first layer foil 2, and the second layer corrugated foil 3 are all annular structures with the same axial direction. The four components are stacked along the axial direction. The first layer foil 2 and the second layer corrugated foil 3 are both disposed (stacked) between the top foil 1 and the backing film 4 along the axial direction.

[0072] The first foil layer 2 includes a first foil bearing area 2-2 located at a first radial position. The first foil bearing area 2-2 is a corrugated foil structure or a flat foil structure. The second corrugated foil layer 3 includes a second corrugated foil bearing area 3-2 also located at the first radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area 3-2 includes a second corrugated foil support end 3-21 and a second corrugated foil flat section 3-22 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. When the first foil bearing area 2-2 is a corrugated foil structure, the first foil bearing area 2-2 includes a first corrugated foil support end 2-21 and a first corrugated foil flat section 2-22 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first corrugated foil support end 2-21 is located between the second corrugated foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1 in the axial direction. When the first foil bearing area 2-2 is a flat foil structure, the first foil bearing area 2-2 includes a first flat foil 2-23. The first flat foil 2-23 is located between the second corrugated foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1 in the axial direction. The top foil, the first foil, and the second corrugated foil of the present invention are preferably made of alloy materials (more preferably nickel-based alloys), and the substrate material is preferably made of stainless steel.

[0073] This invention provides a double-layer foil (either corrugated or flat) and a second corrugated foil between the substrate and the top foil in the axial direction. The first corrugated foil support end of the first layer or the first flat foil is located between the second corrugated foil support end of the second layer and the top foil in the axial direction. This creates a support structure for the top foil at a radially first position, forming a double-layer foil (top foil and two corrugated foils, or top foil, one flat foil, and one corrugated foil). The axial double-layer corrugated foil + one top foil / double-layer flat foil + one corrugated foil structure effectively increases the bearing stiffness, preventing significant deformation, especially under heavy loads at the radially first position, which could lead to bearing failure. This improves the bearing's stiffness and load-bearing capacity.

[0074] This invention provides an adaptive foil gas thrust bearing and motor structure, which improves the consistency of the bearing's circumferential support stiffness (i.e., by alternately setting the first wave foil support end / first flat foil + second wave foil support end and third wave foil support end in the circumferential direction to ensure support at different positions), thereby improving the bearing's support stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and operational stability. It also increases bearing damping and reduces bearing wear. This invention solves the problems of difficult bearing manufacturing and assembly, poor consistency, easy wear, and poor load-bearing capacity in existing axial foil gas hydrodynamic bearings, and coordinates the axial deformation of radial bearings under different load conditions. It effectively improves bearing gas end leakage, enhancing the bearing's vibration resistance, load-bearing capacity, and wear resistance.

[0075] The inventive point of this invention is:

[0076] 1. By adopting a double-layer corrugated foil structure or a single corrugated foil + a single flat foil, the stiffness and damping of the bearing are increased. The gas film thickness is smaller on both sides and larger in the middle, which effectively improves the gas end leakage phenomenon and enhances the bearing load-bearing performance (this effect is achieved under both light and heavy loads). This invention increases the damping by using the third corrugated foil support end 3-31 and the first corrugated foil support end 2-21 to prevent excessive slippage to both sides and prevent or reduce wear.

[0077] 2. This invention adopts a three-section arch foil structure. The arch foils are staggered and have different heights. The arch foils on both sides of the axis have low support stiffness and large deformation, while the arch foils in the middle area have high support stiffness and small deformation (the function is to prevent the middle air gap from being too large and to prevent wear caused by the small air film gap at both ends). Adjusting the axial stiffness of the foils coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the bearing's impact resistance, and avoids bearing wear.

[0078] 3. The axial thrust bearing of this invention is divided into three sections along the radial direction. The two ends of the radial section have a structure of two layers of arched foil + one layer of top foil (or two layers of flat foil + one layer of corrugated foil), and the middle section of the radial section has a structure of one layer of arched foil + one layer of top foil (or two layers of flat foil). The height of the foil in the middle section is greater than the height of the lower arched foil at both ends, but lower than the height of the upper arched foil or flat foil at both ends; this allows it to provide different and required load-bearing capacities as the load increases, improving load-bearing performance and enhancing the versatility of the bearing.

[0079] Main Implementation

[0080] like Figure 3-9 In some embodiments, when the first foil bearing area 2-2 is a corrugated foil structure, and the first foil bearing area 2-2 includes a first corrugated foil support end 2-21 and a first corrugated foil flat section 2-22 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction:

[0081] The second wave foil flat section 3-22 is connected to the substrate 4. The first wave foil flat section 2-22 is disposed on the side of the second wave foil flat section 3-22 facing the top foil 1. The first wave foil support end 2-21 and the second wave foil support end 3-21 are opposite each other in the axial direction. The first wave foil support end 2-21 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the first wave foil flat section 2-22, and the second wave foil support end 3-21 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the second wave foil flat section 3-22. When the force on the side of the top foil 1 away from the substrate 4 in the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the first wave foil support end 2-21 are spaced apart, such that the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end 2-21 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1.

[0082] This is the preferred connection and positional relationship between the first bearing area of ​​the first foil layer and the second bearing area of ​​the second corrugated foil layer of the present invention. That is, the flat section of the second corrugated foil is connected to the substrate, and the flat section of the first corrugated foil is disposed on the flat section of the second corrugated foil, so that the first corrugated foil support end is located between the second corrugated foil support end and the top foil. When the top foil is not under force or is under a small force, the first preset force is greater than 0, the first corrugated foil support end does not deform or deforms only slightly, and a gap is formed between the first corrugated foil support end and the second corrugated foil support end, so that gas can be contained in the gap to form a gas film to support the first corrugated foil support end, forming a double support structure, which improves the (thrust) support capacity of the top foil. Furthermore, according to the increase of the force, the first corrugated foil support end deforms downward and can contact the second corrugated foil support end, thereby triggering the deformation of the second corrugated foil support end. Thus, different sizes of elastic support force can be applied according to the size of the load, thereby making it suitable for working conditions with larger loads and higher speeds.

[0083] In some embodiments, the second layer of corrugated foil 3 further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area 3-3 disposed at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area 3-3 includes a third corrugated foil support end 3-31 and a third corrugated foil flat section 3-32 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end 3-31 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the third corrugated foil flat section 3-32. The first layer of foil 2 does not have corrugated foil at the second radial position (forming a notch). The first foil bearing area 2-2 and the first foil bearing area 2-3 are connected by circumferentially adjacent radially extending connectors, such as... Figure 6 As shown, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end 2-21 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 2-31 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1.

[0084] The present invention also provides a second wave foil bearing area at a second radial position, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil when the third wave foil support end is not under force or the force is less than the first preset force is greater than the minimum distance between the first support wave foil support end and the top foil. This allows the stiffness of the high-rise arch foil at both ends to be small and the deformation to be large, while the support end of the third wave foil in the middle has a large support stiffness and a small deformation. The third wave foil support end provides effective elastic support to the top foil, effectively preventing the situation where the air film gap at both ends is small and the wear is severe. It adjusts the radial stiffness of the foil, coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the impact resistance of the bearing, and avoids bearing wear.

[0085] Furthermore, the height of the third wave foil support end located in the radial middle section of the present invention is less than the height of the first and fourth wave foil support ends (the height of the high-layer wave foil support ends) at both ends. This allows for the formation of a larger gas film thickness in the radial middle section, resulting in a structure with a smaller gas film thickness at both ends and a larger gas film thickness in the middle. The middle gas film effectively supports the top foil, and the smaller gas film thickness at both ends effectively prevents gas leakage from both ends, improving the gas leakage phenomenon and enhancing the bearing load-bearing performance.

[0086] The height of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section of this invention is less than the height of the first corrugated foil support ends at both ends (the height of the high-layer corrugated foil support ends), and greater than the height of the second corrugated foil support ends at both ends (the height of the low-layer corrugated foil support ends). This allows the top foil to be supported by gas first, then by the deformation of the first corrugated foil support end, then by the deformation of the first corrugated foil support end + the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section + gas, and finally by the deformation of the first corrugated foil support end + the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section + the deformation of the second corrugated foil support end + gas, according to different loads. This allows for adaptive support using appropriate corrugated foils, providing sufficient elastic deformation, reducing wear, preventing excessive deformation, improving load-bearing performance, and enhancing the versatility of the bearing.

[0087] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the third wave foil support end 3-31 is opposite to the second wave foil flat section 3-22, and the third wave foil flat section 3-32 is opposite to the second wave foil support end 3-21. This is the preferred positional relationship between the second wave foil bearing area and the first wave foil bearing area of ​​the present invention. By staggering the third wave foil support end and the second wave foil support end in the circumferential direction, effective support can be provided for different radial and circumferential positions of the top foil, improving the support effect for the top foil and even the rotating shaft.

[0088] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 facing away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is greater than a first preset force and less than a second preset force, the first wave foil support end 2-21 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, while a gap still exists between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and a gap still exists between the first wave foil support end 2-21 and the second wave foil support end 3-21, wherein the second preset force is greater than the first preset force. In this invention, when the force on the top foil gradually increases, the first wave foil support end deforms but fails to contact the second wave foil support end, and an air film still exists between them for support. Furthermore, the third wave foil support end does not deform or deforms only slightly, and an air film exists between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, which supports the top foil.

[0089] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 facing away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is greater than a second preset force but less than a third preset force, the first wave foil support end 2-21 contacts and deforms with the top foil 1, and the third wave foil support end 3-31 contacts and deforms with the top foil 1. A gap still exists between the first wave foil support end 2-21 and the second wave foil support end 3-21, wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force. In this invention, when the force on the top foil further increases to greater than the second preset force, the first wave foil support end deforms but fails to contact the second wave foil support end; an air film still exists between them for support. However, at this time, the top foil deforms downwards and contacts the third wave foil support end. The deformation of the third wave foil support end supports the top foil. At this time, the deformation of the first and third wave foil support ends, as well as the air film between the first and second wave foil support ends, supports the top foil, and the deformation of the third wave foil support end provides a further increased supporting force.

[0090] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the substrate 4 is greater than the third preset force, the first wave foil support end 2-21 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, and the first wave foil support end 2-21 contacts the second wave foil support end 3-21 and deforms.

[0091] When the force on the top foil further increases to a level greater than the third preset force, the first wave foil support end deforms and comes into contact with the second wave foil support end. The two together deform to support the top foil, and the third wave foil support end further deforms to support the top foil. At this time, the top foil is supported by the joint deformation of the first, second and third wave foil support ends, and the deformation of the second wave foil support end can provide a further increased support force.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first foil layer 2 further includes a first foil support area 2-3 located at a third radial position. The first foil support area 2-3 includes a fourth foil support end 2-31 and a fourth foil flat section 2-32 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The second foil layer 3 further includes a second foil support area 3-4 also located at the third radial position. The second foil support area 3-4 includes a fifth foil support end 3-41 and a fifth foil flat section 3-42 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside in the radial direction. The fourth foil support end 2-31 is located between the fifth foil support end 3-41 and the top foil 1 in the axial direction.

[0093] The present invention also provides a first foil bearing area two and a second wave foil bearing area three at the radial third end position, which can provide almost the same support to the top foil at the radial third position as at the radial first position. The radial third end also forms a double-layer supported wave foil structure, which can effectively increase the stiffness of the bearing and prevent large deformation, especially at the radial third position under large load, which could lead to bearing failure. This further improves the stiffness of the bearing and enhances its load-bearing performance.

[0094] In some embodiments, the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 is connected to the substrate 4, and the fourth wave foil flat section 2-32 is disposed on the side of the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 facing the top foil 1. The fourth wave foil support end 2-31 and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 are opposite each other in the axial direction. The fourth wave foil support end 2-31 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the fourth wave foil flat section 2-32, and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42.

[0095] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the substrate 4 is 0 or less than the first preset force, the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the top foil 1.

[0096] The present invention also provides a first foil bearing area two and a second wave foil bearing area three at a radial third position. When the third wave foil support end is not under force or the force is less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between it and the top foil is greater than the minimum distance between the fourth support wave foil support end and the top foil. This allows the stiffness of the high-rise arch foil at both ends to be small and the deformation to be large, while the support end of the third wave foil in the middle has a large support stiffness and a small deformation. The third wave foil support end provides effective elastic support for the top foil, effectively preventing the situation where the air film gap at both ends is small and the wear is severe. It also adjusts the axial stiffness of the foil, coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the impact resistance of the bearing, and avoids bearing wear.

[0097] Furthermore, the height of the third wave foil support end located in the radial middle section of the present invention is less than the height of the first and fourth wave foil support ends (the height of the high-layer wave foil support ends) at both ends. This allows for the formation of a larger gas film thickness in the radial middle section, resulting in a structure with a smaller gas film thickness at both ends and a larger gas film thickness in the middle. The middle gas film effectively supports the top foil, and the smaller gas film thickness at both ends effectively prevents gas leakage from both ends, improving the gas leakage phenomenon and enhancing the bearing load-bearing performance.

[0098] The height of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section of this invention is less than the height of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends (the height of the high-layer corrugated foil support ends) at both radial ends, but greater than the height of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends (the height of the low-layer corrugated foil support ends) at both radial ends. This allows the top foil to be supported by gas first, then by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with gas support, then by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section combined with gas support, and finally by the deformation of the first and fourth corrugated foil support ends combined with the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section combined with the deformation of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends combined with gas support, according to different loads. This allows for adaptive support using appropriate corrugated foils, providing sufficient elastic deformation, reducing wear, preventing excessive deformation, improving load-bearing performance, and enhancing the versatility of the bearing.

[0099] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 is opposite to the third wave foil flat section 3-32, and the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 is opposite to the third wave foil support end 3-31. This is the preferred positional relationship between the second wave foil bearing area three and the second wave foil bearing area two of the present invention. By staggering the fifth wave foil support end and the third wave foil support end in the circumferential direction, effective support can be provided for different radial and circumferential positions of the top foil, improving the support effect for the top foil and even the rotating shaft.

[0100] In some implementations, when a second preset force and a third preset force are also included:

[0101] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the fourth wave foil support end 2-31.

[0102] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the fourth wave foil support end 2-31.

[0103] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 contacts the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 and deforms.

[0104] When the force on the top foil gradually increases to a level greater than the first preset force, the first and fourth wave foil support ends deform but fail to make contact with the second and fifth wave foil support ends. An air film still exists between them for support. At this time, the third wave foil support end does not deform or deforms only slightly. An air film exists between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, and the top foil is supported by the air film at this point.

[0105] When the force on the top foil increases further to exceed the second preset force, the first and fourth wave foil support ends deform but fail to make contact with the second and fifth wave foil support ends. An air film still exists between them for support. However, at this time, the top foil deforms downward and makes contact with the third wave foil support end. The deformation of the third wave foil support end supports the top foil. At this time, the deformation of the first, fourth and third wave foil support ends, as well as the air film between the first and second wave foil support ends and the air film between the fourth and fifth wave foil support ends, support the top foil. The deformation of the third wave foil support end can provide a further increased support force.

[0106] When the force on the top foil further increases to greater than the third preset force, the first and fourth wave foil support ends continue to deform and form contact with the second and fifth wave foil support ends respectively. The two together deform to support the top foil, and the third wave foil support end further deforms to support the top foil. At this time, the top foil is supported by the joint deformation of the first, second and third, fourth and fifth wave foil support ends, and the deformation of the second and fifth wave foil support ends can provide a further increased support force.

[0107] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 facing away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end 2-31 and the top foil 1 along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end 2-21 and the top foil 1, and the minimum axial distance between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the top foil 1 along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1. This is the preferred relationship between the first and fourth wave foil support ends of the present invention. Specifically, their structures are preferably equal and their minimum distance from the top foil is equal, enabling them to provide almost equal load-bearing capacity at both radial ends of the top foil, reducing end leakage, forming an adaptive bearing, and providing the required load-bearing capacity according to changes in load such as rotational speed, thereby improving versatility. Preferably, the structures of the second and fifth wave foil support ends are also preferably equal and their minimum distance from the top foil is equal, enabling them to provide almost equal load-bearing capacity at both radial ends of the top foil, reducing end leakage, forming an adaptive bearing, and providing the required load-bearing capacity according to changes in load such as rotational speed, thereby improving versatility.

[0108] In some embodiments, the top foil 1 includes a top foil flat section 1-1 and a top foil carrying area 1-2. The top foil flat section 1-1 is located radially outside the top foil carrying area 1-2. The top foil carrying area 1-2 is opposite to the area formed by the first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position along the axial direction. The substrate 4 includes a substrate flat section 4-1, which is opposite to the top foil flat section 1-1 in the axial direction. A first positioning hole 1-3 is provided on the top foil flat section 1-1, and a fourth positioning hole 4-2 is provided on the substrate flat section 4-1. The first layer foil 2 includes a radial section connected to the first foil carrying area 1-2. The first foil outer flat section 2-1 extends outward, and the first foil outer flat section 2-1 has a second positioning hole 2-4 opened along the axial direction; the second layer of corrugated foil 3 includes a second foil outer flat section 3-1 connected to the radially outer side of the second corrugated foil bearing area 3-2, and the second corrugated foil outer flat section 3-1 has a third positioning hole 3-5 opened along the axial direction; the first positioning hole 1-3, the second positioning hole 2-4, the third positioning hole 3-5 and the fourth positioning hole 4-2 are all opposite to each other along the axial direction, so that the positioning element passes through the four holes at the same time to fix the top foil flat section 1-1, the first foil outer flat section 2-1, the second corrugated foil outer flat section 3-1 and the bottom sheet flat section 4-1 into one piece.

[0109] The present invention also enables the radially outer portions of the first foil layer, the second wavy foil layer, and the bottom film to be fixed onto the bottom film by setting the top foil flat section, the first foil outer flat section, the second wavy foil outer flat section, and the bottom film flat section. The multiple positioning holes enable effective positioning of the two wavy foil layers and the top foil.

[0110] The thrust bearing structure of this invention comprises a top foil 1, a first layer foil 2, a second layer corrugated foil 3, and a base plate 4. The top foil 1, the first layer foil 2, and the second layer corrugated foil 3 form an integral annular structure, evenly divided into multi-lobed tile structures in the circumferential direction. It is directly integrally pressed and formed using a specially made precision mold. Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, film 4 can be directly cut into shape, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0111] The structure of the top foil of the present invention is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the lower surface of the top foil bearing area 1-2 is in contact with the first foil bearing area 2-2 and the second first foil bearing area 2-3, and the flat section 1-1 of the top foil is in contact with the outer flat section 2-1 of the first foil. The positioning holes of the top foil 1, the first layer foil 2, the second layer corrugated foil 3, and the bottom sheet 4 are aligned one by one and fixed together with round pins to prevent circumferential and radial movement of the bearing. The structure of the first layer foil 2 is as described in the prior art. Figure 4 , 6 As shown in Figure 9, the corrugated foil support areas, from the outside to the inside along the radial direction, are the first foil support area 2-2 and the second foil support area 2-3, which are in contact with the lower surface of the top foil. The arch height, pitch and flat section parameters of each arch are the same, that is, the arch foil structure stiffness of the first foil support area 2-2 and the second foil support area 2-3 is the same.

[0112] The second layer of foil structure is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the structure is divided radially from the outside in into two zones: the second wave foil bearing zone 1 (3-2), the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3), and the third wave foil bearing zone 3 (3-4). In the second wave foil bearing zone 1 (3-2) and the third wave foil bearing zone 3 (3-4), the arch height, pitch, and horizontal section parameters of each arch are the same, meaning the structural stiffness of the arch foil at both ends of the wave foil is the same. However, the pitch and horizontal section parameters of each arch in the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3) are different from those in the second and third wave foil bearing zones. The arch height parameter of the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3) is slightly higher than that of the second and third wave foil bearing zones, meaning that the radial middle section of the wave foil has greater support stiffness and smaller deformation compared to the radial ends, while the radial ends have lower support stiffness and larger deformation.

[0113] The thrust gas bearing of this invention is divided into three sections radially. The two radial ends (i.e., the first and third radial positions) consist of a top foil layer and two corrugated foil layers, while the middle radial section (i.e., the second radial position) consists of a top foil layer and a corrugated foil layer. The height of the corrugated foil in the middle radial section is greater than the height of the low-arched foil at the radial ends but less than the height of the high-arched foil at the radial ends when the top foil is not under stress. This means that the corrugated foil in the middle radial section does not contact the lower surface of the top foil after assembly, resulting in a gap smaller than the thickness of the second corrugated foil layer. This structure aims to regulate the gas film thickness variation, making the gas film thickness smaller on the radial sides and larger in the radial middle, preventing high-pressure gas leakage from the radial sides. The two-layer corrugated foil structure increases bearing damping and improves the bearing's wear resistance and impact resistance during start-up and shutdown, increasing the bearing's adaptability.

[0114] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0115] In operation, the gas thrust bearing of this invention utilizes the high-speed rotation of the shaft to drive high-speed gas flow. The gas enters the wedge-shaped region, is compressed, and forms a high-pressure lubricating gas film in the top foil bearing area, providing axial load-bearing force for the bearing-rotor system. Under light load conditions, a gap exists between the top foil bearing area 1-2 and the second wave foil bearing area 3-3, while the first foil bearing area 2-2 and the second first foil bearing area 2-3 are in direct contact with the top foil bearing area 1-2. Therefore, the bearing has high stiffness and small deformation at both radial ends, and low stiffness and large deformation in the middle, which facilitates gas accumulation in the middle of the bearing, reduces high-pressure gas leakage, and increases the bearing load-bearing capacity. Under rated load conditions, the top foil contacts the first foil bearing area 2-2, the second wave foil bearing area 3-3, and the first foil bearing area 2-3, i.e., the first foil bearing... Elastic deformation occurs in all three load zones: load zone 1 (2-2), load zone 2 (3-3), and load zone 2 (2-3). Under heavy load conditions, the top foil contacts the load zones 1 (3-2) and 3 (3-4) of the second wave foil through the first layer of foil, and also contacts the load zone 2 (3-3). This means that all three load zones (1-2-2, 2-3, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4) undergo elastic deformation, reaching their maximum deformation. At this point, the bearing support stiffness is the sum of the stiffness of the first layer of foil, the second wave foil, and the top foil. The increased contact area between the foils increases bearing damping, effectively preventing bearing wear and even failure. In summary, this variable stiffness, high-load-bearing foil thrust bearing structure exhibits a stepwise change in stiffness under different load conditions, improving the bearing's adaptability, wear resistance, impact resistance, and load-bearing capacity under varying load conditions.

[0116] Therefore, the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the present invention can achieve the effect of increasing bearing stiffness as the load increases, and the gas gap is small at both ends and large in the middle to prevent end leakage.

[0117] Alternative embodiments

[0118] like Figure 10-16 As shown, in some embodiments, when the first foil carrying area 2-2 is a flat foil structure, and the first foil carrying area 2-2 includes a first flat foil 2-23:

[0119] The second wave foil flat section 3-22 is connected to the substrate 4. The second wave foil support end 3-21 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the second wave foil flat section 3-22. When the force on the side of the top foil 1 away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the first flat foil 2-23 are spaced apart, such that the minimum distance between the first flat foil 2-23 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1.

[0120] This is the preferred connection and positional relationship between the first bearing area of ​​the first foil layer and the second bearing area of ​​the second corrugated foil layer of the present invention. That is, the flat section of the second corrugated foil is connected to the substrate, the first flat foil is located between the support end of the second corrugated foil and the top foil, and when the top foil is not under force or the force is small, the first preset force is greater than 0, the first flat foil does not deform or deforms only slightly, and a gap is formed between the first flat foil and the support end of the second corrugated foil, so that gas can be contained in the gap to form a gas film to support the first flat foil, forming a double support structure, which improves the (thrust) support capacity of the top foil, and according to the increase of the force, the first flat foil deforms downward and can contact the support end of the second corrugated foil, thereby triggering the deformation of the support end of the second corrugated foil, so that different sizes of elastic support force can be applied according to the size of the load, and thus it can be applied to the working conditions of larger loads and higher speed conditions.

[0121] In some embodiments, the second layer of corrugated foil 3 further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area 3-3 disposed at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area 3-3 includes a third corrugated foil support end 3-31 and a third corrugated foil flat section 3-32 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end 3-31 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the third corrugated foil flat section 3-32. The first layer of foil 2 does not have corrugated foil at the second radial position (forming a notch). The first foil bearing area 2-2 and the first foil bearing area 2-3 are connected by circumferentially adjacent radially extending connectors, such as... Figure 13As shown, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the substrate 4 is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the first flat foil 2-23 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end 3-21 and the top foil 1.

[0122] The present invention also provides a second wave foil bearing area at a second radial position, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end and the top foil is greater than the minimum distance between the first flat foil and the top foil when the third wave foil support end is not under force or the force is less than the first preset force. This allows the high-level flat foils at both ends to have low stiffness and large deformation, while the third wave foil support end in the middle has high support stiffness and small deformation. The third wave foil support end provides effective elastic support to the top foil, effectively preventing the situation where the air film gap at both ends is small and causes severe wear. It adjusts the radial stiffness of the foil, coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the bearing's impact resistance, and avoids bearing wear.

[0123] Furthermore, the height of the third wave foil support end located in the radial middle section of the present invention is less than the height of the first and second flat foils (the height of the high-layer flat foil) at both ends. This allows for the formation of a larger gas film thickness in the radial middle section, resulting in a structure with a smaller gas film thickness at both ends and a larger gas film thickness in the middle. The middle gas film effectively supports the top foil, and the smaller gas film thickness at both ends effectively prevents gas leakage from both ends, improving the gas end leakage phenomenon and enhancing the bearing load-bearing performance.

[0124] The height of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section of this invention is less than the height of the first flat foils at both ends (the height of the high-layer flat foils), and greater than the height of the second corrugated foil support ends at both ends (the height of the low-layer corrugated foil support ends). This allows the top foil to be supported by gas first, then by the deformation of the first flat foil, then by the deformation of the first flat foil plus the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section plus gas, and finally by the deformation of the first flat foil plus the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section plus the deformation of the second corrugated foil support end plus gas, according to different loads. This allows for adaptive support using appropriate corrugated foils, providing sufficient elastic deformation, reducing wear, preventing excessive deformation, improving load-bearing performance, and enhancing the versatility of the bearing.

[0125] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the third wave foil support end 3-31 is opposite to the second wave foil flat section 3-22, and the third wave foil flat section 3-32 is opposite to the second wave foil support end 3-21. This is the preferred positional relationship between the second wave foil bearing area and the first wave foil bearing area of ​​the present invention. By staggering the third wave foil support end and the second wave foil support end in the circumferential direction, effective support can be provided for different radial and circumferential positions of the top foil, improving the support effect for the top foil and even the rotating shaft.

[0126] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 facing away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is greater than a first preset force and less than a second preset force, the first flat foil 2-23 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms. A gap still exists between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and a gap still exists between the first flat foil 2-23 and the second wave foil support end 3-21, wherein the second preset force is greater than the first preset force. In this invention, when the force on the top foil gradually increases, the first flat foil deforms but fails to contact the second wave foil support end; an air film still exists between them for support. At this time, the third wave foil support end does not deform or deforms only slightly. An air film exists between the third wave foil support end and the top foil, supporting the top foil through this air film.

[0127] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 facing away from the substrate 4 along the axial direction is greater than a second preset force but less than a third preset force, the first flat foil 2-23 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms, and the third wave foil support end 3-31 contacts the top foil 1 and deforms. A gap still exists between the first flat foil 2-23 and the second wave foil support end 3-21, wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force. In this invention, when the force on the top foil further increases to greater than the second preset force, the first flat foil deforms but fails to contact the second wave foil support end; an air film still exists between them for support. However, at this time, the top foil deforms downwards and contacts the third wave foil support end. The deformation of the third wave foil support end provides support for the top foil. At this time, the deformation of the first flat foil and the third wave foil support end, as well as the air film between the first flat foil and the second wave foil support end, support the top foil. The deformation of the third wave foil support end provides a further increased supporting force.

[0128] In some embodiments, when the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the substrate 4 is greater than the third preset force, the first flat foil 2-23 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, and the first flat foil 2-23 comes into contact with the second wave foil support end 3-21 and deforms.

[0129] When the force on the top foil increases further to a level greater than the third preset force, the first flat foil deforms and comes into contact with the second wave foil support end. The two deform together to support the top foil, and the third wave foil support end further deforms to support the top foil. At this time, the top foil is supported by the joint deformation of the first flat foil, the second and the third wave foil support ends, and the deformation of the second wave foil support end can provide a further increased support force.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first foil layer 2 further includes a first foil support area 2-3 located at a third radial position. The first foil support area 2-3 is a flat foil structure, including a second flat foil 2-33. The second wave foil layer 3 further includes a second wave foil support area 3-4 also located at the third radial position. The second wave foil support area 3-4 includes a fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and a fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside in the radial direction. The second flat foil 2-33 is located between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the top foil 1 in the axial direction.

[0131] The present invention also provides a first foil bearing area two and a second wave foil bearing area three at the radial third end position, which can provide almost the same support to the top foil at the radial third position as at the radial first position. The radial third end also forms a double-layer supported wave foil structure, which can effectively increase the stiffness of the bearing and prevent large deformation, especially at the radial third position under large load, which could lead to bearing failure. This further improves the stiffness of the bearing and enhances its load-bearing performance.

[0132] In some embodiments, the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 is connected to the substrate 4, and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 protrudes towards the top foil 1 relative to the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42.

[0133] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the substrate 4 is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second flat foil 2-33 and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the second flat foil 2-33 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1 is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the top foil 1.

[0134] The present invention also provides a first foil bearing area two and a second wave foil bearing area three at a radial third position. When the third wave foil support end is not under force or the force is less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between it and the top foil is greater than the minimum distance between the second flat foil and the top foil. This allows the high-level flat foils at both ends to have low stiffness and large deformation, while the third wave foil support end in the middle has high support stiffness and small deformation. The third wave foil support end provides effective elastic support for the top foil, effectively preventing the situation where the air film gap at both ends is small and causes severe wear. It also adjusts the axial stiffness of the foil, coordinates the bearing deformation, improves the bearing's impact resistance, and avoids bearing wear.

[0135] Furthermore, the height of the third wave foil support end located in the radial middle section of the present invention is less than the height of the first and second flat foils (the height of the high-layer flat foils) at both ends. This allows for the formation of a larger gas film thickness in the radial middle section, resulting in a structure with a smaller gas film thickness at both ends and a larger gas film thickness in the middle. The middle gas film effectively supports the top foil, and the smaller gas film thickness at both ends effectively prevents gas leakage from both ends, improving the gas leakage phenomenon and enhancing the bearing load-bearing performance.

[0136] The height of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section of this invention is less than the height of the first and second flat foils (height of the high-layer flat foil) at both radial ends, but greater than the height of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends (height of the low-layer corrugated foil support ends) at both radial ends. This allows the top foil to be supported by gas first, then by the deformation of the first and second flat foils plus gas support, then by the deformation of the first and second flat foils plus the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section plus gas support, and finally by the deformation of the first and second flat foils plus the deformation of the third corrugated foil support end in the radial middle section plus the deformation of the second and fifth corrugated foil support ends plus gas support, according to different loads. This allows for adaptive use of appropriate corrugated foils for support, providing sufficient elastic deformation, reducing wear, preventing excessive deformation, improving load-bearing performance, and enhancing the versatility of the bearing.

[0137] In some embodiments, in the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 is opposite to the third wave foil flat section 3-32, and the fifth wave foil flat section 3-42 is opposite to the third wave foil support end 3-31. This is the preferred positional relationship between the second wave foil bearing area three and the second wave foil bearing area two of the present invention. By staggering the fifth wave foil support end and the third wave foil support end in the circumferential direction, effective support can be provided for different radial and circumferential positions of the top foil, improving the support effect for the top foil and even the rotating shaft.

[0138] In some implementations, when a second preset force and a third preset force are also included:

[0139] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the second flat foil 2-33 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end 3-31 and the top foil 1, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the second flat foil 2-33.

[0140] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the second flat foil 2-33 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 and the second flat foil 2-33.

[0141] When the force on the side of the top foil 1 that is axially away from the bottom film 4 is greater than the third preset force, the second flat foil 2-33 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, the third wave foil support end 3-31 comes into contact with the top foil 1 and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end 3-41 comes into contact with the second flat foil 2-33 and deforms.

[0142] When the force on the top foil gradually increases to a level greater than the first preset force, the first and second flat foils deform but fail to make contact with the support ends of the second and fifth wave foils. An air film still exists between them for support. At this time, the support end of the third wave foil does not deform or deforms only slightly. An air film exists between the support end of the third wave foil and the top foil, and the top foil is supported by the air film at this point.

[0143] When the force on the top foil increases further to a level greater than the second preset force, the first and second flat foils deform but fail to make contact with the support ends of the second and fifth wave foils. An air film still exists between them for support. However, at this time, the top foil deforms downward and makes contact with the support end of the third wave foil. The deformation of the support end of the third wave foil provides support for the top foil. At this time, the deformation of the support ends of the first, second, and third flat foils, as well as the air film between the support ends of the first flat foil and the second wave foil and the support ends of the second flat foil and the fifth wave foil support the top foil is supported. The deformation of the support end of the third wave foil can provide a further increased support force.

[0144] When the force on the top foil further increases to a level greater than the third preset force, the first and second flat foils continue to deform and come into contact with the support ends of the second and fifth wave foils, respectively. The two foils deform together to support the top foil, and the support end of the third wave foil further deforms to support the top foil. At this time, the top foil is supported by the joint deformation of the first and second flat foils and the support ends of the third, second and fifth wave foils. The deformation of the support ends of the second and fifth wave foils can provide a further increased support force.

[0145] In some embodiments, when the force borne by the top foil 1 on the side axially away from the substrate 4 is 0 or less than a first preset force, the minimum distance between the second flat foil 2-33 and the top foil 1 along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first flat foil 2-23 and the top foil 1. This is the preferred relationship between the first flat foil and the second flat foil of the present invention, that is, the structures of the two are preferably equal and the minimum distance between them is equal, which can provide almost equal bearing capacity at both ends of the top foil in the radial direction, reduce end leakage, form an adaptive bearing, and provide the required bearing capacity according to the change of load such as rotation speed, thereby improving versatility. Preferably, the structures of the second wave foil support end and the fifth wave foil support end are preferably equal and the minimum distance between them is equal, which can provide almost equal bearing capacity at both ends of the top foil in the radial direction, reduce end leakage, form an adaptive bearing, and provide the required bearing capacity according to the change of load such as rotation speed, thereby improving versatility.

[0146] In some embodiments, the top foil 1 includes a top foil flat section 1-1 and a top foil carrying area 1-2. The top foil flat section 1-1 is located radially outside the top foil carrying area 1-2. The top foil carrying area 1-2 is opposite to the area formed by the first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position along the axial direction. The substrate 4 includes a substrate flat section 4-1, which is opposite to the top foil flat section 1-1 in the axial direction. A first positioning hole 1-3 is provided on the top foil flat section 1-1, and a fourth positioning hole 4-2 is provided on the substrate flat section 4-1. The first layer foil 2 includes a radial section connected to the first flat foil 2-23. The outermost first foil flat section 2-1 has a second positioning hole 2-4 axially. The second layer of corrugated foil 3 includes a second corrugated foil flat section 3-1 connected to the radially outer side of the second corrugated foil bearing area 3-2. The second corrugated foil flat section 3-1 has a third positioning hole 3-5 axially. The first positioning hole 1-3, the second positioning hole 2-4, the third positioning hole 3-5 and the fourth positioning hole 4-2 are all axially opposite to each other, so that the positioning element passes through the four holes simultaneously to fix the top foil flat section 1-1, the first foil flat section 2-1, the second corrugated foil flat section 3-1 and the bottom sheet flat section 4-1 into one piece.

[0147] The present invention also enables the radially outer portions of the first foil layer, the second wavy foil layer, and the bottom film to be fixed onto the bottom film by setting the top foil flat section, the first foil outer flat section, the second wavy foil outer flat section, and the bottom film flat section. The multiple positioning holes enable effective positioning of the two wavy foil layers and the top foil.

[0148] The thrust bearing structure in the alternative embodiment of the present invention consists of a top foil 1 (flat foil), a first layer foil 2 (flat foil), a second layer corrugated foil 3, and a base plate 4. The top foil 1, the first layer foil 2, and the second layer corrugated foil 3 form an integral annular structure, evenly divided into multi-lobed tile structures in the circumferential direction. It is directly and integrally pressed using a specially made precision mold. Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, film 4 can be directly cut into shape, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0149] The structure of the top foil of the present invention is as follows Figure 12 As shown, the lower surface of the top foil bearing area 1-2 is in contact with the first foil bearing area 2-2 and the second first foil bearing area 2-3, and the top foil flat section 1-1 is in contact with the first foil outer flat section 2-1. The positioning holes of the top foil 1, the first layer foil 2, the second layer corrugated foil 3, and the bottom sheet 4 are aligned one by one and fixed together with round pins to prevent the bearing from moving circumferentially and radially.

[0150] The structure of the first foil 2 is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the corrugated foil support areas, from the outside to the inside along the radial direction, are the first foil support area 2-2 and the second foil support area 2-3, which respectively conform to the crests of the second foil support area 3-2 and the second foil support area 3-4 at the radial ends of the second layer corrugated foil 3 structure. The lower surface of the outer flat section 3-1 of the second corrugated foil conforms to the upper surface of the flat section 4-1 of the substrate. The positioning holes of the top foil 1 (flat foil), the second layer foil 2 (flat foil), the second layer corrugated foil 3, and the substrate 4 are aligned one by one and fixed together with round pins to prevent circumferential and radial movement of the bearing.

[0151] Second layer of foil 3 Figure 14 As shown, the structure is divided radially from the outside in into two zones: the second wave foil bearing zone 1 (3-2), the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3), and the third wave foil bearing zone 3 (3-4). In the second wave foil bearing zone 1 (3-2) and the third wave foil bearing zone 3 (3-4), the arch height, pitch, and horizontal section parameters of each arch are the same, meaning the structural stiffness of the arch foil at both ends of the wave foil is the same. However, the pitch and horizontal section parameters of each arch in the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3) are different from those in the second and third wave foil bearing zones. The arch height parameter of the second wave foil bearing zone 2 (3-3) is slightly higher than that of the second and third wave foil bearing zones, meaning that the radial middle section of the wave foil has greater support stiffness and smaller deformation compared to the radial ends, while the radial ends have lower support stiffness and larger deformation.

[0152] The thrust gas bearing of this invention is divided into three sections radially. The two ends (i.e., the first and third radial positions) consist of two layers of top foil and one layer of corrugated foil. The middle section (i.e., the second radial position) consists of two layers of top foil. The height of the corrugated foil in the middle section is greater than the height of the low-arched foil at the radial ends but less than the height of the high-flat foil at the radial ends when the top foil is not under stress. This means that the corrugated foil in the middle section does not contact the lower surface of the top foil after assembly, resulting in a gap smaller than the thickness of the second corrugated foil layer. This structure aims to regulate the gas film thickness, making the gas film thickness smaller on the radial sides and larger in the radial middle, preventing high-pressure gas leakage from the radial sides. The two-layer corrugated foil structure increases bearing damping and improves the bearing's wear resistance and impact resistance during start-up and shutdown, increasing the bearing's adaptability.

[0153] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0154] In operation, the gas thrust bearing of this invention utilizes the high-speed rotation of the shaft to drive high-speed gas flow. The gas enters the wedge-shaped region, is compressed, and forms a high-pressure lubricating gas film in the top foil bearing area, providing axial load-bearing force for the bearing-rotor system. Under light load conditions, a gap exists between the top foil bearing area 1-2 and the second wave foil bearing area 3-3, while the first foil bearing area 2-2 and the second first foil bearing area 2-3 are in direct contact with the top foil bearing area 1-2. Therefore, the bearing has high stiffness and small deformation at both radial ends, and low stiffness and large deformation in the middle, which facilitates gas accumulation in the middle of the bearing, reduces high-pressure gas leakage, and increases the bearing load-bearing capacity. Under rated load conditions, the top foil contacts the first foil bearing area 2-2, the second wave foil bearing area 3-3, and the first foil bearing area 2-3, i.e., the first foil bearing... Elastic deformation occurs in all three load zones: load zone 1 (2-2), load zone 2 (3-3), and load zone 2 (2-3). Under heavy load conditions, the top foil contacts the load zones 1 (3-2) and 3 (3-4) of the second wave foil through the first layer of foil, and also contacts the load zone 2 (3-3). This means that all three load zones (1-2-2, 2-3, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4) undergo elastic deformation, reaching their maximum deformation. At this point, the bearing support stiffness is the sum of the stiffness of the first layer of foil, the second wave foil, and the top foil. The increased contact area between the foils increases bearing damping, effectively preventing bearing wear and even failure. In summary, this variable stiffness, high-load-bearing foil thrust bearing structure exhibits a stepwise change in stiffness under different load conditions, improving the bearing's adaptability, wear resistance, impact resistance, and load-bearing capacity under varying load conditions.

[0155] Therefore, the adaptive foil gas thrust bearing of the present invention can achieve the effect of increasing bearing stiffness as the load increases, and the gas gap is small at both ends and large in the middle to prevent end leakage.

[0156] The present invention also provides an electric motor comprising the aforementioned adaptive foil gas thrust bearing.

[0157] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive foil gas thrust bearing, characterized in that: include: Top foil (1), substrate (4), first layer foil (2) and second layer corrugated foil (3), wherein the top foil (1), substrate (4), first layer foil (2) and second layer corrugated foil (3) are all annular structures and have the same axial direction, and the first layer foil (2) and the second layer corrugated foil (3) are both disposed between the top foil (1) and the substrate (4) along the axial direction; The first foil layer (2) includes a first foil support area (2-2) located at a first radial position. The first foil support area (2-2) is a corrugated foil structure or a flat foil structure. The second corrugated foil layer (3) includes a second corrugated foil support area (3-2) also located at the first radial position. The second corrugated foil support area (3-2) includes a second corrugated foil support end (3-21) and a second corrugated foil flat section (3-22) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. When the first foil support area (2-2) is a corrugated foil structure, the first foil support area (2-2) The first foil support end (2-21) and the first foil flat section (2-22) are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first foil support end (2-21) is located between the second foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1) in the axial direction. When the first foil support area (2-2) is a flat foil structure, the first foil support area (2-2) includes a first flat foil (2-23). ​​The first flat foil (2-23) is located between the second foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1) in the axial direction. The second layer of corrugated foil (3) also includes a second corrugated foil bearing area (3-3) located at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area (3-3) includes a third corrugated foil support end (3-31) and a third corrugated foil flat section (3-32) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end (3-31) protrudes toward the top foil (1) relative to the third corrugated foil flat section (3-32). The first layer of foil (2) does not have corrugated foil at the second radial position. When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the substrate (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the first corrugated foil support end (2-21) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1).

2. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first foil bearing area (2-2) is a corrugated foil structure, and the first foil bearing area (2-2) includes a first corrugated foil support end (2-21) and a first corrugated foil flat section (2-22) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction: The second corrugated foil flat section (3-22) is connected to the substrate (4). The first corrugated foil flat section (2-22) is disposed on the side of the second corrugated foil flat section (3-22) facing the top foil (1). The first corrugated foil support end (2-21) and the second corrugated foil support end (3-21) are opposite each other in the axial direction. The first corrugated foil support end (2-21) protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the first corrugated foil flat section (2-22). The second corrugated foil support end (3-21) The second wave foil protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the second wave foil flat section (3-22). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the substrate (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the first wave foil support end (2-21) are spaced apart, so that the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end (2-21) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1).

3. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The minimum distance between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1).

4. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the third wave foil support end (3-31) is opposite to the second wave foil flat section (3-22), and the third wave foil flat section (3-32) is opposite to the second wave foil support end (3-21).

5. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the first wave foil support end (2-21) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and there is still a gap between the first wave foil support end (2-21) and the second wave foil support end (3-21). The second preset force is greater than the first preset force.

6. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the first wave foil support end (2-21) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, and there is still a gap between the first wave foil support end (2-21) and the second wave foil support end (3-21), wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force.

7. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) that is axially away from the bottom film (4) is greater than the third preset force, the first wave foil support end (2-21) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, and the second wave foil support end (3-21) contacts the first wave foil support end (2-21) and deforms.

8. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first layer foil (2) further includes a second first foil bearing area (2-3) located at the third radial position. The second first foil bearing area (2-3) includes a fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and a fourth wave foil flat section (2-32) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The second layer foil (3) further includes a third second wave foil bearing area (3-4) also located at the third radial position. The third second wave foil bearing area (3-4) includes a fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and a fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside in the radial direction. The fourth wave foil support end (2-31) is located between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the top foil (1) in the axial direction.

9. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) is connected to the substrate (4). The fourth wave foil flat section (2-32) is disposed on the side of the fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) facing the top foil (1). The fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) are opposite each other in the axial direction. The fourth wave foil support end (2-31) protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the fourth wave foil flat section (2-32), and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the fifth wave foil flat section (3-42). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the top foil (1).

10. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) is opposite to the third wave foil flat section (3-32), and the fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) is opposite to the third wave foil support end (3-31).

11. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the second preset force and the third preset force are also included: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the fourth wave foil support end (2-31). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) that is axially away from the bottom film (4) is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) contacts the top foil (1) and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the fourth wave foil support end (2-31); When the force on the side of the top foil (1) that is axially away from the bottom film (4) is greater than the third preset force, the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) comes into contact with the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and deforms.

12. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the fourth wave foil support end (2-31) and the top foil (1) along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first wave foil support end (2-21) and the top foil (1), and the minimum axial distance between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the top foil (1) along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1).

13. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top foil (1) includes a top foil flat section (1-1) and a top foil carrying area (1-2). The top foil flat section (1-1) is located radially outside the top foil carrying area (1-2). The top foil carrying area (1-2) is opposite to the area formed by the first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position along the axial direction. The substrate (4) includes a substrate flat section (4-1), which is opposite to the top foil flat section (1-1) in the axial direction. A first positioning hole (1-3) is provided on the top foil flat section (1-1), and a fourth positioning hole (4-2) is provided on the substrate flat section (4-1). The first layer foil (2) includes a first positioning hole (1-3) connected to the radially outer side of the first foil carrying area (2-2). The first foil outer flat section (2-1) has a second positioning hole (2-4) opened along the axial direction; the second layer of corrugated foil (3) includes a second corrugated foil outer flat section (3-1) connected to the radially outer side of the second corrugated foil bearing area (3-2), and the second corrugated foil outer flat section (3-1) has a third positioning hole (3-5) opened along the axial direction; the first positioning hole (1-3), the second positioning hole (2-4), the third positioning hole (3-5) and the fourth positioning hole (4-2) are all opposite to each other along the axial direction, so that the positioning element passes through the four holes at the same time to fix the top foil flat section (1-1), the first foil outer flat section (2-1), the second corrugated foil outer flat section (3-1) and the bottom film flat section (4-1) into one piece.

14. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that: When the first foil bearing area (2-2) is a flat foil structure, and the first foil bearing area (2-2) includes the first flat foil (2-23): The second wave foil flat section (3-22) is connected to the substrate (4), and the second wave foil support end (3-21) protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the second wave foil flat section (3-22). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the substrate (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the first flat foil (2-23) are spaced apart, so that the minimum distance between the first flat foil (2-23) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the second wave foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1).

15. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 14, characterized in that: The second layer of corrugated foil (3) further includes a second corrugated foil bearing area (3-3) located at a second radial position. The second corrugated foil bearing area (3-3) includes a third corrugated foil support end (3-31) and a third corrugated foil flat section (3-32) alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The third corrugated foil support end (3-31) protrudes toward the top foil (1) relative to the third corrugated foil flat section (3-32). The first layer of foil (2) does not have corrugated foil at the second radial position. When the force borne by the top foil (1) on the side away from the substrate (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the first flat foil (2-23) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1). The minimum distance between the third corrugated foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the second corrugated foil support end (3-21) and the top foil (1).

16. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 15, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the third wave foil support end (3-31) is opposite to the second wave foil flat section (3-22), and the third wave foil flat section (3-32) is opposite to the second wave foil support end (3-21).

17. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 15, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the first flat foil (2-23) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and there is still a gap between the first flat foil (2-23) and the second wave foil support end (3-21), wherein the second preset force is greater than the first preset force.

18. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 17, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the first flat foil (2-23) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, and there is still a gap between the first flat foil (2-23) and the second wave foil support end (3-21), wherein the third preset force is greater than the second preset force.

19. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 18, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) that is axially away from the bottom film (4) is greater than the third preset force, the first flat foil (2-23) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, and the first flat foil (2-23) comes into contact with the second wave foil support end (3-21) and deforms.

20. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to any one of claims 15-19, characterized in that: The first layer foil (2) also includes a second first foil bearing area (2-3) located at the third radial position. The second first foil bearing area (2-3) is a flat foil structure, including a second flat foil (2-33). The second layer corrugated foil (3) also includes a third second corrugated foil bearing area (3-4) located at the third radial position. The third second corrugated foil bearing area (3-4) includes a fifth corrugated foil support end (3-41) and a fifth corrugated foil flat section (3-42) alternately arranged along the circumferential direction. The first radial position, the second radial position and the third radial position are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside along the radial direction. The second flat foil (2-33) is located between the fifth corrugated foil support end (3-41) and the top foil (1) along the axial direction.

21. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 20, characterized in that: The fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) is connected to the substrate (4), and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) protrudes towards the top foil (1) relative to the fifth wave foil flat section (3-42). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the second flat foil (2-33) and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) are spaced apart. At this time, the minimum distance between the second flat foil (2-33) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and the minimum distance between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1) is less than the minimum distance between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the top foil (1).

22. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 21, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) is opposite to the third wave foil flat section (3-32), and the fifth wave foil flat section (3-42) is opposite to the third wave foil support end (3-31).

23. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 21, characterized in that: When the second preset force and the third preset force are also included: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) that is axially away from the bottom film (4) is greater than the first preset force and less than the second preset force, the second flat foil (2-33) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms. There is still a gap between the third wave foil support end (3-31) and the top foil (1), and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the second flat foil (2-33). When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the second preset force and less than the third preset force, the second flat foil (2-33) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, and there is still a gap between the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) and the second flat foil (2-33); When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is greater than the third preset force, the second flat foil (2-33) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, the third wave foil support end (3-31) comes into contact with the top foil (1) and deforms, and the fifth wave foil support end (3-41) comes into contact with the second flat foil (2-33) and deforms.

24. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 21, characterized in that: When the force on the side of the top foil (1) away from the bottom film (4) along the axial direction is 0 or less than the first preset force, the minimum distance between the second flat foil (2-33) and the top foil (1) along the axial direction is equal to the minimum distance between the first flat foil (2-23) and the top foil (1).

25. The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing according to claim 20, characterized in that: The top foil (1) includes a top foil flat section (1-1) and a top foil carrying area (1-2). The top foil flat section (1-1) is located radially outside the top foil carrying area (1-2). The top foil carrying area (1-2) is opposite to the area formed by the first radial position, the second radial position, and the third radial position along the axial direction. The substrate (4) includes a substrate flat section (4-1), which is opposite to the top foil flat section (1-1) in the axial direction. A first positioning hole (1-3) is provided on the top foil flat section (1-1), and a fourth positioning hole (4-2) is provided on the substrate flat section (4-1). The first layer foil (2) includes a first layer foil connected to the radially outer side of the first flat foil (2-23). The first outer flat section (2-1) of the foil has a second positioning hole (2-4) along the axial direction; the second layer of corrugated foil (3) includes a second outer flat section (3-1) of the corrugated foil connected to the radially outer side of the second corrugated foil bearing area (3-2), and the second outer flat section (3-1) of the corrugated foil has a third positioning hole (3-5) along the axial direction; the first positioning hole (1-3), the second positioning hole (2-4), the third positioning hole (3-5) and the fourth positioning hole (4-2) are all opposite to each other along the axial direction, so that the positioning element passes through the four holes at the same time to fix the top foil flat section (1-1), the first outer flat section (2-1), the second outer flat section (3-1) of the corrugated foil and the bottom flat section (4-1) into one piece.

26. An electric motor, characterized in that: The adaptive foil gas thrust bearing includes any one of claims 1-25.

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