Bionic neural circuit module based on artificial synapse device

Abstract

The application is a kind of bionic nerve circuit model based on artificial synapse device. The circuit model is composed of n multi-stage connections of synapse-LIF artificial neuron devices. The composition of the synapse-LIF artificial neuron device includes synapse-like device and cytoplasm-like device. The synapse-like device includes artificial synapse device, voltage dividing resistor and voltage control switch. The cytoplasm-like device includes one comparator. Through different combinations of the four devices, namely excitatory synapse-like device, inhibitory synapse-like device, excitatory cytoplasm-like device and inhibitory cytoplasm-like device, the devices of six circuits, including feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, disinhibition circuit and mutual inhibition circuit, are formed. The application realizes the functions of perception afferent, information integration and motor control in the motor nervous system through the circuit model group, which is helpful for the repair or reconstruction of damaged motor conduction circuit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a biological neural loop model construction method in the field of neuromorphic perception computing. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the progress of information technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things and 5G communication, the amount of new data has increased explosively. Under the traditional von Neumann architecture, the development of the hardware device with separated storage and calculation is seriously limited by the data transmission bottleneck. In addition, the neural network algorithm cannot be independent of the training data set, and cannot realize general intelligence. Compared with this, the human brain relies on the neural network composed of synapses and neurons, can cope with complex environmental changes, and the energy consumption is only a few fJ / peak order. The further development of artificial intelligence urgently needs a new paradigm of neural simulation with high universality and adaptability based on a neuromorphic complete hardware device. SUMMARY

[0003] The application aims at the limitations in the prior art, and provides a bionic neural loop model constructed based on an artificial synapse device. The bionic neural loop model takes a synapse-LIF (Leaky-Integrity-Fire) artificial neuron device as a basic unit, connects multiple levels of synapse-LIF artificial neuron devices based on the neural network structure of the nervous system in the human brain, and simulates the basic neural loop of the human brain in information processing. The bionic neural loop model realizes the functions of perception afferent, information integration and motor control in the motor nervous system through a loop model group, and is helpful to the repair or reconstruction of the damaged motor conduction circuit.

[0004] The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

[0005] A bionic neural loop model constructed based on an artificial synapse device is composed of multiple levels of n synapse-LIF artificial neuron devices, wherein n=2-2000.

[0006] The neural loop model comprises six kinds of feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, disinhibition circuit and mutual inhibition circuit.

[0007] The synapse-LIF artificial neuron device comprises a synapse-like device and a cytoplasm-like device.

[0008] The synapse-like device comprises an artificial synapse device, a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage control switch.

[0009] The artificial synapse device comprises an insulating substrate, a semiconductor layer distributed on the substrate, a source and a drain (both are metal electrodes) on the two sides of the semiconductor layer, an ionic glue layer covering the source, the drain and the semiconductor layer therebetween, and a gate electrode distributed on the ionic glue layer. Three electrodes are led out.

[0010] The material of the insulating substrate is silicon dioxide, and the thickness is 300 nanometers;

[0011] The material of the source and the drain is the same, specifically high-purity gold, and the thickness is 40-200 nanometers;

[0012] The material of the ion glue layer is specifically a hydrogel containing movable ions, such as chitosan containing hydrogen ions and sodium alginate containing sodium ions, and the thickness is 50-80 microns;

[0013] The material of the gate is high-purity gold, and the thickness is 40-200 nanometers;

[0014] The artificial synapse device is divided into an n-type artificial synapse device or a p-type artificial synapse device according to different semiconductor layer materials;

[0015] The semiconductor layer material of the n-type artificial synapse device is specifically tin oxide or zinc oxide, and the semiconductor layer material of the p-type artificial synapse device is specifically P3HT;

[0016] The synapse-like device is divided into an excitatory synapse-like device or an inhibitory synapse-like device according to different artificial synapse devices in the component parts;

[0017] The excitatory synapse-like device comprises an n-type artificial synapse device, a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage control switch;

[0018] The inhibitory synapse-like device comprises a p-type artificial synapse device, a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage control switch;

[0019] The voltage control switch in the synapse-like device comprises two triodes and an upper pull resistor; the control end of the voltage control switch is connected with the base of the first triode; the collector of the first triode is connected with one end of the upper pull resistor and the base of the second triode, and the other end of the upper pull resistor is connected with a power supply; the emitter of the first triode is connected with the ground; the first connecting end of the voltage control switch is connected with the emitter of the second triode; and the second connecting end of the voltage control switch is connected with the collector of the second triode;

[0020] In the synapse-like device, the drain of the artificial synapse device is connected with the first connecting end of the voltage control switch; the source of the artificial synapse device is connected with one end of the voltage dividing resistor and the same direction input end of the comparator, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor is connected with the ground; the control end of the voltage control switch is connected with the output end of the comparator; and the gate of the artificial synapse device receives an input signal;

[0021] The class body organ includes one comparator; the same direction input end of the comparator is connected with the drain of the artificial synapse device and one end of the voltage dividing resistor respectively; the reverse input end of the comparator is connected with a voltage source, and the voltage value of the voltage source is the amplitude of the neuron firing pulse; the positive power supply end of the comparator is connected with a positive power supply; the negative power supply end of the comparator is connected with a negative power supply; and the output end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the voltage control switch.

[0022] When the positive power supply end of the comparator is connected with a positive voltage (5V) and the negative power supply end is connected with the ground, a positive pulse is fired, and at this time, the class body organ is excitatory; when the positive power supply end of the comparator is connected with the ground and the negative power supply end is connected with a negative voltage (-5V), a negative pulse is fired, and at this time, the class body organ is inhibitory.

[0023] The class body organ is divided into two types, namely excitatory class body organ and inhibitory class body organ.

[0024] The nerve loop model includes six types of circuits, namely feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, disinhibition circuit and mutual inhibition circuit; and the four types of devices, namely excitatory class synapse organ, inhibitory class synapse organ, excitatory class body organ and inhibitory class body organ, are different in quantity and combination, and constitute the bionic nerve loop model based on the artificial synapse device.

[0025] The specific connection composition of the six types of circuits is as follows:

[0026] The feedforward excitation loop model includes three class body organs and three class synapse organs; wherein the three class body organs are a first excitatory class body organ 102, a second excitatory class body organ 104 and a third excitatory class body organ 106; the three class synapse organs are a first excitatory class synapse organ 101, a second excitatory class synapse organ 103 and a third excitatory class synapse organ 105; the connection mode is that the gate 1011 of the first excitatory class synapse organ 101 receives the input signal of the entire loop, the source end 1013 of the first excitatory class synapse organ 101 outputs and is connected with the in-phase input end 1021 of the first excitatory class body organ 102, the output end 1023 of the first excitatory class body organ 102 is connected with the gate 1031 of the second excitatory class synapse organ 103, the source end 1033 of the second excitatory class synapse organ 103 outputs and is connected with the in-phase input end 1041 of the second excitatory class body organ 104, the output end 1043 of the second excitatory class body organ 104 outputs and is connected with the gate 1051 of the third excitatory class synapse organ 105, the source end 1053 of the third excitatory class synapse organ 105 outputs and is connected with the in-phase input end 1061 of the third excitatory class body organ 106, and the output of the output end 1063 of the third excitatory class body organ 106 is the output of the entire loop model;

[0027] The feedforward inhibition loop module includes four synapse-like devices: a first excitatory synapse-like device 201, a second excitatory synapse-like device 203, a first inhibitory synapse-like device 205, and a third excitatory synapse-like device 207; three cell body-like devices: a first excitatory cell body-like device 202, a first inhibitory cell body-like device 204, and a second excitatory cell body-like device 206; and the connection mode is as follows: the gate 2011 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 201 receives an input stimulus of the entire loop, the output of the source 2013 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 201 is connected to the input of the in-phase input end 2021 of the first excitatory cell body-like device 202, the output end 2023 of the first excitatory cell body-like device 202 is connected to the input of the gate 2031 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 203 and the gate 2071 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 207, the output 2033 of the source 2033 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 203 is connected to the input of the in-phase input end 2041 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 204, the output end 2043 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 204 is connected to the input of the gate 2051 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 205, and the output of the source 2053 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 205 and the source 2073 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 207 are jointly connected to the in-phase input end 2061 of the second excitatory cell body-like device 206, and the output end 2063 of the second excitatory cell body-like device 206 outputs an output signal of the entire loop module;

[0028] The feedback inhibition loop module includes four synapse-like devices: a first excitatory synapse-like device 301, a second excitatory synapse-like device 303, a third excitatory synapse-like device 305, and a first inhibitory synapse-like device 307; three cell-like devices: a first excitatory cell-like device 302, a second excitatory cell-like device 304, and a first inhibitory cell-like device 306; and the connection mode of the feedback inhibition loop module is as follows: the gate 3011 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 301 receives an input stimulus of the entire loop, the source 3013 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 301 outputs and is connected to the input of the in-phase input end 3021 of the first excitatory cell-like device 302, the output end 3023 of the first excitatory cell-like device 302 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3031 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 303, the source 3033 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 303 outputs and is connected to the input of the in-phase input end 3041 of the second excitatory cell-like device 304, the output end 3043 of the second excitatory cell-like device 304 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3051 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305, the source 3053 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305 outputs and is connected to the input of the in-phase input end 3061 of the first inhibitory cell-like device 306, the output end 3063 of the first inhibitory cell-like device 306 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3071 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307, and the source 3073 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307 is also connected to the input of the in-phase input end 3041 of the second excitatory cell-like device 304; and the output signal of the output end 3043 of the second excitatory cell-like device 304 is the output of the entire loop module.

[0029] The lateral inhibitory loop motif includes 9 synapse-like elements: a first excitatory synapse-like element 401, a second excitatory synapse-like element 403, a third excitatory synapse-like element 405, a fourth excitatory synapse-like element 407, a first inhibitory synapse-like element 409, a second inhibitory synapse-like element 410, a fifth excitatory synapse-like element 411, a sixth excitatory synapse-like element 413, a seventh excitatory synapse-like element 415; 7 soma-like elements: a first excitatory soma-like element 402, a second excitatory soma-like element 404, a third excitatory soma-like element 406, a first inhibitory soma-like element 408, a fourth excitatory soma-like element 412, a fifth excitatory soma-like element 414, a sixth excitatory soma-like element 416;The connection mode is that the gate 4011 of the first excitatory synapse 401, the gate 4031 of the second excitatory synapse 403, and the gate 4051 of the third excitatory synapse 405 respectively receive different input pulse signals, the output of the source 4013 of the first excitatory synapse 401, the output of the source 4033 of the second excitatory synapse 403, and the output of the source 4053 of the third excitatory synapse 405 are respectively connected to the in-phase input end 4021 of the first excitatory soma 402, the in-phase input end 4041 of the second excitatory soma 404, and the in-phase input end 4061 of the third excitatory soma 406, the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402, the output end 4043 of the second excitatory soma 404, and the output end 4063 of the third excitatory soma 406 are respectively connected to the gate 4111 of the fifth excitatory synapse 411, the gate 4131 of the sixth excitatory synapse 413, and the gate 4151 of the seventh excitatory synapse 415, the output of the source 4113 of the fifth excitatory synapse 411, the output of the source 4133 of the sixth excitatory synapse 413, and the output of the source 4153 of the seventh excitatory synapse 415 are respectively connected to the in-phase input end 4121 of the fourth excitatory soma 412, the in-phase input end 4141 of the fifth excitatory soma 414, and the in-phase input end 4161 of the sixth excitatory soma 416, the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402 is connected to the gate 4071 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407, the output of the source 4073 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407 is connected to the in-phase input end 4081 of the first inhibitory soma 408, the output end 4083 of the first inhibitory soma 408 is connected to the gate 4091 of the first inhibitory synapse 409 and the gate 4101 of the second inhibitory synapse 410, the output of the source 4093 of the first inhibitory synapse 409 and the output of the source 4103 of the second inhibitory synapse 410 are respectively connected to the in-phase input end 4141 of the fifth excitatory soma 414 and the in-phase input end 4161 of the sixth excitatory soma 416, and the output end 4123 of the fourth excitatory soma 412, the output end 4143 of the fifth excitatory soma 414, and the output end 4163 of the sixth excitatory soma 416 are the outputs of the whole loop model.

[0030] The disinhibition loop model body comprises three synapse-like devices: a first excitatory synapse-like device 501, a first inhibitory synapse-like device 503, and a second excitatory synapse-like device 505; two cell body-like devices: a first inhibitory cell body-like device 502, a second inhibitory cell body-like device 504, and a first excitatory cell body-like device 506; the connection mode is that the gate 5011 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 501 and the gate 5051 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 505 receive an input pulse signal, the output of the source 5013 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 501 and the gate 5051 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 505 is connected to the in-phase input end 5021 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 502 and the in-phase input port 5041 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 504, respectively, the output end 5023 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 502 is connected to the gate 5031 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 503, the source 5033 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 503 is connected to the in-phase input port 5041 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 504, and the output signal of the output port 5043 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 504 is the output of the entire loop model body.

[0031] The mutual inhibition loop model body comprises four synapse-like devices: a first inhibitory synapse-like device 601, a second inhibitory synapse-like device 603, a third inhibitory synapse-like device 604, and a fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606; two cell body-like devices: a first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 and a second inhibitory cell body-like device 605; the connection mode is that the gate 6011 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 601 and the gate 6041 of the third inhibitory synapse-like device 604 input a pulse signal, the source 6013 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 601 and the source 6043 of the third inhibitory synapse-like device 604 are connected to the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605, respectively, the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605 are connected to the gate 6061 of the fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606 and the gate 6031 of the second inhibitory synapse-like device 603, respectively, and the source 6063 of the fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606 and the source 6033 of the second inhibitory synapse-like device 603 are connected to the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605 and the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602, respectively.

[0032] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] Neurons are basic units of brain information processing Figure 1), neurons are connected by nearly a million synapses to form a huge and complex pulse neural network by transmitting neural pulse sequences. At present, the intelligent control based on traditional computing is completed by pre-training through high-precision (such as 32-bit floating point) numerical parameters and huge data sets, and the database trained robot can only perform repetitive operations in a controlled environment and cannot realize autonomous operation in a dynamic environment with variability and unpredictability, so there is a big gap in power consumption and adaptive performance compared with biological pulse neural networks, and the brain structure and typical circuit for realizing the same function are ignored. The present application 1) constructs a synapse-LIF artificial neuron device based on an artificial synapse device, compared with the common LIF neuron device, the number of transistors is reduced by nearly 50% while realizing the function of driving the neuron to complete information coding with different pulse signals as the biological neuron (Ileakage Figure 3 、 4 respectively are the structure of the common LIF neuron device and the synapse-LIF artificial neuron device, Figure 6 is the leakage current of the artificial synapse device under 1Hz\2.5Hz\5Hz pulse stimulation, the higher the frequency, the greater the slope of the leakage current increase; Figure 7 It is illustrated that the artificial neuron device has similar characteristics to biological neurons, that is, it can accumulate electric charge and fire pulses to the next stage of neurons under pulse stimulation); 2) six kinds of bionic neural circuit models (feedforward excitation; feedforward inhibition; feedback inhibition; lateral inhibition; disinhibition; mutual inhibition) hardware circuits are constructed with the synapse-LIF artificial neuron device as the basic unit. The circuit model is derived from the model of neural circuit in the biological brain, and the constructed circuit model covers the basic logical relationship of information processing between neurons in the neural network. Through the combination of the circuit model that can predict behavior, an artificial afferent / efferent nerve with autonomous adjustment ability is constructed, which provides a reliable technical foundation for adaptive neuro-morphic perception and control behavior in unpredictable environments in robot technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is the structure of the human brain neural network;

[0035] Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the artificial synapse device;

[0036] Figure 3 is the common LIF neuron device;

[0037] Figure 4 is the synapse-LIF neuron model;

[0038] Figure 5 is the internal structure diagram of the voltage-controlled switch;

[0039] Figure 6 is the output current curve of the leakage end of the artificial synapse device under different pulse stimulation;

[0040] Figure 7 Waveform diagram of charge accumulation-pulse firing in synaptic-LIF neurons;

[0041] Figure 8 Loop Module 1: Feedforward Excitation;

[0042] Figure 9 Loop Module Two: Feedforward Suppression;

[0043] Figure 10 For loop module three: feedback suppression;

[0044] Figure 11 For loop phantom four: side suppression;

[0045] Figure 12 For loop module five: Desuppression;

[0046] Figure 13 For loop module six: mutual inhibition; Detailed Implementation

[0047] The bio-inspired model of this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the brain is a vast collection of highly dynamic neurons, and information propagates through neural networks via synapses. The human brain contains 80 billion neurons and over 100 trillion synapses. Neurons are connected to each other through synapses, which transmit electrical signals from one neuron to the next.

[0048] The current LIF neuron device is composed of, for example, Figure 3 As shown: It includes a charge accumulation-leakage device and a threshold comparison-pulse generator; the device uses an integrating circuit composed of an operational amplifier and capacitors and resistors to mimic the change in membrane potential of biological neurons under electrical stimulation signals; since the operational amplifier is composed of multiple transistors based on silicon-based circuits, its large package size and rigid material characteristics limit the application of common LIF neuron devices in highly integrated wearable devices.

[0049] This invention replaces the integrator circuit composed of comparators, capacitors, and resistors in common LIF neuron devices with artificial synaptic devices, and utilizes its characteristic of continuously regulating conductance through voltage to achieve changes in neuronal membrane potential.

[0050] This invention constructs a synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device based on artificial synaptic devices, and a neural circuit phantom is formed by multi-level connections of n synaptic-LIF artificial neuron devices, where n=2~2000;

[0051] The neural circuit model includes six types of circuits, i.e., feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, disinhibition circuit and mutual inhibition circuit.

[0052] The composition of the synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device is shown in Figure 4 The composition of the synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device is shown in

[0053] The composition of the synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device is shown in Figure 3 The left side shows an artificial synapse device, a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage control switch.

[0054] The artificial synapse device belongs to the prior art, and can refer to patent CN113659078A or other related technologies; the structure of the artificial synapse device is shown in Figure 2 The composition of the synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device is shown in

[0055] The specific composition of the artificial synapse device according to the present application is as follows, but is not limited thereto:

[0056] The insulating substrate is made of silicon dioxide, and has a thickness of 300 nanometers.

[0057] The drain electrode 12 and the source electrode 13 are made of high-purity gold, and have a thickness of 40-200 nanometers.

[0058] The ion gel layer is made of a hydrogel containing movable ions, such as chitosan containing hydrogen ions and sodium alginate containing nanometer ions, and has a thickness of 50-80 micrometers.

[0059] The gate electrode 11 is made of high-purity gold, and has a thickness of 40-200 nanometers.

[0060] The artificial synapse device is divided into an n-type artificial synapse device or a p-type artificial synapse device according to the composition of the semiconductor layer material.

[0061] The semiconductor layer material of the n-type artificial synapse device is specifically tin oxide or zinc oxide; and the semiconductor layer material of the p-type artificial synapse device is specifically P3HT.

[0062] The synaptic-like synapse is divided into an excitatory synaptic-like synapse or an inhibitory synaptic-like synapse according to the different artificial synapse devices in the component parts.

[0063] The excitatory synaptic-like synapse includes an n-type artificial synapse device, a voltage dividing resistor and a voltage control switch.

[0064] The inhibitory synapse-like device comprises a p-type artificial synapse device, a voltage divider resistor and a voltage control switch.

[0065] The internal structure of the voltage control switch in the synapse-like device 1 is shown in Figure 4 The voltage control switch comprises two triodes and a pull-up resistor; the control end 16 of the voltage control switch is connected with the base of the first triode; the collector 17 of the first triode is connected with one end of the pull-up resistor and the base 19 of the second triode, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected with a power supply; the emitter 18 of the first triode is connected with the ground; the first connecting end 14 of the voltage control switch is connected with the emitter of the second triode; the second connecting end of the voltage control switch is connected with the collector of the second triode; and the internal triode of the voltage control switch is MJL3281AG.

[0066] In the synapse-like device 1, the drain 12 of the artificial synapse device is connected with the first connecting end 14 of the voltage control switch; the source 13 of the artificial synapse device is connected with one end of the voltage divider resistor and the same-phase input end 21 of the comparator, and the other end of the voltage divider resistor is connected with the ground; the control end 16 of the voltage control switch is connected with the output end 23 of the comparator; and the gate of the artificial synapse device receives an input signal (usually the output signal of the previous synapse-LIF artificial neuron device, and the signal form is a pulse signal).

[0067] The cell body-like device 2 is shown in Figure 4 As shown on the right side, the cell body-like device 2 comprises one comparator; the same-phase input end 21 of the comparator is connected with the source 13 of the artificial synapse device and one end of the voltage divider resistor; the opposite-phase input end 22 of the comparator is connected with a voltage source, and the voltage value of the voltage source is the threshold value of the neuron firing pulse; the positive power supply end 24 of the comparator is connected with a positive power supply; the negative power supply end 25 of the comparator is connected with a negative power supply; the output end 23 of the comparator is connected with the control end 16 of the voltage control switch; and the model of the comparator includes but is not limited to LM393.

[0068] The comparator is used for comparing the voltage signals of the two input ports in the same phase and in the opposite phase.

[0069] The synapse-LIF (Leaky-Integrity-Fire) artificial neuron model in the application is implemented as follows:

[0070] The characteristics of the artificial synapse device are shown in Figure 6As shown, taking an N-type artificial synapse device as an example: the drain electrode is connected to a positive voltage, and a positive pulse signal is input to the gate electrode. Under the action of continuous positive pulse signals, the current at the drain electrode of the artificial synapse device continuously increases, and the higher the pulse frequency, the faster the increase in the drain current. The change in the drain current indicates that the conductance of the N-type device decreases under the action of a positive gate voltage, and the conductance of the artificial synapse device increases under the action of a negative gate voltage. Similarly, the conductance of a P-type device decreases under the action of a negative gate voltage, and the conductance increases under the action of a positive gate voltage.

[0071] 1) Charge accumulation process (taking an N-type device as an example): when the control end 16 of the voltage-controlled switch is at a low voltage, the voltage-controlled switch is closed (the first connection end 14 of the voltage-controlled switch is connected to the second connection end 15), the bias voltage source is connected to the drain electrode 12 of the artificial synapse device, and under the action of continuous positive pulse signals, the conductance of the artificial synapse device decreases, the ratio of the resistance of the artificial synapse device to the resistance of the voltage divider decreases, and a gradually increasing voltage can be tested at the 13 port (as shown by the dashed line in the middle). Figure 7

[0072] 2) Charge leakage process (taking an N-type device as an example): when the control end 16 of the voltage-controlled switch is at a high voltage, the voltage-controlled switch is open (the first connection end 14 of the voltage-controlled switch is disconnected from the second connection end 15); the artificial synapse device is disconnected from the bias voltage source, and the voltage at the source electrode 13 of the artificial synapse device decreases.

[0073] 3) Threshold comparison process: when the voltage value at the 21 port exceeds the voltage input at the reverse input end 22 of the comparator, the output voltage at the output end 23 of the comparator is equal to the supply voltage of the positive power supply port 24, and when the voltage at the 21 port does not reach the voltage at the 22 port, the output voltage at the 23 port is the supply voltage of the negative power supply port 25.

[0074] 4) Pulse emission process (taking an N-type device as an example): the output end 23 of the comparator and the control end 16 of the voltage-controlled switch are at the same potential, and when both ports are at a low potential, the bias voltage source is connected to the drain electrode 12 of the artificial synapse device, and under the action of continuous positive pulse signals, the conductance of the artificial synapse device decreases, the ratio of the resistance of the artificial synapse device to the resistance of the voltage divider decreases, and a gradually increasing voltage can be tested at the 13 port, and the voltage at the same direction input end 21 port of the comparator increases together with the voltage at the source electrode 13 of the artificial synapse device (as shown by the dashed line in the middle). Figure 7 ​As shown in the middle dashed line), until the 21 port point exceeds the threshold voltage of the reverse input end 22 of the comparator, the output end 23 of the comparator outputs the power supply voltage of the positive power supply port 24, and the control end 16 of the voltage control switch is positive voltage at this time, so that the voltage control switch is turned off, and the voltage of the 13 port is gradually reduced; the voltage of the same direction input end 21 of the comparator is reduced together with the voltage of the source electrode 13 of the artificial synapse device, until the voltage of the 21 port is lower than the threshold voltage of the reverse input end 22 of the comparator; the output end 23 of the comparator outputs the power supply voltage of the negative power supply port 25, and the 23 port forms a pulse in the positive / negative power supply voltage flipping process (as shown in the middle dashed line). Figure 7 As shown in the middle dashed line).

[0075] The neural loop model body comprises: a feedforward excitation circuit, a feedforward inhibition circuit, a feedback inhibition circuit, a lateral inhibition circuit, a disinhibition circuit and a mutual inhibition circuit; each circuit is formed by different combinations of four devices, namely excitatory synapse-like devices, inhibitory synapse-like devices, excitatory cell body-like devices and inhibitory cell body-like devices.

[0076] The structures of the excitatory synapse-like devices and the inhibitory synapse-like devices are consistent, and the device structure comprises: a substrate, a distributed gate insulating layer on the substrate, a semiconductor layer and a metal layer in sequence on the gate insulating layer, the difference between the excitatory synapse-like devices and the inhibitory synapse-like devices lies in that the artificial synapse devices are n-type and p-type artificial synapse devices respectively, the difference between the n-type and p-type artificial synapse devices lies in that the semiconductor layer materials are n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor respectively (the device preparation belongs to the prior art, and can refer to patent CN113659078A or other related technologies), and the n-type artificial synapse device is affected by the semiconductor layer material, and the conductance decreases under the action of positive gate voltage and increases under the action of negative gate voltage, and the p-type artificial synapse device is affected by the semiconductor layer material, and the conductance decreases under the action of negative gate voltage and increases under the action of positive gate voltage.

[0077] The difference between the excitatory cell body-like device and the inhibitory cell body-like device lies in that the positive power supply port 24 of the excitatory cell body-like device is connected to a positive voltage (5V), the negative power supply port 25 is connected to the ground, and a positive pulse is emitted; the positive power supply port 24 of the inhibitory cell body-like device is connected to the ground, the negative power supply port 25 is connected to a negative voltage (-5V), and a negative pulse is emitted. The cell body-like device can be connected to multiple input or output synapse-like devices.

[0078] The bionic neural loop model body comprises six basic types: feedforward excitation, feedforward inhibition, feedback inhibition, lateral inhibition, mutual inhibition and disinhibition. On the basis of the six basic types, different numbers and different combinations are formed to form a plurality of different loop model bodies to form a loop model body group, so that a complex information processing network can be realized.

[0079] The computing module based on the Von Neumann architecture includes an input device, a memory, a CPU, a controller, and an output device, and the information processing process is: first, the input device inputs the original data to the computer memory; the numerical value is interpreted as an instruction according to the instruction set architecture of the CPU; then the controller calls the data to be processed or calculated into the operation unit; finally, the output device outputs the operation result. Unlike traditional computer processors, the brain processes information through about 86 billion neurons, connected by 10 15 synapses, forming a neural circuit between neurons, and then forming an extremely large and complex neural network. The neural circuit realizes various logic processing and supports the powerful computing and learning ability of the neural network. The present application constructs a bionic neural circuit model based on an artificial synapse device, and simulates the function and working mode of the human brain by processing electrical pulse signals (similar to the action potential of biological neurons) to process interactive perception and information processing tasks (such as somatosensory, image and speech recognition) with the environment.

[0080] In living organisms, during the process of transmitting sensory signals from peripheral nerves to central nerves, the transmission of excitatory signals (positive pulse signals) contains multiple feedforward excitation loop models. Feedforward excitation loop model is the main way of signal flow from one neural region to another in neural network. The feedforward excitation loop model is the simplest loop model, in which neurons are arranged in layers, each neuron only receives the output of the previous layer and outputs to the next layer, and there is no feedback between layers, which is the shortest transmission path of signal from input to output in neural network.

[0081] The composition of the feedforward excitation loop model is shown in Figure 8, including three cell-like organs and three synapse-like organs; wherein the three cell-like organs are a first excitatory cell-like organ 102, a second excitatory cell-like organ 104, and a third excitatory cell-like organ 106; the three synapse-like organs are a first excitatory synapse-like organ 101, a second excitatory synapse-like organ 103, and a third excitatory synapse-like organ 105; the connection mode is that the gate 1011 of the first excitatory synapse-like organ 101 receives an input signal of the entire loop, the source end 1013 of the first excitatory synapse-like organ 101 outputs to connect the in-phase input end 1021 of the first excitatory cell-like organ 102, the output port 1023 of the first excitatory cell-like organ 102 is connected to the gate 1031 of the second excitatory synapse-like organ 103, the source end 1033 of the second excitatory synapse-like organ 103 outputs to connect the in-phase input end 1041 of the second excitatory cell-like organ 104, the output port 1043 of the second excitatory cell-like organ 104 outputs to connect the gate 1051 of the third excitatory synapse-like organ 105, the source end 1053 of the third excitatory synapse-like organ 105 outputs to connect the in-phase input end 1061 of the third excitatory cell-like organ 106, and the output of the output port 1063 of the third excitatory cell-like organ 106 is the output of the entire loop.

[0082] Wherein, the feedforward excitation logic implementation process: the gate 1011 of the first excitatory synapse 101 input the entire loop input signal (pulse or square wave), the voltage of the source 1013 of the first excitatory synapse 101 increased, 1013 and the noninverting input 1021 of the first excitatory soma device 102 connected, 1021 voltage increased, through the first excitatory soma device 102 voltage comparison process, the output port 1023 of the first excitatory soma device 102 fired positive pulse, the excitatory signal from the first excitatory synapse 101 to the first excitatory soma device 102; The gate 1031 of the second excitatory synapse 103 and the output port 1023 of the first excitatory soma device 102 connected, the gate 1031 of the second excitatory synapse 103 received the positive pulse stimulation of the output port 1023 of the first excitatory soma device 102, the voltage of the source 1033 of the second excitatory synapse 103 increased, 1033 and the noninverting input 1041 of the second excitatory soma device 104 connected, 1041 voltage increased, through the second excitatory soma device 104 voltage comparison process, the output port 1043 of the second excitatory soma device 104 fired positive pulse, the excitatory signal from the second excitatory synapse 103 to the second excitatory soma device 104; The gate 1051 of the third excitatory synapse 105 and the output port 1043 of the second excitatory soma device 104 connected, received the pulse stimulation of 1043, the voltage of the source 1053 of the third excitatory synapse 105 increased, 1053 and the noninverting input 1061 of the third excitatory soma device 106 connected, 1061 voltage increased, through the third excitatory soma device 106 voltage comparison process, the output 1063 of the third excitatory soma device 106 fired positive pulse, the excitatory signal from the third excitatory synapse 105 to the third excitatory soma device 106; The entire loop realizes the long distance transmission of the excitatory signal from the first excitatory synapse 101 to the third excitatory soma device 106.

[0083] Feedforward inhibition and feedback inhibition are the basic loop of adjusting the activity intensity of the neural network, and the feedforward inhibition loop model and the feedback inhibition loop model are used to control the output to maintain a certain intensity (output a certain frequency of pulse signal) or control the time length of the output neuron excitation (the time of continuous output pulse).

[0084] The feedforward inhibition loop model is that the inhibitory soma device inhibits the output pulse intensity of the next stage soma device according to the output pulse frequency of the previous stage soma device. The connection structure of the feedforward inhibition loop model is shown in Figure 9, including four kinds of synapse: the first excitatory synapse 201, the second excitatory synapse 203, the first inhibitory synapse 205, the third excitatory synapse 207; three kinds of cell body: the first excitatory cell body 202, the first inhibitory cell body 204, the second excitatory cell body 206; The connection mode is: the gate 2011 of the first excitatory synapse 201 receives the input stimulus of the whole loop, the source 2013 of the first excitatory synapse 201 outputs and connects the input of the noninverting input terminal 2021 of the first excitatory cell body 202, the output terminal 2023 of the first excitatory cell body 202 outputs and connects the input of the gate 2031 of the second excitatory synapse 203 and the gate 2071 of the third excitatory synapse 207, the source 2033 of the second excitatory synapse 203 outputs and connects the input of the noninverting input terminal 2041 of the first inhibitory cell body 204, the output terminal 2043 of the first inhibitory cell body 204 connects the input of the gate 2051 of the first inhibitory synapse 205, the source 2053 of the first inhibitory synapse 205 and the source 2073 of the third excitatory synapse 207 are connected together to the noninverting input terminal 2061 of the second excitatory cell body 206, and the output terminal 2063 of the second excitatory cell body 206 outputs the output signal of the whole loop.

[0085] The feed-forward inhibition logic implementation process is as follows: the gate 2011 of the first excitatory synapse 201 inputs the pulse signal of the entire loop, the voltage of the source 2013 of the first excitatory synapse 201 increases, the source 2013 is connected with the non-inverting input 2021 of the first excitatory soma 202, the voltage of the non-inverting input 2021 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the first excitatory soma 202, the output 2023 of the first excitatory soma 202 outputs a positive pulse, that is, the excitatory signal is transmitted from the first excitatory synapse 201 to the first excitatory soma 202; the output 2023 of the first excitatory soma 202 is connected with the gate 2071 of the third excitatory synapse 207, the gate 2071 receives the positive pulse of the output 2023, the voltage of the source 2073 of the third excitatory synapse 207 increases, the non-inverting input 2061 of the second excitatory soma 206 is connected with the source 2073, the voltage of the non-inverting input 2061 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the second excitatory soma 206, the output 2063 of the second excitatory soma 206 outputs a positive pulse, and the excitatory signal is transmitted from the third excitatory synapse 207 to the second excitatory soma 206; the gate 2031 of the second excitatory synapse 203 receives the positive pulse output by the output 2023 of the first excitatory soma 202, the voltage of the source 2033 of the second excitatory synapse 203 increases, the source 2033 is connected with the non-inverting input 2041 of the first inhibitory soma 204, after the voltage comparison process of the first inhibitory soma 204, the output 2043 of the first inhibitory soma 204 emits a negative pulse; the gate 2051 of the first inhibitory synapse 205 receives the negative pulse output by the output 2043 of the first inhibitory soma 204, the voltage of the source 2053 of the first inhibitory synapse 205 decreases, the source 2053 is connected with the non-inverting input 2061 of the second excitatory soma 206, the voltage of the non-inverting input 2061 decreases, after the voltage comparison of the second excitatory soma 206, the output 2063 of the second excitatory soma 206 emits a positive pulse with a reduced frequency, and the inhibitory signal is transmitted from the first inhibitory synapse 205 to the second excitatory soma 206; the output 2063 of the second excitatory soma 206 outputs the output pulse signal of the entire loop. The application is applied to a control system for making inhibitory adjustment according to input intensity.

[0086] The feedback inhibition loop model is that the inhibitory soma outputs an inhibitory signal to reverse the pulse frequency of the front-stage soma according to the pulse frequency output by the front-stage soma. The feedback inhibition loop model is shown in the following figure: Figure 10, including four types of synaptic organs: the first excitatory synaptic organ 301, the second excitatory synaptic organ 303, the third excitatory synaptic organ 305, and the first inhibitory synaptic organ 307; three types of cell body organs: the first excitatory cell body organ 302, the second excitatory cell body organ 304, and the first inhibitory cell body organ 306. The connection mode of the feedback inhibition loop model is as follows: the gate 3011 of the first excitatory synaptic organ 301 receives the input stimulus of the entire loop, the source 3013 of the first excitatory synaptic organ 301 outputs and is connected to the input of the non-inverting input terminal 3021 of the first excitatory cell body organ 302, the output terminal 3023 of the first excitatory cell body organ 302 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3031 of the second excitatory synaptic organ 303, the source 3033 of the second excitatory synaptic organ 303 outputs and is connected to the input of the non-inverting input terminal 3041 of the second excitatory cell body organ 304, the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory cell body organ 304 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3051 of the third excitatory synaptic organ 305, the source 3053 of the third excitatory synaptic organ 305 outputs and is connected to the input of the non-inverting input terminal 3061 of the first inhibitory cell body organ 306, the output terminal 3063 of the first inhibitory cell body organ 306 outputs and is connected to the input of the gate 3071 of the first inhibitory synaptic organ 307, and the source 3073 of the first inhibitory synaptic organ 307 outputs and is also connected to the input of the non-inverting input terminal 3041 of the second excitatory cell body organ 304. The output signal of the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory cell body organ 304 is the output of the entire loop.

[0087] The feedback inhibition logic implementation process is as follows: the gate 3011 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 301 inputs the input signal of the whole loop, the voltage of the source 3013 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 301 increases, the source 3013 is connected with the noninverting input terminal 3021 of the first excitatory soma-like device 302, the voltage of the noninverting input terminal 3021 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the first excitatory soma-like device 302, the output terminal 3023 of the first excitatory soma-like device 302 sends out a positive pulse, and the excitation signal is transmitted from the first excitatory synapse-like device 301 to the first excitatory soma-like device 302; the noninverting input terminal 3041 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 is connected with the source 3033 of the second excitatory synapse-like device 303, the voltage of the noninverting input terminal 3041 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the second excitatory soma-like device 304, the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 sends out a positive pulse, and the excitation signal is transmitted from the second excitatory synapse-like device 303 to the second excitatory soma-like device 304; the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 is connected with the gate 3051 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305, the gate 3051 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305 receives the positive pulse signal of the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304, the voltage of the source 3053 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305 increases, the source 3053 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305 is connected with the noninverting input terminal 3061 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 306, the voltage of the noninverting input terminal 3061 increases, after the voltage comparison of the first inhibitory soma-like device 306, the output terminal 3063 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 306 outputs a negative pulse, and the process that the output terminal 3063 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 306 outputs an inhibition signal according to the input signal of the gate 3051 of the third excitatory synapse-like device 305 is completed; the output terminal 3063 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 306 is connected with the gate 3071 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307, the gate 3071 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307 receives the negative pulse signal of the output terminal 3063, the voltage of the source 3073 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307 decreases, the source 3073 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307 is connected with the noninverting input terminal 3041 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304, the voltage of the noninverting input terminal 3041 decreases, after the voltage comparison process of the second excitatory soma-like device 304, the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 sends out a pulse with a reduced frequency, and the inhibition signal is transmitted from the first inhibitory synapse-like device 307 to the second excitatory soma-like device 304; the output terminal 3043 of the second excitatory soma-like device 304 outputs the output pulse signal of the whole loop.The first inhibitory spherule 306 inhibits the output pulse frequency of the second excitatory spherule 304 according to the output pulse frequency of the second excitatory spherule 304, so as to reduce the pulse firing frequency of the second excitatory spherule 304. The control system is applied to make feedback inhibition adjustment according to the intensity of the output signal of the previous stage.

[0088] The lateral inhibition loop model is to inhibit other spherules of the same stage after a spherule starts to fire pulses. The connection mode of the lateral inhibition loop model is shown in Figure 11, including 9 synapse-like devices: a first excitatory synapse-like device 401, a second excitatory synapse-like device 403, a third excitatory synapse-like device 405, a fourth excitatory synapse-like device 407, a first inhibitory synapse-like device 409, a second inhibitory synapse-like device 410, a fifth excitatory synapse-like device 411, a sixth excitatory synapse-like device 413, a seventh excitatory synapse-like device 415; 7 soma-like devices: a first excitatory soma-like device 402, a second excitatory soma-like device 404, a third excitatory soma-like device 406, a first inhibitory soma-like device 408, a fourth excitatory soma-like device 412, a fifth excitatory soma-like device 414, a sixth excitatory soma-like device 416. The connection mode is that the gates 4011, 4031, 4051 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 401, the second excitatory synapse-like device 403, and the third excitatory synapse-like device 405 respectively receive different input pulse signals, the outputs of the sources 4013, 4033, 4053 of the first excitatory synapse-like device 401, the second excitatory synapse-like device 403, and the third excitatory synapse-like device 405 are respectively connected to the in-phase input ends 4021, 4041, 4061 of the first excitatory soma-like device 402, the second excitatory soma-like device 404, and the third excitatory soma-like device 406, the outputs of the output ends 4023, 4043, 4063 of the first excitatory soma-like device 402, the second excitatory soma-like device 404, and the third excitatory soma-like device 406 are respectively connected to the gates 4111, 4131, 4151 of the fifth excitatory synapse-like device 411, the sixth excitatory synapse-like device 413, and the seventh excitatory synapse-like device 415, the outputs of the sources 4113, 4133, 4153 of the fifth excitatory synapse-like device 411, the sixth excitatory synapse-like device 413, and the seventh excitatory synapse-like device 415 are respectively connected to the in-phase input ends 4121, 4141, 4161 of the fourth excitatory soma-like device 412, the fifth excitatory soma-like device 414, and the sixth excitatory soma-like device 416, the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma-like device 402 is connected to the gate 4071 of the fourth excitatory synapse-like device 407, the output of the source 4073 of the fourth excitatory synapse-like device 407 is connected to the in-phase input end 4081 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 408, the output end 4083 of the first inhibitory soma-like device 408 is connected to the gates 4091, 4101 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 409 and the second inhibitory synapse-like device 410, the outputs of the sources 4093, 4103 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 409 and the second inhibitory synapse-like device 410 are respectively connected to the in-phase input ends 4141, 4161 of the fifth excitatory soma-like device 414 and the sixth excitatory soma-like device 416.

[0089] The implementation process of the side inhibition logic is as follows: the gate 4011 of the first excitatory synapse 401, the gate 4031 of the second excitatory synapse 403, and the gate 4051 of the third excitatory synapse 405 receive positive pulse signals of different frequencies. Taking the gate 4011 of the first excitatory synapse 401 as an example, the gate 4011 of the first excitatory synapse 401 receives a positive pulse signal with the highest frequency. The voltage of the source 4013 of the first excitatory synapse 401 increases, and the source 4013 of the first excitatory synapse 401 is connected to the in-phase input end 4021 of the first excitatory soma 402. The voltage of the in-phase input end 4021 increases, and the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402 sends out a positive pulse after the voltage comparison process of the first excitatory soma 402, thereby realizing the transmission of the excitatory signal from the first excitatory synapse 401 to the first excitatory soma 402. The output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402 is connected to the gate 4111 of the fifth excitatory synapse 411. The source 4111 of the fifth excitatory synapse 411 receives the positive pulse signal of the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402. The voltage of the source 4113 of the fifth excitatory synapse 411 increases, and the source 4113 is connected to the in-phase input end 4121 of the fourth excitatory soma 412. The voltage of the in-phase input end 4121 increases, and the output end 4123 of the fourth excitatory soma 412 outputs a positive pulse signal after the voltage comparison process of the fourth excitatory soma 412, thereby realizing the transmission of the excitatory signal from the fifth excitatory synapse 411 to the fourth excitatory soma 412. The output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402 is also connected to the gate 4071 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407. The gate 4071 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407 receives the positive pulse signal of the output end 4023 of the first excitatory soma 402. The voltage of the source 4073 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407 increases, and the source 4073 of the fourth excitatory synapse 407 is connected to the in-phase input end 4081 of the first inhibitory soma 408. The voltage of the in-phase input end 4081 of the first inhibitory soma 408 increases, and the output end 4083 of the first inhibitory soma 408 outputs a negative pulse after the voltage comparison process of the first inhibitory soma 408.The output end 4083 of the first inhibitory sitemosome 408 is connected with the gate 4091 of the first inhibitory synapsosome 409 and the gate 4101 of the second inhibitory synapsosome 410, the gate 4091 of the first inhibitory synapsosome 409 and the gate 4101 of the second inhibitory synapsosome 410 receive the negative pulse output by the output end 4083 of the first inhibitory sitemosome 408, the voltage of the source 4093 of the first inhibitory synapsosome 409 and the source 4103 of the second inhibitory synapsosome 410 is reduced, the voltage of the in-phase input end 4141 of the fifth excitatory sitemosome 414 and the in-phase input end 4161 of the sixth excitatory sitemosome 416 is reduced, the fifth excitatory sitemosome 414 and the sixth excitatory sitemosome 416 output a pulse with a reduced frequency, and the difference between the output pulse frequency of the fourth excitatory sitemosome 412 and the output pulse frequency of the fifth excitatory sitemosome 414 and the sixth excitatory sitemosome 416 is increased. The lateral inhibitory loop model is applied to amplify the difference in signal intensity between parallel pathways, and important information is selected to propagate to the downstream circuit by amplifying the difference in signal intensity between parallel pathways.

[0090] The function of the disinhibition loop model is to reduce the negative pulse output frequency of the inhibitory sitemosome. In the organism, if a new stimulus appears during the inhibition time (corresponding to the newly connected pulse signal in the loop model), the previous inhibition will appear temporarily disappeared. Figure 12 The disinhibition loop model includes three synapsosomes: the first excitatory synapsosome 501, the first inhibitory synapsosome 503, and the second excitatory synapsosome 505; two sitemosomes: the first inhibitory sitemosome 502, the second inhibitory sitemosome 504, and the first excitatory sitemosome 506. The connection mode is that the gate 5011 of the first excitatory synapsosome 501 and the gate 5051 of the second excitatory synapsosome 505 receive a positive pulse signal, the source 5013 of the first excitatory synapsosome 501 and the gate 5051 of the second excitatory synapsosome 505 are connected with the in-phase input end 5021 of the first inhibitory sitemosome 502 and the in-phase input end 5041 of the second inhibitory sitemosome 504, respectively, the output end 5023 of the first inhibitory sitemosome 502 is connected with the gate 5031 of the first inhibitory synapsosome 503, and the source 5033 of the first inhibitory synapsosome 503 is connected with the in-phase input end 5041 of the second inhibitory sitemosome 504.

[0091] The implementation process of the disinhibition logic is as follows: the gate 5011 of the first excitatory synapse 501 receives a pulse stimulus, the voltage of the source 5013 of the first excitatory synapse 501 increases, the noninverting input of the first inhibitory soma 502 is connected with the source 5013 of the first excitatory synapse 501, and the output port 5023 of the first inhibitory soma 502 outputs a negative pulse through the voltage comparison process of the first inhibitory soma 502; the gate 5031 of the first inhibitory synapse 503 receives the negative pulse output by the output port 5023 of the first inhibitory soma 502, the voltage of the source 5033 of the first inhibitory synapse 503 decreases, the noninverting input 5041 of the second inhibitory soma 504 is connected with the source 5033 of the first inhibitory synapse 503, the voltage of the noninverting input of the second inhibitory soma 504 decreases, and the output port 5043 of the second inhibitory soma 504 outputs a negative pulse signal through the voltage comparison process of the second inhibitory soma 504; when the gate 5051 of the second excitatory synapse 505 is connected with a positive pulse signal, the voltage of the source 5053 of the second excitatory synapse 505 increases, the noninverting input of the second inhibitory soma 504 integrates the voltage of the source 5053 of the second excitatory synapse 505 and the voltage of the source 5033 of the first inhibitory synapse 503, and the output port 5043 of the second inhibitory soma 504 outputs a negative pulse signal with a reduced frequency.

[0092] The mutual inhibition loop model is used to generate spontaneous oscillation signals, and is commonly used in biological rhythmic movements. Figure 13, including 4 synapse-like devices: a first inhibitory synapse-like device 601, a second inhibitory synapse-like device 603, a third inhibitory synapse-like device 604, a fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606; 2 cell body-like devices: a first inhibitory cell body-like device 602, a second inhibitory cell body-like device 605. The connection mode is that the gate 6011 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 601 and the gate 6041 of the third inhibitory synapse-like device 604 input a negative pulse signal, the source 6013 of the first inhibitory synapse-like device 601 and the source 6043 of the third inhibitory synapse-like device 604 are connected to the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605 respectively, the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605 are connected to the gate 6061 of the fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606 and the gate 6031 of the second inhibitory synapse-like device 603 respectively, and the source 6063 of the fourth inhibitory synapse-like device 606 and the source 6033 of the second inhibitory synapse-like device 603 are connected to the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body-like device 605 and the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body-like device 602 respectively.The implementation process of the mutual inhibition logic is as follows: the gate 6011 of the first inhibitory synapse 601 and the gate 6041 of the third inhibitory synapse 604 input a negative pulse signal, the voltage of the source 6013 of the first inhibitory synapse 601 and the source 6043 of the third inhibitory synapse 604 increases, the source 6013 of the first inhibitory synapse 601 and the source 6043 of the third inhibitory synapse 604 are respectively connected to the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body 605, the voltage of the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the second inhibitory cell body 605, the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 output a negative pulse signal, the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 are respectively connected to the gate 6061 of the fourth inhibitory synapse 606 and the gate 6031 of the third inhibitory synapse 603, the gate 6031 of the third inhibitory synapse 603 and the gate 6061 of the fourth inhibitory synapse 606 receive a negative pulse, the voltage of the source 6033 of the third inhibitory synapse 603 and the source 6063 of the fourth inhibitory synapse 606 increases, the source 6033 of the third inhibitory synapse 603 and the source 6063 of the fourth inhibitory synapse 606 are respectively connected to the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body 605, the voltage of the in-phase input end 6021 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the in-phase input end 6051 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 increases, after the voltage comparison process of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the second inhibitory cell body 605, the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 output a negative pulse signal, therefore, when the input pulse signal of the gate 6011 of the first inhibitory synapse 601 and the gate 6041 of the third inhibitory synapse 604 disappears, the negative pulse signal output by the output end 6023 of the first inhibitory cell body 602 and the output end 6053 of the second inhibitory cell body 605 will continue to exist.

[0093] The details of the present application are known.

Claims

1. A biomimetic neural circuit phantom constructed based on artificial synaptic devices, characterized in that it is made of It consists of n synaptic-LIF artificial neuron devices connected in multiple levels, where n = 2 to 2000; The synaptic-LIF artificial neuron device comprises synapse-like organs and cell-like organelles; The synapse-like device includes an artificial synaptic device, a voltage divider resistor, and a voltage control switch; the cell-like organelle includes a comparator. Synapses are classified into excitatory synapses or inhibitory synapses; Organelles are classified into excitatory organelles and inhibitory organelles. Different numbers and combinations of these four types of devices—excitatory synaptic devices, inhibitory synaptic devices, excitatory organelles, and inhibitory organelles—constitute a biomimetic neural circuit phantom based on artificial synaptic devices. The neural circuit phantom consists of six types: feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, de-inhibition circuit, or mutual inhibition circuit. The excitatory synapse-like device includes an n-type artificial synapse device, a voltage divider resistor, and a voltage control switch; The inhibitory synapse-like device includes a p-type artificial synapse device, a voltage divider resistor, and a voltage control switch; The non-inverting input of the comparator is connected to the drain of the artificial synapse device and one end of the voltage divider resistor, respectively; the inverting input of the comparator is connected to a voltage source, the voltage of which is the amplitude of the pulse fired by the neuron; the positive power supply terminal of the comparator is connected to a positive power supply; the negative power supply terminal of the comparator is connected to a negative power supply; and the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the control terminal of the voltage control switch. When the comparator's positive power supply port is connected to a positive voltage (5V) and the negative power supply port is grounded, it emits a positive pulse, which is an excitatory organelle. When the comparator's positive power supply port is grounded and the negative power supply port is connected to a negative voltage (-5V), it emits a negative pulse, which is an inhibitory organelle. The artificial synaptic device comprises: an insulating substrate; a semiconductor layer distributed on the substrate; a source and a drain on opposite sides of the semiconductor layer, both of which are metal electrodes; an ionomer cement layer covering the source, drain, and the semiconductor layer between them; a gate electrode distributed on the ionomer cement layer; and three electrodes leading out. The insulating substrate is made of silicon dioxide and has a thickness of 300 nanometers. The source and drain electrodes are made of the same material, specifically high-purity gold, with a thickness of 40-200 nanometers. The material of the ion-adhesive layer is specifically a hydrogel containing mobile ions, such as chitosan containing hydrogen ions or sodium alginate containing sodium ions, with a thickness of 50-80 micrometers. The gate is made of high-purity gold and has a thickness of 40-200 nanometers. The artificial synaptic devices are classified into n-type artificial synaptic devices or p-type artificial synaptic devices according to the different semiconductor layer material compositions. The semiconductor layer material of the n-type artificial synapse device is specifically tin oxide or zinc oxide; the semiconductor layer material of the p-type artificial synapse device is specifically P3HT. The voltage-controlled switch in the aforementioned synapse-like device includes two transistors and a pull-up resistor; the control terminal of the bias control switch is connected to the base of the first transistor; the collector of the first transistor is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor and the base of the second transistor, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected to a power supply; the emitter of the first transistor is grounded; the first connection terminal of the voltage control switch is connected to the emitter of the second transistor; and the second connection terminal of the voltage control switch is connected to the collector of the second transistor. In the aforementioned synapse-like device, the drain of the artificial synapse device is connected to the first connection terminal of the voltage control switch; the source of the artificial synapse device is connected to one end of the voltage divider resistor and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, and the other end of the voltage divider resistor is grounded; the control terminal of the voltage control switch is connected to the output terminal of the comparator; and the gate of the artificial synapse device receives the input signal. The specific connections of the six circuits in the neural circuit phantom are as follows: The feedforward excitation loop phantom includes three cell-like organs and three synapse-like organs; wherein, the three cell-like organs are a first excitatory cell-like organ (102), a second excitatory cell-like organ (104), and a third excitatory cell-like organ (106); the three synapse-like organs are a first excitatory synapse-like organ (101), a second excitatory synapse-like organ (103), and a third excitatory synapse-like organ (105); the connection method is that the gate (1011) of the first excitatory synapse-like organ (101) receives the input signal of the entire loop, the output of the source terminal (1013) of the first excitatory synapse-like organ (101) is connected to the in-phase input terminal (1021) of the first excitatory cell-like organ (102), and the first excitatory cell-like organ (102)... The output port (1023) of the second excitatory synapse (103) is connected to the gate (1031) input of the second excitatory synapse (103), the source end (1033) output of the second excitatory synapse (103) is connected to the in-phase input (1041) input of the second excitatory cytokines (104), the output port (1043) output of the second excitatory cytokines (104) is connected to the gate (1051) input of the third excitatory synapse (105), the source end (1053) output of the third excitatory synapse (105) is connected to the in-phase input (1061) input of the third excitatory cytokines (106), and the output port (1063) of the third excitatory cytokines (106) is the output of the entire loop. Alternatively, the feedforward inhibition loop phantom includes four synapse-like devices: a first excitatory synapse-like device (201), a second excitatory synapse-like device (203), a first inhibitory synapse-like device (205), and a third excitatory synapse-like device (207); and three cytokines: a first excitatory cytokine (202), a first inhibitory cytokine (204), and a second excitatory cytokine (206). The connection method is as follows: the gate (2011) of the first excitatory synapse-like device (201) receives the input stimulus of the entire loop; the output of the source (2013) of the first excitatory synapse-like device (201) is connected to the in-phase input terminal (2021) of the first excitatory cytokine (202); and the output terminal (2023) of the first excitatory cytokine (202) is connected to the second excitatory synapse-like device. The gate (2031) of the second excitatory synapse (203) and the gate (2071) of the third excitatory synapse (207) are connected to the input of the source (2033) of the second excitatory synapse (203). The output of the source (2033) of the first inhibitory synapse (204) is connected to the input of the in-phase input (2041) of the first inhibitory synapse (204). The output (2043) of the first inhibitory synapse (204) is connected to the input of the gate (2051) of the first inhibitory synapse (205). The output of the source (2053) of the first inhibitory synapse (205) and the source (2073) of the third excitatory synapse (207) are connected to the in-phase input (2061) of the second excitatory synapse (206). The output (2063) of the second excitatory synapse (206) outputs the output signal of the entire loop. Alternatively, the feedback inhibition loop phantom includes four synapse-like structures: a first excitatory synapse-like structure (301), a second excitatory synapse-like structure (303), a third excitatory synapse-like structure (305), and a first inhibitory synapse-like structure (307); and three organelle-like structures: a first excitatory organelle-like structure (302), a second excitatory organelle-like structure (304), and a first inhibitory organelle-like structure (306); the feedback inhibition loop phantom is connected as follows: the first excitatory organelle-like structure... The gate (3011) of the synapse (301) receives the input stimulus of the entire loop. The source (3013) of the first excitatory synapse (301) is connected to the in-phase input (3021) of the first excitatory cytokinetic organelle (302). The output (3023) of the first excitatory cytokinetic organelle (302) is connected to the gate (3031) of the second excitatory synapse (303). The source terminal (3033) of the first excitatory synapse-like organelle (304) is connected to the in-phase input terminal (3041) of the second excitatory synapse-like organelle (304). The output terminal (3043) of the second excitatory synapse-like organelle (304) is connected to the gate terminal (3051) of the third excitatory synapse-like organelle (305). The source terminal (3053) of the third excitatory synapse-like organelle (305) is connected to the in-phase input terminal (3061) of the first inhibitory synapse-like organelle (306). The output terminal (3063) of the first inhibitory cytokinetic organ (306) is connected to the gate terminal (3071) of the first inhibitory synapse (307). The output terminal (3073) of the first inhibitory synapse (307) is also connected to the in-phase input terminal (3041) of the second excitatory cytokinetic organ (304). The output signal of the output terminal (3043) of the second excitatory cytokinetic organ (304) is the output of the entire loop. Alternatively, the lateral inhibition loop phantom includes nine synapse-like structures: a first excitatory synapse-like structure (401), a second excitatory synapse-like structure (403), a third excitatory synapse-like structure (405), a fourth excitatory synapse-like structure (407), a first inhibitory synapse-like structure (409), a second inhibitory synapse-like structure (410), a fifth excitatory synapse-like structure (411), a sixth excitatory synapse-like structure (413), and a seventh excitatory synapse-like structure (415); and seven organelles: a first excitatory organelle (402), a second excitatory organelle (404), a third excitatory organelle (406), a first inhibitory organelle (408), a fourth excitatory organelle (412), a fifth excitatory organelle (414), and a sixth excitatory organelle (416).The connection method is such that the gate (4011) of the first excitatory synapse (401), the gate (4031) of the second excitatory synapse (403), and the gate (4051) of the third excitatory synapse (405) respectively receive different input pulse signals. The source (4013) of the first excitatory synapse (401), the source (4033) of the second excitatory synapse (403), and the source (4053) of the third excitatory synapse (405) are respectively connected to the in-phase input terminal (4021) of the first excitatory cytokinesis organoid (402) and the in-phase input terminal (4051) of the second excitatory cytokinesis organoid (404). 041) The in-phase input terminal (4061) of the third excitatory cytokinetic organ (406) is input, and the output terminals (4023) of the first excitatory cytokinetic organ (402), (4043) of the second excitatory cytokinetic organ (404), and (4063) of the third excitatory cytokinetic organ (406) are respectively connected to the gate (4111) of the fifth excitatory synapse (411), the gate (4131) of the sixth excitatory synapse (413), and the gate (4151) of the seventh excitatory synapse (415). The source (4113) of the fifth excitatory synapse (411) and the source (4151) of the sixth excitatory synapse (415) are input. The outputs of the source (4133) of the excitatory synapse (413) and the source (4153) of the seventh excitatory synapse (415) are respectively connected to the in-phase input (4121) of the fourth excitatory cytokines (412), the in-phase input (4141) of the fifth excitatory cytokines (414), and the in-phase input (4161) of the sixth excitatory cytokines (416). The output (4023) of the first excitatory cytokines (402) is connected to the gate (4071) of the fourth excitatory synapse (407), and the output of the source (4073) of the fourth excitatory synapse (407) is connected to the gate (4071) of the sixth excitatory synapse (415). The in-phase input terminal (4081) of an inhibitory cytokinetic organ (408) is connected to the gate (4091) of the first inhibitory cytokinetic organ (408) and the gate (4101) of the second inhibitory synapse (410). The source (4093) of the first inhibitory synapse (409) and the source (4103) of the second inhibitory synapse (410) are respectively connected to the in-phase input terminal (4141) of the fifth excitatory cytokinetic organ (414) and the in-phase input terminal (4161) of the sixth excitatory cytokinetic organ (416). Alternatively, the de-inhibition loop phantom includes three synapse-like structures: a first excitatory synapse-like structure (501), a first inhibitory synapse-like structure (503), and a second excitatory synapse-like structure (505); and two organelles: a first inhibitory organelle (502), a second inhibitory organelle (504), and a first excitatory organelle (506); the connection is such that the gate (5011) of the first excitatory synapse-like structure (501) and the gate (5051) of the second excitatory synapse-like structure (505) receive positive pulse signals, and the source (505) of the first excitatory synapse-like structure (501) receives positive pulse signals. 13) The output of the gate (5051) of the second excitatory synapse (505) is connected to the in-phase input terminal (5021) of the first inhibitory cytoplasmic organoid (502) and the in-phase input port (5041) of the second inhibitory cytoplasmic organoid (504), respectively. The output terminal (5023) of the first inhibitory cytoplasmic organoid (502) is connected to the gate (5031) of the first inhibitory synapse (503), and the source (5033) of the first inhibitory synapse (503) is connected to the in-phase input port (5041) of the second inhibitory cytoplasmic organoid (504). Alternatively, the mutual inhibition loop phantom includes four synapse-like devices: a first inhibitory synapse-like device (601), a second inhibitory synapse-like device (603), a third inhibitory synapse-like device (604), and a fourth inhibitory synapse-like device (606); and two cell-like organelles: a first inhibitory cell-like organelle (602) and a second inhibitory cell-like organelle (605); the connection method is that the gate (6011) of the first inhibitory synapse-like device (601) and the gate (6041) of the third inhibitory synapse-like device (604) are input with negative pulse signals, and the source (6013) of the first inhibitory synapse-like device (601) and the source (6043) of the third inhibitory synapse-like device (604) are respectively connected to the same cell-like organelle (602). The phase input terminal (6021), the non-phase input terminal (6051) of the second inhibitory cytoplasm (605), the output terminal (6023) of the first inhibitory cytoplasm (602), and the output terminal (6053) of the second inhibitory cytoplasm (605) are respectively connected to the gate (6061) of the fourth inhibitory synapse (606) and the gate (6031) of the second inhibitory synapse (603). The source terminal (6063) of the fourth inhibitory synapse (606) and the source terminal (6033) of the second inhibitory synapse (603) are respectively connected to the non-phase input terminal (6051) of the second inhibitory cytoplasm (605) and the non-phase input terminal (6021) of the first inhibitory cytoplasm (602).

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