A method for repairing a gap in an open pit mine
By exploring and selectively reinforcing and filling open-pit mine gaps based on geological types, the landslide problem in the repair of open-pit mine gaps was solved, achieving a combination of stability and environmental restoration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENHUA SHENDONG COAL GRP
- Filing Date
- 2022-03-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing open-pit mine gap repair technologies are prone to causing subsequent landslides, failing to effectively consider targeted repair methods for different geological conditions.
By exploring the gaps in the open-pit mine, targeted reinforcement and filling methods are selected based on the geological type, including the use of metal anchors, anti-slip piles, and concrete masonry, combined with soil testing and vegetation planting to ensure geological stability.
While achieving environmental restoration, it effectively avoided landslides in the gap areas after filling, achieving successful restoration of the landform in one go.
Smart Images
Figure CN116771350B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine repair technology, and in particular to a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines. Background Technology
[0002] Compared to underground mining, open-pit mining has a greater direct impact on the surface environment. Mining operations often create gaps in the terrain, such as mountains, due to the excavation work. Ecological restoration of open-pit mines must begin with repairing these gaps to restore the original surface topography.
[0003] Existing technologies have proposed many remediation methods, but most focus on soil decontamination and water and soil conservation, neglecting specific remediation methods for potential gaps in open-pit mines. In actual environmental remediation, the current approach is primarily to directly backfill the gaps. While this provides some degree of remediation, it fails to consider the diverse geological conditions of the area, making current methods highly susceptible to landslides and other problems later on. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this application proposes a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines. Based on the different geological types and conditions that may exist in open-pit mines, targeted reinforcement and filling are carried out. While achieving environmental restoration, this method can effectively prevent landslides from occurring in the filled gap area later.
[0005] The present invention provides a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines, comprising:
[0006] Step S1: Conduct exploration of the area where the open-pit mine gap is located to determine the geological type and corresponding geological conditions of the area where the gap is located. The geological type includes rock mining face, soil mining face, slag dump and mining platform.
[0007] Step S2: Based on the geological type and geological conditions of the area where the gap is located, select an appropriate filling method to fill the gap;
[0008] Step S3: Sample and test the soil in the area where the gap is located, and apply fertilizer according to the test results to supplement the corresponding missing elements;
[0009] Step S4: Plant vegetation in the area where the gap is located.
[0010] In one embodiment, in step S1, for a rock mining face of the geological type, the geological conditions include the stability of the rock mining face; for a soil mining face of the geological type, the geological conditions include whether there is groundwater beneath the soil mining face.
[0011] In one implementation, in step S2, for the geological type being a rock mining face, the filling method includes:
[0012] If the rock face is stable, the soil can be directly filled into the gap.
[0013] If the rock face is unstable, the rock at the rock face is reinforced and then soil is filled into the gap after reinforcement.
[0014] In one embodiment, the reinforcement method includes:
[0015] If the rock face is unstable in layered or sheet-like form, it is reinforced with metal anchor bolts, and multiple metal anchor bolts are arranged in a rectangular array.
[0016] If the rock face is a large and intact landslide, anti-slide piles should be used for reinforcement.
[0017] If the rock face is severely fractured and there is a road section below that needs protection, it should be reinforced with concrete masonry and concrete slope protection.
[0018] In one embodiment, in step S2, for the geological type of a soil mining face, the filling method includes:
[0019] If there is no groundwater below the soil surface, the soil will be directly filled into the gap.
[0020] If groundwater exists below the soil extraction surface, the groundwater is diverted and channeled, and the soil extraction surface is reinforced after the channeling is completed. After reinforcement, the soil is filled into the gap.
[0021] In one embodiment, the groundwater is diverted and channeled by setting up interconnected horizontal and vertical pipes according to the direction of groundwater flow to guide the groundwater out of the area where the gap is located.
[0022] In one embodiment, the horizontal pipes are spaced 1.5-2m apart, and the vertical pipes are spaced 1-1.2m apart. The diameters of the horizontal and vertical pipes are determined based on the groundwater flow rate.
[0023] In one embodiment, in step S2, for the geological type being a slag dump, the filling method is: filling the gap with soil accumulated at the high point of the slag dump.
[0024] In one embodiment, in step S2, for the geological type being a mining platform, the filling method is to directly fill the gap with soil.
[0025] In one implementation, in step S3, before conducting soil sampling and testing, the area where the soil is laid is divided into multiple sub-areas with an area of 30m*30m, and samples are taken at the center of each sub-area.
[0026] The above-mentioned technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved.
[0027] The open-pit mine gap repair method provided by this invention has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0028] The present invention provides a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines. Based on the different geological types and conditions that may exist in open-pit mines, targeted reinforcement and filling are carried out. While achieving environmental restoration, it can effectively avoid the problem of landslides in the filled gap area in the later stage, and maximize the one-time successful restoration of the environment and landform. Attached Figure Description
[0029] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
[0030] Figure 1 A flowchart of the repair method of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following embodiments.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] This embodiment mainly describes the situation when the gap is located in a rock face. This embodiment provides a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines, including:
[0034] Step S1: Conduct exploration of the area where the open-pit mine gap is located to determine the geological type and corresponding geological conditions of the area. The geological type includes rock face, soil face, slag dump, and mining platform; for the geological type of rock face, the geological conditions include the stability of the rock face.
[0035] Specifically, the geological types in open-pit mines generally include rock faces, soil faces, slag heaps, and mining platforms. Another major purpose of exploration is to determine the specific geological conditions of the corresponding geological types and the size of the corresponding areas, in order to prepare for the subsequent filling of gaps.
[0036] Step S2: Based on the geological type and conditions of the area where the gap is located, select the appropriate filling method to fill the gap;
[0037] For geological types of rock face, if the rock face is stable, the soil is directly filled into the gap; if the rock face is unstable, the rock at the rock face is reinforced and the soil is filled into the gap after reinforcement.
[0038] Specifically, if the exploration results indicate that the area where the gap is located is a stable rock face, the probability of a landslide under such stable geological conditions is relatively small, and the soil can be directly filled into the gap. However, if the area where the gap is located is an unstable rock face, the rock of the rock face needs to be reinforced first to prevent a landslide from occurring after the gap is filled.
[0039] The reinforcement methods for unstable rock faces include: if the rock face is unstable in layered or sheet-like form, it is reinforced with metal anchors, with multiple metal anchors arranged in a rectangular array; if the rock face is a large and intact landslide, it is reinforced with anti-slide piles; if the rock face is severely broken and there is a road section below that needs protection, it is reinforced with concrete masonry and concrete slope protection.
[0040] Specifically, the instability of rock at mining faces typically falls into three categories: unstable layered or sheet-like rock, large and intact landslide bodies, and severely fractured rock. For unstable layered or sheet-like rock, which indicates a tendency to form layered or sheet-like landslide layers, typically 2.5-3.5m thick, metal anchors are driven into the rock strata for fixation. The anchors are 3-4m long, spaced 1.2-2m apart in a rectangular array, depending on the rock thickness of the anchoring area. For large and intact landslide bodies, indicating a large and complete landslide mass, anti-slide piles are used for reinforcement. Reinforcement involves first clearing the site, determining the hole locations, drilling, inserting the piles into the holes, and then pouring concrete for fixation. For severely fractured rock with road sections requiring protection below, reinforcement is carried out on the slopes on both sides of the corresponding road section using concrete masonry and concrete slope protection.
[0041] Step S3: Sample and test the soil in the area where the gap is located, and apply fertilizer according to the test results to supplement the corresponding missing elements;
[0042] Specifically, by sampling and testing the soil, the missing elements in the soil can be identified, and targeted fertilization can be applied to supplement the corresponding elements.
[0043] Step S4: Plant vegetation in the area where the gap is located;
[0044] Specifically, the types of vegetation should be selected, choosing those with strong adaptability, fast growth rate, and well-developed root systems. This will help the vegetation recover quickly, conserve water and soil, and prevent landslides.
[0045] Example 2
[0046] This embodiment mainly describes the situation when the area where the gap is located is a soil mining face. This embodiment provides a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines, including:
[0047] Step S1: Conduct exploration of the area where the open-pit mine gap is located to determine the geological type and corresponding geological conditions of the area. The geological type includes rock face, soil face, slag dump and mining platform; for soil face, the geological conditions include whether there is groundwater below the soil face.
[0048] Specifically, the geological types in open-pit mines generally include rock faces, soil faces, slag heaps, and mining platforms. Another major purpose of exploration is to determine the specific geological conditions of the corresponding geological types and the size of the corresponding areas, in order to prepare for the subsequent filling of gaps.
[0049] Step S2: Based on the geological type and conditions of the area where the gap is located, select the appropriate filling method to fill the gap;
[0050] For soil mining faces, the filling methods include: if there is no groundwater below the soil mining face, the soil is directly filled into the gap; if there is groundwater below the soil mining face, the groundwater is diverted and channeled, and the soil mining face is reinforced after channeling, and then the soil is filled into the gap after reinforcement.
[0051] Specifically, if the exploration results indicate that the area where the gap is located is a soil mining face without underlying groundwater, it usually indicates that the geological conditions of the soil mining face are relatively stable, and the probability of a landslide in the future is relatively small. In this case, the soil can be directly filled into the gap. However, if the area where the gap is located is a soil mining face with underlying groundwater, it is necessary to guide the groundwater first to prevent its flow from affecting the geological stability, thereby preventing a landslide after the gap is filled.
[0052] The method of groundwater diversion and drainage is as follows: according to the direction of groundwater flow, interconnected horizontal and vertical pipes are set up to guide the groundwater out of the area where the gap is located;
[0053] Horizontal pipes are installed at intervals of 1.5-2m, and vertical pipes are installed at intervals of 1-1.2m. The diameter of the horizontal and vertical pipes is determined according to the groundwater flow rate.
[0054] Step S3: Sample and test the soil in the area where the gap is located, and apply fertilizer according to the test results to supplement the corresponding missing elements;
[0055] Specifically, by sampling and testing the soil, the missing elements in the soil can be identified, and targeted fertilization can be applied to supplement the corresponding elements.
[0056] Step S4: Plant vegetation in the area where the gap is located;
[0057] Specifically, the types of vegetation should be selected, choosing those with strong adaptability, fast growth rate, and well-developed root systems. This will help the vegetation recover quickly, conserve water and soil, and prevent landslides.
[0058] Example 3
[0059] This embodiment mainly describes the situation when the gap is located in a slag dump or a mining platform. This embodiment provides a method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines, including:
[0060] Step S1: Conduct exploration of the area where the open-pit mine gap is located to determine the geological type and corresponding geological conditions of the area. Geological types include rock mining faces, soil mining faces, slag dumps, and mining platforms. For geological types such as slag dumps or mining platforms, it is generally not necessary to conduct targeted geological exploration.
[0061] Specifically, open-pit mines typically include rock faces, soil faces, slag heaps, and mining platforms. Another major purpose of exploration is to determine the specific geological conditions and area size of each type of geological feature, preparing for subsequent filling of gaps. When the geological type is a slag heap or mining platform, the mining level is low, and the geological conditions are usually stable.
[0062] Step S2: Based on the geological type and conditions of the area where the gap is located, select the appropriate filling method to fill the gap;
[0063] For geological types such as slag dumps, the filling method is to fill the gaps with soil from the high points of the slag dump.
[0064] For geological types of mining platforms, the filling method is to directly fill the gap with soil.
[0065] Specifically, when the geological type is a slag dump or mining platform, the method of directly filling with soil is generally adopted. The difference is that, for slag dumps, there is usually a pile of slag, so the slag from the higher part is directly filled into the gap in the lower part, and then the soil is leveled and compacted by a road roller.
[0066] Step S3: Sample and test the soil in the area where the gap is located, and apply fertilizer according to the test results to supplement the corresponding missing elements;
[0067] Specifically, by sampling and testing the soil, the missing elements in the soil can be identified, and targeted fertilization can be applied to supplement the corresponding elements.
[0068] Before conducting soil sampling and testing, the area where the soil was laid was divided into multiple sub-areas with a total area of 30m*30m, and samples were taken from the center of each sub-area.
[0069] Specifically, by dividing the corresponding area into sections and then sampling, every part of the corresponding area can be covered to the greatest extent possible while avoiding omissions. The sampling results can also reflect the situation of the entire area. Based on the different sampling results that may exist in different sub-areas, targeted fertilization can be carried out.
[0070] Step S4: Plant vegetation in the area where the gap is located;
[0071] Specifically, the types of vegetation should be selected, choosing those with strong adaptability, fast growth rate, and well-developed root systems. This will help the vegetation recover quickly, conserve water and soil, and prevent landslides.
[0072] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.
Claims
1. A method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Conduct exploration of the area where the open-pit mine gap is located to determine the geological type and corresponding geological conditions of the area where the gap is located. The geological type includes rock mining face, soil mining face, slag dump and mining platform. Step S2: Based on the geological type and geological conditions of the area where the gap is located, select an appropriate filling method to fill the gap; Step S3: Sample and test the soil in the area where the gap is located, and apply fertilizer according to the test results to supplement the corresponding missing elements; Step S4: Plant vegetation in the area where the gap is located; In step S1, for a rock mining face, the geological conditions include the stability of the rock mining face; for a soil mining face, the geological conditions include whether there is groundwater beneath the soil mining face. In step S2, for the geological type of rock mining face, the filling method includes: If the rock face is stable, the soil can be directly filled into the gap. If the rock face is unstable, the rock at the rock face is reinforced and the soil is filled into the gap after reinforcement; The reinforcement methods include: If the rock face is unstable in layered or sheet-like form, it is reinforced with metal anchor bolts, and multiple metal anchor bolts are arranged in a rectangular array. If the rock face is a large and intact landslide, anti-slide piles should be used for reinforcement. If the rock face is severely fractured and there is a road section below that needs protection, it should be reinforced with concrete masonry and concrete slope protection.
2. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for the geological type of soil mining face, the filling method includes: If there is no groundwater below the soil surface, the soil will be directly filled into the gap. If groundwater exists below the soil extraction surface, the groundwater is diverted and channeled, and the soil extraction surface is reinforced after the channeling is completed. After reinforcement, the soil is filled into the gap.
3. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for diverting and guiding groundwater is as follows: according to the direction of groundwater flow, interconnected horizontal and vertical pipes are installed to guide the groundwater out of the area where the gap is located.
4. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The horizontal pipes are spaced 1.5-2m apart, and the vertical pipes are spaced 1-1.2m apart. The diameters of the horizontal and vertical pipes are determined based on the groundwater flow rate.
5. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for the geological type being a slag dump, the filling method is to fill the gap with soil from the high point of the slag dump.
6. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for the geological type being a mining platform, the filling method is to directly fill the gap with soil.
7. The method for repairing gaps in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, before conducting soil sampling and testing, the area where the soil is laid is divided into multiple sub-areas with a size of 30m*30m, and samples are taken from the center of each sub-area.