An electron linear accelerator

Abstract

This application discloses an electron linear accelerator, comprising: a target structure; an accelerator tube used in conjunction with the target structure; the target structure includes: a first target having a metal target; a notch formed by a recess along one side surface of the first target facing the metal target; a second target disposed on the notch and used in conjunction with the first target; and a water-cooling pipeline for reducing the temperature of the target structure; the water-cooling pipeline includes: a water flow channel formed between the first and second targets; and an inlet and an outlet hole extending from the side of the first target away from the second target into the water flow channel; cold water flows into the water flow channel from the inlet hole, into the outlet hole, and then out of the target structure from the outlet hole. The design of the target structure and the water-cooling pipeline ensures certain mechanical properties and sufficient water cooling effect while shortening the length and reducing the weight of the target structure, thus reducing the overall size of the electron linear accelerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of accelerator technology, and more specifically, to an electron linear accelerator. Background Technology

[0002] An electron linear accelerator comprises an electron gun, modulator, power source, microwave transmission system, accelerating tube, focusing system, vacuum system, and control system. Its basic principle is to feed radio frequency power into a room-temperature or superconducting accelerating structure, exciting an electromagnetic field with a longitudinal accelerating electric field within this structure. By controlling the phase velocity of the electromagnetic field in the accelerating structure to synchronously interact with charged particles (such as electrons and protons), microwave energy is transferred to the charged particles, accelerating them to higher energies. The output particle beam or high-energy particle beam bombards a heavy metal target, generating bremsstrahlung X-rays through bremsstrahlung. It also serves to block the passage of electron beams and ensure the vacuum seal of the accelerating tube.

[0003] Because particle beams lose energy upon impact with the metal target through ionization (excitation) and bremsstrahlung, some of the energy from ionization is converted into X-rays, while the rest is converted into heat. This heat causes the temperature of the accelerator tube's metal target to rise rapidly. Excessive temperature can lead to volatilization or even cracking of the metal target material, shortening the target's lifespan and disrupting the vacuum within the accelerator tube, ultimately rendering it unusable. To ensure the target's structural performance, extend its lifespan, and reduce user costs, a water-cooling structure needs to be designed for timely cooling.

[0004] However, in existing technologies, for X-band (radial dimension Φ42mm) accelerator tubes, due to their small radial dimension, the mechanical dimensional margin for water cooling design is relatively small. To achieve sufficient water cooling effect, a larger mechanical dimensional margin is required to design the water cooling structure. Typically, the X-band target structure is a long water jacket structure, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the structure includes a target body 100, a target rod 200, a water jacket 300, and a water baffle 400. Water cooling pipes enter through one pipe, circulate through channels divided by the water baffle, and exit through another pipe, thus achieving water cooling circulation to remove heat. However, this target structure is relatively large and cannot be used in space-constrained equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electron linear accelerator to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve at least one of the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This application provides an electron linear accelerator, comprising: a target structure;

[0008] Accelerator tube used in conjunction with the target structure;

[0009] The target structure includes: a first target body having a metal target; and a notch formed by a recess along one side surface of the first target body toward the metal target.

[0010] A second target disposed on the notch and used in conjunction with the first target;

[0011] Water cooling pipes used to reduce the temperature of the target structure;

[0012] The water-cooling pipeline includes: a water flow channel formed by the cooperation of the first target and the second target; and

[0013] The water inlet and outlet holes extend from the side of the first target away from the second target into the water tank.

[0014] Cold water flows into the water tank through the inlet hole, then into the outlet hole, and finally out of the target structure.

[0015] Optionally, the water channel is formed by the second target body being inlaid on both sides of the first target body;

[0016] The water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected to both ends of the water channel.

[0017] Optionally, the water-cooling pipeline further includes: a water inlet pipe communicating with the water inlet hole; and

[0018] A water outlet pipe connected to the water outlet hole.

[0019] Optionally, the water inlet and water outlet are located on opposite sides of the metal target.

[0020] Optionally, the middle position of the notch edge of the first target body protrudes outward to form a pair of central convex strips;

[0021] The second target body has a centering groove at the middle of its edge to accommodate the centering protrusion.

[0022] Optionally, the edge of the second target body is recessed downward through the centering groove to form a welding groove.

[0023] Optionally, the first target includes a channel structure communicating with the acceleration tube; and

[0024] The metal target is used to block the end of the channel structure away from the acceleration tube.

[0025] Optionally, the side of the first target away from the acceleration tube is recessed inward to form a groove, and the channel structure communicates with the groove;

[0026] The bottom diameter of the groove is larger than the diameter of the channel structure;

[0027] The metal target is fixed to the bottom surface of the groove.

[0028] Optionally, the metal target includes: a first target body portion that is fitted and fixed in the groove; and

[0029] A second target portion is fixedly attached to the side of the first target portion that is away from the channel structure;

[0030] The second target part is fixed in the groove by a fastener.

[0031] Optionally, the acceleration tube is fixed to the first target body by a fixing ring.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0033] To address the problems existing in current technologies, this application provides an electron linear accelerator with a target structure divided into a first target and a second target. This design facilitates the formation of a flow channel during the actual fabrication of the target structure. The inlet and outlet holes of the first target are connected to the flow channel, allowing the water-cooling pipeline to run through both the first and second targets, thus traversing the entire target structure. Cold water sequentially passes through the inlet, flow channel, and outlet holes, thereby carrying away heat from both the first and second targets and reducing the temperature of the target structure. Compared to the water jacket structure in existing technologies, this design of the target structure and its water-cooling pipeline shortens the length of the target structure and reduces its weight while ensuring certain mechanical properties and sufficient water cooling effect. This results in a smaller overall size of the electron linear accelerator, making it suitable for applications in space-constrained devices. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the overall structure of an electron linear accelerator in one embodiment of the present application, showing the accelerator tube tail end, target structure, inlet pipe, and outlet pipe working together.

[0036] Figure 2 This illustration shows the overall structure of an electron linear accelerator in one embodiment of the present application, in which the accelerator tube tail end and the target structure work together. Figure 1 .

[0037] Figure 3 This illustration shows the overall structure of an electron linear accelerator in one embodiment of the present application, in which the accelerator tube tail end and the target structure work together. Figure 2 .

[0038] Figure 4 This illustration shows the overall structure of an electron linear accelerator in one embodiment of the present application, in which the accelerator tube tail end and the target structure work together. Figure 3 .

[0039] Figure 5 This diagram shows a cross-sectional view from top to bottom along the radial direction of the target structure and passing through the metal target when the accelerator tube tail end and the target structure are used in conjunction in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 6 Show Figure 4 Enlarged view of section A.

[0041] Figure 7 This diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the target structure in an electron linear accelerator according to one embodiment of the present application, taken from top to bottom along the axial direction of the target structure and through the water cooling pipeline.

[0042] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an electron linear accelerator in one embodiment of the present application, showing the first target body and the fixed ring working together.

[0043] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first target in an electron linear accelerator according to one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0044] Figure 10 This illustration shows a cross-sectional view of a first target in an electron linear accelerator according to one embodiment of the present application, taken from top to bottom along the radial direction of the first target and passing through a water inlet or outlet.

[0045] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second target in an electron linear accelerator according to one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0046] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an existing electron linear accelerator is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0047] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes and to provide a comprehensive understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it will be apparent that these embodiments can also be implemented without these specific details.

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0050] To address the problems existing in the prior art, one embodiment of this application provides an electron linear accelerator, such as... Figure 1-11 As shown, the target structure includes: a target body structure; an acceleration tube used in conjunction with the target body structure; the target body structure includes: a first target body 1 having a metal target 7; a notch 11 formed by recessing from the side wall of the first target body 1 along one side surface toward the metal target 7; a second target body 2 disposed on the notch 11 and used in conjunction with the first target body 1; a water cooling pipeline for reducing the temperature of the target body structure; the water cooling pipeline includes: a water flow channel 3 formed between the first target body 1 and the second target body 2; and an inlet hole 4 and an outlet hole 5 extending from the side of the first target body 1 away from the second target body 2 into the water flow channel 3; cold water flows into the water flow channel 3 from the inlet hole 4, flows into the outlet hole 5 from the water flow channel 3, and then flows out of the target body structure from the outlet hole 5.

[0051] In the above embodiments of this application, the design of dividing the target structure into a first target 1 and a second target 2 helps to form a water flow channel 3 during the actual fabrication of the target structure. The water inlet 4 and water outlet 5 penetrating the first target 1 are respectively connected to the water flow channel 3, so that the water cooling pipeline runs through the first target 1 and the second target 2, that is, through the entire target structure. The cold water passes through the water inlet 4, the water flow channel 3 and the water outlet 5 in sequence, thereby removing the heat in the first target 1 and the second target 2 to reduce the temperature of the target structure. Compared with the water jacket structure in the prior art, the design of the target structure and the water cooling pipeline therein can shorten the length of the target structure and reduce the weight of the entire target structure while ensuring certain mechanical properties and sufficient water cooling effect. The volume of the entire electron linear accelerator is reduced, which can be applied to devices with space constraints.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, the water flow channel 3 is formed by the second target 2 conforming to the two inwardly recessed sides of the first target 1; the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 5 are respectively connected to both ends of the water flow channel 3. Thus, the entire water cooling pipeline has a U-shaped structure, which runs through the first target 1 and the second target 2. The flow of cold water through the water cooling pipeline effectively reduces the temperature of the first target 1 and the second target 2, i.e., the temperature of the target structure. The shape of the water flow channel 3 can be designed according to actual conditions, for example, as... Figure 11 As shown, the bottom and side surfaces of the water tank 3 are connected by an arc surface. This design increases the area of ​​the inner wall of the water tank 3, improving the cooling effect on the second target 2. The shape of the water cooling pipes can be set according to the actual situation, such as being square or elliptical, and the contact area between the pipes and the target structure can be adjusted according to the size of the target structure.

[0053] In practical applications, the target structure can be circular. To facilitate the opening of the inlet hole 4 and outlet hole 5, and to reduce the overall volume of the target structure, the target structure can be arc-shaped, that is, a portion of the circular target structure is cut off, such as... Figure 8-9 As shown, the side of the first target 1 away from the second target 2 is cut. The diameter of the target structure is 45mm.

[0054] In another embodiment, the water channel 3 can be divided into two parts, one part being formed by the bottom of the notch 11 of the first target 1 being recessed inward, and the other part being formed by the second target 2 being recessed inward on both sides of the first target 1.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, both the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5 include: a first hole portion 41 communicating with the water flow channel 3; a second hole portion 42 located at the top of the first hole portion 41 with an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the first hole portion 41, the top of the second hole portion 42 penetrating the top surface of the first target body 1; the inner walls of the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5 each form a limiting platform 43 at the transition between the second hole portion 42 and the first hole portion 41. The limiting platform 43 can separate the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5 into two parts.

[0056] Specifically, the water-cooling pipeline further includes: an inlet pipe 61 connected to the inlet hole 4; and an outlet pipe 62 connected to the outlet hole 5; the inlet pipe 61 is fixedly connected to the limiting platform 43 of the inlet hole 4; and the outlet pipe 62 is fixedly connected to the limiting platform 43 of the outlet hole 5. In this way, the ends of the inlet pipe 61 and the outlet pipe 62 can be stably connected to the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5 respectively, forming a whole with the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5. The inlet pipe 61 and the outlet pipe 62 can be connected to the inlet hole 4 and the outlet hole 5 respectively by welding.

[0057] In one specific example, the water inlet 4 and water outlet 5 are located on both sides of the metal target 7. Since the heat energy converted into energy during the ionization excitation of the particle beam incident on the metal target 7 will be dispersed to other positions of the target structure through the metal target 7, this design of the water inlet 4 and water outlet 5 can allow the water cooling pipeline to partially surround the metal target 7, which can better cool the target structure.

[0058] In a specific example, the middle position of the notch 11 edge of the first target 1 protrudes outward to form a pair of centering ridges 12; the centering ridges 12 are 1.5mm wide and 6.5mm long; the middle position of the edge of the second target 2 is provided with a centering groove 21 to accommodate the centering ridges 12. The design of the centering ridges 12 and the centering groove 21 can ensure that the first target 1 and the second target 2 are aligned when connected, and there will be no deviation between them, so that the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 5 can communicate more accurately with the water channel 3.

[0059] In one specific example, the edge of the second target 2 is recessed downward through the centering groove 21 to form a welding groove. Solder is placed in the welding groove, here using flat solder, and the first target 1 and the second target 2 are connected and fixed by welding. This ensures that there are no gaps between the first target 1 and the second target 2, making the connection more stable, and preventing water from overflowing from the water tank 3 onto the outer surface of the target structure.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the first target 1 includes a channel structure 13 communicating with the accelerating tube; and a metal target 7 for blocking the end of the channel structure 13 away from the accelerating tube. The particle beam enters the channel structure 13 through the accelerating tube until it reaches the metal target 7. The particle beam bombards the heavy metal target 7, generating bremsstrahlung X-rays and releasing heat.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the side of the first target 1 furthest from the accelerating tube is recessed inward to form a groove 14, and the channel structure 13 communicates with the groove 14; the bottom diameter of the groove 14 is larger than the diameter of the channel structure 13; the metal target 7 is fixed to the bottom surface of the groove 14. Thus, the bottom surface of the groove 14 can serve as a bearing surface for supporting the metal target 7, preventing the metal target 7 from entering the channel structure 13.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, the metal target 7 includes: a first target portion 71 fixedly fitted in the groove 14; and a second target portion 72 fixedly fitted to one side of the first target portion 71 away from the channel structure 13; the second target portion 72 is fixed in the groove 14 by a fixing member 8. The thickness of the metal target 7 can be greater than 0.5 mm; the material of the first target portion 1 can be tungsten, and the material of the second target portion 2 can be gold. Of course, the materials of the first target portion 1 and the second target portion 2 can also be metals such as copper or silver. In practical applications, the material is determined based on the energy of the particle beam in the accelerating tube and the parameters of the final particle beam conversion into X-rays. The fixing member 8 can be a copper ring, which is fixed to the side wall of the groove 14 by welding to fix the metal target 7 in the groove 14.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the accelerating tube and the first target 1 are connected and fixed by a fixing ring 9. The fixing ring 9 is made of non-magnetic stainless steel, so that it will not affect the particle beam passing through the accelerating tube and the channel structure 13. The fixing ring 9 includes a first fixing ring 91 and a second fixing ring 92 used in conjunction with the first fixing ring 91. The first fixing ring 91 includes a first ring body portion 911 sleeved and fixed on the first target 1, and a first connecting portion 912 with a sheet-like structure extending outward from the outer surface of the first ring body. The second fixing ring 92 includes a second ring body portion 921 sleeved and fixed on the tail end 10 of the accelerating tube, and a second connecting portion 922 with a sheet-like structure extending outward from the outer surface of the second ring body. The first connecting portion 912 and the second connecting portion 922 are fixed by welding to connect the tail end of the accelerating tube and the first target 1 to form a whole.

[0064] Simulation results show that the water cooling effect of the water-cooling pipes in the electron linear accelerator provided in this application can reduce the temperature of the target structure to 47°C.

[0065] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electron linear accelerator, characterized by, include: Target structure; Accelerator tube used in conjunction with the target structure; The target structure includes: a first target body having a metal target; and a notch formed by a recess along one side surface of the first target body toward the metal target. A second target disposed on the notch and used in conjunction with the first target; Water cooling pipes used to reduce the temperature of the target structure; The water-cooling pipeline includes: a water flow channel formed by the cooperation of the first target and the second target; and The water inlet and outlet holes extend from the side of the first target away from the second target into the water tank. Cold water flows into the water channel from the inlet hole, then into the outlet hole from the water channel, and finally out of the target structure from the outlet hole. The water channel is formed by the second target body fitting together with both sides of the first target body being recessed inwards; The water inlet and the water outlet are respectively connected to both ends of the water channel; The middle position of the notch edge of the first target body protrudes outward to form a pair of central convex strips; The second target body has a centering groove at the middle of its edge to accommodate the centering protrusion; The edge of the second target body is recessed downward through the centering groove to form a welding groove.

2. The electron linac of claim 1, wherein, The water-cooling pipeline further includes: a water inlet pipe communicating with the water inlet hole; and A water outlet pipe connected to the water outlet hole.

3. The electron linear accelerator of claim 1, wherein, The water inlet and outlet are located on opposite sides of the metal target.

4. The electron linac of claim 1, wherein, The first target includes a channel structure communicating with the acceleration tube; and The metal target is used to block the end of the channel structure away from the acceleration tube.

5. The electron linac of claim 4, wherein, The side of the first target away from the acceleration tube is recessed inward to form a groove, and the channel structure communicates with the groove; The bottom diameter of the groove is larger than the diameter of the channel structure; The metal target is fixed to the bottom surface of the groove.

6. The electron linear accelerator of claim 5, wherein, The metal target includes: a first target body portion that is fitted and fixed in the groove; and A second target portion is fixedly attached to the side of the first target portion that is away from the channel structure; The second target part is fixed in the groove by a fastener.

7. The electron linear accelerator of claim 1, wherein, The acceleration tube is fixed to the first target body by a fixing ring.

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