A Chinese medicinal composition for relieving heat stress in chickens and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens and a preparation method thereof. The composition comprises gypsum, coptis root, gardenia, atractylodes macrocephala, white peony root, dried rehmannia root, moutan bark, rhizoma anemarrhenae, liquorice and sodium bicarbonate in a mass concentration ratio of 20:20:10:5:5:10:5:10:10:2, and the composition is added to the chicken diet in an amount of 2%. The treatment of experimental animal models confirms that the Chinese medicine composition has the effects of relieving blood biochemical fluctuations caused by heat stress in chickens, reducing oxidative stress and organ damage, and has the advantages of no residue, no pollution, no drug resistance, low cost, wide source, high efficiency, etc., and can be used as a feed additive for relieving heat stress in chickens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary drugs, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The growth and development of livestock and poultry are affected by many factors. Studies have shown that when the ambient temperature is too high, the net heat energy released by the animal body into the environment and the heat energy generated by the animal will produce a negative balance, resulting in heat stress. Heat stress can be divided into acute heat stress and chronic heat stress. Acute heat stress is caused by a short-term rapid increase in ambient temperature, while chronic heat stress is caused by livestock and poultry facing high ambient temperatures for a long time. Acute heat stress can reduce the animal's feed intake more than chronic heat stress.

[0003] When livestock and poultry are in a state of heat stress, their body temperature, blood circulation and peripheral blood flow increase sharply, and the blood supply to the internal organs decreases, which limits the absorption of nutrients, thereby reducing the production performance and feed conversion efficiency of poultry. The effect of heat stress on the feed intake of livestock and poultry is a complex process. Heat stress can reduce gastrointestinal motility, prolong gastric emptying time, and lead to reduced feed intake; under high temperature conditions, livestock and poultry will increase their water intake, reduce the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine, and affect the digestion and absorption of food. The reduction in feed intake of livestock and poultry will also lead to watery feces and diarrhea, and a significant decrease in weight. Heat stress increases the amount of water consumed by poultry, increases the water content in the blood, increases the total capacity of the circulatory system, and highly dilutes the blood. The concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, plasma protein, serum total protein, albumin, and triglycerides in plasma decrease, and the hematocrit and hemoglobin content also decrease accordingly. The main ways of heat loss are sweating and panting. Excessive panting will disrupt the acid-base balance of the blood, increase the discharge of carbon dioxide, decrease the CO2 storage in the blood, and increase the pH value, leading to respiratory alkalosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of broilers. Heat stress can significantly reduce the production performance of poultry. It reduces the feed intake, daily weight gain, egg production rate, and feed utilization by changing the physiological and biochemical reactions of poultry, making the eggs smaller and the eggshells thinner and more brittle.

[0004] The effects of heat stress on the physiological functions of livestock and poultry include increased core body temperature, reduced active feed intake, reduced immunity, changes in electrolyte balance and blood pH, impaired endocrine and reproductive function, reduced cellular energy utilization, and changes in digestibility and metabolism. Acute heat stress lasting for 3 hours can increase the core temperature of broilers from 42.0°C to 42.9°C. Heat stress can lead to damage to the structure and normal function of the intestinal epithelium, changes in intestinal microbiota, and increased cortisol levels. The decline in growth performance caused by heat stress is directly related to the reduction in feed intake, but heat stress may induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a disorder of the antioxidant system, oxidative stress in the body, and affecting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients. Poultry produces immunosuppression in the body under heat stress conditions. The number of lymphocytes and immunoglobulin A-secreting cells in the intestinal epithelium decreases, the antibody response is weakened, the phagocytic activity of macrophages decreases, and the relative weight of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and liver decreases.

[0005] In recent years, global warming has led to high temperatures, increasing the risk of heat stress in livestock and poultry. Heat stress can cause problems such as decreased growth and reproductive performance of livestock and poultry, increased disease prevention and control costs, and decreased meat quality.

[0006] Traditional livestock and poultry farming usually uses synthetic antioxidants as feed additives to reduce the effects of heat stress, but excessive use of synthetic antioxidants has carcinogenic and mutagenic risks. Therefore, the application of natural antioxidants in livestock and poultry farming has become a trend. Chinese herbal extracts have the advantages of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wide sources. Therefore, adding Chinese herbal extracts to livestock and poultry production has become a research hotspot.

[0007] There are many types of Chinese herbal medicines with different functions. They generally contain very rich nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and trace elements. At present, the anti-stress Chinese herbal medicines published in "Talking about drugs to relieve poultry heat stress. Lin Zhaojing. 2015" mainly include the following aspects: (1) Heat-clearing, including heat-clearing and fire-reducing drugs, such as gypsum and lotus leaves; heat-clearing and dampness-drying drugs, such as scutellaria; heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, such as isatis root, dandelion, andrographis paniculata, white flower hedyotis diffusa, etc.; heat-clearing and blood-cooling drugs, such as raw rehmannia, white head, etc. (2) Anticonvulsant, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla, calamus, bombyx batryticatus, earthworm, etc. (3) Sedative, such as Corydalis yanhusuo, jujube seed, cinnabar, etc. (4) Metabolic regulation, such as seaweed, Codonopsis pilosula, Schisandra chinensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc. (5) Central nervous function adjustment, such as Acanthopanax senticosus, Schisandra chinensis, ginseng, etc. (6) Adaptogen-like substances, such as Astragalus, Panax notoginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus, honey, etc. (7) Immunity enhancement and regulation, such as Astragalus, Codonopsis, Jujube, Epimedium, Psoralea corylifolia, Ligustrum lucidum, Hedyotis diffusa, etc. (8) Hormone-like effects, which are non-hormonal agents that have hormone-like regulatory effects on animal bodies, such as ginseng, Astragalus, Acanthopanax senticosus, Licorice, Polyporus, Rehmannia glutinosa, etc. (9) Appetite and digestion-stimulating substances, such as Hawthorn, malt, etc.

[0008] Studies have shown that astragalus, selfheal, reed root, licorice, gypsum, Ligustrum lucidum, Schisandra chinensis, and Sijunzi decoction can increase the expression of HSP70 protein in chicken liver under heat stress conditions. HSP70 protein is a defensive product that enhances the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors such as high and low temperatures.

[0009] Adding Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis to feed can restore the MDA content in the heart, liver, serum (plasma) and egg yolk to normal levels and prevent lipid peroxidation.

[0010] Livestock and poultry suffer from heat stress during the production process. The use of existing Chinese medicine prescriptions can only specifically alleviate some adverse symptoms caused by heat stress, but cannot systematically and comprehensively alleviate a series of adverse effects brought about by heat stress in summer chickens. Moreover, most Chinese medicine prescriptions will affect the production performance of poultry in the heat stress recovery period. There is still room for further improvement in the effect of Chinese medicine prescriptions on alleviating heat stress in livestock and poultry. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound Chinese medicine composition that can clear away heat and detoxify, relieve summer heat and eliminate dampness, regulate qi and protect the liver, regulate chicken heat stress blood biochemistry, and reduce oxidative damage and organ damage based on the current technical deficiencies. The present invention is based on the theory of "Chinese veterinary medicine", and the prescription is mainly composed of Chinese herbal medicines. Considering that the drugs used are more, sodium bicarbonate is selected to promote the intake and absorption of drugs by chickens. This prescription is mainly composed of heat-clearing and fire-purging drugs such as gypsum, coptis root, rhizoma anemarrhenae and dried rehmannia root, supplemented by heat-drying and dampness-removing drugs such as gardenia, atractylodes macrocephala, white peony root, and cough-relieving and asthma-relieving drugs such as moutan bark and liquorice. The main and secondary auxiliary drugs can fully alleviate a series of adverse effects caused by heat stress in chickens in summer from multiple angles, fundamentally regulate the body functions of chickens, and can be used to replace drugs such as commonly used electrolytes, effectively alleviate the heat stress of chickens, and the therapeutic effect is significant and safe, without residue, and will not affect the quality and laying rate of eggs.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a compound Chinese medicine composition for alleviating heat stress in chickens.

[0013] The invention is realized by adopting the following technology: a compound Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress of chickens is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of gypsum, 10-20 parts of coptis root, 5-10 parts of gardenia, 5-10 parts of atractylodes macrocephala, 5-10 parts of white peony root, 5-10 parts of dried rehmannia root, 5-10 parts of moutan bark, 5-10 parts of anemarrhena, 5-10 parts of liquorice and 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate.

[0014] Preferably, the compound Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens is made of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of gypsum, 20 parts of coptis root, 10 parts of gardenia, 5 parts of atractylodes, 5 parts of white peony root, 10 parts of dried rehmannia root, 5 parts of moutan bark, 10 parts of anemarrhena, 10 parts of liquorice, and 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate.

[0015] A method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens comprises the following steps: weighing various Chinese medicine raw materials according to proportion, grinding them into powders, mixing and stirring them evenly, passing them through a 120-mesh sieve, and then adding sodium bicarbonate, mixing and stirring them evenly.

[0016] Raw gypsum has the effects of clearing away heat and purging fire, relieving restlessness and quenching thirst. It is often used for exogenous febrile diseases, high fever and thirst, lung heat, wheezing and coughing, hyperactivity of stomach fire, headache and toothache.

[0017] Coptis chinensis has the effects of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying. It is used for damp-heat fullness, vomiting and acid regurgitation, diarrhea, jaundice, high fever and coma, hyperactivity of heart fire, restlessness and insomnia, vomiting and bleeding due to blood heat, red eyes, toothache, thirst, carbuncle and furuncle; external treatment of eczema, wet sores, and pus in the ear canal. The prescription mainly based on Coptis chinensis can significantly increase the IL-6 and TSH in the serum of rats in the heat syndrome model and reduce liver heat.

[0018] Anemarrhena asphodeloides has the effects of quenching thirst and heat, clearing away heat and purging fire, nourishing yin and moistening dryness, replenishing deficiency, and invigorating Qi. It is used for thirst due to febrile disease, dry cough due to lung heat, hot flashes due to bone steaming, internal heat and thirst, and dry intestinal constipation.

[0019] Dried Rehmannia root has the effects of nourishing yin and clearing heat, cooling blood and replenishing blood. It is used for thirst caused by febrile disease, internal heat and polydipsia, bone steaming and fatigue fever, rashes caused by febrile disease, vomiting blood, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, hematuria, bloody stool, blood deficiency and sallow complexion, dizziness and palpitations, and amenorrhea caused by blood heat.

[0020] Gardenia has the effects of protecting liver, promoting bile secretion, lowering blood pressure, calming, stopping bleeding, and reducing swelling. It is used for restlessness caused by fever, jaundice caused by dampness and heat, painful stranguria caused by stranguria, vomiting and bleeding caused by blood heat, red and swollen eyes, fire poison sores, and external treatment of sprains and contusions. Its main components are cyclopentadiene ether terpenes. Gardenia extract has the ability to resist hemolysis and scavenge DPpH free radicals, and has a strong antioxidant effect. Gardenia glycoside can relieve renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the activities of renal CAT, GPx and SOD. Gardenia glycoside also improves the liver's antioxidant capacity by alleviating the increased activities of ALT, AST and LDH in the non-alcoholic fatty liver model.

[0021] Atractylodes macrocephala has the effects of tonifying the spleen and stomach, drying dampness and promoting diuresis, clearing turbidity, and relieving pain. It is often used for spleen deficiency, poor appetite, indigestion, diarrhea, edema, spontaneous sweating, and fetal movement disorder.

[0022] White peony root has the effects of warming yang and removing dampness, replenishing body deficiency, and strengthening the spleen and stomach. It is often used to treat rheumatism, cold pain, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, physical weakness and mental fatigue, limb convulsions, slow convulsions, dog bites and other diseases.

[0023] Cortex Moutan has central nervous system inhibitory effects such as sedation, cooling, antipyretic, analgesia, and antispasmodic, as well as anti-atherosclerotic, diuretic, and anti-ulcer effects. It is often used to treat some cardiovascular diseases and nervous system diseases.

[0024] Licorice has the effects of tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, clearing away heat and detoxifying, and harmonizing various medicines. It is used for symptoms such as sore throat, spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, peptic ulcer, and poisoning.

[0025] The compatibility principles follow the basic seven-emotion compatibility and monarch, minister, assistant and envoy standards in Chinese medicine compatibility.

[0026] Single line: refers to the medicinal material used alone. The other "six emotions" are the relationship between Chinese medicines after they meet.

[0027] Mutually dependent: refers to the use of drugs with similar properties and effects, which can significantly enhance their original therapeutic effects. For example, ephedra combined with cinnamon twig can enhance the effects of sweating, dispelling wind and cold, and gypsum and anemarrhena can enhance the effects of clearing heat and purging fire.

[0028] Mutually assisting: the main and auxiliary drugs with some common properties and effects are matched, and the auxiliary drugs can help the main drugs to improve their effects, such as Huangqi combined with Fuling to treat spleen deficiency edema, and rhubarb combined with Glauber's salt to treat heat-induced constipation. Anemarrhena and white peony root work together to enhance the effects of nourishing blood, astringing yin, clearing the heart and eliminating troubles. White peony root and coptis root work together to enhance the effects of nourishing blood, astringing yin, clearing the heart and eliminating troubles.

[0029] Mutual fear: When two drugs are used together, the toxic side effects or functions of one drug are inhibited by the other drug, such as gansui is afraid of jujube, and pinellia is afraid of ginger.

[0030] Mutual killing: It is a deepening of mutual fear, which means that one drug can reduce or eliminate the toxic side effects of another drug, such as Centella asiatica kills the poison of Tripterygium wilfordii, and Mung bean kills the poison of Croton.

[0031] Mutually incompatible: refers to the ability of one drug to destroy the original efficacy of another drug. For example, reed root is incompatible with licorice. Reed root has the effects of clearing away heat and promoting body fluid, relieving restlessness, stopping vomiting, purging the lungs and stopping coughing, while licorice has the effects of tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, removing phlegm and stopping coughing, relieving acute pain, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Using the two drugs at the same time may weaken the efficacy of each other.

[0032] On the contrary: that is, the use of two drugs together can produce or enhance toxic reactions or side effects, such as licorice is opposite to gansui, and aconite is opposite to pinellia.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the raw materials of the present invention are formulated according to a ratio, which can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, protect the liver and remove dampness, regulate qi and strengthen the body, can effectively reduce the respiratory frequency and core temperature of chickens after heat stress, improve the egg production rate, egg quality, eggshell strength and eggshell thickness of chickens, and at the same time can regulate body metabolism, reduce the adverse effects caused by respiratory alkalosis after heat stress, and can also protect organs, reduce organ damage caused by heat stress, and alleviate the damage caused by heat stress from multiple angles and in all directions.

[0034] The Chinese medicine combination of the present invention is a pure Chinese medicine + sodium bicarbonate formula, does not contain antibiotics and any toxic components, is easy and safe to use, will not cause adverse effects on egg quality, and will not produce residues in eggs; there is no need to consider drug resistance issues, does not pollute the environment, and does not cause diseases; the Chinese medicine selected for the formula has low cost and a wide source, and can generate higher economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A and B in the figure are comparisons of core temperature changes during the heat stress cycle in different groups;

[0036] Figure 1 C and D in the figure are comparisons of respiratory rate changes during heat stress period in different groups;

[0037] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05; * indicates significant differences (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant differences (P<0.01);

[0038] Figure 2 A and B in the figure are comparisons of the changes of PCO2 during the heat stress cycle in different groups;

[0039] Figure 2 C and D in the figure are comparisons of the changes of TCO2 in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0040] Figure 2 E and F in the figure are HCO3 in different groups during the heat stress cycle - Comparison of changes in

[0041] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05);

[0042] ; * represents significant difference (P<0.05), ** represents extremely significant difference (P<0.01)

[0043] Figure 3 A and B in the figure are comparisons of the changes of BEecf in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0044] Figure 3 C and D in the figure are comparisons of the changes of AnGap in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0045] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05); * indicates significant differences (P<0.05), and ** indicates extremely significant differences (P<0.01);

[0046] Figure 4A and B in the figure are comparisons of AST changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0047] Figure 4 C and D in the figure are comparisons of CK changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0048] Figure 4 E and F in the figure are comparisons of the changes of LDH in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0049] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05; * indicates significant differences (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant differences (P<0.01);

[0050] Figure 5 A and B in the figure are comparisons of TCHO changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0051] Figure 5 C and D in the figure are comparisons of TG changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0052] Figure 5 E and F in the figure are comparisons of TP changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0053] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05); * indicates significant differences (P<0.05), and ** indicates extremely significant differences (P<0.01);

[0054] Figure 6 A in the figure shows the morphological differences of the liver between the control group and the Chinese medicine treatment group;

[0055] Figure 6 B in the figure shows the morphological differences of the kidneys between the control group and the Chinese medicine treatment group;

[0056] Figure 6 C in the figure shows the morphological differences of spleen between the control group and the Chinese medicine treatment group;

[0057] Figure 7 To compare the changes in core temperature during the heat stress period in different groups;

[0058] Figure 8 To compare the changes of PCO2 in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0059] Fig. 9 Comparison of the changes of TCO2 during the heat stress cycle in different groups;

[0060] Fig.10 HCO3 in different groups during heat stress cycle - Comparison of changes in

[0061] Fig.11 Comparison of the changes of BEecf in different groups during the heat stress period;

[0062] Fig.12 Comparison of the changes of AnGap in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0063] Fig.13 To compare the changes of AST in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0064] Fig.14 Comparison of CK changes during heat stress cycle in different groups;

[0065] Fig.15 Comparison of the changes of LDH in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0066] Fig.16 Comparison of the changes of TCHO in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0067] Fig.17 Comparison of TG changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle;

[0068] Fig.18 Comparison of TP changes in different groups during the heat stress cycle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, so as to better and more intuitively understand the technical solution of the present invention. It should be noted that the optimal addition amount of this formula is 2%, and conventional chicken feed is generally 40kg / bag, so the following data are configured according to 40kg per bag and 2% addition, so each portion is 84g.

[0070] Embodiment 1:

[0071] A prescription with Chinese medicine as the main component for relieving heat stress in chickens is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 336g of gypsum, 336g of coptis root, 168g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 168g of dried rehmannia root, 168g of gardenia, 84g of atractylodes macrocephala, 84g of white peony root, 84g of moutan bark, 168g of liquorice, and 16.8g of sodium bicarbonate. The above Chinese medicine raw materials are weighed by weight, ground into powder, mixed, stirred evenly, passed through a 120-mesh sieve, then sodium bicarbonate is added and stirred evenly, and then added to the daily diet of high-yield laying hens, stirred evenly, and fed.

[0072] The experimental effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0073] 1. Evaluation of the present invention in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress

[0074] 1.1 Experimental animals

[0075] The experiment selected 90 healthy and uniformly growing adult Hy-Line brown laying hens (hens) aged 280 days and from the same breeding area, weighing 2kg±0.2kg, purchased from Shenyu Poultry Co., Ltd. in Jingmen City, Hubei Province, and conducted at the experimental chicken farm of Huazhong Agricultural University.

[0076] 1.2 Test environment

[0077] The negative control group (NC) was raised normally, and the temperature of the chicken house was maintained in the range of 18-28°C. The humidity was not constant, and the humidity was in the range of 35-65% due to weather.

[0078] The experimental groups were all placed in a constructed heat stress heating room, which was sealed with polyurethane foam to ensure the effect of heat insulation treatment. It was equipped with a heating plate for heating. The temperature of the heating plate could be controlled in the range of 20-40°C. A circulating fan was set above the heating plate to ensure that the hot air circulated in the entire space after the heating plate was heated up, and the temperature difference of the entire vertical plane was kept within 1°C as much as possible. The heating was controlled by a sensor to turn the power on and off. The heating temperature was 36°C. The temperature sensor temperature was set to start at 35.5°C and shut down at 36.5°C to ensure that the temperature in the chicken house was within the range of 36±1°C. The heat treatment humidity was controlled between 65% and 70%, and the treatment method of ground sprinkler and air humidifier was adopted.

[0079] The lighting schemes of the negative control group (PC) and the Chinese medicine group (treat1) were consistent, with 16 h of light (6 am to 10 pm) and 8 h of darkness (10 pm to 6 am the next day), controlled by an automatic timer switch.

[0080] 1.3 Experimental plan

[0081] The negative control group was raised in a normal temperature and humidity environment (18-28℃), and the positive control group and the Chinese medicine group were placed in a heat stress heating room. The positive control group and the Chinese medicine group were moved into the heat stress heating room one week in advance and began to be treated. The temperature and humidity were the same as the negative control group. The Chinese medicine group was fed with Chinese medicine formula additive feed, and the negative and positive control groups were fed with normal feed. The advance feeding process lasted for two weeks to reduce the stress of feed change and ensure that the chickens treated with the Chinese medicine group took in enough Chinese medicine.

[0082] After the start of the heat stress experiment, the heating process lasted for two weeks. The heating time was from 11 am to 4 pm every day, simulating the hottest six hours of the day. Normal water and feed were given during the duration. After the start of heating, six respirations (respiratory rate) were measured for 1 min in each group every two days. The rectal temperature (core temperature) was measured on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of heating. Blood was collected from each chicken using the subwing vein blood sampling method. 0.5 mL of anticoagulated blood was collected using a lithium heparin vacuum blood collection tube for blood gas index detection. 3 mL of blood was collected using an ordinary vacuum blood collection tube and serum was separated for biochemical index detection. At the end of the experiment, the liver, kidney and spleen of 5 chickens in each group were paraffin sliced ​​and HE staining was used to observe tissue damage. The data on the first day were defined as the acute heat stress period (Acute), the data on the 7th day were defined as the acute to chronic heat stress period (middle), and the data on the 14th day were defined as the chronic heat stress period (chronic). They were processed according to the overall data and the data of the three periods respectively.

[0083] The egg production rate of each experimental group was recorded every day during the 28-day experimental period. On the day before heating and 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after heating, three replicates were performed in each group, with 3 eggs in each replicate, i.e., 9 eggs were measured each time, and the egg weight, albumen height, eggshell thickness, yolk color, Haugh units, and other data were recorded.

[0084] Egg weight: Use an electronic balance to weigh the eggs to obtain the weight of each egg;

[0085] Eggshell strength: Use an eggshell strength tester to place each egg horizontally in the tester frame, and the tester will crush the eggshell to test its strength.

[0086] Egg white height, yolk color, Haugh unit: Use the egg quality automatic tester to break the eggs along the gap from the position where the eggshell thickness is measured and place them in the test tray. Select normal measurement and then automatically measure. Before each measurement, wash off the remaining egg liquid on the test tray.

[0087] 1.4 Experimental Results

[0088] 1.4.1 Physiological indicators

[0089] Physiological indicators include core temperature and respiratory rate. Measuring core temperature and respiratory rate can reflect the degree of heat stress from the whole body level. After data analysis and processing, it is found that in the comparison of core temperature, such as Figure 1 As shown in A, the core temperature of the positive control group was greater than that of the negative control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). The core temperature of the Chinese medicine group was 42.53℃, which was lower than that of the positive control group (42.73℃) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Figure 1As shown in Figure B, from the data of the three cycles, the core temperature of the positive control group was greater than that of the Chinese medicine group during the acute heat stress period and the acute-to-chronic heat stress period, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Figure 1 As shown in C, the respiratory rate of the positive control group was greater than that of the negative control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). The respiratory rate of the Chinese medicine group (143.07 times / min) was lower than that of the positive control group (147.75 times / min) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The respiratory rate was measured every two days. Figure 1 As shown in D in the figure, from the perspective of the cycle, the respiratory rate of the positive control group was greater than that of the Chinese medicine group during the acute heat stress period (1d), the acute to chronic heat stress period (3d) and the chronic heat stress period (9d), and the difference was extremely significant.

[0090] Production performance

[0091] This embodiment mainly selected egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, albumen height, yolk color and Haugh unit to evaluate the positive control group and the Chinese medicine group after heat stress. As shown in Table 1, the egg weight of the Chinese medicine group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P<0.01), the yolk color of the Chinese medicine group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group (P<0.05), and the albumen height and Haugh unit of the Chinese medicine group were significantly higher than those of the positive control group (P<0.05).

[0092] Table 1: Results of production performance indicators before and after heat stress

[0093]

[0094] Homeostasis

[0095] This example mainly selects the CO2 index which is most directly related to respiratory alkalosis, the BE index (base excess) which is related to metabolic acidosis, and the index AnGap (anion gap, used to measure the concentration of undetected ions in the blood). This example finds that among the CO2-related indexes, HCO3 - Similar to the TCO2 difference, such as Figure 2 C and E in the figure are HCO3 of the positive control group - and TCO2 were significantly lower than those in the negative control group (P<0.01). - and TCO2 indexes were greater than those in the positive control group and the difference was significant (P<0.01). Figure 2 The data of the three periods in D and F are also very similar, both of which are HCO3 of the Chinese medicine group during the acute heat stress period and the acute-to-chronic heat stress period. - and TCO2 indexes were greater than those in the positive control group and the difference was significant (P<0.01). Figure 2As shown in A in Figure 1, in the comparison of PCO2, the PCO2 index of the positive control group was lower than that of the negative control group and the difference was significant (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the Chinese medicine group and the positive control group and the negative control group (P>0.05). However, in the comparison of periodic data, as shown in Figure 1 Figure 2 As shown in B, the PCO2 index of the Chinese medicine group was greater than that of the positive control group during the acute heat stress period, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01), and the PCO2 index of the Chinese medicine group was greater than that of the positive control group during the chronic heat stress period, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).

[0096] There are some special differences between BE and AnGap, such as Figure 3 In A, B, C and D, there were no significant differences in BE and AnGap values, but in the periodic data, the negative growth rate of BE in the Chinese medicine group was smaller than that in the positive control group, and the positive growth rate of AnGap in the Chinese medicine group was smaller than that in the positive control group.

[0097] Oxidative damage

[0098] In this example, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were selected to represent the degree of oxidative damage in liver and muscle tissue, respectively, so as to judge the overall oxidative damage status. Figure 4 As shown in A and B in the figure, this example found that in terms of aspartate aminotransferase, the AST of the positive control group was greater than that of the negative control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01), and the AST of the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of the positive control group and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In the periodic data, the AST of the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of the positive control group during the acute heat stress period and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). Figure 4 As shown in C and D in the figure, in the comparison of creatine kinase, the CK of the positive control group was greater than that of the negative control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01), and the CK of the Chinese medicine group was about 9.2% lower than that of the positive control group, but the difference was not significant (P=0.072). In the periodic data, the CK of the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of the positive control group during the acute heat stress period and the difference was significant (P<0.05), and the difference was not significant in the other periods. Figure 4 As shown in Figures E and F, in the comparison of lactate dehydrogenase, the LDH of the positive control group was greater than that of the negative control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01), and the LDH of the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of the positive control group and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.05). In the periodic data, the LDH of the Chinese medicine group was lower than that of the positive control group in the three heat stress periods and the difference was significant (P<0.05).

[0099] Nutritional status of the body

[0100] This example selects serum total cholesterol (TCHO), triglycerides (TG), serum total protein (TP) and other data to represent the body's nutritional status to determine the overall nutritional intake and absorption status. Figure 5 As shown in A, C and E in Figure 1, the values ​​of the three nutritional data indicators in the positive control group were lower than those in the negative control group and the differences were extremely significant (P<0.01). Figure 5 As shown in D and F in Figure 3, the TG and TP values ​​of the Chinese medicine group were greater than those of the positive control group during the acute heat stress period and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). Figure 5 As shown in B, the TCHO value of the Chinese medicine group was greater than that of the positive control group during the acute heat stress period, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In terms of periodic data, the TP value of the Chinese medicine group during the acute heat stress period and the acute-to-chronic heat stress period was greater than that of the positive control group, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). The TG value of the Chinese medicine group during the acute heat stress period and the chronic heat stress period was greater than that of the positive control group, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). The rest of the differences were not significant.

[0101] Tissue damage

[0102] Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the morphological changes of liver, kidney and spleen of heat-stressed Hy-Line brown laying hens Figure 6 As shown in A, B and C in the figure. The results of liver observation showed that the liver plates and cords in the positive control were disordered, the arrangement pattern was completely disrupted, the intercellular space was enlarged, there were more bleeding points, and the degree of cell necrosis was very high. The liver plates and cords in the Chinese medicine group were arranged more normally, with only a few bleeding points and a lower degree of necrosis. Observation of the kidneys showed that the renal tubular wall of the positive control group was severely thickened, the tissue hyperplasia was obvious, the glomerular morphology was severely damaged, and the number of complete glomeruli in the field of view was very small; the Chinese medicine group had less tissue hyperplasia, the renal tubular wall was slightly thickened, there was still normal cell morphology, the glomerular damage was relatively light, and the number of complete glomeruli in the field of view was about half. Observation of the spleen showed that heat stress caused serious damage to the spleen. The red and white pulps in the positive control group and the two Chinese medicine groups were arranged in a disordered manner, and it was difficult to find the arrangement pattern of the splenic cords and splenic sinuses. In addition, the positive control group showed partial hyperplasia and severe necrosis of the splenic nodules; the degree of bleeding in the Chinese medicine group was lighter than that in the positive control group, the number of complete splenic nodules was more than half, and the degree of necrosis was relatively light.

[0103] Conclusion of the embodiment: The Chinese medicine formula combined with normal diet can significantly alleviate the increase in core temperature, internal environment disorder, oxidative damage and tissue damage of the body caused by heat stress in chickens, and has certain effects on both acute heat stress and chronic heat stress, and has better effects on acute heat stress.

[0104] Comparative Example 1

[0105] A prescription for relieving heat stress in chickens with traditional Chinese medicine as the main ingredient, wherein the prescriptions of different experimental groups are composed of the following raw materials in the following mass proportions:

[0106] Formula 1: Gypsum, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan, Licorice 5:2:2:1;

[0107] Formula 2: Patchouli, Astragalus, Crataegus, Gardenia 4: 2: 2: 2;

[0108] Formula 3: Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Moutan, Radix Glycyrrhizae 5: 2: 2: 1;

[0109] Formula 4: Gypsum, Coptis chinensis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 4: 2: 2: 2;

[0110] The above Chinese medicinal materials were weighed by weight, ground into powder, mixed, stirred evenly, passed through a 120-mesh sieve, and then sodium bicarbonate was added and stirred evenly, added to the high-yielding laying hen diet, stirred evenly, and fed. Heat stress treatment was performed according to the method of Example 1, and the egg production rate, average egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit and physiological indicators were measured.

[0111] In addition, a group of high-yield laying hens were selected without feeding any Chinese medicinal materials and subjected to heat stress treatment according to the method of Example 1, and the egg production rate, average egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, physiological indexes, and internal environment indexes before and after the heat stress treatment were measured.

[0112] Table 2 Performance related indicators

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] The egg production rate was the average value of the statistical data for one week; the average egg weight, eggshell strength and Haugh unit were measured by randomly selecting 2-3 eggs from each group's daily production using an automatic egg quality tester.

[0116] It can be seen that when the diet containing the Chinese medicine of Example 1 of the present invention is fed, the egg production rate, average egg weight, eggshell strength and Haugh unit of the high-producing laying hens are higher than those when they are fed with the diet containing formulations 1-4.

[0117] The core temperature (intestinal temperature) of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress treatment was measured, or the core temperature (intestinal temperature) of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing no Chinese medicine and before and after heat stress treatment was measured. Figure 7 As shown:

[0118] Group 1: 42.04 ± 0.53 °C

[0119] Group 2: 42.30 ± 0.21 °C

[0120] Group 3: 42.14±0.39℃

[0121] Group 4: 41.95 ± 0.14 °C

[0122] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 42.16±0.16℃

[0123] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 41.10±0.24℃

[0124] It can be seen that adding formula 2, Patchouli, Astragalus, Crataegus, and Gardenia to the diet for feeding high-producing laying hens has no obvious help in lowering the intestinal temperature of heat-stressed chickens.

[0125] The PCO2 of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress was measured, or the PCO2 of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets without Chinese medicine and subjected to heat stress was measured. Figure 8 As shown:

[0126] Group 1: 31.77 ± 6.45 mmHg

[0127] Group 2: 29.71 ± 3.44 mmHg

[0128] Group 3: 29.36 ± 7.76 mmHg

[0129] Group 4: 28.51 ± 4.44 mmHg

[0130] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 26.83±3.13mmHg

[0131] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 32.05±3.62mmHg

[0132] The TCO2 of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress was measured, or the TCO2 of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets without Chinese medicine and subjected to heat stress was measured. Fig. 9 As shown:

[0133] Group 1: 24.53 ± 2.67 mmol / L

[0134] Group 2: 22.93 ± 1.19 mmol / L

[0135] Group 3: 22.53±1.96mmol / L

[0136] Group 4: 23.00 ± 2.89 mmol / L

[0137] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 23.13±1.51mmol / L

[0138] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 23.75±1.48mmol / L

[0139] Measure the HCO3 of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress, or fed with diets without Chinese medicine, and the HCO3 before and after heat stress treatment is as follows: Fig.10 As shown:

[0140] Group 1: 23.62±2.54mmol / L

[0141] Group 2: 21.93 ± 1.77 mmol / L

[0142] Group 3: 21.57±1.89mmol / L

[0143] Group 4: 22.19 ± 2.86 mmol / L

[0144] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 22.34±1.83mmol / L

[0145] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 22.74±1.48mmol / L

[0146] The BEecf of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress, or fed with diets without Chinese medicine and subjected to heat stress, were measured. Fig.11 As shown:

[0147] Group 1: 0.20 ± 2.57 mmol / L

[0148] Group 2: -1.67±2.16mmol / L

[0149] Group 3: -2.40 ± 2.38 mmol / L

[0150] Group 4: -0.92±3.75mmol / L

[0151] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): -1.13±2.07mmol / L

[0152] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 0.04±2.37mmol / L

[0153] The AnGap of high-yielding laying hens fed diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress was measured, or the AnGap of high-yielding laying hens fed diets without Chinese medicine and subjected to heat stress was measured. Fig.12 As shown:

[0154] Group 1: 10.87 ± 1.92 mmol / L

[0155] Group 2: 13.73 ± 1.79 mmol / L

[0156] Group 3: 11.87±2.17mmol / L

[0157] Group 4: 11.25 ± 2.30 mmol / L

[0158] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 11.00±2.33mmol / L

[0159] Before heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (NC): 9.83±2.71mmol / L

[0160] It can be seen that formulas 1 to 4 added to the diet to feed high-yielding laying hens can prevent chicken alkalosis, among which formulas 2, 3 and 4 are slightly less effective, causing the HCO3, BE and AnGap levels in the blood to be lower than the HCO3 levels in the blood of laying hens after heat stress treatment without Chinese medicine feed, and the laying hens may have alkalosis, which is not as good as the Chinese medicine composition of Example 1 of the present invention. Formula 2 contains: Patchouli, Astragalus, Crataegus, Gardenia; Formula 3 contains: Coptis, Atractylodes, Cortex Moutan, Licorice; Formula 4: Gypsum, Coptis, Crataegus, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae;

[0161] The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing formulations 1 to 4 and heat stress treatment was measured, or the AST before and after heat stress treatment was measured after being fed with diets without Chinese medicine. Fig.13 As shown: Group 1: 194.75±21.27U / L

[0162] Group 2: 189.62 ± 17.26 U / L

[0163] Group 3: 204.64 ± 26.17 U / L

[0164] Group 4: 195.22 ± 30.11 U / L

[0165] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 199.89±10.04U / L

[0166] Creatine kinase (CK) was measured in high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and after heat stress treatment, or fed with diets without Chinese medicine and before and after heat stress treatment. Fig.14 As shown:

[0167] Group 1: 2836.37 ± 853.40 U / L

[0168] Group 2: 2302.00±645.20U / L

[0169] Group 3: 2536.55±770.08U / L

[0170] Group 4: 2635.44 ± 503.49 U / L

[0171] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 2947.67±685.78U / L

[0172] The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and heat-stressed, or fed with diets without Chinese medicine and LDH before and after heat stress treatment, was measured. Fig.15 As shown: Group 1: 983.87±225.90U / L

[0173] Group 2: 842.50 ± 336.45 U / L

[0174] Group 3: 1039.18 ± 307.34 U / L

[0175] Group 4: 925.33 ± 278.67 U / L

[0176] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 1158.56±300.98U / L

[0177] It can be seen that Formulation 3 and Formulation 1 are suspected of causing oxidative damage to the liver and muscle tissues of laying hens. The Chinese medicine composition of Example 1 of the present invention can prevent oxidative damage to the liver and muscle tissues of laying hens. Formulation 1: Gypsum, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan, Licorice; Formulation 3: Coptis chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Cortex Moutan, Licorice;

[0178] Serum total cholesterol (TCHO) of high-yielding laying hens fed diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress, or fed diets without Chinese medicine, and TCHO before and after heat stress treatment was measured. Fig.16 As shown:

[0179] Group 1: 3.45 ± 0.53 mmol / L

[0180] Group 2: 2.84 ± 0.81 mmol / L

[0181] Group 3: 3.18 ± 0.56 mmol / L

[0182] Group 4: 3.05 ± 0.54 mmol / L

[0183] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 2.88±0.86mmol / L

[0184] The triglyceride (TG) of high-yielding laying hens fed with diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress treatment was measured, or the TG before and after heat stress treatment was measured after being fed with diets without Chinese medicine. Fig.17 As shown:

[0185] Group 1: 2.96 ± 0.73 mmol / L

[0186] Group 2: 2.37 ± 0.82 mmol / L

[0187] Group 3: 2.90 ± 0.78 mmol / L

[0188] Group 4: 2.61±0.71mmol / L

[0189] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 2.46±0.75mmol / L

[0190] Serum total protein (TP) of high-yielding laying hens fed diets containing Formulations 1 to 4 and subjected to heat stress was measured, or TP before and after heat stress was measured when the diets were fed without Chinese medicine. Fig.18 As shown:

[0191] Group 1: 40.25 ± 7.60 mmol / L

[0192] Group 2: 33.77 ± 8.18 mmol / L

[0193] Group 3: 38.99 ± 7.78 mmol / L

[0194] Group 4: 36.06±7.12mmol / L

[0195] After heat stress treatment of feed without Chinese medicine (PC): 33.76±6.94mmol / L

[0196] It can be seen that Formula 2 reduces the nutrient intake and absorption of laying hens, and the Chinese medicine composition of Example 1 of the present invention can promote the nutrient intake and absorption of laying hens. Formula 2 contains: Patchouli, Astragalus, Crataegus, Gardenia;

[0197] However, by combining some of the ingredients in Formulas 1 to 4 into the Chinese medicinal ingredients of Example 1 and adding them to the diet, the problems of alkalosis in heat-stressed chickens, oxidative damage to the liver or muscle tissue, and nutrient intake and absorption were solved through synergistic effects, and the egg production rate, average egg weight, eggshell strength, and Haugh unit of high-producing laying hens were ensured.

Claims

1. A Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of gypsum, 10-20 parts of coptis root, 5-10 parts of gardenia, 5-10 parts of atractylodes macrocephala, 5-10 parts of white peony root, 5-10 parts of dried rehmannia root, 5-10 parts of moutan bark, 5-10 parts of anemarrhena asphodeloides, 5-10 parts of liquorice and 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate.

2. A method for preparing the Chinese medicine composition for relieving heat stress in chickens as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Weigh each Chinese medicinal material in proportion, grind the raw materials into powder, mix and stir evenly, pass through a 120-mesh sieve, and then mix with sodium bicarbonate weighed in proportion after sieving to obtain a finished dosage form.

3. Use of the Chinese medicine composition according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating heat stress in laying hens and broiler chickens caused by high temperature weather.

Images