Ultrasonic interferometry based aircraft component inspection apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses an aviation component detection device and method based on ultrasonic interference, which comprises a mounting plate, further comprises: a spiral guide mechanism arranged on the mounting plate; a clamping mechanism arranged on the mounting plate and used for clamping a tubular part; and a first vertical plate installed on the mounting plate. The ultrasonic detection head is cooperated with the spiral guide mechanism to spiral around the outside of the tubular part, and the ultrasonic detection head is used for ultrasonic detection of the tubular part from the outer wall of the tubular part, so that manual ultrasonic detection is not needed, the work burden can be greatly reduced, and the missed detection can be avoided, and then the ultrasonic detection of the tubular part is accurately carried out, and the detection accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic testing technology, specifically, it relates to an equipment and method for testing aerospace components based on ultrasonic interferometry. Background Technology

[0002] In the aviation industry, the safety and reliability of aviation components are of paramount importance. In order to ensure the normal operation of aviation components and prevent potential failures, it is necessary to conduct regular inspections and maintenance on aviation components, as well as ultrasonic flaw detection on aviation components after production.

[0003] When performing ultrasonic testing on tubular aerospace components, operators typically hold the probe close to the component and continuously move it to detect more areas. Because of the length of the tubular component, this requires prolonged handheld operation, leading to fatigue. Furthermore, the need for multi-position detection results in missed areas, hindering accurate ultrasonic testing of the tubular aerospace component. Existing ultrasonic testing technologies are general-purpose and not optimized for tubular components; software improvements are also needed.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a device that can automatically perform ultrasonic flaw detection on tubular components, improving detection efficiency while accurately performing ultrasonic detection on tubular aerospace components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an ultrasonic interferometric-based aerospace component inspection device that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry, comprising a mounting plate, and:

[0007] A spiral guide mechanism is mounted on the mounting plate;

[0008] A clamping mechanism, mounted on the mounting plate, is used to clamp tubular parts;

[0009] A first upright plate is mounted on the mounting plate, and a connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the first upright plate;

[0010] A multi-stage telescopic rod is connected at one end to the connecting shaft. An ultrasonic detection head and a connecting block are respectively installed at the front end of the multi-stage telescopic rod. The ultrasonic detection head corresponds to the outer wall of the tubular part. The connecting block is connected to the spiral guide mechanism so that the ultrasonic detection head spirals around the tubular part when the connecting shaft rotates.

[0011] Preferably, the system further includes an ultrasonic signal processing module for receiving and processing signals acquired by the ultrasonic detection head. The construction and use of the ultrasonic signal processing module are as follows:

[0012] Step S1: Acquire and preprocess ultrasonic data.

[0013] Step S11: Segment and resample the original phased array ultrasonic data to obtain a fixed-size ultrasonic image.

[0014] Step S12: Perform data enhancement operations on the ultrasound images, including rotation, translation, scaling, and adding noise, to increase the diversity and robustness of the data.

[0015] Step S13: Annotate the ultrasound images and classify them into positive and negative categories based on whether they contain defects.

[0016] Step S2: Construct and train an ultrasonic data processing model.

[0017] Step S21: Construct a deep convolutional neural network model, including multiple convolutional layers, pooling layers, fully connected layers, and an output layer.

[0018] Step S22: Select appropriate hyperparameters such as loss function, optimizer, and learning rate, and train the model.

[0019] Step S23: Use the validation set and test set to evaluate the model performance, and adjust the model parameters or structure until satisfactory results are achieved.

[0020] Step S3: Invoke the pre-trained ultrasound data processing model for defect detection. This includes the following sub-steps:

[0021] Step S31: Perform the same preprocessing operation as in step S1 on the phased array ultrasonic data to be tested.

[0022] Step S32: Input the preprocessed ultrasound images into the trained deep convolutional neural network model to obtain the classification results for each ultrasound image.

[0023] Step S33: Based on the classification results, mark the ultrasound images containing defects, and determine the location, size, and shape of the defects based on the position and size of the ultrasound images in the original data.

[0024] Preferably, the spiral guide mechanism includes a spiral winding rod connected to the mounting plate, and the connecting block has a connecting hole, through which the connecting block is slidably connected to the spiral winding rod.

[0025] Preferably, the spiral guide mechanism further includes a sleeve connected to the mounting plate, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a spiral guide groove, one end of the sleeve is provided with an inlet groove, the inlet groove is connected to the spiral guide groove, and the connecting block is slidably connected in the spiral guide groove.

[0026] Preferably, the mounting plate is provided with a second upright plate, and the mounting plate has a sliding groove. One end of the second upright plate is slidably connected in the sliding groove. A screw is rotatably connected to the mounting plate. The second upright plate is threadedly connected to the screw. The spiral guide mechanism is provided on the second upright plate to change the distance between the spiral guide mechanism and the first upright plate.

[0027] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional threaded rod, a connecting column is fixedly connected to the second upright plate, the middle section of the bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting column, threaded sleeves are threadedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod, and limit frames are symmetrically fixedly connected to the connecting column. The threaded sleeves are slidably connected to the limit frames, so as to drive the threaded sleeves at both ends to move away from each other to press against the inner wall of the tubular part when the bidirectional threaded rod rotates, or to release the tubular part when they move closer to each other.

[0028] Furthermore, a rack is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, a connecting rod is rotatably connected to the connecting column, a gear is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod, the gear meshes with the rack, a slot is opened in the connecting column, and the connecting rod is connected to the bidirectional threaded rod by a timing belt, the timing belt being located in the slot.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes a drain pipe for discharging coupling agent onto the tubular component.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes an air blowing pipe, disposed on the first upright plate, for blowing air into the tubular part for cleaning.

[0031] Preferably, a piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the first upright plate, and a piston rod with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected in the piston cylinder. An eccentric wheel is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft, and one end of the piston rod is slidably connected in a limiting groove on the outer wall of the eccentric wheel. The piston plate on the piston rod divides the piston cylinder into a liquid chamber and a gas chamber. A suction pipe and a connecting pipe are respectively installed on the liquid chamber. The connecting pipe is connected to the drain pipe. A first one-way valve is provided in both the suction pipe and the connecting pipe.

[0032] Preferably, an exhaust pipe and an intake pipe are respectively installed on the piston cylinder, and a second one-way valve is provided in both the exhaust pipe and the intake pipe. The exhaust pipe is connected to the blowing pipe.

[0033] Preferably, a first cavity groove is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft, a first connecting ring is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft, the first connecting ring is connected to the first cavity groove, the end of the connecting pipe away from the piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring, and one end of the drain pipe leads to the first cavity groove.

[0034] Preferably, a second cavity groove is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft, a second connecting ring is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft, the second connecting ring is connected to the second cavity groove, the end of the exhaust pipe away from the piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the second connecting ring, and one end of the blowing pipe is connected to the second cavity groove.

[0035] A method for inspecting aerospace components based on ultrasonic interferometry mainly includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Clamp the tubular part using the clamping mechanism, and connect the connecting block on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod to the spiral guide mechanism;

[0037] S2. By driving the connecting shaft to rotate, the connecting block on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod, guided by the spiral guide mechanism, causes the ultrasonic testing head to spiral around and advance on the outer wall of the tubular part, thereby performing a circumferential ultrasonic flaw detection on the outer wall of the tubular part.

[0038] S3. During the testing process, coupling agent is discharged onto the outer wall of the tubular part through the drain pipe in the forward direction of the ultrasonic testing head.

[0039] S4, and clean the inner wall of the tubular part by blowing air through the air pipe;

[0040] S5. When the ultrasonic testing head moves from one end of the tubular part to the other end, the ultrasonic flaw detection is completed.

[0041] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The present invention uses an ultrasonic testing head in conjunction with a spiral guiding mechanism to spirally surround the tubular part, and performs ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part from the outer wall of the tubular part. This eliminates the need for manual holding of the ultrasonic testing head for flaw detection, which can greatly reduce the workload and avoid missed detection, thereby accurately performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part and improving the detection accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention. Figure 1 .

[0043] Figure 2 This invention proposes an ultrasonic interferometry-based aerospace component inspection device. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0044] Figure 3 This invention proposes an ultrasonic interferometry-based aerospace component inspection device. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0045] Figure 4 This invention proposes an ultrasonic interferometry-based aerospace component inspection device. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention. Figure 2 .

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting tube of an aerospace component testing device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing rod of an aerospace component testing device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting column of an aerospace component testing device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0050] Figure 9 This is a front view of an aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage telescopic rod for an aerospace component testing device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0052] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral winding rod of an aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry proposed in this invention.

[0053] In the diagram: 1. Mounting plate; 11. Second vertical plate; 12. Screw; 121. Slide groove; 13. Connecting column; 131. Empty groove; 132. Connecting rod; 133. Gear; 134. Rack; 135. Limiting bracket; 136. Synchronous belt; 137. Bidirectional threaded rod; 138. Threaded sleeve; 14. Sleeve; 141. Spiral guide groove; 142. Inlet groove; 143. Fixing rod; 15. Tubular part; 16. Multi-stage telescopic rod; 161. Connecting block; 162. Ultrasonic detection head; 163. Drain pipe; 164. First chamber; 165. Second chamber; 166. Air blowing pipe; 17. Connecting shaft; 18. Piston cylinder; 180. Piston rod; 1801. Eccentric wheel; 181. Liquid chamber; 1811. Connecting pipe; 1812. First connecting ring; 1813. Suction pipe; 1814. Liquid storage cylinder; 182. Gas chamber; 1821. Exhaust pipe; 1822. Suction pipe; 1823. Second connecting ring; 19. Motor; 2. First vertical plate; 3. Spiral winding rod. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0055] Example

[0056] Reference Figures 1 to 11 An ultrasonic interference-based aerospace component inspection device includes a mounting plate 1, and further includes: a spiral guide mechanism disposed on the mounting plate 1; a clamping mechanism disposed on the mounting plate 1 for clamping a tubular part 15; a first upright plate 2 mounted on the mounting plate 1, with a connecting shaft 17 rotatably connected to the first upright plate 2; and a multi-stage telescopic rod 16, one end of which is connected to the connecting shaft 17. The front end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 is respectively equipped with an ultrasonic detection head 162 and a connecting block 161. The ultrasonic detection head 162 corresponds to the outer wall of the tubular part 15, and the connecting block 161 is connected to the spiral guide mechanism to allow the ultrasonic detection head 162 to spirally advance around the tubular part 15 when the connecting shaft 17 rotates.

[0057] When performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part 15, this device clamps the tubular part 15 using a clamping mechanism and connects the connecting block 161 to the spiral guide mechanism. The motor 19 mounted on the first vertical plate 2 drives the connecting shaft 17 to rotate, which in turn drives the eccentrically mounted multi-stage telescopic rod 16 to rotate. During the rotation, the connecting block 161 rotates around the spiral guide mechanism. Since the spiral guide mechanism is spiral-shaped, when the connecting shaft 17 rotates, the ultrasonic detection head 162 can spirally encircle the tubular part 15 through the cooperation of the connecting block 161 and the spiral guide mechanism. During the spiraling process, the ultrasonic detection head 162 can move forward, pulling the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 to extend. The multi-stage telescopic rod 16 is mainly used to install and support the ultrasonic detection head 162 and the connecting block 161. Therefore, the ultrasonic detection head 162 can perform ultrasonic flaw detection on the outer wall of the tubular part 15.

[0058] It should be understood that the detection width of the ultrasonic testing head 162 is greater than the spacing between the spirals in the spiral guide mechanism. Therefore, when the ultrasonic testing head 162 surrounds the tubular part 15, one side of the ultrasonic testing head 162 can cover part of the previous surround path, thus avoiding missed areas when performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part 15.

[0059] This device uses an ultrasonic testing head 162, in conjunction with a spiral guide mechanism, to spirally encircle the tubular part 15. By performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part 15 from its outer wall, it eliminates the need for manual handling of the ultrasonic testing head 162, greatly reducing workload and preventing missed detections.

[0060] In one embodiment, the specific signal processing procedure of the ultrasonic signal processing module is described as follows. The construction and usage process of the ultrasonic signal processing module is as follows:

[0061] Step S1: Acquire and preprocess ultrasonic data.

[0062] Step S11: Segment and resample the original phased array ultrasonic data to obtain a fixed-size ultrasonic image.

[0063] Step S12: Perform data enhancement operations on the ultrasound images, including rotation, translation, scaling, and adding noise, to increase the diversity and robustness of the data.

[0064] Step S13: Annotate the ultrasound images and classify them into positive and negative categories based on whether they contain defects.

[0065] - Step S2: Build and train the ultrasonic data processing model.

[0066] Step S21: Construct a deep convolutional neural network model, including multiple convolutional layers, pooling layers, fully connected layers, and an output layer.

[0067] Step S22: Select appropriate hyperparameters such as loss function, optimizer, and learning rate, and train the model.

[0068] Step S23: Use the validation set and test set to evaluate the model performance, and adjust the model parameters or structure until satisfactory results are achieved.

[0069] - Step S3: Invoke the pre-trained ultrasound data processing model for defect detection. This includes the following sub-steps:

[0070] Step S31: Perform the same preprocessing operation as in step S1 on the phased array ultrasonic data to be tested.

[0071] Step S32: Input the preprocessed ultrasound images into the trained deep convolutional neural network model to obtain the classification results for each ultrasound image.

[0072] Step S33: Based on the classification results, mark the ultrasound images containing defects, and determine the location, size, and shape of the defects based on the position and size of the ultrasound images in the original data.

[0073] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 11 The spiral guide mechanism includes a spiral winding rod 3 connected to the mounting plate 1, and a connecting hole is provided on the connecting block 161. The connecting block 161 is slidably connected to the spiral winding rod 3 through the connecting hole.

[0074] The connecting block 161 is sleeved on the spiral winding rod 3 through the connecting hole. The spiral winding rod 3 is fixedly set. Therefore, when the connecting shaft 17 drives the ultrasonic detection head 162 to rotate, the connecting block 161, guided by the spiral winding rod 3, surrounds the tubular part 15 and moves forward.

[0075] In one embodiment, the spiral guide mechanism further includes a sleeve 14 connected to the mounting plate 1. A spiral guide groove 141 is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 14. An inlet slot 142 is provided at one end of the sleeve 14. The inlet slot 142 is connected to the spiral guide groove 141. A connecting block 161 is slidably connected in the spiral guide groove 141.

[0076] The ultrasonic testing head 162 is slidably connected to the spiral guide groove 141 via the connecting block 161. When the connecting shaft 17 drives the ultrasonic testing head 162 to rotate, the connecting block 161, guided by the spiral guide groove 141, causes the ultrasonic testing head 162 on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 to circle around and advance around the tubular part 15, thereby enabling the ultrasonic testing head 162 to perform ultrasonic flaw detection on the outer wall of the tubular part 15.

[0077] A second vertical plate 11 is provided on the mounting plate 1. A sliding groove 121 is provided on the mounting plate 1. One end of the second vertical plate 11 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 121. A screw 12 is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 1. The second vertical plate 11 is threadedly connected to the screw 12. A spiral guide mechanism is provided on the second vertical plate 11 to change the distance between the spiral guide mechanism and the first vertical plate 2.

[0078] By rotating the screw 12, the screw 12 drives the second vertical plate 11 to slide in the slide groove 121, thereby changing the distance between the second vertical plate 11 and the first vertical plate 2.

[0079] By changing the distance between the second vertical plate 11 and the first vertical plate 2, it is easier to pick up the tubular part 15.

[0080] In one example, the clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional threaded rod 137, a connecting column 13 fixedly connected to the second vertical plate 11, a middle section of the bidirectional threaded rod 137 rotatably connected to one end of the connecting column 13, threaded sleeves 138 threadedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 137, and limit frames 135 symmetrically fixedly connected to the connecting column 13. The threaded sleeves 138 are slidably connected to the limit frames 135, so as to drive the threaded sleeves 138 at both ends to move away from each other and press against the inner wall of the tubular part 15 when the bidirectional threaded rod 137 rotates, or to release the tubular part 15 when they move closer to each other. A fixing rod 143 is fixedly connected to the connecting column 13, and one end of the fixing rod 143 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 14.

[0081] By driving the bidirectional threaded rod 137 to rotate, the threaded sleeves 138 at both ends are driven to move away from or towards each other when the bidirectional threaded rod 137 rotates.

[0082] One end of the tubular part 15 is placed on the bidirectional threaded rod 137. When the threaded sleeves 138 move away from each other, one end of the threaded sleeve 138 abuts against the inner wall of the tubular part 15, thereby clamping the tubular part 15 and preventing loosening during the ultrasonic flaw detection process.

[0083] Secondly, when the threaded sleeves 138 are close to each other, the tubular part 15 can be left unclamped.

[0084] In one instance, the clamping mechanism can also be a clamping cylinder.

[0085] A rack 134 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 1, and a connecting rod 132 is rotatably connected to the connecting column 13. A gear 133 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 132. The gear 133 meshes with the rack 134. A slot 131 is opened in the connecting column 13. The connecting rod 132 and the bidirectional threaded rod 137 are connected by a timing belt 136, which is located in the slot 131.

[0086] The rotation of the bidirectional threaded rod 137 can be achieved by rotating the screw 12 after placing one end of the tubular part 15 on the threaded sleeve 138. This drives the second vertical plate 11 to approach the first vertical plate 2. During the movement of the second vertical plate 11, the gear 133 on the second vertical plate 11 meshes with the rack 134 and rotates, thereby driving the connecting rod 132 to rotate. Both the connecting rod 132 and the bidirectional threaded rod 137 are fixedly connected to the middle section of a synchronous pulley. The synchronous belt 136 is connected to the synchronous pulley, so that when the connecting rod 132 rotates, it drives the bidirectional threaded rod 137 to rotate, which facilitates the clamping of the tubular part 15.

[0087] This device clamps the tubular part 15 during the clamping process, preventing the use of other electrical components, and the clamping is more stable.

[0088] When the second vertical plate 11 is driven close to the first vertical plate 2, the tubular part 15 is clamped. Then, by pulling one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16, the connecting block 161 is put into the inlet slot 142. As the connecting shaft 17 rotates, the connecting block 161 can enter the spiral guide groove 141.

[0089] In one embodiment, it further includes: a drain pipe 163 for discharging coupling agent onto the tubular part 15. By discharging coupling agent onto the outer wall of the tubular part 15, the contact effect between the ultrasonic detection head 162 and the outer wall of the tubular part 15 can be improved, and the signal attenuation can be reduced.

[0090] The coupling agent can be water, gel, or mineral oil.

[0091] In one embodiment, it further includes: an air blowing pipe 166, disposed on the first upright plate 2, for blowing air into the tubular part 15 for cleaning. By blowing air into the tubular part 15, dust on the inner wall of the tubular part 15 can be blown off, thereby reducing interference to the signal during the ultrasonic flaw detection process.

[0092] At the same time, when the connecting shaft 17 rotates, it drives the air blowing pipe 166 to rotate. The air blowing pipe 166 is bifurcated at one end, forming two air blowing ports. When the connecting shaft 17 rotates, it can increase the range of air blowing and cleaning of the tubular parts 15, thereby improving the cleaning effect.

[0093] In one embodiment, a piston cylinder 18 is fixedly connected to the first vertical plate 2, and a piston rod 180 with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected in the piston cylinder 18. An eccentric wheel 1801 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 17. One end of the piston rod 180 is slidably connected in the limiting groove on the outer wall of the eccentric wheel 1801. The piston plate on the piston rod 180 divides the piston cylinder 18 into a liquid chamber 181 and a gas chamber 182. A suction pipe 1813 and a connecting pipe 1811 are respectively installed on the liquid chamber 181. The connecting pipe 1811 is connected to the drain pipe 163. A first one-way valve is provided in both the suction pipe 1813 and the connecting pipe 1811.

[0094] When the connecting shaft 17 rotates, the eccentric wheel 1801 reciprocates to push the piston rod 180, causing the suction pipe 1813 on the piston rod 180 to repeatedly draw the coupling agent in the storage cylinder 1814 into the liquid chamber 181, and discharge it into the drain pipe 163 through the connecting pipe 1811. The coupling agent is discharged from one end of the drain pipe 163 onto the outer wall of the tubular part 15. During the rotation of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16, the drain pipe 163 spirals around the outer wall of the tubular part 15 to discharge the coupling agent.

[0095] The drain pipe 163 passes through the multi-stage telescopic rod 16, which is a series of tubular structures that slide together and are capped at the ends to prevent them from falling off. The part of the drain pipe 163 located in the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 is made of soft material and can be bent in the multi-stage telescopic rod 16, thus facilitating the change in length according to the length of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16.

[0096] The piston cylinder 18 can also be symmetrically arranged so that one end of the drain pipe 163 can continuously discharge the coupling agent, thereby increasing the coverage area on the tubular part 15.

[0097] The piston cylinder 18 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 1821 and an intake pipe 1822. Both the exhaust pipe 1821 and the intake pipe 1822 are equipped with a second one-way valve. The exhaust pipe 1821 is connected to the blowing pipe 166. The exhaust pipe 1821 and the intake pipe 1822 are connected to the gas chamber 182 and are used to supply air to the blowing pipe 166.

[0098] A first cavity 164 is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft 17. A first connecting ring 1812 is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft 17. The first connecting ring 1812 is connected to the first cavity 164. The end of the connecting pipe 1811 away from the piston cylinder 18 is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring 1812. One end of the drain pipe 163 is connected to the first cavity 164. In order to ensure that the coupling agent can be supplied to the drain pipe 163 normally when the connecting shaft 17 rotates;

[0099] A second cavity groove 165 is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft 17. A second connecting ring 1823 is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft 17. The second connecting ring 1823 is connected to the second cavity groove 165. The end of the exhaust pipe 1821 away from the piston cylinder 18 is fixedly connected to the second connecting ring 1823. One end of the blowing pipe 166 is connected to the second cavity groove 165.

[0100] In order to ensure that air can be supplied to the air pipe 166 normally when the connecting shaft 17 rotates.

[0101] Reference Figure 1 A method for inspecting aerospace components based on ultrasonic interferometry mainly includes the following steps:

[0102] S1. The tubular part 15 is clamped by the clamping mechanism, and the connecting block 161 on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 is connected to the spiral guide mechanism.

[0103] S2. By driving the connecting shaft 17 to rotate, the connecting block 161 on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod 16 is guided by the spiral guide mechanism, so that the ultrasonic detection head 162 spirals around and advances on the outer wall of the tubular part 15, thereby performing a circumferential ultrasonic flaw detection on the outer wall of the tubular part 15.

[0104] S3. During the detection process, coupling agent is discharged onto the outer wall of the tubular part 15 through the drain pipe 163 in the forward direction of the ultrasonic detection head 162.

[0105] S4, and clean the inner wall of the tubular part 15 by blowing air through the air pipe 166;

[0106] S5. When the ultrasonic testing head 162 moves from one end of the tubular part 15 to the other end, the ultrasonic flaw detection is completed.

[0107] This invention enables the ultrasonic testing head 162 to spirally encircle the tubular part 15 in conjunction with a spiral guide mechanism, thereby performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the tubular part 15 from its outer wall. This eliminates the need for manual handling of the ultrasonic testing head 162, significantly reducing workload and preventing missed detections. This allows for more accurate ultrasonic flaw detection of the tubular part 15, improving detection precision.

[0108] In a further embodiment, a specific implementation method for a general-purpose ultrasonic signal processing module is given.

[0109] Because tubular components have circular or elliptical cross-sections, using phased array ultrasonic probes may result in poor coupling between the probe and the pipe wall or beam deflection, affecting the detection results. Additionally, some tubular components have thin walls, which may cause multiple reflections or interference during ultrasonic testing, leading to complex and difficult-to-analyze signals.

[0110] Therefore, the following data processing procedure is given:

[0111] Step S1: Acquire ultrasonic signals and perform data preprocessing, including removing high-frequency and low-frequency signals.

[0112] Step S11: Filter, denoise, compress, and reconstruct the original ultrasonic signal to remove high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference; perform compressed sensing operation on the ultrasonic signal, using sparse representation and dictionary learning to reduce the signal sampling rate and storage space; use the ISTA algorithm to perform reconstruction operation to restore the original information of the signal; or use sparse representation theory and the learned dictionary matrix, and use the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to solve for the sparse representation vector of the signal, and use the sparse representation vector and dictionary matrix to restore the original value of the signal.

[0113] Step S12: Demodulate the filtered and reconstructed signal to convert it into a complex sequence containing time, amplitude, and phase.

[0114] Step S13: Normalize the demodulated ultrasonic signal to make it vary within a certain range, which facilitates the input and output of the neural network model.

[0115] Step S2: Construct and train an ultrasonic signal processing model.

[0116] Step S21: Construct a backpropagation neural network model, including an input layer, hidden layers, and an output layer.

[0117] Step S22: Select appropriate hyperparameters, including loss function, optimizer and learning rate, and train the model.

[0118] Step S23: Use the validation set and test set to evaluate the model performance, and adjust the model parameters or structure until satisfactory results are achieved.

[0119] Step S3: Target detection.

[0120] Step S31: Perform the same preprocessing operation as in step S1 on the ultrasonic signal to be detected.

[0121] Step S32: Input the preprocessed signal into the trained backpropagation neural network model to obtain the output value of each signal point.

[0122] Step S33: Based on the output value, determine whether each signal point is the target echo. If so, mark it and determine the position, size and intensity of the target echo based on the time and amplitude information.

[0123] In a further embodiment, the backpropagation neural network model in step S2 can also be a CNN-LSTM model. When using the CNN-LSTM model, the signal processed in step S11 is first converted to two dimensions and then normalized. Then, synthetic images with different defect types and sizes are generated and mixed with the original images to form a larger and more balanced dataset. Finally, this dataset is used to train the CNN-LSTM model, and the trained model is used to identify defect location information.

[0124] That is, the ultrasonic signal processing model can be a backpropagation neural network model or a CNN-LSTM model.

[0125] In this embodiment, the two-dimensional processing is specifically as follows: the data is transformed by using coordinate transformation and interpolation algorithms to convert the signal from polar coordinates to Cartesian coordinates and from a one-dimensional sequence to a two-dimensional image.

[0126] In this embodiment, the process of obtaining images of different defect types is as follows:

[0127] Converting images to grayscale reduces image complexity and computational load, making edge detection easier.

[0128] Select an edge detection operator, and then convolve or filter it with the grayscale image to obtain a new image. In the new image, the value of each pixel represents the edge strength or response value at that location, that is, the degree of change in the pixel value at that location.

[0129] A larger response value indicates the presence of a distinct edge at that location, while a smaller or zero response value indicates the absence or near absence of an edge at that location. In this process, edge detection is performed on the grayscale image based on the selected edge detection operator and the grayscale image, resulting in a response value image.

[0130] Choose a binarization threshold based on the distribution and characteristics of the response value image, as well as the requirements for the edge detection results, to determine a suitable binarization threshold.

[0131] The response value of each pixel is compared with a binarization threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold, the pixel value is set to 1, indicating that an edge exists at that location; if it is less than the threshold, the pixel value is set to 0, indicating that no edge exists at that location. In this process, the response value image is binarized according to the determined binarization threshold to obtain a binarized edge image.

[0132] In this embodiment, a demodulation algorithm is used to preprocess the ultrasonic signal, and a backpropagation neural network model is designed to fit the relationship between the signal waveform data and time and amplitude.

[0133] In a further embodiment, a wavelet transform module can be used to pre-extract features.

[0134] After step S11, the ultrasonic signal is segmented to obtain signal segments of different defect types. Then, wavelet transform is performed on each signal segment to obtain its wavelet coefficients at different scales and frequencies, and representative wavelet coefficients are selected as the time-frequency features of the signal. Simultaneously, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is performed on each signal segment to obtain its different modal components, and representative modal components are selected as the nonlinear features of the signal. The time-frequency and nonlinear features of the signal are then fused to form a comprehensive feature vector.

[0135] The feature vectors are then fed into an SVM classifier or neural network module for classification until training is complete.

[0136] When in use, the signal segment to be detected is input into the trained classifier or neural network module to obtain the classification result of each signal segment, and the defect type is determined based on the classification result.

[0137] By classifying signals, the complexity and diversity of signals can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of classification.

[0138] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry, comprising a mounting plate (1), characterized in that, Also includes: A spiral guide mechanism is provided on the mounting plate (1); A clamping mechanism is provided on the mounting plate (1) for clamping the tubular part (15); The first upright plate (2) is mounted on the mounting plate (1), and a connecting shaft (17) is rotatably connected to the first upright plate (2). A multi-stage telescopic rod (16) is connected at one end to the connecting shaft (17). An ultrasonic detection head (162) and a connecting block (161) are respectively installed at the front end of the multi-stage telescopic rod (16). The ultrasonic detection head (162) corresponds to the outer wall of the tubular part (15). The connecting block (161) is connected to the spiral guide mechanism to make the ultrasonic detection head (162) spiral around the tubular part (15) when the connecting shaft (17) rotates. The ultrasonic signal processing module is used to receive and process the signals collected by the ultrasonic detection head. The spiral guide mechanism includes a spiral winding rod (3) connected to the mounting plate (1), and a connecting hole is provided on the connecting block (161). The connecting block (161) is slidably connected to the spiral winding rod (3) through the connecting hole. The spiral guide mechanism also includes a sleeve (14) connected to the mounting plate (1). A spiral guide groove (141) is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve (14). An inlet groove (142) is provided at one end of the sleeve (14). The inlet groove (142) is connected to the spiral guide groove (141). The connecting block (161) is slidably connected in the spiral guide groove (141). The mounting plate (1) is provided with a second upright plate (11), and the mounting plate (1) is provided with a sliding groove (121). One end of the second upright plate (11) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (121). A screw (12) is rotatably connected to the mounting plate (1). The second upright plate (11) is threadedly connected to the screw (12). The spiral guide mechanism is provided on the second upright plate (11) to change the distance between the spiral guide mechanism and the first upright plate (2). The clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional threaded rod (137), a connecting column (13) is fixedly connected to the second upright plate (11), the middle section of the bidirectional threaded rod (137) is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting column (13), threaded sleeves (138) are threadedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (137), and limit frames (135) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the connecting column (13). The threaded sleeves (138) are slidably connected to the limit frames (135) to drive the threaded sleeves (138) at both ends to move away from each other when the bidirectional threaded rod (137) rotates, or to release the tubular part (15) when it moves closer to each other.

2. The aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rack (134) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (1), and a connecting rod (132) is rotatably connected to the connecting column (13). A gear (133) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod (132). The gear (133) meshes with the rack (134). A slot (131) is provided in the connecting column (13). The connecting rod (132) is connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (137) through a timing belt (136). The timing belt (136) is located in the slot (131).

3. The aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A drain pipe (163) is used to discharge coupling agent onto the tubular part (15); An air blowing pipe (166) is provided on the first upright plate (2) for blowing air into the tubular part (15) for cleaning.

4. The aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry according to claim 3, characterized in that, A piston cylinder (18) is fixedly connected to the first upright plate (2). A piston rod (180) with a piston plate at one end is slidably connected in the piston cylinder (18). An eccentric wheel (1801) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (17). One end of the piston rod (180) is slidably connected in a limiting groove on the outer wall of the eccentric wheel (1801). The piston plate on the piston rod (180) divides the piston cylinder (18) into a liquid chamber (181) and a gas chamber (182). The liquid chamber (181) has... A suction pipe (1813) and a connecting pipe (1811) are respectively installed. The connecting pipe (1811) is connected to the drain pipe (163). A first one-way valve is provided in both the suction pipe (1813) and the connecting pipe (1811). An exhaust pipe (1821) and an air intake pipe (1822) are respectively installed on the piston cylinder (18). A second one-way valve is provided in both the exhaust pipe (1821) and the air intake pipe (1822). The exhaust pipe (1821) is connected to the blowing pipe (166).

5. The aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first cavity (164) is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft (17). A first connecting ring (1812) is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft (17). The first connecting ring (1812) is connected to the first cavity (164). The end of the connecting pipe (1811) away from the piston cylinder (18) is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring (1812). One end of the drain pipe (163) leads to the first cavity (164).

6. The aerospace component inspection device based on ultrasonic interferometry according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second cavity groove (165) is provided at the eccentric part of the connecting shaft (17). A second connecting ring (1823) is rotatably connected to the connecting shaft (17). The second connecting ring (1823) is connected to the second cavity groove (165). The end of the exhaust pipe (1821) away from the piston cylinder (18) is fixedly connected to the second connecting ring (1823). One end of the blowing pipe (166) is connected to the second cavity groove (165).

7. A method for inspecting aerospace components based on ultrasonic interferometry, comprising the aerospace component inspection equipment based on ultrasonic interferometry as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The main steps include: S1. Clamp the tubular part (15) through the clamping mechanism and connect the connecting block (161) on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod (16) to the spiral guide mechanism. S2. By driving the connecting shaft (17) to rotate, the connecting block (161) on one end of the multi-stage telescopic rod (16) is guided by the spiral guide mechanism, so that the ultrasonic testing head (162) spirals around and advances on the outer wall of the tubular part (15), thereby performing a circumferential ultrasonic flaw detection on the outer wall of the tubular part (15). S3, and during the detection process, in the forward direction of the ultrasonic detection head (162), the coupling agent is discharged to the outer wall of the tubular part (15) through the drain pipe (163); S4, and clean the inner wall of the tubular part (15) by blowing air through the air pipe (166); S5. When the ultrasonic testing head (162) moves from one end of the tubular part (15) to the other end, the ultrasonic flaw detection is completed.

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