A method for in-situ no-tillage inoculation of earthworm biological fertilization in hilly red soil tea garden

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hilly red soil tea garden in situ no-tillage inoculation earthworm biological fertilization method, belongs to tea garden fertilization technical field.The application discloses a kind of hilly red soil tea garden in situ no-tillage inoculation earthworm biological fertilization method, in September, in hilly red soil tea garden tea tree row, according to two band application, the mixture of the pulverized tea tree waste branch and dry cow dung is applied, then the earthworm is evenly scattered on the mixture.Earthworms are applied in the method, the tea garden does not need to apply fertilizer additionally, and no-tillage is achieved;The tea garden is pollution-free, can apply for organic certification, and the quality of tea is improved;The tea garden can be achieved "reducing fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) and reducing pesticide (pesticide)", reduce chemical input, realize low carbon environmental protection, and economic saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tea garden fertilization technology, and more specifically to a method for in-situ no-till inoculation of earthworms for biological fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens. Background Technology

[0002] Earthworms are among the most important large soil animals in terrestrial ecosystems, often referred to as "ecosystem engineers." Globally, over 4,000 species of terrestrial earthworms have been recorded (306 species in China). Through feeding and metabolic activities, earthworms transform litter and soil particles into vermicompost, a casting process with excellent aeration, drainage, and water retention. After ingestion, organic matter is digested by earthworms into acid-neutral, water-air balanced, and highly porous aggregates. These aggregates not only contain essential macronutrients for plants but are also rich in microorganisms and organic matter, significantly improving the soil's physical and chemical properties, increasing soil nutrients, organic matter, and enzyme activity. They also possess water- and fertilizer-retaining properties, making them ideal for crop growth and development. Earthworm castings can also inhibit the growth of pathogens and control diseases.

[0003] Earthworms constantly burrow and excrete waste, transforming barren, compacted soil into loose, porous, well-aerated, and fertile soil that promotes crop root growth, achieving the effect of no-till or minimal tillage. This improves soil fertility while reducing labor intensity. The large pores (burrows), medium, and micropores (excrement) created by earthworm activity effectively increase soil porosity and aeration, helping to improve the microenvironment of microorganisms and promoting their growth and reproduction. Simultaneously, earthworms transform complex organic matter into a form usable by microorganisms through feeding, crushing, and mixing, providing nutrients and energy for soil microorganisms, promoting their reproduction, and increasing their numbers. This also increases the contact area between soil microorganisms and organic matter, promoting the mineralization of organic matter by microorganisms and influencing key processes such as the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soil, maintaining the cycling of these elements. Therefore, earthworms not only help improve the physical structure and chemical properties of soil in the soil ecosystem, but also regulate soil microorganisms, thereby effectively activating the entire soil ecosystem, improving soil biological fertility, and promoting soil nutrient cycling.

[0004] Existing tea gardens, especially high-yield tea gardens, use large amounts of chemical fertilizers, which easily leads to soil compaction. Tea garden management requires mechanical farming to solve the problem of soil compaction. Mechanical farming in hilly red soil tea gardens can easily cause soil erosion. Insufficient use of chemical fertilizers (organic fertilizers) affects the quality and yield of tea. The ecological environment and native environment of tea gardens are severely damaged.

[0005] Therefore, providing a method for in-situ no-till inoculation of earthworms for biofertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above, the present invention provides an in-situ no-till inoculation method for earthworm bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens, ensuring that the tea garden does not need to be fertilized with other fertilizers, achieving no-tillage; resulting in good tea quality, high yield, and good tea tree growth.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for in-situ no-till inoculation of earthworms for bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0009] (1) Collect the pruned tea tree waste branches, dry them, crush them, and pass them through a 30-50 mesh sieve to obtain crushed tea tree waste branches;

[0010] (2) Mix the crushed tea tree waste branches with dried cow dung in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture;

[0011] (3) Apply 1.5-2.5 kg / m² to hilly red soil tea gardens (Jiangxi tea gardens) in September. 2 The mixture is applied as follows: the mixture is applied in two strips between the rows of tea trees, the strips being 20-30cm away from the junction of the above-ground and underground parts of the tea trees; the strips are 20-30cm wide (i.e., the width of the fertilizer bed for inoculating earthworms is 20-30cm).

[0012] (4) After thoroughly watering, cover with black mulch. After 7-10 days, remove the black mulch and evenly scatter the Eisenia fetidae earthworms on the mixture. After placing the Eisenia fetidae earthworms, cover the tea rows with the black mulch again to prevent weeds. The Eisenia fetidae earthworms are newly hatched earthworms, and the dosage is 0.25-0.50 kg / m². 2 ;

[0013] (5) Repeat the above method in September of the following year.

[0014] Furthermore, the black covering is a black fabric.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an in-situ no-till inoculation earthworm bio-fertilization method for hilly red soil tea gardens. With the application of this method, the tea garden does not need to apply additional fertilizers and is no-till; the tea garden is pollution-free and can apply for organic certification, and the quality of tea is improved; the tea garden can achieve "reduced fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) and reduced pesticide (pesticide)", reducing chemical input, achieving low carbon and environmental protection, and saving money. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 The attached diagram shows the distribution of the strips (fertilized beds inoculated with earthworms) of this invention between rows of tea trees;

[0018] Among them, 1. Tea row; 2. Strip; 3. Distance between the strip and the junction of the tea tree above and below ground; 4. Strip width; 5. Working passage. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: A method for in-situ no-till inoculation of earthworms for bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens

[0021] This study investigated a 200-mu (approximately 33 hectares) "Baiye No. 1" tea garden (5 years old) in Fengjia Village, Tutang Town, Duchang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. The method described in this invention was used for bio-fertilization of the tea garden. Pruned branches were collected from the tea garden, dried, crushed, and sieved through a 30-50 mesh screen. These branches were then mixed with dry cow dung (5%-10% moisture content) at a 1:1 ratio to obtain a mixture. From 2019 to 2022, 1.8 kg / m² of this mixture was applied annually at the end of September for three consecutive years. 2 Mixture. Place the mixture of dried cow dung and pulverized tea tree branches between the tea tree rows (row spacing approximately 1.5m), arranged in two strips, each strip 20-30cm wide, approximately 20-30cm away from the ground-to-soil junction of the tea trees, leaving a working passage in between (see...). Figure 1 Water evenly to thoroughly moisten the mixture, cover with black ground cover, and remove the black ground cover after 7-10 days. Inoculate with 0.30 kg / m² of water. 2 The tea plantation was planted with Eisenia fetida and then covered with a black ground cover. No other types of fertilizer were used in this tea garden from 2019 to 2022, resulting in healthy tea trees and high-quality tea leaves.

[0022] The "Baiye No. 1" tea garden (5-year-old trees) is conventionally managed by applying 600 kg / mu of base fertilizer and 25-50 kg / mu of topdressing in spring. After using the above-mentioned biological fertilization method, the cost of topdressing fertilizer and labor in spring can be reduced by 300 yuan / mu. The cost of manual weeding has been reduced from 600 yuan / (mu.year) (weeding twice a year, 2 workers / mu each time) to 100 yuan / (mu.year) (repeated observation of earthworm growth: 2 workers / mu). In total, the labor costs for weeding, pest control and other aspects of conventional tea garden management have been reduced by 160,000 yuan. After using the method of this invention to manage the tea garden, the number of pests occurring in the tea garden, especially the cumulative number of occurrences of tea geometrid moth, tea orange gall mite, and small green leafhopper, was reduced from 6 to 0. After using this method, the 200-mu "Baiye No. 1" (5-year-old) tea garden in Fengjia Village, Tutang Town, Duchang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, did not use chemical pesticides or fertilizers from 2020 to 2022, thus achieving ecological management of the tea garden.

[0023] After managing a 200-mu "Baiye No. 1" tea garden in Fengjia Village, Tutang Town, Duchang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province using the above-mentioned in-situ no-till inoculation method for earthworm bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens, the soil pH value increased from 3.93 to 4.23 and the organic matter content increased from 9.83 g / kg to 13.54 g / kg in the spring of 2023. Compared with the fresh leaves of tea trees under conventional management (control), the water extract content of tea leaves treated with this method increased by 4.0-8.6%, and the amino acid content was 4.98% in the experimental tea garden (4.34% in the control). In particular, the theanine content increased by 0.12%-0.25%. Significant differences were observed in the component content ratios. The polyphenol-amino acid ratio (polyphenol content / amino acid content) of tea trees decreased from 9.84 to 8.12 in spring, resulting in a better fresh and crisp taste in the tea leaves. The weight of 100 tea buds increased from 10.38g to 15.49g. The tenderness retention of new tea shoots was significantly enhanced. The one-bud-two-leaf stage lasted for 4 days in spring 2019, 6 days in spring 2020, 6 days in spring 2021, 8 days in spring 2022, and 11 days in spring 2023. This method extended the production period of premium spring teas and significantly increased the yield of premium spring teas.

[0024] Example 2: A Method for In-situ No-Till Inoculation of Earthworms for Fertilization in Hilly Red Soil Tea Gardens

[0025] This study investigated a 3,000-mu (approximately 200 hectares) tea garden, 'Fuding Dabai' (35-year-old tea trees), belonging to the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Economic Crops, Huangma Township, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province. The method described in this invention was used for bio-fertilization of the tea garden. Waste pruned branches were collected from the tea garden, dried, crushed, and sieved through a 30-50 mesh screen. These branches were then mixed with dry cow manure (5%-10% moisture content) at a 1:1 ratio to obtain a mixture. From 2019 to 2022, 2.0 kg / m² of this mixture was applied annually at the end of September for three consecutive years. 2 Mixture. Place the mixture of dried cow dung and crushed tea tree branches between the tea tree rows (row spacing approximately 1.5m), arranged in two strips, each strip 20-30cm wide and approximately 20-30cm away from the ground-to-soil junction of the tea trees, leaving a working passage in the middle. Water evenly to thoroughly moisten the mixture, cover with black ground cover, and remove the black ground cover after 7-10 days. Inoculate with 0.25kg / m² of the mixture. 2 The tea plantation was planted with Eisenia fetida and then covered with a black ground cover. No other types of fertilizer were used in this tea garden from 2019 to 2022, resulting in healthy tea trees and high-quality tea leaves.

[0026] The "Fuding Dabai" tea tree (35 years old) is typically managed with 400 kg / mu of base fertilizer annually, 25-30 kg / mu of topdressing in spring, and 20-30 kg / mu of topdressing after pruning in summer and autumn. Using the above-mentioned biological fertilization method can save 460 yuan / mu in spring topdressing fertilizer and labor costs. The cost of manual weeding has been reduced from 1200 yuan / (mu.year) (twice a year, 2 workers / mu each time) to 100 yuan / (mu.year) (repeated observation of earthworm growth: 2 workers / mu). In total, nearly 4.68 million yuan has been saved in labor costs for conventional tea garden management, such as weeding and pest control. After using the method of this invention to manage tea gardens, the number of pest occurrences, especially the cumulative number of occurrences of tea geometrid moth, tea orange gall mite, and small green leafhopper, was reduced from 7 to 0. After using this method, the tea garden of the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Economic Crops in Huangma Township, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, did not use chemical pesticides or fertilizers in 2022, thus achieving ecological management of the tea garden.

[0027] After adopting the above-mentioned in-situ no-till inoculation of earthworms for bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens, the soil pH value of the tea garden increased from 3.78 to 4.65 and the organic matter content increased from 9.11 g / kg to 16.65 g / kg in the spring of 2023. Compared with the tea leaves of conventionally managed (control) tea trees, the water extract content of tea leaves treated with this method increased by 3.8%-9.4%, and the amino acid content was 3.23% in the experimental tea garden compared with 2.87% in the control tea trees. In particular, the theanine content increased by 0.08%-0.34%, and the proportion of amino acid components was significantly different. The spring phenol-amino acid ratio (tea polyphenol content) of the tea trees was also improved. The amino acid content decreased from 12.98% to 11.19%, resulting in a fresher and more flavorful tea leaf. The weight of 100 tea buds increased from 14.65g to 22.23g. The tenderness retention of new tea shoots was significantly enhanced. The one-bud-two-leaf stage lasted for 3 days in the spring of 2019, 5 days in the spring of 2020, 6 days in the spring of 2021, 7 days in the spring of 2022, and 7 days in the spring of 2023. Despite severe drought conditions in Jiangxi Province in 2019 and 2022, no tea trees died in this tea garden. This method increased the soil moisture content of the tea garden by 1.32%-6.98%, effectively providing water for tea production.

[0028] Example 3: A Method for In-situ No-Till Inoculation of Earthworms for Fertilization in Hilly Red Soil Tea Gardens

[0029] This study investigated a 180-mu (approximately 12-year-old) "Golden Guanyin" tea garden in Wuyishan Town, Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province, using the method described in this invention for bio-fertilization. Waste pruned branches from the tea garden were collected, dried, crushed, and sieved through a 30-50 mesh screen. These branches were then mixed with dry cow dung (5%-10% moisture content) at a 1:1 ratio. From 2019 to 2022, 2.5 kg / m² of this mixture was applied annually at the end of September for three consecutive years. 2 The mixture of dried cow dung and crushed tea tree branches is placed between the rows of tea trees (row spacing approximately 1.5m), arranged in two strips, each strip 20-30cm wide and about 20-30cm away from the ground-to-soil junction of the tea trees, leaving a working passage in the middle. Water evenly to thoroughly moisten the mixture, then cover with black ground cover. After 7-10 days, remove the black ground cover and inoculate with 0.4kg / m² of the mixture. 2 The tea plantation was planted with Eisenia fetida and then covered with a black ground cover. No other types of fertilizer were used in this tea garden from 2019 to 2022, resulting in healthy tea trees and high-quality tea leaves.

[0030] The "Golden Guanyin" tea garden (12-year-old trees) was conventionally managed by applying 300 kg / mu of base fertilizer annually. After using the aforementioned biological fertilization method, no autumn or winter base fertilizer application is needed. The cost of manual weeding decreased from 2000 yuan / (mu / year) (twice a year, 2 workers / mu each time) to 400 yuan / (mu / year). This resulted in a total saving of nearly 288,000 yuan in labor costs for weeding and pest control in conventional tea garden management. After using this invention to manage the tea garden, no major pests or diseases occurred, and no chemical fertilizers were used, achieving ecological management of the tea garden.

[0031] After managing 180 mu of "Jin Guanyin" tea plants in Wuyishan Town, Qianshan County, Jiangxi Province using the above-mentioned in-situ no-till inoculation with earthworms for bio-fertilization in hilly red soil tea gardens, the soil pH value increased from 4.02 to 4.55 and the organic matter content increased from 7.89 g / kg to 12.65 g / kg in the spring of 2023. Compared with the tea leaves of conventionally managed (control) tea plants, the water extract content of tea leaves treated with this method increased by 1.4-9.65%, and the amino acid content was 3.99% in the experimental tea garden compared to 3.23% in the control. In particular, the theanine content increased by 0.32%-0.45%, and the amino acid composition content... Significant differences were observed in the proportions. The polyphenol-amino acid ratio (polyphenol content / amino acid content) of tea trees decreased from 10.43 to 7.87 in spring, resulting in a better fresh and crisp taste in the tea leaves. The weight of 100 tea buds increased from 9.16g to 13.98g. The tenderness retention of new tea shoots was significantly enhanced. The one-bud-two-leaf stage lasted for 6 days in spring 2019, 9 days in spring 2020, 9 days in spring 2021, 12 days in spring 2022, and 12 days in spring 2023. This method extended the production period of premium spring teas and significantly increased the yield of premium spring teas.

[0032] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for in-situ no-tillage inoculation of earthworm bio-fertilization in a hilly red soil tea garden, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: (1) collecting pruned tea tree waste branches, drying, crushing, and passing through a 30-50 mesh sieve to obtain crushed tea tree waste branches; (2) mixing the crushed tea tree waste branches with dry cow dung at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture; (3) 1.5-2.5 kg / m 2 mixture; the mixture is applied as follows: in the tea tree row, the mixture is applied in two strips, which are 20-30 cm away from the aboveground and underground joint of the tea tree; the strip width is 20-30 cm; (4) after pouring water, covering black cover, after 7-10 days, uncovering the black cover, evenly spreading the Eisenia foetida on the mixture, and covering the black cover after placing the Eisenia foetida; the Eisenia foetida is newly hatched earthworm, and the amount is 0.25-0.50 kg / m 2 ; (5) repeating the above method in September of the second year; The black cover is a black ground cloth.

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