Stereo stock rack and rail loading and unloading control method

Abstract

The application provides a three-dimensional rack and a steel rail feeding and discharging control method, and relates to the field of material storage.The three-dimensional rack comprises a stand, a cantilever assembly, a traction part and a non-powered hanging part, the cantilever assembly is provided with more than two groups in the height direction of the stand, each group of the cantilever assembly is connected with at least one non-powered hanging part, a pulley assembly is arranged on the stand, the traction part is wound on the pulley assembly, and the two ends of the traction part are connected with the corresponding cantilever assembly and non-powered hanging part respectively, the non-powered hanging part can pull the corresponding cantilever assembly without supporting the workpiece to rise, and the cantilever assembly supporting the workpiece can descend to the position in contact with the lower workpiece under the action of gravity.The three-dimensional rack adopts the cooperation structure of the non-powered hanging part and the cantilever assembly, does not need to use a driving device with large load, can adaptively adjust the spacing between the two layers of cantilever assemblies, and can adapt to the storage of the superheavy and superlong steel rail with different rail heights, uneven rail bottoms and long rail deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material storage technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional material rack and a method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails. Background Technology

[0002] Because turnout rails are quite long, such as 100-meter-long rails, existing three-dimensional racks are unable to store such extra-long rails.

[0003] In existing technology, rails are transported by railway flatcars and manually stacked in rows on the ground in the open air or indoors. When stacking, after one row of rails is placed, multiple pads need to be laid on top before another row of rails can be placed on top. The pads are long and heavy, resulting in low stacking efficiency and safety hazards for manual operation. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the rail stacking, the number of rails needs to be reduced layer by layer, and a trapezoidal stacking method should be used.

[0004] The applicant has discovered that the prior art has at least the following technical problems: the existing material racks are difficult to store long rail sections, and when the rail sections are loaded using manual stacking, the rail sections are not placed neatly, resulting in low stacking efficiency; when the rail sections are unloaded, the pad blocks are removed manually, which poses a risk of the rail pad blocks falling, resulting in low unloading efficiency and significant safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional material rack and a method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art where the material rack is difficult to store long steel rails, and the steel rails are stacked on the ground, resulting in low work efficiency during the loading and unloading of steel rails. 。 The preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by this invention can produce a variety of technical effects, which are described in detail below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The three-dimensional material rack provided by this invention includes a column, a cantilever assembly, a traction unit, and a non-powered lifting unit, wherein:

[0008] The cantilever assembly is provided in two or more sets along the height direction of the column, and each set of the cantilever assembly is connected to at least one of the non-powered lifting parts;

[0009] The column is equipped with a pulley assembly, the traction part is wound around the pulley assembly, and the two ends of the traction part are respectively connected to the corresponding cantilever assembly and the non-powered lifting part. The non-powered lifting part can pull the cantilever assembly that is not supporting the workpiece to rise, and the cantilever assembly that supports the workpiece can descend to the position of contacting the lower workpiece under the action of gravity.

[0010] Preferably, at least one side of the column is an assembly side that is slidably connected to the cantilever assembly. The cantilever assembly is provided with a traction hole. The non-powered hoisting part, the pulley assembly, and the traction hole are all arranged along the width direction of the assembly side and are set in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0011] Preferably, the non-powered hoisting part has a block or sheet structure, the column is provided with a cavity, the non-powered hoisting parts are all located in the cavity, and the non-powered hoisting part is provided with a lifting ring for connecting with the traction part.

[0012] Preferably, the cantilever assembly includes a sliding frame and a cantilever. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the column. One end of the cantilever is rotatably connected to the sliding frame, and the other end is suspended. The cantilever is rotatably configured in the horizontal direction, thereby moving between the zero position and the storage position.

[0013] Preferably, the cantilever assembly further includes a drive device, the fixed end of which is rotatably connected to the sliding frame, and the telescopic end of which is rotatably connected to the end of the cantilever via a shaft;

[0014] The sliding frame is provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove, the shaft extends into the arc-shaped limiting groove, and under the drive of the driving device, the cantilever moves along the arc-shaped limiting groove.

[0015] Preferably, a first limit switch and a second limit switch are respectively provided at both ends of the arc-shaped limiting groove. The first limit switch is used to detect whether the cantilever is at the zero position, and the second limit switch is used to detect whether the cantilever is at the storage position.

[0016] The three-dimensional material rack also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the first limit switch, the second limit switch, and the drive device, and is used to control the drive device to start or stop working when the cantilever is at the zero position or the storage position.

[0017] Preferably, the cantilever assembly is provided with a third limit switch, which is used to detect whether the cantilever assembly has risen to the correct position.

[0018] Preferably, the column is provided with a cable groove and a cable chain, and the cable chain connects the cable groove and the corresponding cantilever assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the cantilever assembly is detachably connected to the column;

[0020] The non-powered hoisting unit includes a main body and a replacement part. The main body is provided with a receiving groove, and the replacement part is provided with a locking block. The locking block can extend into the receiving groove and slide to a position where it engages with the receiving groove, thereby connecting the replacement parts of different weights to the main body.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails, using two or more of the above-mentioned three-dimensional material racks, the method comprising:

[0022] When loading the workpiece:

[0023] Determine if the workpiece is being loaded for the first time. If so, control the lifting system to lower the workpiece into the loading station to the bottom layer.

[0024] If not, control the cantilever assembly located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer to move to the storage position, and control the lifting system to lower the workpiece entering the loading station onto the cantilever assembly, so that the cantilever assemblies located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer jointly support the rail, and the cantilever assembly supporting the workpiece descends to the position of contacting the workpiece below under the action of gravity.

[0025] When cutting the workpiece:

[0026] Control the lifting system to lift the topmost workpiece;

[0027] Detect whether the cantilever assembly has moved to the top layer or is in contact with the upper cantilever assembly;

[0028] If so, control the cantilever assembly of that layer to rotate to the zero position.

[0029] The three-dimensional material rack and rail loading and unloading control method provided by the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: workpieces such as rails can be hoisted onto cantilever assemblies by a lifting system, and two or more three-dimensional material racks on the same layer cantilever assemblies jointly support the workpieces. Compared with enclosed material racks, the use of cantilever assemblies to support the workpieces is more suitable for loading and unloading overweight and overlength materials.

[0030] The cantilever assembly carrying the workpiece can be lowered under gravity and come into contact with the workpiece below. At this time, the non-powered lifting section at the other end is lifted, which can adaptively adjust the distance between the two cantilever assemblies so that the distance is just enough to store the target workpiece. It can accommodate the continuous stacking of workpieces of different thicknesses. After the workpiece on the cantilever assembly is unloaded, the non-powered lifting section pulls the cantilever assembly up, making it easier for the workpiece on the lower cantilever assembly to wait for unloading. This three-dimensional material rack adopts a cooperative structure of non-powered lifting section and cantilever assembly, which can save costs and eliminate the need for a high-load drive device. Moreover, the structure adaptively adjusts the distance between the two cantilever assemblies, and two or more three-dimensional material racks can be expanded. When two or more three-dimensional material racks are used together, they can accommodate and meet the storage needs of workpieces of different models and thicknesses. For example, it can accommodate the storage of ultra-heavy and ultra-long rails with different rail heights, uneven rail bottoms, and large deformation of long rails, saving space. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional material rack;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a top view of the three-dimensional material rack;

[0034] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional material rack from another perspective;

[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the area at point B in the middle;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram showing the initial connection of the main body and replacement parts;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram showing the main body and replacement parts when they are inserted into place;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing a situation where one bottom cantilever is in the storage position and the other cantileveres are in the zero position.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram showing the support of steel rails by two or more three-dimensional material racks;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a side view of the rails laid out in two layers;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a front view of two layers of steel rails laid out.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of one of the unpowered hoisting parts being raised and cooperating with the other unpowered hoisting parts.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the rail loading process;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the steel rail cutting process.

[0046] In the diagram: 100. Rail; 1. Column; 11. Cavity; 2. Cantilever assembly; 21. Sliding frame; 211. Arc-shaped limiting groove; 212. Traction hole; 22. Cantilever; 23. Shaft; 24. Drive unit; 3. Non-powered hoisting part; 30. Traction part; 31. Main body; 311. Receiving groove; 32. Replacement part; 321. Locking block; 4. Pulley assembly; 41. First fixed pulley group; 42. Second fixed pulley group; 51. First limit switch; 52. Second limit switch; 53. Third limit switch; 6. Cable groove; 7. Cable chain; 8. Slide rail; 9. Slider; 10. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "width," "height," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and "side," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0049] This invention provides a three-dimensional material rack and a method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails, which can accommodate the storage of heavy and long steel rails with different rail heights, uneven rail bottoms, and large deformations, facilitating the loading and unloading of workpieces.

[0050] The following is combined with Figures 1-14 The technical solution provided by this invention will be described in more detail below.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] like Figures 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional material rack, including a column 1, a cantilever assembly 2, and a traction unit 30 (e.g., ...). Figure 11 The column 1 has two or more cantilever assemblies 2 arranged along its height, each cantilever assembly 2 being connected to at least one unpowered lifting part 3; a pulley assembly 4 is provided on the column 1, and the traction part 30 is wound around the pulley assembly 4, such as... Figure 11Furthermore, the two ends of the traction unit 30 are respectively connected to the corresponding cantilever assembly 2 and the unpowered lifting unit 3. The unpowered lifting unit 3 can pull the corresponding cantilever assembly 2 that is not supporting the workpiece upward, and the cantilever assembly 2 that supports the workpiece can descend to the position of contacting the lower workpiece under the action of gravity. The traction unit 30 can be a flexible component such as a wire rope.

[0053] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, two or more of these three-dimensional material racks can support the workpiece. Specifically, the cantilever assembly 2 located on different three-dimensional material racks is used to support a row of workpieces. In this embodiment, the workpiece is illustrated by taking the rail 100 as an example.

[0054] In this embodiment, the workpieces such as the steel rail 100 can be hoisted onto the cantilever assembly 2 by the lifting system. Two or more cantilever assemblies 2 on the same level of the three-dimensional material rack jointly support the workpieces. Compared with a closed material rack, the use of cantilever assembly 2 to support the workpieces is more suitable for loading and unloading overweight and overlength materials. The lifting system and the semi-open three-dimensional material rack work together to realize the automatic storage and retrieval of overweight and overlength workpieces (such as workpieces over 100 meters long).

[0055] The cantilever assembly 2, carrying the workpiece, can be lowered under gravity and come into contact with the workpiece below. At this time, the unpowered lifting part 3 at the other end is lifted. As the workpiece is placed on different layers of the cantilever assembly 2, a row of rails 100 can be stacked on different layers, storing the rails 100 layer by layer. The spacing between the two layers of cantilever assemblies 2 can be adaptively adjusted so that the spacing is just right for storing the target workpiece, saving space and suitable for storing rails of different heights.

[0056] When the workpiece on the cantilever assembly 2 is unloaded, and there is no workpiece on the cantilever assembly 2, and the weight of the cantilever assembly 2 is less than the weight of the non-powered lifting part 3, the non-powered lifting part 3 pulls the cantilever assembly 2 up, so that the workpiece on the lower layer of the cantilever assembly 2 can wait to be unloaded, thereby realizing the unloading of workpieces on different layers.

[0057] This three-dimensional material rack adopts a cooperative structure of non-powered lifting part 3 and cantilever assembly 2, which can save costs and eliminate the need for a high-load drive device 24. Moreover, the structure can adaptively adjust the spacing between the two layers of cantilever assembly 2 to accommodate and meet the storage needs of workpieces of different models and thicknesses. For example, it can accommodate the storage of extra-long steel rails with different rail heights, uneven rail bottoms, and large deformation of long rails, thus saving space.

[0058] As an alternative implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figures 1-3 As shown, at least one side of the column 1 is the assembly side that is slidably connected to the cantilever assembly 2. See [reference needed]. Figure 5The cantilever assembly 2 is provided with a traction hole 212. The non-powered hoisting part 3, the pulley assembly 4, and the traction hole 212 are all arranged along the width direction of the assembly side and are set one by one.

[0059] See Figure 3 The pulley assembly 4 includes a first fixed pulley group 41 and a second fixed pulley group 42. The first fixed pulley group 41 is located on the upper part of the assembly side of the column 1, and the second fixed pulley group 42 is located at the middle of the top of the column 1. The first fixed pulley group 41 and the second fixed pulley group 42 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0060] When connecting cantilever assemblies 2 and unpowered lifting sections 3 at different levels, the cantilever assemblies 2 at different levels are connected to the corresponding unpowered lifting sections 3 via traction holes 212 at different positions. In this way, the cantilever assemblies 2 arranged in the vertical direction can be connected to different unpowered lifting sections 3 via corresponding pulley assemblies 4 and traction sections 30.

[0061] After the steel rail 100 is placed on the lower cantilever assembly 2, the weight of the cantilever assembly 2 carrying the steel rail 100 is greater than the weight of its corresponding unpowered lifting part 3. The cantilever assembly 2 carrying the steel rail 100 falls under the action of gravity until it lands at the position where it contacts the lower steel rail 100. The lower steel rail 100 then restricts the cantilever assembly 2 from falling further.

[0062] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the distance between the cantilever assemblies 2 that carry the rail 100 is not fixed, and the distance between the two layers of cantilever assemblies 2 depends on the rail height of the rail 100 they carry.

[0063] If a structure is adopted where the cantilever assembly 2 is driven by the drive device 24 to lift and lower, on the one hand, in order to lift and lower the cantilever 22 carrying the heavy and long steel rail 100, a large-load drive device 24 is required, which is costly and structurally complex. On the other hand, the distance between the cantilever assemblies 2 carrying the steel rail 100 needs to be set to a certain value. Therefore, in order to store the rail, a margin needs to be left between the cantilever assemblies 2 of adjacent layers, which wastes space.

[0064] More importantly, see Figure 9 As shown, since the cantilever assemblies 2 on the same layer of two or more three-dimensional material racks jointly support the workpiece, if a structure is adopted in which the drive device 24 drives the cantilever assembly 2 to rise and fall, the cantilever assembly 2 on the same layer of different three-dimensional material racks will have the same rising and falling amplitude, then the following problems will exist:

[0065] The drive device 24 drives the cantilever assembly 2 on the same floor to lift and lower at the same angle. Because the bottom surfaces of the extra-long rails are uneven, the same rail 100 will also have a waist-slipping phenomenon in the length direction under the action of gravity. During the lowering of the rails, some parts of the rails 100 do not contact the cantilever assembly 2 and are suspended in the air. The cantilever assembly 2 provides poor support for the rails and the structure is unstable.

[0066] In this embodiment, the cooperative structure of the non-powered lifting part 3 and the cantilever assembly 2 allows the cantilever assembly 2, which carries the rail 100, to adaptively decrease under the action of gravity. The distance between the two layers of cantilever assemblies 2 depends on the rail height of the rail 100 they carry. When the bottom surfaces of multiple rails 100 in an ultra-long rail row are uneven, or when the same rail 100 experiences a "waist-dropping" phenomenon in the length direction under the action of gravity, the downward movement of the cantilever assemblies 2 on the same layer on different three-dimensional material racks is not synchronized. This ensures that the cantilever assembly 2 supports the different positions of the column rail 100 and improves the stability of the stacking structure.

[0067] See Figure 1 As shown, a vertically extending slide rail 8 is provided on the mounting side of the column 1, and a slider 9 is provided on the cantilever assembly 2. The slider 9 cooperates with the slide rail 8 to achieve a sliding connection between the cantilever assembly 2 and the column 1. The above structure can reduce the friction between the cantilever assembly 2 and the column 1, reduce the resistance of the cantilever assembly 2 in sliding and rising, and make the operation of the cantilever assembly 2 smoother.

[0068] As an alternative implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figures 1-3 As shown, the non-powered lifting section 3 has a block or sheet-like structure. A cavity 11 is provided inside the column 1, and all non-powered lifting sections 3 are located within the cavity 11. Lifting rings are provided on the non-powered lifting section 3 for connection with the traction section 30. The non-powered lifting section 3 always moves within the cavity 11 inside the column 1, ensuring smooth operation.

[0069] For extra-long rails (e.g., rails exceeding 100 meters in length), loading and unloading from the side of the rack is difficult. For more information on this issue, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the cantilever assembly 2 in this embodiment includes a sliding frame 21 and a cantilever 22. The sliding frame 21 is slidably connected to the column 1. One end of the cantilever 22 is rotatably connected to the sliding frame 21, and the other end is suspended. The cantilever 22 is rotatably configured in the horizontal direction, thereby moving between the zero position and the storage position.

[0070] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the cantilever 22 can rotate between the zero position and the storage position, wherein, see Figure 8As shown in the diagram, the bottommost cantilever assembly 2 is in the storage position, while the other cantilever assemblies 2 are in the zero position. When cantilever 22 rotates to the storage position, it can perform loading and unloading operations for the rail 100, meaning the lifting system can hoist the rail 100 onto cantilever 22. For loading and storing the rail 100, please refer to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the cantilever 22 of the target layer needs to be rotated to the storage position so that the rail 100 can be supported by the cantilever 22 of the same layer on two or more three-dimensional material racks.

[0071] The above structure has two advantages. First, when the cantilever 22 is in the storage position, the upper cantilever 22 is at zero position, which does not obstruct the cantilever 22 in the storage position. The lifting system can directly lift the rail 100 from above the cantilever 22 in the storage position, improving stacking efficiency and facilitating the loading and unloading of overweight and overlength rails 100. Second, it can make full use of space, allowing more rails 100 to be stacked in the same space.

[0072] As an alternative implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 5 As shown, the cantilever assembly 2 also includes a drive device 24. The fixed end of the drive device 24 is rotatably connected to the sliding frame 21, and its telescopic end is rotatably connected to the end of the cantilever 22 through the shaft 23. The sliding frame 21 is provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove 211. The shaft 23 extends into the arc-shaped limiting groove 211 and drives the cantilever 22 to move along the arc-shaped limiting groove 211 under the drive of the drive device 24.

[0073] The aforementioned drive device 24 can be a telescopic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric cylinder. When the telescopic end of the drive device 24 extends, see... Figure 5 As shown, the cantilever 22 can be driven to rotate along the arc-shaped limiting groove 211, moving between the zero position and the storage position. The arc-shaped limiting groove 211 serves to limit the movement trajectory of the cantilever 22.

[0074] A certain amount of space can be reserved between the shaft 23 and the drive device 24, or between the shaft 23 and the cantilever 22, to accommodate the deformed rail 100 and reduce the resistance of the cantilever assembly 2 carrying the rail 100 when it slides down.

[0075] In this embodiment, the central angle of the arc-shaped limiting groove 211 is 90°, that is, the cantilever 22 rotates 90°, which can realize the switching between the zero position and the storage position. Of course, the central angle of the arc-shaped limiting groove 211 can be other angles, which are not limited here.

[0076] As an alternative implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 5As shown, a first limit switch 51 and a second limit switch 52 are respectively provided at both ends of the arc-shaped limiting groove 211. The first limit switch 51 is used to detect whether the cantilever 22 is in the zero position, and the second limit switch 52 is used to detect whether the cantilever 22 is in the storage position. The three-dimensional material rack also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the first limit switch 51, the second limit switch 52, and the drive device 24, and is used to control the drive device 24 to start or stop working when the cantilever 22 is in the zero position or the storage position.

[0077] As an optional implementation, a third limit switch 53 is provided on the cantilever assembly 2, which is used to detect whether the cantilever assembly 2 has risen to the correct position.

[0078] The first limit switch 51, the second limit switch 52, and the third limit switch 53 mentioned above can be made using mature equipment in the existing technology, and their structures will not be described in detail here.

[0079] When it is necessary to feed the rail 100, the drive device 24 of the target layer drives the cantilever 22 to rotate from the zero position to the storage position. When the shaft 23 connected to the cantilever 22 touches the second limit switch 52, it indicates that the cantilever 22 is in the storage position. The control unit receives the signal from the second limit switch 52, controls the drive device 24 to stop operating, and controls the lifting system to lower the rail 100.

[0080] After the rail 100 is loaded, the corresponding non-powered lifting unit 3 pulls the cantilever 22 upward under gravity. The third limit switch 53 can detect whether the cantilever 22 has risen to the correct position. Once the cantilever 22 has risen to the correct position, the corresponding drive device 24 drives the cantilever 22 to rotate to the zero position. The second limit switch 52 can detect whether the cantilever 22 has rotated to the zero position, thus facilitating the lifting system to continue unloading the lower rail 100.

[0081] The control unit, in conjunction with the first limit switch 51, the second limit switch 52, the third limit switch 5, the drive device 24, and the cantilever assembly, enables automatic stacking of rails of different specifications (thicknesses), improving work efficiency and eliminating the need for manual rail stacking. (See also...) Figure 1 As shown, the control unit is located inside the control unit 10, which is a cabinet structure and is fixed to one side of the column.

[0082] As an alternative implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 1 As shown, the column 1 is equipped with a cable tray 6 and a cable chain 7, which connects the cable tray 6 and the corresponding cantilever assembly 2. The wires can be located in the cable tray 6 and in the cable chain 7 to connect with the electrical equipment, such as the drive device 24, which facilitates wiring and prevents the wires from becoming tangled.

[0083] Example 2:

[0084] As an optional implementation, the cantilever assembly 2 is detachably connected to the column 1; the non-powered hoisting part 3 includes a main body 31 and a replacement part 32. The main body is provided with a receiving groove 311, and the replacement part 32 is provided with a locking block 321. The locking block 321 can extend into the receiving groove 311 and slide to a position where it engages with the receiving groove 311, thereby connecting replacement parts 32 of different weights to the main body 31.

[0085] For details, see Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the receiving groove 311 is an L-shaped groove, and the locking block 321 is an L-shaped locking block 321. The L-shaped locking block 321 can be inserted into the vertical section of the receiving groove 311 and slide into the horizontal section of the receiving groove 311 to engage with the receiving groove 311, thereby realizing the quick assembly and disassembly of the main body 31 and the replacement part 32.

[0086] The cantilever assembly 2 is detachably connected to the column 1, such as using screws or bolts. Different lengths of cantilever assemblies 2 can be replaced according to the length of the workpiece, thus facilitating the support of workpieces of different weights and sizes. When the length of the cantilever assembly 2 varies, the weight also varies. In this embodiment, replacement parts 32 with different weights are detachably connected to the main body 31, enabling the formation of non-powered lifting sections 3 with varying weights based on the weight of the cantilever assembly 2, making it convenient to use.

[0087] See Figure 12 As shown, the dimensions of the non-powered hoisting section 3 satisfy the following: when the non-powered hoisting section 3 is raised to the uppermost end of the cavity 11, the non-powered hoisting section 3 overlaps with the other non-powered hoisting sections 3 located at the bottom of the cavity 11, and the non-powered hoisting sections 3 on both sides form a guide rail structure. The non-powered hoisting section 3 between the two can rise and fall in the guide rail structure, the structure is stable, and there is no need to set additional guide rails, sliders or other structures on the column. The structure is simple and facilitates the stable lifting and lowering of the non-powered hoisting section 3.

[0088] Example 3:

[0089] See Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails, using two or more of the aforementioned three-dimensional material racks. In this embodiment, two or more three-dimensional material racks can be used to stack extra-heavy and extra-long steel rails 100. The method includes:

[0090] When loading the workpiece:

[0091] Determine if the workpiece is being loaded for the first time. If so, control the lifting system to lower the workpiece into the loading station to the bottom layer.

[0092] If not, control the cantilever assembly 2 located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer to move to the storage position, and control the lifting system to lower the workpiece entering the loading station onto the cantilever assembly 2, so that the cantilever assembly 2 located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer jointly support the rail 100, and the cantilever assembly 2, which jointly supports the workpiece, descends to the position of contacting the workpiece on the lower layer under the action of gravity.

[0093] The bottom rail 100 can be placed directly under the bottom cantilever assembly 2. When the second layer of rail 100 is placed, the bottom cantilever 22 is rotated to the storage position, and the lifting system is controlled to lower the workpiece entering the loading position onto the cantilever assembly 2. This makes full use of the space and more rails 100 can be placed in the same space.

[0094] This method allows the lifting system to feed materials directly from above the cantilever assembly 2, and is suitable for feeding heavy and long workpieces, such as steel rails 100 meters or longer.

[0095] For details, see Figure 13 As shown, the control method includes: when a feeding signal is received, determining whether it is the first feeding; if yes, controlling the lifting system to lower the workpiece entering the feeding station to the bottom layer; if no, detecting the status of the cantilever assembly 2, determining that the bottom cantilever assembly 2 is currently at the zero position, driving the bottom cantilever 22 currently at the zero position to rotate 90° to place it in the storage position, and the lifting system lowering the turnout rail 100 entering the feeding station onto the cantilever assembly 2. When the rail 100 contacts the cantilever assembly 2, the turnout rail 100 and the cantilever assembly 2 move down together under the action of gravity. Determining whether the rail 100 is in place: if yes, updating the feeding data information of the three-dimensional material rack; determining whether the three-dimensional material rack is full: if yes, feeding ends; if no, feeding continues.

[0096] When cutting the workpiece:

[0097] Control the lifting system to lift the topmost workpiece;

[0098] Detect whether the cantilever assembly 2 has moved to the top layer or is in contact with the upper cantilever assembly 2;

[0099] If so, control the cantilever assembly 2 of that layer to rotate to the zero position.

[0100] When the rail 100 is being cut, the top layer of workpiece is first removed using the lifting system. Then, the non-powered lifting unit 3, under gravity, pulls the cantilever assembly 2 (which is not carrying any workpiece, such as the rail 100) upwards. Finally, the cantilever assembly 2 is rotated to its zero position to prevent it from obstructing the workpieces below, allowing the lifting system to continue removing the lower layers. This achieves orderly cutting of workpieces layer by layer.

[0101] This method allows the lifting system to unload materials directly from above the cantilever assembly 2, making it suitable for ultra-heavy and ultra-long workpieces, such as steel rails 100 meters or longer.

[0102] For details, see Figure 14 As shown, the control method includes: when the material feeding begins, the lifting equipment lifts the uppermost turnout rail 100, detects whether the cantilever assembly 2 has risen to the uppermost level or is in contact with the upper cantilever assembly 2, if so, detects the state of the cantilever assembly 2, determines the current topmost cantilever assembly 2, drives the current cantilever 22 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction to enter the zero position; detects whether the bottommost cantilever assembly 2 has risen to the top, if so, the material feeding ends.

[0103] The specific features, structures, or characteristics described in this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0104] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0105] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional material rack, characterized in that, Includes columns, cantilever assemblies, traction units, and non-powered lifting units, among which: The cantilever assembly is provided in two or more sets along the height direction of the column, and each set of the cantilever assembly independently corresponds to at least one of the non-powered lifting parts. The column is provided with a pulley assembly, the traction part is wound around the pulley assembly, and the two ends of the traction part are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding cantilever assembly and the non-powered lifting part; The non-powered lifting unit can pull the cantilever assembly corresponding to the unsupported workpiece upward; The cantilever assembly supporting the rail workpiece can descend independently under its own weight and the combined weight of the rail until the rail is in close contact with the lower rail. It adaptively adjusts the distance between the two layers of cantilever assemblies to accommodate rails with different heights, uneven bottoms, and large deformations. When the bottom surfaces of multiple rails in an ultra-long rail row are uneven, or when the same rail experiences a "waist-dropping" phenomenon along its length under gravity, the downward movement of the cantilever assemblies on the same layer of different three-dimensional material racks is asynchronous, thereby ensuring that the cantilever assembly supports the rail at different positions. The cantilever assembly is detachably connected to the column; the non-powered hoisting part includes a main body and a replacement part. The main body is provided with a receiving groove, and the replacement part is provided with a locking block. The locking block can extend into the receiving groove and slide to a position where it engages with the receiving groove, thereby connecting the replacement parts of different weights to the main body. At least one side of the column is an assembly side that is slidably connected to the cantilever assembly. The cantilever assembly is provided with a traction hole. The non-powered hoisting part, the pulley assembly, and the traction hole are all arranged along the width direction of the assembly side and are provided in a corresponding manner. The non-powered hoisting part has a block or sheet structure, and the column is provided with a cavity. The non-powered hoisting parts are all located in the cavity. The non-powered hoisting parts are provided with lifting rings for connecting with the traction part. The cantilever assembly includes a sliding frame, a cantilever, and a drive device. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the column. One end of the cantilever is rotatably connected to the sliding frame, and the other end is suspended. The cantilever is rotatably configured in the horizontal direction, thereby moving between the zero position and the storage position. The fixed end of the driving device is rotatably connected to the sliding frame, and its telescopic end is rotatably connected to the end of the cantilever through a shaft; the sliding frame is provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove, the shaft extends into the arc-shaped limiting groove, and under the drive of the driving device, it drives the cantilever to move along the arc-shaped limiting groove.

2. The three-dimensional material rack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the arc-shaped limiting groove are respectively provided with a first limit switch and a second limit switch. The first limit switch is used to detect whether the cantilever is at the zero position, and the second limit switch is used to detect whether the cantilever is at the storage position. The three-dimensional material rack also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the first limit switch, the second limit switch, and the drive device, and is used to control the drive device to start or stop working when the cantilever is at the zero position or the storage position.

3. The three-dimensional material rack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cantilever assembly is equipped with a third limit switch, which is used to detect whether the cantilever assembly has risen to the correct position.

4. The three-dimensional material rack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column is provided with a cable groove and a cable chain, and the cable chain connects the cable groove and the corresponding cantilever assembly.

5. A method for controlling the loading and unloading of steel rails, characterized in that, Using two or more three-dimensional material racks as described in any one of claims 1-4, the method comprises: When loading rails: Determine if the rails are being loaded for the first time. If so, control the lifting system to lower the rails that have entered the loading station to the bottom layer. If not, control the cantilever assembly located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer to move to the storage position, and control the lifting system to lower the steel rail entering the loading position onto the cantilever assembly, so that the cantilever assemblies located on different three-dimensional material racks and on the same layer jointly support the steel rail, and the cantilever assembly jointly supporting the steel rail asynchronously descends to the position of contacting the lower layer steel rail under the action of gravity; When cutting steel rails: Control the lifting system to raise the top layer of rails; Detect whether the cantilever assembly has moved to the top layer or is in contact with the upper cantilever assembly; If so, control the cantilever assembly of that layer to rotate to the zero position.

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