Spread statistics approach for narrow beam based channel access

Abstract

Wireless communication systems and methods related to accessing a channel based on an interference condition in a wireless communication network are provided. For example, a wireless communication method performed by a wireless communication device can include receiving, from a second wireless communication device, one or more signals associated with a beam parameter, determining, at each of a plurality of locations, a signal measurement for at least one of the one or more received signals, and determining, based at least in part on a cumulative distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of locations and a reference probability distribution, whether the second wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition. Other features are also claimed and described.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202121020672, filed on May 6, 2021, entitled “A DIVERGENCE STATISTICAL APPROACHFOR NARROW BEAM-BASED CHANNEL ACCESS”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference as fully set forth herein and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to narrow-beam-based channel access for communication in wireless communication networks operating on unlicensed spectrum.

[0004] introduction

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Wireless multiple access communication systems may include several base stations (BSs), each supporting communication from multiple communication devices simultaneously, which may also be referred to as user equipment (UEs).

[0006] To meet the growing demand for extended mobile broadband connectivity, wireless communication technologies are evolving from Long Term Evolution (LTE) to Next Generation New Radio (NR), often referred to as fifth generation (5G). For example, NR is designed to offer lower latency, higher bandwidth or throughput, and greater reliability compared to LTE. NR is designed to operate across a wide range of frequency bands, from low-frequency bands below approximately 1 GHz and mid-frequency bands from approximately 1 GHz to approximately 6 GHz, to high-frequency bands such as millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. NR is also designed to operate across different spectrum types, from licensed spectrum to unlicensed and shared spectrum. Spectrum sharing allows operators to opportunistically pool spectrum to dynamically support high-bandwidth services. Spectrum sharing can extend the benefits of NR technology to operating entities that may not have access to licensed spectrum.

[0007] One way to avoid collisions when communicating in shared or unlicensed spectrum is to use a Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) procedure to ensure the shared channel is open before transmitting signals. For example, the transmitting node can listen to the channel to determine if there is active transmission in it. When the channel is idle, the transmitting node can transmit a preamble to reserve a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) in the shared channel and can communicate with the receiving node during that TXOP. As use cases and diverse deployment scenarios continue to expand in wireless communications, improvements in channel access technologies can also bring benefits.

[0008] A brief overview of some examples

[0009] The following outlines some aspects of this disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the techniques discussed. This overview is not an exhaustive summary of all conceived features of this disclosure, and is neither intended to identify all key or decisive elements of all aspects of this disclosure, nor to define the scope of any or all aspects of this disclosure. Its sole purpose is to provide, in an overview form, some concepts of one or more aspects of this disclosure as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.

[0010] In one aspect of this disclosure, a wireless communication method performed by a first wireless communication device may include receiving one or more signals associated with beam parameters from a second wireless communication device. The method may further include: determining signal measurements for at least one of the one or more received signals at each of a plurality of locations; and determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition based at least in part on a cumulative distribution and a reference probability distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of locations.

[0011] In an additional aspect of this disclosure, a wireless communication method performed by a wireless communication device may include selecting a channel access configuration for transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band using a transmit beam. This selection may be based at least in part on a cumulative distribution and a reference probability distribution of signal measurements, wherein the signal measurements include one signal measurement at each of a plurality of locations. The method may further include transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band based on the channel access configuration and using the transmit beam.

[0012] Other aspects, features, and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the following description of specific exemplary aspects in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Although features may be discussed hereinafter with reference to certain aspects and drawings, all aspects may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more aspects may be discussed having certain advantageous features, one or more such features may also be used according to the aspects discussed herein. Similarly, although exemplary aspects may be discussed hereinafter as aspects of an apparatus, system, or method, it should be understood that such exemplary aspects can be implemented in a variety of apparatuses, systems, and methods. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0014] Figure 1 The present disclosure explains some aspects of wireless communication networks.

[0015] Figure 2 The communication scenarios based on some aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0016] Figure 3 The channel access method according to some aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0017] Figure 4 The communication scenarios based on some aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0018] Figure 5 The direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup for wireless devices is explained according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0019] Figures 6A-6B The DFF measurement setup for wireless devices is explained according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0020] Figures 7A-7B The DFF measurement setup for wireless devices is explained according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a narrow beam interference test method based on some aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the determination of the scheme based on interference conditions in some aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 10 The channel access method according to some aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0024] Figure 11 A block diagram of a base station (BS) according to some aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0025] Figure 12A block diagram of a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0026] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0028] Detailed description

[0029] The detailed description that follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent only the configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. This detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some aspects, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0030] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems (also known as wireless communication networks). Various technologies and apparatuses can be used in various aspects of wireless communication networks, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, 5G or New Radio (NR) networks, and other communication networks. As described herein, the terms "network" and "system" may be used interchangeably.

[0031] OFDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, and flash-OFDM. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Specifically, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a UMTS version using E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE are described in documents from an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), while cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization called 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known or under development. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between various telecommunications association groups that aims to define globally applicable third-generation (3G) mobile phone specifications. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project aimed at improving the UMTS mobile phone standard. 3GPP defines specifications for next-generation mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices. This disclosure focuses on the evolution of wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyond, which features shared access to the radio spectrum between networks using new and different sets of radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.

[0032] Specifically, 5G networks envision diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, and diverse services and devices that can be achieved using a unified air interface based on OFDM. To achieve these goals, in addition to developing new radio technologies for 5G NR networks, further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are also considered. 5G NR will be able to scale to: (1) provide ultra-high density (e.g., approximately 1M nodes / km) 2 (1) Provide coverage for large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) with ultra-low complexity (e.g., approximately tens of bits / second), ultra-low energy (e.g., approximately 10+ years of battery life), and deep coverage capable of reaching challenging locations; (2) Provide coverage with strong security (to protect sensitive personal, financial, or confidential information), ultra-high reliability (e.g., approximately 99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., approximately 1 ms), and mission-critical control for users with wide range of mobility or lack thereof; and (3) Provide coverage with enhanced mobile broadband, including extremely high capacity (e.g., approximately 10 Tbps / km). 2 Extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rates, 100+Mbps user experience rates), and deep insights with advanced discovery and optimization.

[0033] 5G NR can achieve: optimized OFDM-based waveforms with scalable parametric design and transmission time intervals (TTI); a shared, flexible framework for efficiently multiplexing services and features using dynamic, low-latency Time Division Duplex (TDD) / Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) designs; and advanced radio technologies such as massive MIMO, robust millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission, advanced channel decoding, and device-centric mobility. The scalability of parametric design in 5G NR (and the scaling of subcarrier spacing) can efficiently address the operation of diverse services across diverse spectrum and deployments. For example, in various outdoor and macro coverage deployments implemented with FDD / TDD below 3 GHz, subcarrier spacing can occur at 15 kHz over bandwidths (BWs) such as 5, 10, and 20 MHz. For other various outdoor and small cell coverage deployments with TDD above 3 GHz, subcarrier spacing can occur at 30 kHz over an 80 / 100 MHz BW. For various other indoor broadband implementations, subcarrier spacing can occur at 60 kHz over a 160 MHz BW by using TDD on the unlicensed portion of the 5 GHz band. Finally, for various deployments using mmWave components with TDD at 28 GHz, subcarrier spacing can occur at 120 kHz over a 500 MHz BW. In some respects, the frequency bands used for 5G NR are divided into several different frequency ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2), and FR2x. The FR1 band includes the band at 7 GHz or lower (e.g., between approximately 410 MHz and approximately 7125 MHz). The FR2 band includes the band in the mmWave range between approximately 24.25 GHz and approximately 52.6 GHz. The FR2x band includes the band in the mmWave range between approximately 52.6 GHz and approximately 71 GHz. The mmWave band can have a shorter range than the FR1 band but a higher bandwidth. Additionally, 5G NR can support different sets of subcarrier spacings for different frequency ranges.

[0034] 5G NR's scalable parameter design enables scalable TTIs to meet diverse latency and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTIs can be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTIs can be used for higher spectral efficiency. Efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs allows transmissions to begin at symbol boundaries. 5G NR also envisions a self-contained integrated subframe design that incorporates UL / downlink scheduling information, data, and confirmation within the same subframe. Self-contained integrated subframes support communication in unlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum and support adaptive UL / downlink that can be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between UL and downlink to meet current traffic needs.

[0035] Various other aspects and features of this disclosure are further described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein can be embodied in a variety of forms, and any specific structure, function, or both disclosed herein are merely representative and not limiting. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement an apparatus or practice a method. Furthermore, such an apparatus or practice can be implemented using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that complement or differ from one or more aspects set forth herein. For example, a method can be implemented as part of a system, device, apparatus, and / or as instructions stored on a computer-readable medium for execution on a processor or computer. Moreover, an aspect may include at least one element of the claims.

[0036] To enable coexistence among multiple devices in shared or unlicensed spectrum, a Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) procedure can be used to assess whether the shared channel is open before transmitting signals. During the LBT procedure, devices can perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) over a predetermined duration to contend for Channel Occupied Time (COT). During CCA, the device can compare the detected energy level in the channel with a threshold. If the energy level exceeds the threshold, the device can determine that the channel is occupied, suppress signal transmission in the channel, and repeat the CCA after a period of time, or the device can reduce its transmit power to avoid interfering with other devices that may be using the channel. If the energy level is below the threshold, the device can determine that the channel is not occupied (indicating that the device has won the contention) and continue transmitting signals in the COT.

[0037] Unlicensed spectrum available for wireless communication can include the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, and the 60 GHz band. One of the key proponents of LBT (Low-Like Transmission Bypass) in the 60 GHz band is the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Therefore, in the first ETSI operating mode, mobile or fixed wireless communication devices or nodes are forced to perform LBT before accessing unlicensed bands within the 60 GHz range. However, performing LBT before every transmission can lead to inefficient use of resources due to the overhead and latency associated with LBT. Furthermore, devices or nodes communicating in the 60 GHz band may use beamforming signals to compensate for high signal attenuation at higher frequencies. Beamforming signals concentrate their signal energy in a specific beam direction toward the intended receiver, allowing multiple transmitters to transmit simultaneously in different spatial directions with minimal or no interference. Therefore, in the second ETSI operating mode (currently under standardization research), if a mobile or fixed wireless communication device or node meets interference conditions or transmits using a certain antenna gain, it can transmit without performing LBT. Antenna gain can be related to the transmit beamwidth. For example, a high antenna gain can produce a narrower beam compared to a low antenna gain. That is, the second ETSI operating mode allows the device to skip the LBT when using a narrow transmit beam to transmit. While using a high antenna gain to generate a narrow beam for transmission and / or reception can reduce the likelihood of collisions, beam collisions can occur and are not detected or mitigated when simply skipping the LBT.

[0038] In some examples, in addition to LBT, the transmitting node can also perform long-term sensing to mitigate beam collisions. For long-term sensing, the transmitting node can monitor for interference in the shared channel over extended periods, such as across multiple transmission periods or COTs (e.g., at periodic measurement times), rather than performing sensing only when data is ready to be transmitted. In further examples, the transmitting node can combine LBT and / or long-term sensing with other coexistence techniques, such as setting limits on the beamwidth of the transmit beam, setting limits on the transmit power, setting limits on the duty cycle (e.g., transmission within D% of the total time), or setting limits on the beam dwell time (e.g., the maximum transmission duration along a certain beam direction) to further mitigate beam collisions and / or interference.

[0039] As used herein, the term "transmit beam" can refer to a transmitter transmitting a beamformed signal in a spatial direction or beam direction and / or with a beamwidth covering a spatial angular sector. A transmit beam can have characteristics such as beam direction and beamwidth. The term "receive beam" can refer to a receiver using beamforming to receive a signal from a spatial direction or beam direction and / or within a beamwidth covering a spatial angular sector. A receive beam can have characteristics such as beam direction and beamwidth.

[0040] In some respects, when a transmitting node uses a transmit beam that satisfies the narrow beam condition, it can use one set of channel access procedures (e.g., in the absence of LBT and / or long-term sensing) for channel access, and another set of channel access procedures can be used when the transmitting node uses a transmit beam that does not satisfy the narrow beam condition. That is, narrow beam-based channel access operates under the assumption that a narrow transmit beam may cause limited interference to surrounding nodes. Therefore, it is desirable to define a metric for testing transmit beam narrowness. As discussed herein, beam narrowness is in the context of interference. Therefore, beam narrowness is not limited to beam geometry (e.g., beamwidth) but can refer to the interference occupancy area of ​​the beam at the network level. For example, a large or wide transmit beam with low gain and / or low transmit power (having a wide beamwidth) can be considered narrow in terms of its interference to surrounding nodes.

[0041] This disclosure provides a technique for determining whether a wireless communication device (e.g., UE, BS) satisfies interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam condition) by comparing the cumulative distribution of signal measurements of the transmitted beams of a wireless device at multiple locations with a reference probability distribution. Figures 5 to 9As described in detail, the cumulative distribution of signal measurements of the transmit beam of a wireless device can be based on signal measurements taken at several locations associated with a spherical coverage of the wireless communication device (e.g., the device under test). For example, the locations where measurements are taken can be associated with the corresponding azimuth and elevation angles of the sphere's position and / or orientation relative to the wireless communication device within the sphere. Signal measurements may include determining the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the received signal at each location on the sphere. Any method can be used to determine whether the transmit beam of the wireless device satisfies an interference condition. For example, determining whether the wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition may include determining whether the difference between the k-th percentile signal measurement in the signal measurements and the k-th percentile of a reference probability distribution satisfies a threshold. The reference probability distribution may satisfy a narrow beam condition and therefore satisfy an interference condition. In some instances, additional comparisons may be performed to determine whether the wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition. For example, determining whether the difference between the k-th percentile signal measurement in the signal measurements and the k-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a first threshold, and determining whether the difference between the j-th percentile signal measurement in the signal measurements and the j-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a second threshold. In this case, the value of k can be greater than the value of j.

[0042] In some instances, determining whether a wireless communication device meets interference conditions can be based on the device's operating parameters and / or conditions. For example, comparing thresholds and / or referencing probability distributions can be based on operating parameters (e.g., operating frequency, mobility conditions, type of wireless device, device power level, service level, interference conditions, etc.) and conditions (e.g., density of wireless devices in the area where the wireless device is located).

[0043] Additionally or alternatively, the criteria used to satisfy the interference conditions (e.g., a narrow beam metric) can be based on a divergence metric. A narrow beam metric (e.g., beam j) can be defined as a divergence metric between C_j (the CDF of the signal measurement when the transmitter is configured with beam j) and R_cdf (a reference CDF). Divergence metrics may include, but are not limited to, Kullback-Liebler divergence measurement, Wasserstein distance, normalized mean difference, normalized variance difference, energy difference, Jensen-Shannon divergence measurement, Kellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance, correlation coefficient, etc. A divergence metric can be expressed as M_j = div.metric(C_j, R_cdf), where the wireless device satisfies the interference conditions if M_j is less than a predefined threshold (e.g., d_2). In some instances, the threshold can be considered as the target distance related to the maximum tolerable interference level. In some instances, the threshold can be based on the parameters and / or operating conditions of the wireless device.

[0044] Various aspects of this disclosure can provide several benefits. For example, if a wireless device meets interference conditions, the probability that the wireless device will interfere with other nodes (e.g., other wireless devices) in the area can be reduced. This interference can be low enough (below a threshold) that the wireless device can implement a channel access method that reduces latency and overhead. For example, if a wireless device meets interference conditions, the wireless device can suppress the performance of LBT and / or long-term sensing before accessing the channel.

[0045] Figure 1 A wireless communication network 100 according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. Network 100 may be a 5G network. Network 100 includes several base stations (BSs) 105 (labeled 105a, 105b, 105c, 105d, 105e, and 105f, respectively) and other network entities. BS 105 may be a station communicating with UEs 115 (labeled 115a, 15b, 115c, 115d, 115e, 115f, 115g, 115h, and 115k, respectively), and may also be referred to as an evolved B-node (eNB), a next-generation eNB (gNB), an access point, etc. Each BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to the specific geographic coverage area of ​​BS 105 and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0046] The BS105 can provide communication coverage for macrocells or small cells (such as picocells or femtocells), and / or other types of cells. Macrocells typically cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. Small cells (such as picocells) typically cover a relatively small geographic area and allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. Small cells (such as femtocells) also typically cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and, in addition to unrestricted access, allow restricted access by UEs associated with that femtocell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in that residence, etc.). A BS used for macrocells may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS used for small cells may be referred to as a small cell BS, pico BS, femtocell BS, or home BS. Figure 1In the examples shown, BS105d and 105e can be conventional macro BSs, while BS105a-105c can be macro BSs with one of three-dimensional (3D), full-dimensional (FD), or massive MIMO enabled. BS105a-105c can leverage its higher-dimensional MIMO capabilities to increase coverage and capacity using 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming. BS105f can be a small cell BS, which can be a home node or a portable access point. BS105 can support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells.

[0047] Network 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, each BS can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs can be roughly aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, each BS can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.

[0048] Each UE 115 is distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. UE 115 may also be referred to as a terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, station, etc. UE 115 may be a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, tablet computer, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, etc. In one aspect, UE 115 may be a device including a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). In another aspect, UE may be a device without a UICC. In some aspects, UE 115 without a UICC may also be referred to as an IoT device or an Internet of Things (IoE) device. UE 115a-115d are examples of mobile smartphone-type devices accessing network 100. UE 115 may also be a machine specifically configured for connected communications (including Machine Type Communication (MTC), Enhanced MTC (eMTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), etc.). UE 115e-115h are examples of various machines configured for communication that access network 100. UE 115i-115k are examples of vehicles equipped with wireless communication devices configured for communication that access network 100. UE 115 can communicate with any type of BS (whether macro BS, small cell, etc.). Figure 1 In this context, the lightning bolt (e.g., a communication link) indicates radio transmissions between UE 115 and serving BS 105, desired transmissions between BSs 105, backhaul transmissions between BSs, or sidelink transmissions between UE 115, where serving BS 105 is the BS designated to serve UE 115 on the downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL).

[0049] In operation, BS105a-105c can use 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial technologies (such as Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity) to serve UEs 115a and 115b. Macro BS105d can perform backhaul communication with BS105a-105c and the small cell BS105f. Macro BS105d can also deliver multicast services subscribed to and received by UEs 115c and 115d. Such multicast services may include mobile TV or streaming video, or may include other services for providing community information (such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber Alerts or Grey Alerts).

[0050] The BS105 can also communicate with the core network. The core network provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. At least some BS105s (e.g., examples of gNBs or Access Node Controllers (ANCs)) can interface with the core network via backhaul links (e.g., NG-C, NG-U, etc.) and can perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UE 115. In various examples, the BS105s can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via the core network) on backhaul links (e.g., X1, X2, etc.), which can be wired or wireless communication links.

[0051] Network 100 can also support time-critical communication with ultra-reliable and redundant links for time-critical devices such as UE 115e. Redundant communication links with UE 115e may include links from macro BS 105d and 105e, and links from small cell BS 105f. Other machine-type devices (such as UE 115f (e.g., thermometer), UE 115g (e.g., smart meter), and UE 115h (e.g., wearable device)) can communicate directly with BSs (such as small cell BS 105f and macro BS 105e) via network 100, or be in a multi-action configuration by communicating with another user equipment relaying its information to the network (e.g., UE 115f relays temperature measurement information to smart meter UE 115g, which is then reported to the network via small cell BS 105f). Network 100 can also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low latency TDD / FDD communication, such as V2V, V2X, C-V2X communication between UE 115i, 115j or 115k and other UE 115, and / or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication between UE 115i, 115j or 115k and BS105.

[0052] In some implementations, network 100 utilizes OFDM-based waveforms for communication. OFDM-based systems can divide the system BW into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as subcarriers, frequency modulation, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In some aspects, the subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system BW. The system BW can also be divided into subbands. In other aspects, the subcarrier spacing and / or the duration of the time interval (TTI) can be scalable.

[0053] In some respects, BS105 may assign or schedule (e.g., in the form of time-frequency resource blocks (RBs)) transmission resources for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in network 100. DL refers to the transmission direction from BS105 to UE 115, while UL refers to the transmission direction from UE 115 to BS105. Communication may take the form of radio frames. Radio frames may be divided into multiple subframes or time slots, for example, about 10. Each time slot may be further divided into sub-time slots. In FDD mode, simultaneous UL and DL transmissions may occur in different frequency bands. For example, each subframe includes UL subframes in the UL band and DL subframes in the DL band. In TDD mode, UL and DL transmissions occur using the same frequency band at different time periods. For example, a subset of subframes in a radio frame (e.g., DL subframes) may be used for DL ​​transmissions, and another subset of subframes in the same radio frame (e.g., UL subframes) may be used for UL transmissions.

[0054] DL subframes and UL subframes can be further divided into several regions. For example, each DL or UL subframe may have a predefined region for the transmission of reference signals, control information, and data. Reference signals are predetermined signals that facilitate communication between BS105 and UE 115. For example, reference signals may have a specific pilot pattern or structure, wherein the pilot frequencies may span the operating BW or frequency band, and each pilot frequency is positioned at a predefined time and predefined frequency. For example, BS105 may transmit a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) and / or channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) to enable UE 115 to estimate the DL channel. Similarly, UE 115 may transmit a probe reference signal (SRS) to enable BS105 to estimate the UL channel. Control information may include resource allocation and protocol control. Data may include protocol data and / or operational data. In some aspects, BS105 and UE 115 may communicate using self-contained subframes. Self-contained subframes may include portions for DL ​​communication and portions for UL communication. Self-contained subframes can be DL-centered or UL-centered. DL-centered subframes can include a duration for DL ​​communication that is longer than the duration for UL communication. UL-centered subframes can include a duration for UL communication that is longer than the duration for DL ​​communication.

[0055] In some aspects, network 100 may be an NR network deployed on licensed spectrum. BS105 may transmit synchronization signals (e.g., including primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)) in network 100 to facilitate synchronization. BS105 may broadcast system information associated with network 100 (e.g., including primary information block (MIB), residual system information (RMSI), and other system information (OSI)) to facilitate initial network access. In some aspects, BS105 may broadcast PSS, SSS, and / or MIB in the form of synchronization signal blocks (SSB), and may broadcast RMSI and / or OSI on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). MIB may be transmitted on the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0056] In some respects, UE 115 attempting to access network 100 can perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from BS 105. The PSS enables time-period synchronization and indicates a physical layer identity value. UE 115 can subsequently receive an SSS. The SSS enables radio frame synchronization and provides a cell identity value, which can be combined with a physical layer identity value to identify the cell. The PSS and SSS can be located in the center portion of the carrier or at any suitable frequency within the carrier.

[0057] After receiving the PSS and SSS, UE 115 can receive the MIB. The MIB may include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for RMSI and / or OSI. After decoding the MIB, UE 115 can receive the RMSI and / or OSI. The RMSI and / or OSI may include radio resource control (RRC) information related to the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for monitoring the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical UL Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical UL Shared Channel (PUSCH), power control, and SRS.

[0058] After obtaining the MIB, RMSI, and / or OSI, UE 115 can execute a random access procedure to establish a connection with BS 105. In some examples, the random access procedure can be a four-step random access procedure. For example, UE 115 can transmit a random access preamble, and BS 105 can respond with a random access response. The random access response (RAR) may include the detected random access preamble identifier (ID) corresponding to the random access preamble, timing advance (TA) information, UL grant, temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), and / or backoff indicator. Upon receiving the random access response, UE 115 can transmit a connection request to BS 105, and BS 105 can respond with a connection response. The connection response may indicate a contention resolution. In some examples, the random access preamble, RAR, connection request, and connection response may be referred to as message 1 (MSG 1), message 2 (MSG 2), message 3 (MSG 3), and message 4 (MSG 4), respectively. In some examples, the random access procedure can be a two-step random access procedure, where UE 115 can transmit the random access preamble and connection request in a single transmission, and BS105 can respond by transmitting the random access response and connection response in a single transmission.

[0059] After the connection is established, UE 115 and BS105 can enter the normal operation phase, where operational data can be exchanged. For example, BS105 can schedule UE 115 for UL and / or DL ​​communication. BS105 can transmit UL and / or DL ​​scheduling permission to UE 115 via PDCCH. The scheduling permission can be transmitted in the form of DL control information (DCI). BS105 can transmit DL communication signals (e.g., carrying data) to UE 115 via PDSCH according to the DL scheduling permission. UE 115 can transmit UL communication signals to BS105 via PUSCH and / or PUCCH according to the UL scheduling permission. This connection can be referred to as an RRC connection. When UE 115 actively exchanges data with BS105, UE 115 is in an RRC connected state.

[0060] In one example, after establishing a connection with BS105, UE 115 can initiate an initial network attachment procedure with network 100. BS105 can coordinate with various network entities or 5G core (5GC) entities, such as Access and Mobility Functions (AMF), Serving Gateways (SGW), and / or Packet Data Network Gateways (PGWs), to complete the network attachment procedure. For example, BS105 can coordinate with network entities in the 5GC to identify the UE, authenticate the UE, and / or authorize the UE to send and / or receive data in network 100. Furthermore, the AMF can assign a set of Tracking Areas (TAs) to the UE. Once the network attachment procedure is successful, a context is established for UE 115 in the AMF. After successfully attaching to the network, UE 115 can move around the current TA. For Tracking Area Updates (TAUs), BS105 can request UE 115 to periodically update network 100 with UE 115's location. Alternatively, UE 115 may report only its location to network 100 upon entering a new TA. TAU allows network 100 to quickly locate and page UE 115 upon receiving an incoming data packet or a call to UE 115.

[0061] In some respects, BS105 can use HARQ technology to communicate with UE 115 to improve communication reliability, such as to provide URLLC services. BS105 can schedule UE 115 for PDSCH communication by transmitting DL permission in the PDCCH. BS105 can transmit DL data packets to UE 115 according to the scheduling in the PDSCH. DL data packets can be transmitted in transport blocks (TBs). If UE 115 successfully receives DL data packets, UE 115 can transmit a HARQ ACK to BS105. Conversely, if UE 115 fails to receive the DL transmission, UE 115 can transmit a HARQ NACK to BS105. Once a HARQ NACK is received from UE 115, BS105 can retransmit the DL data packets to UE 115. The retransmission may include the same encoded version of the DL data as the initial transmission. Alternatively, the retransmission may include a different encoded version of the DL data than the initial transmission. UE 115 can apply soft combining to combine encoded data received from the initial transmission and retransmissions for decoding. BS105 and UE 115 can also use a mechanism substantially similar to DL HARQ to apply HARQ to UL communications.

[0062] In some aspects, network 100 may operate on a system BW or a component carrier (CC) BW. Network 100 may divide the system BW into multiple BWPs (e.g., multiple parts). BS 105 may dynamically assign UE 115 to operate on a particular BWP (e.g., a part of the system BW). The assigned BWP may be referred to as the active BWP. UE 115 may monitor the active BWP to look for signaling information from BS 105. BS 105 may schedule UE 115 to perform UL or DL ​​communication in the active BWP. In some aspects, BS 105 may assign a pair of BWPs within a CC to UE 115 for UL and DL communication. For example, the BWP pair may include one BWP for UL communication and one BWP for DL ​​communication.

[0063] In some respects, network 100 may operate on a shared channel, which may include a shared frequency band and / or an unlicensed frequency band. For example, network 100 may be an NR-U network operating on an unlicensed frequency band. In such respects, BS105 and UE115 may be operated by multiple network operating entities. To avoid collisions, BS105 and UE115 may employ a Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) procedure to monitor transmission opportunities (TXOP) in the shared channel. TXOP may also be referred to as COT. The goal of LBT is to protect reception at the receiver from interference. For example, a transmitting node (e.g., BS105 or UE115) may perform LBT before transmitting in the channel. When LBT succeeds, the transmitting node may then transmit. When LBT fails, the transmitting node may suppress transmission in the channel.

[0064] Figure 2 Communication scenario 200 according to various aspects of this disclosure has been explained. Communication scenario 200 may correspond to the communication scenario between BS105 and / or UE115 in network 100. For simplicity, Figure 2 The description includes one BS205 and two UE215s (shown as 215a and 215b), but it is possible to support a greater number of UE 215s (e.g., approximately 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) and / or BS205s (e.g., approximately 2, 3, 4 or more). BS 205 and UE 215 may be similar to BS105 and UE 115, respectively.

[0065] In scenario 200, BS205 can serve UE 215a. In some instances, UE 215b can be served by BS205. In other instances, UE 215b can be served by another BS (e.g., another BS105 or 205). In such instances, UE 215b and other BSs can be operated by the same network operating entity as BS205 or a different network operating entity than BS205. Furthermore, in some instances, UE 215b and other BSs can utilize the same RAT as BS205 and UE 215a. In other instances, UE 215b and other BSs can utilize a different RAT than BS205 and UE 215a. For example, BS205 and UE 215a can be NR-U devices, and other BSs and UE 215b can be WiFi devices. NR-U can refer to the deployment of NR on unlicensed spectrum.

[0066] BS205 and UE 215 can communicate over an mmWave band. The mmWave band can be any mmWave frequency (e.g., at 20 GHz, 30 GHz, 60 GHz, or higher). As explained above, high mmWave frequencies can have high path loss, and devices operating at such frequencies can use beamforming for transmission and / or reception to compensate for high signal attenuation. For example, BS205 can generate several directional transmit beams in several beams or spatial directions (e.g., about 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or more), and can select a particular transmit beam or beam direction to communicate with UE215a based on the location of UE 215a relative to BS205 and / or any other environmental factors (such as surrounding scatterers). For example, BS205s can select a transmit beam that provides optimal quality (e.g., with the highest received signal strength) for communication with UE 215a. UE 215a can also generate several directional transmit beams in several beam or spatial directions (e.g., about 2, 4, 8 or more) and can select a particular transmit beam that provides the best quality (e.g., with the highest received signal strength) to communicate with BS 205a. In some instances, BS 205 and UE 215a can perform beam selection procedures on each other to determine the optimal UL beam and optimal DL beam for communication. Similarly, each of BS 205b and UE 215b can generate several directional transmit beams in several beam or spatial directions and can select the most suitable or best transmit beam or beam direction to communicate with each other.

[0067] exist Figure 2In the illustrated example, BS205 can transmit to UE 215a using transmit beam 202 along direction 206 of line-of-sight (LOS) path 204, and UE 215a can receive the transmission using receive beam in the opposite direction (of direction 206). BS205b can transmit to UE 215b using transmit beam 212 along direction 216 of LOS path 214, and UE 215a can receive the transmission using receive beam in the opposite direction (of direction 216). Each of transmit beam 202 and transmit beam 212 can be a narrow transmit beam.

[0068] As explained above, narrow beam transmission can be used as a coexistence mechanism for spectrum sharing because the transmit beam can concentrate the energy of the transmitted signal in a specific beam direction, and is therefore less likely to interfere with the transmission and / or reception of adjacent devices.

[0069] Figure 3 A channel access method 300 according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. Method 300 can be employed by a BS (such as BS105 and / or 205) and / or a UE (such as UE 115 and / or 215). Specifically, a wireless communication device (e.g., a BS or UE) can use method 300 to determine which channel access procedure(s) to use for channel access in an unlicensed frequency band (e.g., mmWave range or sub-THz range). In some aspects, the wireless communication device can be a BS similar to BS105, 205, and / or 1200, and can utilize one or more components (such as references) Figure 12 The processor 1202, memory 1204, jamming module 1208, transceiver 1210, modem 1212, and one or more antennas 1216) perform the actions of method 300. In other aspects, the wireless communication device may be similar to a UE such as UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1300, and may utilize one or more components (such as reference...) Figure 13 The processor 1302, memory 1304, jamming module 1308, transceiver 1310, modem 1312, and one or more antennas 1316) perform the actions of method 300.

[0070] In block 310, the wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or UE 115, 215) can determine whether a narrow beam condition is met. For example, the wireless communication device can determine whether the beam characteristics of the transmit beam to be used for an upcoming transmission meet (e.g., are less than) a certain threshold. For example, techniques for determining whether the wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or UE 115, 215) meets interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions) can be based on a comparison of the cumulative distribution of signal measurements of the transmit beam of the wireless device with a reference probability distribution. In some aspects, the wireless communication device can determine whether the beamwidth (e.g., half-power beamwidth) of the beam meets a threshold. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device can determine whether the transmit power of the beam meets a threshold. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication device can determine whether the beam dwell time or the beam duty cycle meets a threshold. For example, if the beamwidth is less than a certain threshold, if the transmit power is less than a certain threshold, and / or if the beam dwell time is less than a certain threshold, then the transmit beam meets the narrow beam condition. Conversely, if the beamwidth exceeds a certain threshold, if the transmit power exceeds a certain threshold, and / or if the beam dwell time exceeds a certain threshold, the transmit beam may not meet the narrow beam condition.

[0071] In block 320, if the narrow beam condition is met, the wireless communication device can utilize a first set of channel access procedures. In some aspects, the first set of channel access procedures may include channel access without performing LBT and / or long-term sensing. In some aspects, the first set of channel access procedures may also include various restrictions on the transmit power, transmission duty cycle, and / or beam dwell time that the wireless communication device can use.

[0072] While utilizing narrow beam conditions, as in method 300, can reduce the likelihood of beam collision, in some instances, the transmitted beam may include a main lobe and side lobes. For example, a directional antenna array or element may have a target to emit a transmitted beam (RF signal wave) in a specific direction. However, a directional antenna array or element may also generate unwanted or undesirable radiation in directions other than the specific direction (intended direction). That is, the transmitted beam may have a main lobe in a specific direction and side lobes in other directions. The main lobe is configured to have a larger field strength than the other side lobes. Therefore, the transmitted beam may cause interference in directions other than the specific direction in which the transmitted beam is pointed, as will be discussed below. Figure 4 As discussed in the article.

[0073] Figure 4 Communication scenario 400 according to some aspects of this disclosure has been explained. Communication scenario 400 may correspond to the communication scenario between BS105 and / or UE115 in network 100. For simplicity, Figure 4The description includes one BS205 and four UE215s (shown as 215a, 215b, 215c, and 215d), but more UEs 215 (e.g., approximately 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) and / or BS205s (e.g., approximately 2, 3, 4, or more) can be supported. BS205 and UE215 can be similar to BS105 and UE 115, respectively.

[0074] Scenario 400 provides a further explanation of the interference in communication scenario 200, where BS205 uses transmit beamforming to communicate with UE 215a. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the transmit beam (e.g., transmit beam 202) pointing from BS205 to UE 215a may include a main lobe and side lobes. Transmission from the main lobe is shown by a striped pattern filled shape and may be referred to as transmission 410. Transmission from the side lobes is shown by a cross pattern filled shape and may be referred to as transmission 412. Transmission 410 from the main lobe can reach the expected reception (Rx) zone 402 in the far field where UE 215a (the expected receiver) is located. Furthermore, transmission 410 from the main lobe can also reach the unexpected reception (Rx) zone 404 in the far field where UE 215b (the unexpected receiver) is located. Furthermore, transmission 412 from the side lobes can reach the unexpected reception (Rx) zone 406 where UEs 215c and 215d (unexpected receivers) are located.

[0075] Although Figure 2 and Figure 4The explanation states that BS205 uses a single transmit beam 202 to communicate with UE 215a (a single user), but this is not the only possibility. Generally, BS205 can utilize analog and / or digital beamforming to communicate with UE 215 in various configurations. For example, in some scenarios, BS205 can transmit a single data stream to a single UE 215 on a single transmit beam. In some scenarios, BS205 can transmit multiple data streams to a single UE 215 on a single transmit beam, for example, in a single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) configuration. In some scenarios, BS205 can transmit multiple data streams on a single transmit beam, where each data stream is used for a different UE 215, for example, in a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) configuration. In some scenarios, BS205 can transmit a single data stream to a single UE 215 on multiple transmit beams. In some instances, the BS 205 can transmit multiple data streams to a single UE 215 across multiple transmit beams (in a SU-MIMO configuration). In some scenarios, the BS 205 can transmit multiple data streams to multiple UEs 215 across multiple transmit beams, where each UE 215 can receive one or more data streams (in a MU-MIMO configuration).

[0076] Depending on the strength or transmit power of the transmitted beam, the geometry of the main lobe and / or side lobes of the transmitted beam, and / or the interference tolerance level of the UEs (e.g., UEs 215b, 215c, and / or 215d) located in unintended reception zones (e.g., zones 404 and 406), the transmitted beam may interfere with and degrade the communication of those UEs in the unintended reception zones. Therefore, in an interference context, the narrowness of the beam occupancy area can take into account not only the specific direction from the main lobe but also all spatial directions including the side lobes.

[0077] As discussed above, wireless devices (such as BS105 and 205, and UE 115 and 215) can apply analog and / or digital beamforming to direct RF transmissions toward a target receiver. Directing the RF transmit beam in a specific direction may require narrowing the beamwidth. In some instances, narrowing the beamwidth can reduce interference to wireless devices outside the beam. The following... Figure 5-8 A method for measuring the width of an RF transmit beam is described. The width of the RF beam can determine the method used by a wireless device to access a wireless channel.

[0078] Figure 5A direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup 500 for a wireless device according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. The measurement setup 500 can be adopted by a BS (such as BS105, 205) and UE (such as UE 115, 215) in a network (such as network 100) for communication. The description of the measurement setup 500 described below relates to measuring the RF radiated from a device under test (DUT) such as UE 115, 215. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the measurement setup 500 can be applied to any wireless device. For example, the measurement setup 500 can be applied to BS105, 205. The measurement setup 500 can be applied to measure a transmit beam 524 generated by UE 115. For example, the measurement setup 500 can measure the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmit beam 524 at multiple spatial locations relative to UE 115. In some instances, the EIRP can be measured according to the methods described in 3GPP specification TR 38.810.

[0079] In some instances, the measurement setup 500 can be configured as follows: Figure 5 The sphere 520 is shown. The measurement setup 500 may include several RF sensors (e.g., receiving antennas and RF processors) 522(1)...522(n), which are configured at a set of locations on the sphere 520 to measure the EIRP (e.g., RF energy) radiated from the UE 115. Reference will be made below. Figures 6A-6B As described in detail in 7A-7B, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can be located on (e.g., spatially distributed) a sphere 520 using different spacing configurations. In some aspects, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may include an array of discrete receiving antennas and an RF processor arranged in the sphere 520. In other aspects, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may include an array of discrete receiving antennas, an RF front end, and a processor. In some instances, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may be part of a wireless device such as BS105, 205, or UE 115, 215. RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can record measurements of the signal associated with the transmit beam 524. The recorded measurements can be processed to determine whether UE 115 meets interference conditions based on the recorded signal measurements. Each measurement may be recorded at a location on the sphere 520. For example, each position can be defined by the azimuth angle relative to axis N and the elevation angle relative to axis Z.

[0080] Figure 6AA direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup 600 for a wireless device according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. The measurement setup 600 can be adopted by a BS (such as BS105, 205) and UE (such as UE 115, 215) in a network (such as network 100) for communication. The description of the measurement setup 600 described below relates to measuring the RF radiated from a device under test (DUT) such as UE 115, 215. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the measurement setup 600 can be applied to any wireless device. For example, the measurement setup 600 can measure the EIRP of a transmit beam 524. In some instances, the measurement setup 600 can be spatially configured as follows: Figure 6A The sphere 520 is shown. The measurement setup 600 may include several RF sensors (e.g., receiving antennas and RF processors) 522(1)...522(n) configured at a set of locations to measure the RF energy radiated from the wireless device.

[0081] In any spatial configuration, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can be located on the surface of sphere 520 (e.g., distributed across the surface of sphere 520). RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can include an array of discrete receiving antennas and an RF processor arranged within sphere 520. Each measurement can be recorded at a location on sphere 520. For example, each location can be defined by an azimuth angle relative to axis N and an elevation angle relative to axis Z (e.g., discrete elevation angles, each defining the plane). Figure 6B In some embodiments, the constant step-size grid has uniformly distributed azimuth and elevation angles. For example, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may be distributed in a uniform planar manner (e.g., constant step size) such that for each configured plane (XN plane) along the Z-axis. RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may be located within each configured plane (each configured plane has the same elevation angle) and have different azimuth angles. The differences in azimuth angles between RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may be the same (e.g., uniformly spaced). In some instances, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may be part of a wireless device such as BS105, 205. RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) may record measurements (e.g., EIRP) of signals associated with a transmit beam (e.g., transmit beam 524). The recorded measurements can be processed to determine whether a wireless device (e.g., UE 115) meets interference conditions based on the recorded signal measurements.

[0082] Figure 6BA direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup 602 for a wireless device according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. The measurement setup 602 can be used by a BS (such as BS105, 205) and UE (such as UE 115, 215) in a network (such as network 100) for communication. The description of the measurement setup 602 relates to measuring the RF radiated from the device under test (DUT) (such as UE 115, 215). However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the measurement setup 602 can be applied to any wireless device. For example, the measurement setup 602 can be applied to BS105, 205. For example, the measurement setup 602 can measure the EIRP of a transmit beam 524. In some instances, the measurement setup 602 can be configured as follows: Figure 6B The sphere 520 is shown. Measurement setup 602 may include several RF sensors (e.g., receiving antennas and RF processors) 522(1)...522(n) configured at a set of locations to measure RF energy radiated from UE 115. Blocks 625(1)...625(n) may represent blocks (e.g., regions) in which RF sensors 522(1)...525(n) respectively measure RF parameters associated with a transmit beam (e.g., transmit beam 524) radiated from the wireless device. Blocks 625(1)...625(n) may be shaped as polygons and configured as Voronoi regions.

[0083] Figure 7A A direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup 700 for a wireless device according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. The measurement setup 700 can be adopted by a BS (such as BS105, 205) and UE (such as UE 115, 215) in a network (such as network 100) for communication. The description of the measurement setup 700 described below relates to measuring RF radiated from a device under test (DUT) such as UE 115, 215. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the measurement setup 700 can be applied to any wireless device. For example, the measurement setup 700 can be applied to BS105, 205. For example, the measurement setup 700 can measure the EIRP of a transmit beam 524. In some instances, the measurement setup 700 can be spatially configured as follows: Figure 7A The sphere 520 is shown. The measurement setup 700 may include several RF sensors (e.g., receiving antennas and RF processors) 522(1)...522(n) configured at a set of locations to measure the RF energy radiated from the UE 115.

[0084] RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can be located on the surface of sphere 520 (e.g., distributed across the surface of sphere 520). Measurement setup 700 can be configured similarly to measurement setup 600, except for the arrangement of the positions of the RF sensors 522(1)...522(n). Figure 6A The arrangement is the opposite of what is shown in the text. Figure 6A In this arrangement, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) are arranged in a uniform planar manner such that for each plane in the Z-axis, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) can be located in each plane having the same elevation angle and different azimuth angles. Figure 7A In the sphere 520, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the sphere 520. Figure 7A The equidistant arrangement of the RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) in the sphere 520 can provide a more uniform measurement of the transmitted beam within the sphere 520.

[0085] Figure 7B A direct far-field (DFF) measurement setup 702 for a wireless device according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. Measurement setup 702 can be employed by a BS (such as BS105, 205) and UE (such as UE 115, 215) in a network (such as network 100). Measurement setup 702 can be configured similarly to measurement setup 602, except for the arrangement of the positions of the RF sensors 522(1)...522(n). Figure 6B The arrangement is the opposite of what is shown in the text. Figure 7B In the middle, RF sensors 522(1)...522(n) are arranged at equal intervals. Therefore, blocks 625(1)...625(n) representing the regions in which RF sensors 522(1)...525(n) respectively measure RF parameters can be arranged according to the equal intervals of RF sensors 522(1)...525(n). Figure 7B The blocks 625(1)...625(n) in the middle can also be shaped into polygons and configured as Voronoi regions.

[0086] Figure 8This is a sequence diagram illustrating a narrow beam interference test method 800 according to some aspects of this disclosure. Method 800 can be implemented between test equipment 804 and a device under test (DUT) 802. In some aspects, test equipment 804 can be a wireless communication device test apparatus, and DUT 802 can be a BS similar to BS 105 and / or 205 or a UE similar to UE 115 and / or 215. In other aspects, test equipment 804 can be a BS similar to BS 105 and / or 205, and DUT 802 can be a UE similar to UE 115 and / or 215. In some aspects, method 800 can be combined with the foregoing references. Figure 5 , 6A The measurements discussed in 6B, 7A, and / or 7B are implemented using settings 500, 600, 602, 700, and / or 702. In some respects, the test apparatus 804 can be similar to... Figure 11 The BS1100, and can utilize one or more components (such as references) Figure 11 The processor 1102, memory 1104, jamming module 1108, transceiver 1110, modem 1112, and one or more antennas 1116) perform the actions of method 800. In other respects, the DUT 802 may be similar to... Figure 12 Wireless communication device 1200, and can utilize one or more components (such as reference) Figure 12 The processor 1202, memory 1204, jamming module 1208, transceiver 1210, modem 1212, and one or more antennas 1216) perform the actions of method 800. As explained, method 800 includes several enumerated actions, but aspects of method 800 may include additional actions before, after, and between these enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of these enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.

[0087] In action 805, DUT 802 transmits and test equipment 804 receives one or more signals associated with beam parameters. DUT 802 can use a certain transmit beam to transmit the one or more signals. The beam parameter can be designated j, which represents a beam characteristic, such as beam direction. That is, DUT 802 uses transmit beam j to transmit the one or more signals. For example, DUT 802 can use transmit beam j to transmit the first signal of the one or more signals, use the same transmit beam j to transmit the second signal of the one or more signals, and so on. In some instances, transmit beam j can be similar to the referenced above. Figure 2 The transmitted beam 202 discussed above is referenced. Figure 4 The transmitted beams with main lobes and side lobes discussed above, or as mentioned in the reference above... Figure 5The transmitted beam 524 is discussed. The transmitted beam j can originate from a beam set denoted as B, each beam having different beam characteristics (e.g., each beam with a different beam direction has a different azimuth and / or a different elevation angle). The beam set B can have N beams (e.g., beam 1, beam 2, ..., beam N). In some aspects, DUT 802 can generate the transmitted beam set B based on a beamcodebook. The beamcodebook can include various beamforming parameters, such as phase parameters and / or gain parameters for configuring antenna panels, antenna arrays, and / or antenna elements at DUT 802 to generate the transmitted beam set B. The one or more signals can include any suitable beam measurement signal, such as CSI-RS, SSB, and / or any predetermined waveform signal that can facilitate received signal measurements (e.g., EIRP) at test equipment 804.

[0088] In response to receiving one or more signals from DUT 802, test equipment 804 can determine a signal measurement for at least one of the received signals at each of a plurality of locations. Each of the plurality of measurement locations can be at an elevation angle represented by θ and an azimuth angle represented by φ relative to DUT 802. In some aspects, the plurality of locations can be associated with a spherical coverage of DUT 802. In this regard, DUT 802 can be positioned at a location, and the plurality of locations can be distributed across the surface of a spherical space (e.g., sphere 520) surrounding DUT 802, for example, similar to the above reference. Figure 5 The measurement setup under discussion is 500. These multiple locations can be arranged in a variety of arrangements. In some respects, these multiple locations can be planar homogeneous, such as... Figures 6A-6B As shown. In other respects, these multiple locations can be spherically uniform, such as... Figures 7A-7B As shown.

[0089] Generally, these multiple locations can be arranged in any suitable manner. For example, the multiple locations can be spaced apart from each other by any suitable distance (e.g., uniform or non-uniform). That is, the elevation and / or azimuth angles of the multiple locations can have any suitable granularity or step size. Furthermore, the multiple locations can cover any suitable angular spatial sector of the DUT 802. That is, the multiple locations can be defined using any suitable range of azimuth and / or elevation angles. For example, in some aspects, the multiple locations can be distributed within a certain spatial sector of interest for the operation of the DUT 802. As an example, when the DUT 802 is a BS such as BS105 or 205, and the BS is to be deployed in an area covered by three cells, the multiple locations for signal measurement can be within -60 degrees to +60 degrees in the azimuth direction based on the field of view of the cells served by the BS. In some aspects, the measurement range and / or granularity in the azimuth and elevation directions can be determined based on the specification of the operating frequency band or any other suitable operating parameters associated with the DUT 802.

[0090] In some aspects, the test equipment 804 may include RF sensors or transmit-receive points (TRPs) located at the plurality of locations. Therefore, the test equipment 804 can simultaneously measure the signal received from the DUT 802 at each of the plurality of locations. In other aspects, for each measurement, the test equipment 804 can be repositioned to different locations among the plurality of locations. In such a test setup, the DUT 802 can repeatedly transmit the same signal using the same transmit beam, allowing the test equipment 804 to determine the signal measurement at each of the plurality of locations.

[0091] As shown in the figure, in action 810, the test device 804 determines and records a signal measurement at a first position among the plurality of positions for at least one of the one or more received signals. This signal measurement can be the received signal power or EIRP of at least one of the one or more received signals. As explained above, each of the plurality of positions can have an elevation angle θ and an azimuth angle φ relative to the DUT 802. Therefore, the signal measurement at the first position can be represented by R_(φ(1),θ(1)) or simplified to R_1.

[0092] In action 820, test equipment 804 determines and records a signal measurement at a second position of the plurality of positions for at least one of the one or more received signals. This signal measurement may be the received signal power or EIRP of at least one of the one or more received signals. The signal measurement at the second position may be represented by R_(φ(2),θ(2)) or simplified to R_2.

[0093] Test equipment 804 may continue to determine signal measurements for at least one of the one or more received signals at each of the plurality of locations until a signal measurement is collected at each of the plurality of locations. As an example, the number of the plurality of locations is L. Therefore, in action 830, test equipment 804 determines and records a signal measurement for one or more received signals at the Lth location of the plurality of locations. This signal measurement may be the received signal power or EIRP of at least one of the one or more received signals. The signal measurement at the Lth location can be represented by R_(φ(L),θ(L)) or simplified to R_L. That is, at the end of action 830, test equipment 804 may have acquired and recorded L signal measurements (one signal measurement at each of the plurality of locations). The set containing the L signal measurements of the transmitted beam j at the plurality of locations can be represented by Ej = {R_1,R_2,…,R_L}.

[0094] In action 835, DUT 802 determines whether there are more transmit beams in beam set B to be measured (for testing). If there are more transmit beams in beam set B, DUT 802 can return to action 805 and use the next transmit beam in beam set B (e.g., beam j+1) to transmit one or more signals. If all N transmit beams in beam set B have been measured, DUT 802 can terminate all test transmissions, as shown in action 838.

[0095] In action 840, test equipment 804 determines whether there are additional transmit beams in beam set B to be tested or measured. If there are additional transmit beams in beam set B, test equipment 804 may repeat actions 810-830 to determine, at each of multiple locations, a signal measurement for at least one of one or more received signals associated with the next transmit beam (e.g., beam j+1) of DUT 802. If all transmit beams in beam set B have been measured, test equipment 804 proceeds to action 845.

[0096] In action 845, after recording signal measurements at each of multiple locations for each transmitted beam in beam set B, test equipment 804 determines the CDF of the signal measurements for each beam j. Signal measurements for all transmitted beams can be performed by... Let E1 represent the set of signal measurements of the first transmitted beam (in beam set B) measured at the plurality of locations, E2 represent the set of signal measurements of the second transmitted beam (in beam set B) measured at the plurality of locations, and so on.

[0097] The CDF of a random variable X can be represented by F(x), where F(x) = Pr(X ≤ x), which is the probability that X is less than or equal to x. In some respects, for each transmission j, the test device 804 can calculate the CDF of Ej by calculating the probability distribution function (PDF) of the corresponding set of signal measurements and then calculating the cumulative probability based on the PDF. An example of the CDF of signal measurements is provided in the reference [reference needed]. Figure 9 It is shown and discussed.

[0098] In action 850, test equipment 804 determines whether interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions) are met for each transmitted beam j.

[0099] In some instances, the CDF of a recorded EIRP can be compared with a reference CDF to determine whether DUT 802 meets the interference conditions. The reference CDF can be the CDF of a narrow-beam signal that meets the interference conditions. For example, the reference CDF could be a CDF from a previously recorded set of EIRPs that meet the interference conditions. As another example, the reference CDF can be used to customize the test criteria (e.g., 3GPP standards) for CDFs that meet the interference conditions. In some instances, the reference CDF can be part of a set of reference CDFs that meet the interference conditions. For example, the reference CDF set could include reference CDFs matched to specific operating conditions (e.g., operating frequency, mobility conditions, radio device type, device power level, service level, interference level tolerance, etc.) and scenarios (e.g., the density of radio devices in the area of ​​DUT 802).

[0100] A narrow beam metric (e.g., beam b) can be defined as the distance between the k-th percentile of C_j and the k-th percentile of R_cdf, where R_cdf is the CDF of the reference beam, i.e., M_(j,1) = k_1th.tile.C_j - k_1th.tile.R_cdf and M_(j,2) = k_2th.tile.C_j - k_2th.tile.R_cdf. Here, C_j can be the CDF of a set of recorded signal measurements (e.g., EIRP) recorded for N different signal beams (i.e., beam 1, ..., beam N), as described above in actions 805 to 840. Narrow beam conditions that can satisfy interference conditions may include the condition that M_(j,1) is less than a predefined threshold (e.g., d_1,1). Additionally or alternatively, narrow beam conditions that can satisfy interference conditions may include multiple conditions. For example, a narrow beam condition satisfying the interference condition may include M_(j,1) being less than a predefined threshold (e.g., d_1,1) and M_(j,2) being less than a predefined threshold (e.g., d_1,2). Although the previous condition required that the distance between the k-th percentile of C_j (e.g., the CDF of the beam transmitted by DUT 802) and the k-th percentile of R_cdf (e.g., the reference CDF) be less than two corresponding thresholds, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and any number of percentiles on the CDF can be compared to the thresholds. (Refer to above) Figure 3 As described, the channel access procedure can be based on a comparison of the CDF of the DUT 802 beam with a reference CDF. For example, if the transmit beam b meets the interference conditions, the DUT 802 can suppress LBT and / or long-term sensing before accessing the radio channel. As another example, if the transmit beam b does not meet the interference conditions, the DUT 802 can perform LBT and / or long-term sensing before accessing the radio channel.

[0101] Additionally or alternatively, the criteria used in action 850 to satisfy the interference condition (e.g., a narrow beam metric) can be based on a divergence metric. The narrow beam metric can be defined as a divergence measure between C_j (the CDF of beam b transmitted from DUT 802) and R_cdf (a reference CDF). Divergence metrics may include, but are not limited to, Kullback-Liebler divergence measurement, Wasserstein distance, normalized mean difference, normalized variance difference, energy difference, Jensen-Shannon divergence measurement, Kellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance, etc. The divergence metric can be expressed as M_j = div.metric(C_j, R_cdf), where DUT 802 satisfies the interference condition if M_j is less than a predefined threshold (e.g., d_2). In some instances, the thresholds d_1,1, d_1,2, and d_2 can be considered as target distances associated with the maximum tolerable interference level. In some instances, the thresholds d_1,1, d_1,2, and d_2 can be based on the parameters and / or operating conditions of the DUT 802 (e.g., the power level of the DUT 802).

[0102] Figure 9 Figure 900 illustrates the scheme determined based on interference conditions according to some aspects of this disclosure. Figure 900 illustrates the CDF curve of beam A 902 and the CDF curve of reference beam 906. Beam A 902 can be as described above. Figure 5 , 6A Transmit beam 524 is described in 6B, 7A, and 7B. Beam A 902 can be transmitted by a wireless device. For example, beam A 902 can be transmitted by a BS such as BS105 and / or 205 and / or a UE such as UE 115 and / or 215. Reference beam 906 can be a theoretical beam and / or an empirically generated beam that satisfies interference conditions. Beam A 902 can be measured at various points located on a sphere, as described above. Figure 5 , 6A As described in 6B, 7A, and 7B. The CDF of beam A 902 is plotted next to the CDF of reference beam 906, as shown. Figure 9 As shown. In some instances, criteria for determining whether beam A 902 satisfies interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions) may include determining the distance between beam A 902 and reference beam 906. For example, the criterion may require the difference d between beam A 902 and reference beam 906 at the k1 percentile. 1,2 Less than a threshold. As another example, this criterion could require the difference d between beam A 902 and reference beam 906 at the k1 percentile. 1,2 The difference d between beam A 902 and reference beam 906 at the j1 percentile is less than the first threshold.1,1 Less than the second threshold. In some instances, the distance between beam A 902 and reference beam 906 can be determined at multiple points (e.g., different percentiles) along the CDF curve.

[0103] Additionally or alternatively, the criteria used to satisfy interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam metric) can be based on a divergence metric. The narrow beam metric for beam A 902 can be defined as the divergence metric between beam A 902 and reference beam 906. The divergence metric can continuously compare beam A 902 and reference beam 906 at multiple points and / or across the CDF curve. Divergence metrics may include, but are not limited to, Kullback-Liebler divergence measurement, Wasserstein distance, normalized mean difference, normalized variance difference, energy difference, Jensen-Shannon divergence measurement, Kellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance, etc.

[0104] Figure 10 A channel access method 1000 according to some aspects of this disclosure is described. Method 1000 can be employed by a BS such as BS105 and / or 205 and / or a UE such as UE115 and / or 215. Specifically, a wireless communication device (e.g., a BS or UE) can use method 1000 to determine which channel access procedure(s) to use for channel access in an unlicensed frequency band (e.g., mmWave range or sub-THz range). In some aspects, the wireless communication device can be a BS similar to BS105, 205, and / or 1100 and can utilize one or more components (such as references) Figure 11 The processor 1102, memory 1104, jamming module 1108, transceiver 1110, modem 1112, and one or more antennas 1116) perform the actions of method 1100. In other aspects, the wireless communication device may be similar to a UE such as UE 115, 215, and / or wireless communication device 1200, and may utilize one or more components (such as reference...) Figure 12 The processor 1202, memory 1204, jamming module 1208, transceiver 1210, modem 1212, and one or more antennas 1216) perform the actions of method 1000.

[0105] At a higher level, in method 1000, the wireless communication device can utilize the above reference. Figure 8 Similar metrics (e.g., comparing the CDF of the transmitted beam with a reference CDF) and interference conditions discussed in method 800 are used to select the channel access configuration or procedure during operation (e.g., in real time).

[0106] In box 1020, the wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, 1100, UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) can determine whether an interference condition is met. The interference condition may be related to the narrowness of the transmit beam to be used to transmit communication signals. The narrowness of the transmit beam can be determined based on its interference to surrounding nodes. In some instances, the transmit beam may be similar to the referenced above. Figure 2 The transmitted beam 202 discussed above is referenced. Figure 4 The transmitted beams with main lobes and side lobes discussed above are referenced. Figure 5 The transmitted beam 524 discussed, or as mentioned above... Figure 8 The transmitted beam j under discussion. Determining whether interference conditions are met may include: determining whether the distance (e.g., difference, divergence metric) between the kth percentile signal measurement of the transmitted beam at multiple locations and the kth percentile of the reference CDF meets a threshold. The above reference can be used. Figure 8 The method 800 discussed is used to obtain signal measurements of the transmitted beam at the plurality of locations.

[0107] In some aspects, the wireless communication device may have one or more CDF tables 1002 and / or one or more thresholds 1004 stored in the memory of the wireless communication device (e.g., memories 1104 and 1204). For example, in some aspects, the first CDF table 1002 in the CDF table 1002 may be a CDF of a signal measurement associated with a transmitted beam. The first CDF table 1002 may include similar parameters as referenced above. Figure 9 The cumulative probability of the signal measurement for curve 902 under discussion. The wireless communication device can perform a table lookup to obtain the k-th percentile signal measurement from the first CDF table 1002. In some aspects, the wireless communication device can select a threshold from one or more thresholds 1004 for comparison to determine whether an interference condition is met. For example, if the distance between the k-th percentile signal measurement and the k-th percentile of the reference CDF is less than the selected threshold, the transmitted beam meets the interference condition. However, if the distance between the k-th percentile signal measurement and the k-th percentile of the reference CDF is greater than the selected threshold, the transmitted beam does not meet the interference condition. In some aspects, the wireless communication device can determine the value k of the k-th percentile signal measurement to be measured and / or the selected threshold based on the operating parameters and / or conditions of the wireless communication device. Operating parameters and / or conditions may include, but are not limited to, the device power level of the wireless communication device, regulations governing the frequency band to be used for transmitting communication signals, and / or the interference tolerance level of the wireless communication device (e.g., maximum interference tolerance level).

[0108] In some respects, a second CDF table 1002 in one or more CDF tables 1002 may also be associated with a transmit beam (to be used for transmitting communication signals), but may be associated with different operating conditions. For example, a first CDF table 1002 may be used to operate in a frequency band specified by designation A, and a second CDF table 1002 may be used to operate in a frequency band specified by designation B. Thus, the wireless communication device may select a CDF table 1002 from one or more CDF tables 1002 based on the operating condition (to be used for transmission), and may determine the k-th percentile signal measurement from the selected CDF table 1002.

[0109] In block 1020, if the narrow beam condition is met, the wireless communication device can utilize the first set of channel access procedures at block 1025. In some aspects, the first set of channel access procedures may include channel access without performing LBT and / or long-term sensing. In some aspects, at block 1025, the first set of channel access procedures may also include various restrictions on the transmit power, transmission duty cycle, and / or beam dwell time that the wireless communication device can use.

[0110] However, if the narrow beam condition is not met, the wireless communication device can proceed to block 1030. In block 1030, the wireless communication device can utilize a second set of channel access procedures. In some aspects, the second set of channel access procedures may include channel access following successful LBT and / or low-interference detection from long-term sensing. In some aspects, the second set of channel access procedures may also include various restrictions on the transmit power, transmission duty cycle, and / or beam dwell time that the wireless communication device can use.

[0111] Furthermore, in some aspects, when the transmit power intended for transmitting communication signals exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., T_3), the wireless communication device can use a k-th percentile signal measurement to determine whether the wireless communication device meets the interference condition. That is, if the transmit power (to be used for transmitting communication signals) does not exceed the threshold, the wireless communication device can proceed to block 1025 and access the channel for transmitting communication signals using a first set of channel access procedures (e.g., no LBT and / or no long-term sensing).

[0112] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of an exemplary BS1100 according to some aspects of this disclosure. BS1100 can be as follows: Figures 1 to 5The BS105 discussed herein. As shown, the BS1100 may include a processor 1102, a memory 1104, an interference module 1108, a transceiver 1110 including a modem subsystem 1112 and an RF unit 1114, and one or more antennas 1116. These components may be coupled to each other. The term "coupled" may refer to direct or indirect coupling or connection to one or more intermediary components. For example, these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other, for example, via one or more buses.

[0113] Processor 1102 may have various features as a special-purpose processor. For example, these features may include a CPU, DSP, ASIC, controller, FPGA device, another hardware device, firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein. Processor 1102 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0114] Memory 1104 may include cache memory (e.g., cache memory of processor 1102), RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, solid-state memory device, one or more hard disk drives, memristor-based arrays, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or combinations of different types of memory. In some aspects, memory 1104 may include non-transient computer-readable medium. Memory 1104 may store instructions 1106. Instructions 1106 may include causing processor 1102 to perform the operations described herein when executed by processor 1102 (e.g., ...). Figure 1-10 and Figure 12-13 Instructions (in various aspects). Instruction 1106 may also be referred to as program code. Program code can be used to cause a wireless communication device to perform these operations, for example by causing one or more processors (such as processor 1102) to control or command the wireless communication device to do so. The terms "instruction" and "code" should be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement. For example, the terms "instruction" and "code" may refer to one or more programs, routines, subroutines, functions, procedures, etc. "Instruction" and "code" may include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.

[0115] The interference module 1108 may be implemented via hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the interference module 1108 may be implemented as a processor, circuitry, and / or instructions 1106 stored in memory 1104 and executed by processor 1102. In some examples, the interference module 1108 may be integrated within the modem subsystem 1112. For example, the interference module 1108 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or general-purpose processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the modem subsystem 1112. The interference module 1108 may communicate with one or more components of BS 1100 to perform various aspects of this disclosure, such as... Figure 1-10 And all aspects of 13-14.

[0116] In some respects, the interference module 1108 is configured to determine whether a wireless communication device meets interference conditions based on the cumulative distribution of signal measurements at multiple locations and a reference probability distribution. For example, transceiver 1110 can handle multiple beams from wireless devices (e.g., UEs 115, 215). The beams can be processed by processor 1102, as referenced above. Figure 8 As described. The beam can be received by antenna 1116. Beam 1116 can be arranged in a spherical pattern, as referenced above. Figure 5 , 6A As described in 6B, 7A, and 7B. In some instances, processor 1102 can calculate the CDF of the received beam. Processor 1102 can compare the CDF of the received beam with a reference beam, as described above. Figure 9 As described. If the processor 1102 determines that the received beam meets or does not meet interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions), the BS 1100 may transmit a control message to the wireless device that transmitted the beam, indicating whether the beam meets or does not meet interference conditions.

[0117] In some aspects, the interference module 1108 is configured to determine whether the DUT (e.g., DUT 802, UE 115, 215, wireless communication device 1200, BS 105, 205) meets interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions), for example, in compliance testing or manufacturing testing. For example, transceiver 1110 is configured to receive one or more signals associated with beam parameters (e.g., the beam direction of the DUT's transmit beam) from the DUT via antenna 1116. These one or more signals can be received from multiple locations, each at a corresponding azimuth and elevation angle relative to the DUT. In some aspects, antenna 1116 may be arranged as referenced above. Figure 5-7 describes the spherical pattern. In some aspects, antenna 1116 can be arranged in any spatial configuration that supports determining whether the DUT meets interference conditions. Processor 1102 is configured to calculate a signal measurement (e.g., EIRP) at each of a plurality of locations, calculate the CDF of the received signal measurement, and compare the CDF of the received signal measurement with a reference CDF. Processor 1102 is further configured to compare the difference between the CDF of the received signal measurement and the reference CDF with a threshold, as described above. Figure 9 The discussion focuses on the DUT satisfying the interference condition if the difference is less than a threshold. In some aspects, processor 1102 is configured to determine the difference between the CDF measured from the received signal and a reference CDF at multiple percentiles (e.g., the k-th percentile, the j-th percentile, etc.). Processor 1102 can be configured to compare the difference at each of these multiple percentiles with a threshold to determine whether the DUT satisfies the interference condition. Each comparison may use the same threshold or a different threshold for each percentile.

[0118] In some respects, the jamming module 1108 is configured to select a channel access configuration (e.g., channel access parameters or procedures) for transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band using the transmit beam during operation (in real time). For example, the processor 1102 is configured to perform the selection based on a k-th percentile signal measurement of the transmit beam at multiple locations, as referenced above. Figure 10 The signal measurement discussed may include a signal measurement at each of multiple locations. Transceiver 1110 is configured to transmit communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band based on channel access configuration and using a transmit beam. For example, if interference conditions are met, transceiver 1110 may use the transmit beam to transmit communication signals without performing channel sensing (e.g., LBT or long-term sensing). However, if interference conditions are not met, transceiver 1110 may perform LBT and / or long-term sensing before using the transmit beam to transmit communication signals.

[0119] In some respects, one or more CDF tables for signal measurements are stored in memory 1104, and interference module 1108 is configured to obtain the kth percentile signal measurement by performing a table lookup on the stored CDF tables.

[0120] As shown in the figure, transceiver 1110 may include modem subsystem 1112 and RF unit 1114. Transceiver 1110 may be configured to communicate bidirectionally with other devices (such as UE 115 and / or BS1100 and / or another core network element). Modem subsystem 1112 may be configured to modulate and / or encode data according to MCS (e.g., LDPC decoding scheme, turbo decoding scheme, convolutional decoding scheme, digital beamforming scheme, etc.). RF unit 1114 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analog conversion, etc.) modulated / encoded data (e.g., narrow transmit beam, interference test beam, RRC configuration, MIB, SIB, PDSCH data and / or PDCCH DCI, etc.) transmitted from modem subsystem 1112 (in out-of-band transmission) or from another source (such as UE 115, 215, and / or UE 1500). RF unit 1114 can be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with digital beamforming. Although shown as being integrated together in transceiver 1110, modem subsystem 1112 and / or RF unit 1114 can be separate devices coupled together at BS 1100 to enable BS 1100 to communicate with other devices.

[0121] RF unit 1114 can provide modulated and / or processed data (e.g., data packets (or more generally, data messages containing one or more data packets and other information)) to antenna 1116 for transmission to one or more other devices. Antenna 1116 can further receive data messages transmitted from other devices and provide the received data messages for processing and / or demodulation at transceiver 1110. Transceiver 1110 can provide demodulated and decoded data (e.g., narrow transmit beam, jamming test beam, PUSCH data, PUCCH UCI, MSG1, MSG3, etc.) to jamming module 1108 for processing. Antenna 1116 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs to maintain multiple transmission links.

[0122] In one aspect, BS1100 may include multiple transceivers 1110 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In another aspect, BS1100 may include a single transceiver 1110 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In yet another aspect, transceiver 1110 may include various components, wherein different combinations of the components can implement different RATs.

[0123] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication device 1200 according to some aspects of this disclosure. The wireless communication device 1200 may be as described above... Figure 1-5The UE 115 discussed herein. As shown, the wireless communication device 1200 may include a processor 1202, a memory 1204, an interference module 1208, a transceiver 1210 including a modem subsystem 1212 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 1214, and one or more antennas 1216. These components may be coupled to each other. The term "coupled" may refer to direct or indirect coupling or connection to one or more intermediary components. For example, these components may communicate directly or indirectly to each other, for example, via one or more buses.

[0124] Processor 1202 may include a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), controller, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, other hardware device, firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein. Processor 1202 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0125] Memory 1204 may include cache memory (e.g., cache memory of processor 1202), random access memory (RAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state memory device, hard disk drive, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or combinations of different types of memory. In one aspect, memory 1204 includes a non-transient computer-readable medium. Memory 1204 may store or have instructions 1206 recorded thereon. Instructions 1206 may include, when executed by processor 1202, causing processor 1202 to perform actions referenced herein to UE 115 or anchored in connection with aspects of this disclosure (e.g., ...). Figure 1-5 Instructions describing the operations in various aspects. Instruction 1206 can also be referred to as code, which can be broadly interpreted as including, as referenced above. Figure 14 Any type of computer-readable statement discussed.

[0126] The jamming module 1208 may be implemented via hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the jamming module 1208 may be implemented as a processor, circuitry, and / or instructions 1206 stored in memory 1204 and executed by processor 1202. In some aspects, the jamming module 1208 may be integrated within the modem subsystem 1212. For example, the jamming module 1208 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or general-purpose processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the modem subsystem 1212. The jamming module 1208 may communicate with one or more components of the wireless communication device 1200 to perform various aspects of this disclosure, such as... Figure 1-10 And all aspects of 13-14.

[0127] In some respects, the interference module 1208 is configured to determine whether the wireless communication device 1200 meets interference conditions based on the cumulative distribution of signal measurements at multiple locations and a reference probability distribution. For example, the transceiver 1210 can transmit multiple beams. The beams can be transmitted by the antenna 1216. The beams can be transmitted to the referenced above. Figure 5 , 6A The RF sensors described in 6B, 7A, and 7B are arranged in a spherical pattern. A processor connected to the RF sensor can determine whether the received beam meets or does not meet interference conditions (e.g., narrow beam conditions). The wireless communication device 1200 can receive a control message indicating whether the beam meets or does not meet interference conditions. The wireless communication device 1200 can access the channel based on whether the beam meets or does not meet interference conditions. For example, if the beam meets interference conditions, the wireless communication device 1200 can suppress the execution of LBT and / or LT when accessing the channel.

[0128] In some aspects, the jamming module 1208 is configured to select a channel access configuration (e.g., channel access parameters or procedures) for transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band using the transmit beam (in real time) during operation. For example, the processor 1202 is configured to perform the selection based on a comparison of the cumulative distribution of signal measurements of the transmit beam with a reference probability distribution. The signal measurements may include one signal measurement at each of a plurality of locations. The transceiver 1210 is configured to transmit communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band based on the channel access configuration and using the transmit beam. For example, if jamming conditions are met, the transceiver 1210 may use the transmit beam to transmit communication signals without performing channel sensing (e.g., LBT or long-term sensing). However, if jamming conditions are not met, the transceiver 1210 may perform LBT and / or long-term sensing before using the transmit beam to transmit communication signals.

[0129] In some respects, one or more CDF tables for signal measurements are stored at memory 1204, and interference module 1208 is configured to obtain the kth percentile signal measurement by performing a table lookup on the stored CDF tables.

[0130] As shown, transceiver 1210 may include modem subsystem 1212 and RF unit 1214. Transceiver 1210 may be configured to communicate bidirectionally with other devices (such as BS105 and 1400). Modem subsystem 1212 may be configured to modulate and / or encode data from memory 1204 and / or jamming module 1208 according to modulation and coding schemes (MCS) (e.g., low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding scheme, turbo decoding scheme, convolutional decoding scheme, digital beamforming scheme, etc.). RF unit 1214 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analog conversion, etc.) modulated / coded data (e.g., narrow-beam transmission, PUSCH data, PUCCH UCI, MSG1, MSG3, etc.) or modulated / coded data originating from another source such as UE 115, BS105, or anchor point. RF unit 1214 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with digital beamforming. Although shown as being integrated together in transceiver 1210, modem subsystem 1212 and RF unit 1214 may be separate devices coupled together at wireless communication device 1200 to enable wireless communication device 1200 to communicate with other devices.

[0131] RF unit 1214 may provide modulated and / or processed data (e.g., data packets (or more generally, data messages containing one or more data packets and other information)) to antenna 1216 for transmission to one or more other devices. Antenna 1216 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices. Antenna 1216 may provide received data messages for processing and / or demodulation at transceiver 1210. Transceiver 1210 may provide demodulated and decoded data (e.g., channel access protocols, RRC configurations, MIBs, SIBs, PDSCH data, and / or PDCCH DCIs, etc.) to jamming module 1208 for processing. Antenna 1216 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs to maintain multiple transmission links.

[0132] In one aspect, the wireless communication device 1200 may include multiple transceivers 1210 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In another aspect, the wireless communication device 1200 may include a single transceiver 1210 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE). In yet another aspect, the transceiver 1210 may include various components, wherein different combinations of the components can implement different RATs.

[0133] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method 1300 according to some aspects of this disclosure. Aspects of method 1300 can be performed by a computing device of a wireless communication apparatus (e.g., a processor, processing circuitry, and / or other suitable components) or other suitable means for performing the blocks. In one aspect, a wireless communication apparatus (such as UE 115, 215, or wireless communication apparatus 1200) can utilize one or more components (such as processor 1202, memory 1204, jamming module 1208, transceiver 1210, modem 1212, RF unit 1214, and one or more antennas 1216) to perform blocks of method 1300. In another aspect, a wireless communication apparatus (such as BS 105, 205, or 1100) can utilize one or more components (such as processor 1102, memory 1104, jamming module 1108, transceiver 1110, modem 1112, RF unit 1114, and one or more antennas 1116) to perform blocks of method 1300. Method 1300 can be employed in… Figure 1-10 A similar mechanism to that described in 14. As explained, method 1300 includes several enumerated boxes, but aspects of method 1300 may include additional boxes before, after, and between these enumerated boxes. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated boxes may be omitted or performed in a different order.

[0134] In block 1310, a wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, or UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) receives one or more signals associated with beam parameters from a second wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200). In some aspects, means for performing the functionality of block 1310 may, but do not necessarily, include, for example, references. Figure 11 The interference module 1108, transceiver 1110, antenna 1116, processor 1102, and / or memory 1104, or reference Figure 12 The interference module 1208, transceiver 1210, antenna 1216, processor 1202, and / or memory 1204.

[0135] In block 1320, a wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, or UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) determines a signal measurement for at least one of the one or more received signals at each of a plurality of locations. In some aspects, means for performing the functionality of block 1320 may, but do not necessarily include, for example, references Figure 11The interference module 1108, transceiver 1110, antenna 1116, processor 1102, and / or memory 1104, or reference Figure 12 The interference module 1208, transceiver 1210, antenna 1216, processor 1202, and / or memory 1204.

[0136] In block 1330, the wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, or UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) determines whether the second wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition based at least in part on the cumulative distribution of signal measurements at the plurality of locations and a reference probability distribution. In some aspects, means for performing the functionality of block 1330 may, but do not necessarily include, for example, a reference... Figure 11 The interference module 1108, transceiver 1110, antenna 1116, processor 1102, and / or memory 1104, or reference Figure 12 The interference module 1208, transceiver 1210, antenna 1216, processor 1202, and / or memory 1204.

[0137] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method 1400 according to some aspects of this disclosure. Aspects of method 1400 can be performed by a computing device of a wireless communication apparatus (e.g., a processor, processing circuitry, and / or other suitable components) or other suitable means for performing the blocks. In one aspect, a wireless communication apparatus (such as UE 115, 215, or wireless communication apparatus 1200) can perform blocks of method 1400 using one or more components (such as processor 1202, memory 1204, jamming module 1208, transceiver 1210, modem 1212, RF unit 1214, and one or more antennas 1216). In another aspect, a wireless communication apparatus (such as BS 105, 205, or 1100) can perform blocks of method 1400 using one or more components (such as processor 1102, memory 1104, jamming module 1108, transceiver 1110, modem 1112, RF unit 1114, and one or more antennas 1116). Method 1400 can be employed in… Figure 1-10 A similar mechanism to that described in 13. As explained, method 1400 includes several enumerated boxes, but aspects of method 1400 may include additional boxes before, after, and between these enumerated boxes. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated boxes may be omitted or performed in a different order.

[0138] In block 1410, a wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, or UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) selects a channel access configuration for transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band using a transmit beam, wherein this selection is based at least in part on a cumulative distribution of signal measurements and a reference probability distribution, wherein the signal measurements include one signal measurement at each of a plurality of locations. In some aspects, means for performing the functionality of block 1410 may, but not necessarily, include, for example, a reference... Figure 11 The interference module 1108, transceiver 1110, antenna 1116, processor 1102, and / or memory 1104, or reference Figure 12 The interference module 1208, transceiver 1210, antenna 1216, processor 1202, and / or memory 1204.

[0139] In block 1420, a wireless communication device (e.g., BS105, 205, or 1100, or UE 115, 215, or wireless communication device 1200) is configured to access the channel and uses the transmit beam to transmit communication signals in the unlicensed frequency band. In some aspects, means for performing the functionality of block 1420 may, but do not necessarily include, for example, references to... Figure 11 The interference module 1108, transceiver 1110, antenna 1116, processor 1102, and / or memory 1104, or reference Figure 12 The interference module 1208, transceiver 1210, antenna 1216, processor 1202, and / or memory 1204.

[0140] Further aspects of this disclosure include the following:

[0141] Aspect 1 includes a wireless communication method performed by a first wireless communication device, the method comprising: receiving one or more signals associated with beam parameters from a second wireless communication device; determining signal measurements for at least one of the one or more received signals at each of a plurality of locations; and determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition based at least in part on a cumulative distribution and a reference probability distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of locations.

[0142] Aspect 2 includes the method of aspect 1, wherein the plurality of locations are associated with spherical coverage of a second wireless communication device.

[0143] Aspect 3 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of locations includes: determining the signal measurement at the corresponding azimuth and elevation angles relative to the second wireless communication device.

[0144] Aspect 4 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of locations includes: determining the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the at least one received signal.

[0145] Aspect 5 includes a method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies an interference condition includes: determining whether the difference between the kth percentile signal measurement in the signal measurements at the plurality of locations and the kth percentile of the reference probability distribution satisfies a threshold.

[0146] Aspect 6 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the threshold is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

[0147] Aspect 7 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the value of the kth percentile of the measurement and reference probability distribution for the kth percentile signal is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

[0148] Aspect 8 includes a method of any one of Aspects 1-6, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition further includes: determining whether the difference between the kth percentile signal measurement at the plurality of locations and the kth percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a first threshold; and determining whether the difference between the jth percentile signal measurement at the plurality of locations and the jth percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a second threshold, wherein the value of k is greater than the value of j.

[0149] Aspect 9 includes a method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition includes: determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the narrow beam condition based on a divergence measure between the cumulative distribution of signal measurements at the plurality of locations and a reference probability distribution.

[0150] Aspect 10 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the reference probability distribution satisfies the narrow beam condition.

[0151] Aspect 11 includes the method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the reference probability distribution is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

[0152] Aspect 12 includes a wireless communication method performed by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: selecting a channel access configuration for transmitting a communication signal in an unlicensed frequency band using a transmit beam, wherein the selection is based at least in part on a cumulative distribution and a reference probability distribution of signal measurements, wherein the signal measurements include a signal measurement at each of a plurality of locations; and transmitting the communication signal in the unlicensed frequency band based on the channel access configuration and using the transmit beam.

[0153] Aspect 13 includes the method of aspect 12, wherein the selection of channel access configuration is further based on a comparison of the difference between the cumulative distribution of signal measurements at the plurality of locations and a reference probability distribution and a threshold.

[0154] Aspect 14 includes the method of any of Aspects 12-13, wherein the threshold is based on the operating parameters of the wireless communication device.

[0155] Aspect 15 includes a method of any of Aspects 12-14, wherein the value k of the kth percentile of the signal measurement and reference probability distribution is based on operating parameters associated with the wireless communication device; and the channel access configuration is selected based on the kth percentile of the signal measurement and reference probability distribution.

[0156] Aspect 16 includes the method of any of Aspects 12-15, and further includes determining the kth percentile signal measurement based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signal measurements at the plurality of locations.

[0157] Aspect 17 includes a method of any of Aspects 12-16, wherein determining the kth percentile signal measurement among the signal measurements at the plurality of locations based on the CDF includes performing a table lookup to obtain the kth percentile signal measurement.

[0158] Aspect 18 includes a method of any one of Aspects 12-17, wherein selecting a channel access configuration further includes at least one of: determining whether the difference between the kth percentile signal measurement at the plurality of locations and the kth percentile of a reference probability distribution is less than a first threshold; and determining whether the difference between the jth percentile signal measurement at the plurality of locations and the jth percentile of a reference probability distribution is less than a second threshold, wherein the value of k is greater than the value of j.

[0159] Aspect 19 includes a method of any of Aspects 12-18, wherein transmitting the communication signal includes: using the transmit beam to transmit the communication signal based on the channel access configuration without performing channel sensing.

[0160] Aspect 20 includes the method of any of Aspects 12-19, wherein the channel access configuration is selected based at least in part on the cumulative distribution and reference probability distribution of signal measurements based on the transmit power signal to be used to transmit communication signals satisfying a threshold.

[0161] Aspect 21 includes the method of any of aspects 12-20, wherein the threshold is based on the operating parameters of the wireless communication device.

[0162] Aspect 22 includes a wireless communication device comprising: a transceiver, a memory, and a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory, the wireless communication device being configured to perform any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0163] Aspect 22 includes a wireless communication device comprising: a transceiver, a memory, and a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory, the wireless communication device being configured to perform any one of aspects 12 to 21.

[0164] Aspect 23 includes a non-transient computer-readable medium comprising program code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes a wireless communication device to perform any of the methods of aspects 1-11.

[0165] Aspect 24 includes a non-transient computer-readable medium comprising program code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes a wireless communication device to perform any of the methods of aspects 12-21.

[0166] Aspect 25 includes an apparatus comprising means for performing the methods of any of aspects 1-11.

[0167] Aspect 26 includes an apparatus comprising means for performing the methods of any of aspects 12-21.

[0168] Information and signals can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0169] The various illustrative blocks and modules described herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0170] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the above-described functions may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations. Additionally, as used herein (including in the claims), the use of "or" in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration such as [at least one of A, B, or C] means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0171] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art by this time, and depending on the specific application at hand, many modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to the materials, apparatus, configuration, and methods of use of the devices disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the specific aspects explained and described herein (which are merely examples of this disclosure), but should be fully equivalent to the appended claims and their functional equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method performed by a first wireless communication device, the method comprising: Receive one or more signals associated with beam parameters from a second wireless communication device; At each of the multiple sensor locations, a signal measurement is determined for at least one of one or more received signals; as well as Whether the second wireless communication device meets the interference condition is determined at least in part based on the cumulative distribution and reference probability distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensor locations are associated with the spherical coverage of the second wireless communication device.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of sensor locations comprises: Determine the signal measurements at the corresponding azimuth and elevation angles relative to the second wireless communication device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of sensor locations comprises: Determine the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the at least one received signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition comprises: Determine whether the difference between the kth percentile signal measurement at the location of the plurality of sensors and the kth percentile of the reference probability distribution satisfies a threshold.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the threshold is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the value of the kth percentile signal measurement and the reference probability distribution is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition further comprises: Determine whether the difference between the kth percentile signal measurement at the location of the plurality of sensors and the kth percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a first threshold. as well as Determine whether the difference between the j-th percentile signal measurement at the location of the plurality of sensors and the j-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a second threshold, where the value of k is greater than the value of j.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition comprises: Whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the narrow beam condition is determined based on the divergence measure between the cumulative distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and the reference probability distribution.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference probability distribution satisfies the narrow beam condition.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference probability distribution is based on operating parameters associated with the second wireless communication device.

12. A wireless communication method performed by a wireless communication device, the method comprising: selecting a channel access configuration for transmitting a communication signal in an unlicensed band using a transmit beam, wherein the selection is based at least in part on a cumulative distribution of signal measurements and a reference probability distribution, wherein the signal measurements comprise one signal measurement at each of a plurality of sensor locations; and transmitting the communication signal in the unlicensed band based on the channel access configuration and using the transmit beam.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein selecting the channel access configuration is further based on a comparison of a difference between the cumulative distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and the reference probability distribution to a threshold.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the threshold is based on an operating parameter of the wireless communication device.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein: a value of a k-th percentile signal measurement and a k-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is based on an operating parameter associated with the wireless communication device; and selecting the channel access configuration is based on the k-th percentile signal measurement and the k-th percentile of the reference probability distribution.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining the k-th percentile signal measurement based on a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the k-th percentile signal measurement of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations based on the CDF comprises: performing a table lookup to obtain the k-th percentile signal measurement.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein selecting the channel access configuration further comprises at least one of: determining whether a difference between a k-th percentile signal measurement of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and a k-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a first threshold; and determining whether a difference between a j-th percentile signal measurement of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and a j-th percentile of the reference probability distribution is less than a second threshold, where a value of k is greater than a value of j.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the communication signal comprises: transmitting the communication signal using the transmit beam based on the channel access configuration without performing channel sensing.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein selecting the channel access configuration based at least in part on the cumulative distribution of the signal measurements and the reference probability distribution is based on a transmit power to be used to transmit the communication signal satisfying a threshold.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the threshold is based on an operating parameter of the wireless communication device.

22. A first wireless communication device, comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive, from a second wireless communication device, one or more signals associated with a beam parameter; At each of the multiple sensor locations, a signal measurement is determined for at least one of one or more received signals; as well as Whether the second wireless communication device meets the interference condition is determined at least in part based on the cumulative distribution and reference probability distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations.

23. The first wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein the locations of the plurality of sensors are associated with the spherical coverage of the second wireless communication device.

24. The first wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of sensor locations comprises: Determine the signal measurements at the corresponding azimuth and elevation angles relative to the second wireless communication device.

25. The first wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein determining the signal measurement at each of the plurality of sensor locations comprises: Determine the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the at least one received signal.

26. The first wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein determining whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the interference condition includes: Whether the second wireless communication device satisfies the narrow beam condition is determined based on the divergence measure between the cumulative distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and the reference probability distribution.

27. The first wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein the reference probability distribution satisfies the narrow beam condition.

28. A first wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; transceiver; as well as At least one processor, coupled to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: The channel access configuration for transmitting communication signals in an unlicensed frequency band using a transmit beam is selected based at least in part on the cumulative distribution and reference probability distribution of signal measurements, wherein the signal measurements include one signal measurement at each of a plurality of sensor locations; and Based on the channel access configuration, the communication signal is transmitted in the unlicensed frequency band using the transmit beam.

29. The first wireless communication device of claim 28, wherein selecting the channel access configuration is further based on a comparison of the difference between the cumulative distribution of the signal measurements at the plurality of sensor locations and the reference probability distribution with a threshold.

30. The first wireless communication device of claim 28, wherein transmitting the communication signal comprises: Based on the channel access configuration, the communication signal is transmitted using the transmit beam without performing channel sensing.

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