Actuator for a parking lock

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuator (1) for a parking lock (2), having an actuating element (5) which can be moved axially from a normal position into a deflected position, a first energy storage element (7) for transmitting a storage force (9) with which the actuating element is urged in the direction of the normal position, a stopper element (10), a stopper part (11) corresponding to the stopper element, and a holding element (12) which can be moved between a release position and a locking position, wherein the stopper element and the stopper part are fixed to one another when the actuating element is in the deflected position and the holding element is in the locking position, and the actuating element is held in the deflected position against the storage force of the first energy storage element by means of the stopper element which is fixed in the locking position by the holding element. A second energy storage element (8) is additionally provided by means of which the holding element can be passively held in the locking position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an actuator for a parking lock, comprising:

[0002] - An axial drive device used to transmit axial force;

[0003] - An actuating element having an actuating shaft, the actuating element being able to move axially from a normal position to an oblique position by means of the axial force of an axial drive device;

[0004] - A first energy storage element for transmitting an opposing stored force, wherein an actuator is propelled by the stored force in the direction of its normal position. The actuator is particularly characterized by the fact that it also provides the following components:

[0005] - Stopper element;

[0006] - The stopper component corresponding to the stopper element; and

[0007] - A retaining element that is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein when the actuating element is in the tilted position and the retaining element is in the locked position, the stop element and the stop component are fixed to each other.

[0008] In this invention, the actuating element is held in an oblique position by means of a stop element that holds the element in a locked position against the storing force of the first energy storage element. The invention also relates to a parking lock for a parking lock device for a transmission, a parking lock device having such a parking lock, a transmission device for a transmission system having such a parking lock device, and a transmission system having such a transmission device. Background Technology

[0009] For example, such parking locks are known from DE 10 2018 115 548 A1. Motor vehicles with parking locks in their normal locking configuration, such as those with so-called drive-by-wire parking locks (i.e., those with a chassis that is blocked in the event of a system failure), must actively remain open while in motion with a constant energy consumption. In the process of vehicle electrification, the energy requirements of all components are considerable for what is achievable, and therefore, energy-efficient operation of parking locks during vehicle movement must be sought.

[0010] An actuation device for a parking lock unit is known from DE 10 2013 213 678 A1, in which a low sustaining current for the electromagnet is required to lock the parking lock unit in the open operating state. Alternatively, the unintentional opening of the parking lock unit can be prevented by using a non-switching state of the electromagnet.

[0011] Continuing thereafter, the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known in the prior art. The features of the invention are derived from the independent claims, and advantageous embodiments are shown in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically reasonable manner and method, wherein the descriptions in the following description including additional embodiments of the invention and the features derived from the drawings may also be used for this purpose. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This invention relates to an actuator for a parking lock, the actuator having at least the following components:

[0013] - An axial drive device used to transmit axial force;

[0014] - An actuating element having an actuating shaft, the actuating element being able to move axially from a normal position to an oblique position by means of the axial force of an axial drive device;

[0015] - A first energy storage element, which transmits a stored force that opposes the axial force, wherein a free actuating element is pushed by the stored force in the direction of its normal position.

[0016] The main feature of the actuator is that it also has at least the following components:

[0017] - Stopper element;

[0018] - The stopper component corresponding to the stopper element; and

[0019] - A retaining element that is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein when the actuating element is in the tilted position and the retaining element is in the locked position, the stop element and the stop component are fixed to each other.

[0020] The actuating element is held in an skewed position by means of a stopper element that holds the element in a locked position to resist the storage force of the first energy storage element.

[0021] In the following text, unless otherwise expressly stated, when using axial, radial, or circumferential directions and their corresponding terms, refer to the stated actuation shaft. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the ordinal numbers used in the preceding and following descriptions are for the purpose of clear distinction only and do not indicate the order or rank of specified components. An ordinal number greater than one does not necessarily imply the presence of another such component.

[0022] The actuators described herein include axial drive devices, such as an electro-actuator with a spindle driver or a driven piston in a fluid actuation system, i.e., a pneumatic or hydraulic actuation system. Axial force can be applied along the actuation axis by means of the axial drive device and can be transmitted to the actuating element. The actuating element is, for example, a stamping device or rod, an axially movable spindle, or an axially movable spindle nut. The actuating element is configured to transmit the axial force of the axial drive device to a locking mechanism. The actuating element is movably guided along the actuation axis and can be axially moved from a (normal) first position to a (skewed) second position by means of the axial drive device. In a preferred embodiment, the actuating element can passively return to the normal position only by the stored force of a first energy storage element, which counteracts the axial force of the axial drive device. Alternatively, the actuating element can additionally return from the skewed position to the normal position by means of the axial drive device. The axial force of the axial drive device, which can be transmitted by means of an actuating element, is configured to overcome the opposing forces of the first energy storage element and the locking mechanism, wherein the (normally locked) locking mechanism is preferably capable of transitioning from a locked state to a free state. Alternatively, the (normally unlocked) locking mechanism can, conversely, transition from a free state to a locked state. The (first) energy storage element is designed, for example, as a helical compression spring, a disc spring, a magnetic spring, or a pneumatic spring. The first energy storage element is preferably designed as a helical compression spring having a spring shaft parallel to or coaxial with the actuation shaft.

[0023] To enable the maintenance of the various states of the locking mechanism with minimal energy, a stop element is proposed herein, which is configured to interact with a corresponding stop component in such a manner that a frictional and / or absolute connection is formed. In one embodiment, the stop element is fixed to an axial drive or an actuating element, and the stop component is axially fixed to the reverse bearing of the axial drive at least during the deflection position of the actuating element. Alternatively, this is accomplished in the reverse manner. In one embodiment, the stop element is formed by at least one tab having contact points, wherein the contact points can contact the corresponding stop component to apply a retaining force. In one embodiment, an additional (preferably switchable) magnetic (stopping) force is generated, which supports the stopping force generated by form-fitting and / or frictional fit. In one embodiment, the stopping force is a force that supplements the axial force, and the axial force required to overcome the aforementioned opposing stored force can be reduced by means of the stopping force or while maintaining the stopping force, and thus the energy consumption of the actuator is reduced. In another embodiment, the stopping force (in the absence of engagement of retaining elements) is so small as to be negligible, wherein, preferably, no magnetic force is provided between the stop element and the corresponding stop component.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the corresponding stop component (or stop element) (fixed in the skewed position) is axially fixed and thus fixed relative to the reverse bearing of the axial drive (e.g., the fluid cylinder of the driven piston). In an alternative embodiment, the corresponding stop component may move with the axial drive or with the actuating element and is fixed in a second position by means of a stop.

[0025] To ensure the parking lock remains in its normal state (whether normally locked or normally unlocked), the stopping force must be less than the stored force of the first energy storage element that opposes the axial force of the axial drive (which can be the sum of the opposing forces against the locking mechanism), wherein the opposing (cumulative) force for changing the actuating element from the deflected position to the normal position can be transmitted. In the normal locking configuration of the parking lock, the axial force actively changes the parking lock from the (normal) locked state to the (deflected) free state, wherein the normal position of the actuating element is in the locked state (parking position), and the deflected position corresponds to the free state (drive position). In the normal position, no axial force needs to be applied or not applied, therefore no external energy input from the axial drive is required. The normal position of the actuating element is fixed by means of the stored force of the first energy storage element. An axial force is required to change the actuating element to the deflected position, wherein external energy is consumed for this purpose.

[0026] To ensure sufficient stopping force to hold the actuating element in an off-center position (e.g., where the parking lock is in the drive position under normal locking configuration), a retaining element is also provided. The retaining element is movable between a locked position and a released position. In the locked position, the retaining element fixes the corresponding stop component and stop element in a state corresponding to the off-center position of the actuating element. Force is then transmitted through the retaining element such that the resulting stopping force is sufficient to overcome the force opposing the axial force of the axial drive mechanism. In the case of a purely frictional connection between the stop element and the corresponding stop component, additional retaining force is preferably applied by means of the retaining element, particularly preferably by means of a connecting chain, such as the ramp shape on the retaining element and / or the stop element, to increase frictional adhesion. At least the retaining element forms a form fit with the stop element to prevent the stop element from deviating. (In the absence of the retaining element's action) the possible release movement is intentional, such that once the retaining element is in the released position and the axial force of the axial drive is sufficiently low, preferably minimal (e.g., zero or negative), the connection between the stop element and the corresponding stop component (under the influence of opposing storage forces or resultant forces) is automatically released.

[0027] In one embodiment, the corresponding stop element is formed by means of an undercut (relative to the actuation shaft), for example, by means of a groove. In one embodiment, the contact point of the stop element is a raised portion, preferably at the end of the stop element designed as a tab, which can be axially lowered behind the undercut, such as the groove, to form a form fit. In one embodiment, the stop element is formed by at least one spring lug having an axial main extension and a radial spring direction. In a preferred embodiment, to avoid tilting forces transverse to the actuation shaft, a symmetrical arrangement about the actuation shaft is formed by some elements of the stop element and the stop component, and preferably by a retaining element, particularly preferably an annular arrangement. For example, the stop element includes a plurality of (preferably spring) tabs, and the corresponding stop component has complementary receiving portions, such as circumferentially opposing surfaces or undercuts (e.g., grooves). The retaining element is then preferably formed similarly in a complementary manner to the plurality of tabs or in an annular shape. The retaining element is particularly preferably arranged radially outward of both the stop element and the stop component. In this case, it is particularly possible to provide that the stopper component is arranged radially inside the stopper element.

[0028] In an embodiment of the actuator according to the invention, a second energy storage element is also provided, by means of which the holding element can be passively held in a locked position.

[0029] In one embodiment, the second energy storage element described herein is supported directly or indirectly on the reverse bearing of the axial drive mechanism of the actuator, such that a pre-holding force is applied to the retaining element. Therefore, the retaining element is passively pre-tensioned in the locked position and can only be actively transitioned to the released position. For parking locks in the normal locking configuration, the actuator is designed such that when external (e.g., electrical) energy is supplied, the retaining element changes from its locked position to its released position, and the axial movement transitions from a (passively tightened) free state to a (normal, i.e., passive) locked state. The opposite is true for parking locks in the normal open configuration.

[0030] Specifically, the driven cylinder can be configured as a reverse bearing. The second energy storage element can be axially positioned along the actuation shaft between the driven cylinder housing and the driven piston for axial displacement of the actuating element. Specifically, the second energy storage element can be arranged coaxially with the actuation shaft between the driven cylinder housing and the retaining element. The driven cylinder housing can be the portion of the housing facing the parking lock or parking lock pawl. Specifically, the second energy storage element can be arranged in a ring around the actuation shaft. The retaining element is held in the locked position by means of the second energy storage element, in such a way that no energy consumption is required to maintain this position. The parking lock can then be maintained in the open operating state without additional energy consumption.

[0031] When the stop element and stop component are in the state corresponding to the deflection position of the actuating element, the actuating element remains in the second position without external energy consumption (i.e., passively). Once the retaining element (actively and against the pre-retaining force of the second energy storage element) moves to the released position, the stop element and stop component release from each other unless sufficient (active) axial force is applied by the axial drive. In the case of latching (groove and tab), the fixation of the stop element and stop component is reversed due to the stored force (of the first energy storage element) opposing the axial force, and the stop element slides out of the stop component.

[0032] The second energy storage element is designed, for example, as a helical compression spring, a disc spring, a magnetic spring, or a pneumatic spring. The second energy storage element is preferably designed as a helical compression spring having a spring shaft parallel to or coaxial with the actuation shaft. For example, the diameter of the second energy storage element is limited by the diameter of the actuator and / or by the wall thickness of the retaining element, such that the energy storage element preferably acts on the retaining element in a radially circumferential manner. In another embodiment, the second energy storage element comprises a plurality of individual springs (preferably helical compression springs) arranged circumferentially and acting on the retaining element at specific points.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuator, it is also proposed that the stop element be securely connected to the actuator element.

[0034] The stopper element preferably includes at least one spring element.

[0035] The spring element can only deflect in the radial direction.

[0036] It is now proposed here that the stop element is rigidly connected to the actuating element. In a fluid implementation of the actuator, the stop element is preferably firmly connected to the driven piston such that when the actuating element is moved from the normal position to the skewed position by means of an axial drive, the stop element also moves axially. In an implementation of the actuator with an electric drive, the stop element is axially fixed by means of a shoulder or by means of an axially movable spindle or an axially movable spindle nut.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, to avoid tilting forces transverse to the actuation axis, the stop element and some elements of the stop component, along with a retaining element, are arranged symmetrically about the actuation axis, particularly preferably in an annular arrangement. For example, the stop element includes multiple (preferably spring-loaded) tabs, and the corresponding stop component has complementary receiving portions, such as circumferentially opposing surfaces or undercuts (e.g., grooves). The retaining element is then preferably formed, similarly, in a complementary manner to the multiple tabs or in an annular shape.

[0038] In an advantageous embodiment, the stop element includes at least one spring element, such as a (sufficiently elastic) protrusion, which preferably has a radial extension between the attachment point and the contact point of the corresponding stop component.

[0039] For example, at least one spring element is made of a metallic material, such as spring steel plate. In another embodiment, the spring element is made of plastic. In a preferred embodiment, at least one spring element is integrally included with a stop element.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the spring element is only capable of deflecting in the radial direction. This means that during the operation of the actuator and therefore during the axial movement of the stop element, only a small (radial) force is required to hold the actuator element in the deflected position.

[0041] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuator, it is also proposed that the stopper component and the stopper element together form a snap-lock closure.

[0042] For example, the snap-lock closure is designed in the form of a hook, undercut, or latching groove, and the spring element is designed in the form of a spring lug. Therefore, the corresponding stop component includes an undercut, latching groove, or (spring-loaded or springless) hook. The stop element includes complementary (spring-loaded or springless) hooks, undercuts, or latching grooves. In a preferred embodiment, the stop component is designed, for example, as a sleeve and positioned coaxially with the actuation shaft. Preferably, a radially projecting raised portion or a circumferential flange (preferably with a ramp on at least one side) is provided in front of the undercut or latching groove (viewed in the opposite direction of movement from the normal position to the deflected position). Alternatively or additionally, a ramp is provided at the front of the (spring-loaded or springless) hook in the direction of opposite movement, and preferably also at the rear. With the ramp, a lower force is required. The ramp increases linearly, for example, or is designed to be rounded.

[0043] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuator, a lifting magnet is also provided, having a coil and a reciprocating piston capable of axial movement by means of a magnetic force generated by the coil, wherein a holding element is securely connected to the axially moving reciprocating piston; and / or

[0044] The actuating element can be fixed in an skewed position independently of the axial drive device.

[0045] In one embodiment, a lifting magnet is provided, comprising a coil and a reciprocating piston capable of axial movement by means of a magnetic force generated by the coil, wherein a holding element is securely connected to the axially moving reciprocating piston. Thus, by energizing the coil, such a magnetic field can induce a magnetic force on the holding element (which can be switched off), causing the holding element to transition from a locked position to a released position when the magnetic force is applied. The magnetic force can be at least partially opposed to a pre-holding force of a second energy storage element. This creates electrically switchable properties that hold the actuating element in a tilted position. In one embodiment, the holding element and the reciprocating piston are integrally formed with each other.

[0046] Alternatively, the lifting magnet, the second energy storage element, and the holding element can all be ring-shaped and arranged coaxially with the actuation shaft, and are axially aligned between the axial drive device or driven piston and the housing wall of the axial drive device or driven cylinder facing the parking lock or parking lock pawl.

[0047] Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment, it is proposed that the actuating element can be fixed in a tilted position (preferably a driven position) independently of the axial drive. For this purpose, the actuating element and the axial drive are designed as multiple parts, preferably two parts. This allows the actuating element to move to the tilted position, for example, when the vehicle is in a passive state (preferably via an unlocking element), without carrying the axial drive, or while the actuating element remains in the tilted position, the axial drive can again have a position corresponding to the normal position.

[0048] In one embodiment, the actuating element is arranged such that it is self-locked in the tilted position, for example by means of a stop element, a stop component, and a retaining element. Alternatively, another means for holding the (separate) actuating element is provided. In the latter case, the axial drive itself is preferably held in the tilted position by means of the stop element, the stop component, and the retaining element, and then the actuating element is fixed in the tilted position only indirectly via the axial drive. The actuating element can then be fixed not only separately from the axial drive but also individually in the tilted position.

[0049] According to another aspect, a parking lock for a parking lock device of a transmission device is proposed, the parking lock having at least the following components:

[0050] - A locking mechanism for locking a locking gear in the torque flow, wherein the locking gear is blocked by the locking mechanism in the locked state during use, and is released in the free state; and

[0051] - An actuator according to the embodiment described above, wherein in the deflected position of the actuating element, the locking mechanism is out of the locked state, and wherein the normal position of the actuating element corresponds to the locked state of the locking mechanism.

[0052] The parking lock proposed herein is configured such that, in the locked state, the locking mechanism blocks the locking gear, and only in the free state is the locking gear released from the locking mechanism. In the free state, the locking gear can rotate freely, for example, in the transmission of a motor vehicle; then the motor vehicle can roll. It should be noted that the locking gear is integrated into the torque flow of the transmission. If the actuating element is introduced into the locked state, the torque flow is locked by means of the locking mechanism and the transmission is blocked. When the locking gear is in the locked state, the motor vehicle cannot roll in such an application in the transmission. The parking lock includes an actuator with an actuating element connected to the locking mechanism. The actuating element is connected to the locking mechanism such that, when the actuating element is in the deflected position, there is a state in the locking mechanism that deviates from the normal state. Therefore, when the parking lock is in the normal locked configuration, the free state can be actively induced by means of the actuator. However, it is not necessary to actively (i.e., under external energy consumption) maintain the state deviating from the normal state, but rather the state is passively maintained by the stop element and stop component with the support of the holding element. For example, by energizing the (optionally) coil of the aforementioned lifting magnet, the stop element is released from the stop component, and the actuating element thus (preferably passively) changes from the deflected position to the normal position. Therefore, the locking mechanism freely returns from the deflected state to the normal state.

[0053] An advantageous embodiment of the parking lock also includes an unlocking element that can move between a normal position and an unlocked position, thereby ensuring that the unlocked position is maintained in the free state of the locking mechanism and the normal position is maintained under the normal locking function of the parking lock.

[0054] The parking lock is actuated, for example, electrically and / or fluidly, such as pneumatically or hydraulically, and if the electronics malfunction or the fluid pressure or volume decreases, the locking mechanism is switched to a normal (preferably locked) state. When the parking lock is in the normal locked configuration, the locking gear is locked. To release it during a passive state (e.g., in a vehicle during production, transport, or in a workshop), it is proposed to provide an unlocking element (e.g., a pivot rod designed to be mounted about a pivot axis) movable between two positions. The unlocking element is configured such that the deflected (e.g., free) state of the locking mechanism can be maintained without external energy consumption when the unlocking element is in the unlocked position. Therefore, in this passive state, it is ensured that the vehicle can still roll when the (normally locked) parking lock is used in the vehicle's transmission. To eliminate this undesirable passive state during parking lock operation, the unlocking element can be deactivated again (preferably repeatedly), that is, the unlocking element can be switched to the normal position.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, a locking element is additionally provided. This locking element is designed to hold the unlocking element in the unlocked position. If the locking element does not hold the unlocking element in the unlocked position, the unlocking element cannot (passively) maintain the free state of the locking mechanism. This means that the unlocked position of the locking mechanism, which is off-center (and therefore, free in the case of the parking lock in its normal locking configuration), can only be adjusted in coordination with the unlocking element and the locking element (permanently).

[0056] According to other aspects, a parking lock device is proposed, which has a locking gear arranged in a lockable torque flow and a parking lock according to the embodiment described above, wherein the locking gear can be blocked by means of a locking mechanism.

[0057] The parking lock device described herein includes a parking lock and a locking gear. The locking gear is integrated into the lockable torque flow of the motor vehicle's transmission system, preferably integrated into the transmission, and can be blocked as described previously.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the parking lock and the locking gear form a structural unit. This structural unit can be delivered and installed as a single component, and can be installed at the intended assembly location, such as in a motor vehicle, without requiring disassembly of the structural unit again. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism and in another embodiment, the locking gear are a single component, while the operating actuator is formed separately, wherein in one embodiment, the operating actuator forms a separate additional component. When installed in the drivetrain of a motor vehicle, for example, the locking gear is arranged such that when the locking mechanism is in the locked state, i.e., the locking gear is blocked, at least one of the consumption devices is prevented from transmitting or absorbing torque.

[0059] According to other aspects, a transmission device for a powertrain is proposed, which has at least the following components:

[0060] - A parking lock device according to the above embodiments;

[0061] - A torque transmission gear, which includes a locking gear; and

[0062] - A transmission housing surrounding a transmission chamber, wherein the parking lock locking mechanism is preferably entirely disposed within the transmission chamber, and particularly preferably the entire parking lock assembly is disposed within the transmission chamber.

[0063] Transmission devices, such as automatic transmissions for motor vehicles, include locking gears. For example, the locking gears form spur gears of a torque transmission gear mechanism designed as a switchable transmission gear mechanism. The transmission device has torque inputs, such as one or more transmission input shafts, and torque outputs, such as one or more transmission output shafts. In the transmission device, torque is distributed as skew, stepped descent, stepped ascent, and / or abrupt removal (as a differential).

[0064] In one embodiment, the transmission is a clutch, such as a friction clutch or claw clutch in torque flow. The torque input is arranged on the drive engine side, and the torque output is arranged on the consumption device side. However, the direction of the torque can also be reversed, from the consumption device (in the case of regeneration) to the drive motor or generator. In an advantageous embodiment of the transmission, a parking lock is also proposed, with its locking mechanism integrated integrally or only in the transmission chamber formed by the transmission housing.

[0065] According to other aspects, a transmission system is proposed, which has at least the following components:

[0066] - At least one drive motor for delivering torque;

[0067] - At least one consumption device for receiving torque; and

[0068] -The transmission device according to the embodiments described above,

[0069] In this configuration, at least one drive unit and at least one consumable device are connected to each other by means of a transmission device in a torque transmission manner.

[0070] In the locked state of the locking mechanism, the torque transmission between the drive motor and at least one consumable device is prevented by means of a parking lock device.

[0071] The transmission system proposed herein includes at least one drive unit, such as an internal combustion engine and / or an electric drive unit, which forms a torque source for torque flow, at least in the primary state. Furthermore, at least one consumable device, such as a propulsion wheel of a motor vehicle, is included, which forms a torque channel for torque flow, at least in the primary state. A transmission device according to the previously described embodiment is inserted, through which the torque flow (preferably across the entire wheel side) is transmitted. When the transmission device is locked, the torque flow is locked, and torque transmission between the torque source and the torque channel in the transmission system is prevented.

[0072] The proposed drivetrain includes a parking lock device that passively maintains both the drive position (free state) and the parking position (locked state) without external energy consumption. Furthermore, using very low power consumption (e.g., a coil of a fully optional lifting magnet), the parking lock's deviated (e.g., free) state can be reversed, and thus, even in the event of electronic failure, the parking lock can be maintained in its normal (e.g., locked) state in almost all situations, for example, by means of a local capacitor as an emergency storage device. Compared to a non-lockable parking lock device, this drivetrain can be designed with the same installation space and only incurs minimal additional cost. Moreover, the drivetrain only operates when the parking lock device is unlocked, resulting in high reliability.

[0073] According to other aspects, a motor vehicle is proposed having at least one drive wheel and a transmission system according to the embodiments described above, wherein, in order to propel the motor vehicle, torque can be transmitted from at least one drive of the transmission system to at least one drive wheel, and in the locked state of the locking mechanism, the rolling of the motor vehicle is prevented by means of a parking lock device.

[0074] Motor vehicles are, for example, passenger cars, trucks, or motorized two-wheelers. Motor vehicles have a transmission system according to an embodiment described above. Torque that can be output from at least one drive motor is output via a transmission to at least one drive wheel (consumption device). The transmission system referred to herein is preferably a shiftable gear transmission. Alternatively, the vehicle transmission system is, for example, a fixed gear transmission, i.e., having an unchangeable transmission, or a differential, or a slipper clutch. The parking lock device proposed herein is preferably designed as described above, and particularly preferably integrated into the transmission system.

[0075] At least one drive wheel can only rotate in the parking position when the parking lock (and the legally required parking brake) is released. Otherwise, refer to the previous description of the parking lock mechanism.

[0076] The proposed drivetrain includes a parking lock device that passively maintains both the drive position (free state) and the parking position (locked state) without external energy consumption. Furthermore, using very low power consumption (e.g., a coil of a fully optional lifting magnet), the parking lock's deviated (e.g., free) state can be reversed, and thus, even in the event of electronic failure, the parking lock can be maintained in its normal (e.g., locked) state in almost all situations, for example, by means of a local capacitor as an emergency storage device. Compared to a non-lockable parking lock device, this drivetrain can be designed with the same installation space and only incurs minimal additional cost. Moreover, the drivetrain only operates when the parking lock device is unlocked, resulting in high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0077] The invention described above will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments, and in light of the relevant technical background. The invention is not limited to the purely schematic drawings, wherein it should be noted that the drawings are not precise in size and are not intended to be limited to a specific scale. In the drawings,

[0078] Figure 1 The locking mechanism of the parking lock in the locked state is shown;

[0079] Figure 2 An actuator with an actuating element in a tilted position is shown;

[0080] Figure 3 It shows according to Figure 2 An actuator having an actuating element in its normal position;

[0081] Figure 4 A retaining element with a stopper element is shown;

[0082] Figure 5 It shows according to Figure 4 The retaining element is in the locked position;

[0083] Figure 6 It shows according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The retaining element in the released position; and

[0084] Figure 7 The transmission system with a parking lock device in a motor vehicle is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0085] Figure 1 The parking lock 2 in its normal locking configuration with the lock in the schematic side view is shown (for comparison). Figure 7 The locking mechanism 21 and the locking gear 22. The locking mechanism 21 includes a parking lock pawl 33, which is mounted such that it can rotate about its pawl axis 34 and is shown here in the locked state. When the locking mechanism 21 is in the locked state, the parking lock pawl 33 engages absolutely with the locking gear 22, thereby blocking the locking gear 22. Then, the transverse member 35 is pushed by a pre-tensioned spring 36 (shown here as a compression spring) to a position where (optionally by means of the transverse member 35 supported on a fixed bracket 37, for example, a part of the gear housing 27, in contrast) Figure 7 The parking pawl 33 is geometrically blocked in the locked state (the teeth on the locking gear 22 are engaged in the gap). In the free state of the transverse member 35 (not shown here), the pre-tension spring 36 is tensioned (as shown, compressed to the left side here). In this embodiment, the parking pawl 33 is lifted out of the tooth gap of the locking gear 22 by means of a release spring 38 (e.g., a torsion spring or a compression spring).

[0086] Under normal conditions, the parking lock pawl 33 can only transition from an engaged (locked) state to a free state by actively actuating the actuator element 5 of the actuator 1 (shown here on the right side of the figure) using an axial force 4 and a pre-tensioning spring 36, the axial force being opposed to the pre-tension of the pre-tensioning spring 36 (shown on the left side) abutting against the transverse member 35. For example, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 The actuator 1 is designed as shown. Therefore, as long as the lateral member 35 is deflected by the actuating element 5 of the actuator 1 and the locking gear 22 can rotate freely about its axle 39, the parking lock pawl 33 remains in the free state.

[0087] In this advantageous embodiment, the parking lock 2 may optionally also include an unlocking element 24, which in the illustrated embodiment is a lever pivotable about a pivot axis 40. Optionally, the pivot axis 40 is movable perpendicular to the actuation axis 6. The unlocking element 24 shown here acts on the transverse member 35 via its actuating end 41 (optionally directly), such that in this embodiment, clockwise pivoting about the pivot axis 40 can release the parking lock pawl 33 from an engaged (locked) state to a free state. The actuation element 5 can be held in its normal position (parking position).

[0088] Figure 2 An actuator 1 with an actuating element 5 in a tilted position is shown in schematic cross-sectional view. The actuator 1 is configured, for example, to... Figure 1 The locking mechanism 21 is actuated. The actuating element 5 can be actively moved along the actuating shaft 6 by means of the axial drive device 3, so that the actuating element 5 can move from right to left as shown in the figure. The axial drive device 3 is designed here as a fluid driven unit, preferably a hydraulic driven unit. Under fluid control, the driven piston 42 in the driven cylinder 43 (reverse bearing 44) is pushed from the normal (here, the first) position to the deflected (here, the second) position. Therefore, as shown, the resulting axial force 4 pushes the actuating element 5 to the left. In this case, the driven unit cannot transmit tension to the actuating element 5. Instead, the actuating element 5 is pre-tensioned to the right by means of the first energy storage element 7 (here, a helical compression spring arranged coaxially with the actuating shaft 6) as shown in the figure. Therefore, the stored force 9, which is opposed to the axial force 4, is applied to the driven piston 42 and thus to the actuating element 5 by means of the first energy storage element 7. Without external energy consumption (here, in the form of fluid pressure), the actuating element 5 has the normal position (see figure). Figure 3 ).

[0089] A stop element 10 is provided here, securely connected to the axial drive 3. The stop element 10 is designed as a latching element, more precisely, as a spring lug(s) with contact points. A corresponding stop component 11 is securely connected to the reverse bearing 44 of the axial drive 3. The stop component 11 is designed as a complementary latch receiving portion, wherein the contact points of the stop element 10 can be secured by means of a corresponding undercut. When a sufficient axial force 4 of the axial drive 3 is applied, the stop element 10 thus preferably slides into the stop component 11, which is designed as a (form-fitting) undercut, in a snap-fit ​​manner. In this case, the stopping force 45 is very small, making it insufficient to resist the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7 alone. Conversely, the storage force 9 is very large, allowing the connection between the stop element 10 and the stop component 11 to be released, thus passively moving the actuating element 5 to its normal position. If sufficient axial force 4 is not generated, the stop element 10 slides out of the stop component 11 and the operating element 5 is in the normal position.

[0090] Because in motor vehicle 32, the skew position (where according to Figure 1 The locking mechanism 21 (in the driven position) is always present during operation, so little or no external energy consumption is desired. For this purpose, a retaining element 12 is provided. The stop element 10 (at least additionally) is secured here by means of the retaining element 12 by means of a form fit (click closure) to prevent slippage during the tilted position. The retaining force 46 of the retaining element 12 is sufficient to resist the storing force 9 of the first energy storage element 7 to secure the connection between the stop element 10 and the stop member 11.

[0091] In this embodiment, the retaining element 12 itself is pre-tensioned to the locked position by means of a pre-holding force 47 via the second energy storage element 8, and thus secures the contact point of the spring lug (stopper element 10) in the latch groove (stopper component 11). When the coil 14 is energized, a magnetic field is generated such that a magnetic force 15 in the direction of the axial force 4 is applied to the reciprocating piston 16, and thus to the retaining element 12 integrally formed with the reciprocating piston. When a sufficiently small (e.g., negligible) axial force 4 is applied, the pre-holding force 47 is overcome, and the stopper element 10 is released from the stopper component 11. Due to the stored force 9 of the first energy storage element 7, the actuating element 5 returns to its normal position.

[0092] Furthermore, in the (fully optional) embodiment shown, a magnetic field sensor 18 and a position magnet 17 (permanent magnet) are provided, wherein the magnetic field sensor 18 is fixed relative to the reverse bearing 44 of the axial drive device 3, and the position magnet 17 is integrated into the actuation element 5. Therefore, the position of the actuation element 5 can be electronically recorded or determined.

[0093] Figure 3 It shows according to Figure 2 The actuator 1 has an actuating element 5 in its normal position. The driven piston 42 returns to its normal position by means of the stored force 9 of the first energy storage element 7. It can be clearly seen here that the stop element 10 is implemented as a plurality of spring lugs (fully optional), which are arranged coaxially with the actuation shaft 6 and are here firmly connected to the driven piston 42. Furthermore, it can be understood that the retaining element 12 is implemented as a surrounding ring (fully optional). It should be noted that the retaining element 12 is again in the locked position, that is, the coil 14 is not energized or energized to a sufficiently low degree such that the pre-holding force 47 moves the retaining element 12 into the locked position. The axial force 4 is able to overcome the pre-holding force 47 and thus be able to latch the stop element 10 to the stop member 11, thereby returning the retaining element 12 to the locked position. The entire process can be performed without actuating the coil 14.

[0094] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a retaining element 12 having a stopper component 11 and a stopper element 10 is shown. The stopper component is designed as a latch receiving portion, and the stopper element is designed as a snap-fit ​​element, more precisely, a snap-fit ​​hook. The latch receiving portion (stopper component 11) is designed in such a way that the corresponding snap-fit ​​element (stopper element 10) can be accommodated. According to the figure, the retaining element 12 is configured to secure the stopper element 10 in the stopper component 11 and is pre-tensioned to the right by the pre-holding force 47 of the second energy storage element 8, and according to the figure (see figure...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The retaining element can be moved to the left by the magnetic force 15 of the lifting magnet 13.

[0095] exist Figure 5 In China, according to Figure 4 The retaining element 12 is shown in the locked position. The retaining force 46 of the retaining element 12 is generated by a guiding contact that holds the retaining element 12 in the shown relative (locked) position by means of a pre-retaining force 47 while the stop element 10 is accommodated in the stop member 11. In this way, the actuating element 5 is axially fixed in the tilted position without the need for external energy consumption.

[0096] exist Figure 6In China, according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The retaining element 12 is shown in the released position. Since the pre-retaining force 47 of the second energy storage element 8 is overcome by the magnetic force 15, the retaining force 46 of the retaining element 12 is reversed. If the axial force 4 is absent (or too small), the actuating element 5 is now again pulled away from the deflection position because the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7 causes radial deflection of the stop element 10, and the stop element 10 is released from the stop element 11.

[0097] Figure 7 A fully schematic plan view of a motor vehicle 32 with a drivetrain 25 is shown, wherein the drive motor 29, optionally shown here as an electric drive motor 29, is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 49 along a motor shaft 50. The motor shaft 50 is arranged in front of the driver's cab 51 of the motor vehicle 32 in the direction of travel. The drivetrain 25 is configured to propel the motor vehicle 32 by driving the left-hand drive wheel 30 and the right-hand drive wheel 31 (optionally the front axle of the motor vehicle 32) via a transmission 20 by means of the torque output from the engine 29 and thus the torque flow 23 (shown here in the direction corresponding to the tension torque, indicated by dashed lines). For example, a torque transmission gear 26 is part of the gear 20, which can be switched by the vehicle driver by means of a shift lever 52 in the driver's cab 51.

[0098] The parking lock device 19 is now positioned in the torque flow 23, which can block the left-hand drive wheel 30 and the right-hand drive wheel 31. The parking lock device 19 includes a locking gear 22 and a parking lock 2. The locking gear is, for example, a gear of the torque transmission gear 26 of the transmission device 20 or an additional wheel of the torque transmission gear 26. The parking lock 2 includes a locking mechanism 21 and an operating actuator 1. The locking mechanism 21 is embodied, for example, as... Figure 1 As described. An embodiment of the parking lock device 19 is shown here, wherein (optionally), the locking mechanism 21 is arranged in the transmission chamber 28 in the gear housing 27 of the gear 20, and the actuator 1 is arranged outside the gear housing 27.

[0099] The locking gear 22 is arranged in the torque flow 23 in such a way that it prevents the vehicle 32 from rolling away. The parking lock device 19 can be actuated here using at least one of the following operating elements:

[0100] - Via shift lever 52, for example by using the parking gear position "P";

[0101] - Parking lever 53; and / or

[0102] - Ignition button 54 (alternatively, ignition key).

[0103] Furthermore, the parking lock device 19 is preferably automatically actuated, for example, when leaving the motor vehicle 32 (e.g., after it has been locked), the parking lock 2 automatically engages.

[0104] Using the actuator presented here, the drive position can be maintained without current with less design effort and less installation space requirements.

[0105] List of reference numerals

[0106] 1 actuator 32 motor vehicles

[0107] 2 parking locks 33 parking lock pawls

[0108] 3-axis drive unit with 34 ratchet shafts

[0109] 4 axial force 35 transverse component

[0110] 5 Actuating elements 36 Pre-tensioned springs

[0111] 6-axis actuator, 37-bracket

[0112] 7 First energy storage element 38 Separation spring

[0113] (Stamping device) 39 wheel axle

[0114] 8 Second energy storage element 40 Pivot shaft

[0115] (Holding element) 41 Actuating end

[0116] 9 storage capacity 42 driven piston

[0117] 10 Stopper Components 43 Driven Cylinder

[0118] 11 Stopper Components 44 Reverse Bearing

[0119] 12 retaining elements 45 stopping force

[0120] 13. Increase magnet holding force by 46

[0121] 14 coils, 47 pre-holding force

[0122] 15 magnetic force 48 slope

[0123] 16 reciprocating pistons, 49 longitudinal shafts

[0124] 17-position magnet, 50 motor shaft

[0125] 18 magnetic field sensors, 51 driver's cab

[0126] 19 Parking lock device 52 Gear shift lever

[0127] 20 Transmission unit 53 Parking lever

[0128] 21 Locking mechanism 54 Ignition button

[0129] 22 Locking Gear 55 Axial Clearance

[0130] 23 Torque Flow

[0131] 24 Unlocking Components

[0132] 25. Transmission System

[0133] 26 Torque transmission gears

[0134] 27 Transmission device housing

[0135] 28 Transmission Chamber

[0136] 29 Drive engine

[0137] 30 Left push wheel

[0138] 31 Right push wheel

Claims

1. An actuator (1) for a parking lock (2), said actuator having at least the following components: - Axial drive device (3) for transmitting axial force (4); - An actuating element (5) having an actuating shaft (6) is capable of being axially moved from a normal position to an oblique position by means of the axial force (4) of the axial drive device (3). - A first energy storage element (7), which transmits a stored force (9) opposing the axial force (4), and the free actuator (5) is pushed by the stored force (9) in the direction of the normal position. The actuator (1) also has at least the following components: - Stopper element (10); - The stopper component (11) corresponding to the stopper element (10); and - A retaining element (12) movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein when the actuating element (5) is in the tilted position and the retaining element (12) is in the locked position, the stop element (10) and the stop component (11) are fixed to each other. The actuating element (5) is held in the tilted position by means of the stop element (10) which is fixed in the locked position by the retaining element (12) against the storing force (9) of the first energy storage element (7). Its features are, A second energy storage element (8) is also provided, by means of which the holding element (12) can be passively held in the locked position.

2. The actuator (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The stop element (10) is securely connected to the actuating element (5). The stopper element (10) includes at least one spring element. The spring element can only deflect in the radial direction. The stopper component (11) and the stopper element (10) together form a snap-lock closure.

3. The actuator (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein, It is also provided with a lifting magnet (13) having a coil (14) and a reciprocating piston (16) that can move axially by means of the magnetic force (15) generated by the coil (14), wherein the holding element (12) is fixedly connected to the reciprocating piston (16) that can move axially.

4. The actuator (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The actuating element (5) can be fixed in the skew position independently of the axial drive device (3).

5. The actuator (1) according to claim 3, wherein, The axial drive device (3) is arranged inside a housing (42), the housing (42) including a front housing surface having a channel for the actuating element (5), the actuating element (5) being axially displaceable along the actuation shaft (6), and the lifting magnet (13), the second energy storage element (8) and the holding element (12) being arranged axially between the front housing surface and the axial drive device (3).

6. The actuator (1) according to claim 5, wherein, The lifting magnet (13), the second energy storage element (8), and the holding element (12) are arranged in a ring and are arranged coaxially with the actuation shaft (6).

7. A parking lock (2) for a parking lock device (19) for a transmission device (20), said parking lock having at least the following components: - A locking mechanism (21) for locking a locking gear (22) in the torque flow (23), the locking mechanism (21) blocking the locking gear (22) in a locked state during use and releasing the locking gear (22) in a free state; and - The actuator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein... In the skewed position of the actuating element (5), the locking mechanism (21) leaves the locked state, and the normal position of the actuating element (5) corresponds to the locked state of the locking mechanism (21).

8. The parking lock (2) according to claim 7, wherein, An unlocking element (24) is also provided, which is movable between a normal position and an unlocked position, wherein the unlocked position maintains the free state of the locking mechanism (21), and the normal position ensures the normal locking function of the parking lock (2).

9. A parking lock device (19) having a locking gear (22) arranged in a lockable torque flow (23) and a parking lock (2) according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein, The locking gear (22) can be blocked by means of the locking mechanism (21).

10. A transmission device (20) for a transmission system (25), said transmission device having at least the following components: - Parking lock device (19) according to claim 9; - Torque transmission gear (26), the torque transmission gear including the locking gear (22); and - Transmission housing (27), which surrounds the transmission chamber (28). in, The locking mechanism (21) of the parking lock (2) is completely arranged inside the transmission chamber (28).

11. A transmission system (25) having at least the following components: - At least one drive unit (29) for delivering torque; - At least one consumption device (30, 31) for receiving torque; and - The transmission device (20) according to claim 10. in, The at least one drive unit (29) and the at least one consumable device (30, 31) are connected to each other by means of the transmission device (20) in a torque transmission manner. When the locking mechanism (21) is in the locked state, the parking lock device (19) prevents the torque transmitted between the drive motor (29) and the at least one consumable device (30, 31).

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