Sound-absorbing fire-retardant rubber plate and underwater sound-absorbing fire-retardant structure

Abstract

The application provides a sound-absorbing fire-retardant rubber plate and an underwater sound-absorbing fire-retardant structure, which comprises a sound-absorbing main layer and a fire-retardant material layer arranged on one side surface of the sound-absorbing main layer, wherein the sound-absorbing main layer and the fire-retardant material layer are integrally formed by warm mould pressing through a flat vulcanizing machine, and the fire-retardant material layer is chloroprene rubber which has sound wave penetration performance and good fire-retardant performance. In the application, a fire-retardant material layer is arranged on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer, and the fire-retardant material layer and the sound-absorbing main layer are integrally formed by hot pressing in one mould of the flat vulcanizing machine. In the forming process, the sound-absorbing main layer and the fire-retardant material layer are mutually penetrated and integrated at the joint. Compared with the traditional spraying mode on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer, the fire-retardant material layer formed by the application will not fall off due to thermal expansion and contraction of the non-metal material and repeated stretching and contraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater sound absorption and flame retardant technology, and in particular to a sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet and an underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure. Background Technology

[0002] As an effective underwater sound-absorbing structure, sound-absorbing rubber sheets can control the radiated noise of ships and resist active sonar detection. Moreover, the sound-absorbing layer is lightweight and small in size, and is widely used in ships and submarines.

[0003] Since the main body of ships and submarines is mostly made of non-metallic materials, which require flame retardancy, there is a certain demand for rubber sheets with sound absorption and flame retardancy properties in the shipbuilding and submarine industry. In order to make the sound-absorbing rubber sheet have flame retardancy properties, a fireproof coating is often sprayed on the sound-absorbing main layer to obtain a rubber sheet that has both sound absorption and flame retardancy properties. However, the fireproof coating formed by this spraying method is prone to falling off during repeated expansion and contraction due to the thermal expansion and contraction of non-metallic materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet and an underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure, which solves the problem that the fire-retardant coating is easily peeled off when sprayed onto the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer using a spraying method in existing technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet includes a sound-absorbing main layer and a flame-retardant material layer laid on one side surface of the sound-absorbing main layer. The sound-absorbing main layer and the flame-retardant material layer are integrally formed by heating and molding in a flat vulcanizing machine. The flame-retardant material layer is chloroprene rubber with good sound wave penetration performance and flame-retardant properties.

[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0008] The flame-retardant material layer is 2-3 mm thick.

[0009] The sound-absorbing main layer is made of nitrile rubber with good sound absorption properties.

[0010] Multiple rows of gradient holes are provided on the sound-absorbing main body layer. The opening direction of the gradient holes is perpendicular and penetrates the sound-absorbing main body layer. A sealing layer for sealing the gradient holes is provided on the side of the sound-absorbing main body layer away from the flame-retardant material layer.

[0011] The gradient holes in adjacent rows are staggered in the horizontal direction. The center line connecting any three adjacent gradient holes in two adjacent rows forms an equilateral triangle with a side length of A. The diameter of the small hole of the gradient hole is R, where R≥1mm, R:A=B, and B is the perforation coefficient, with a value range of 0.03-0.08mm.

[0012] The diameter of the gradient hole increases continuously along the direction of the sealing layer.

[0013] The gradient hole is a frustum hole or a flared hole.

[0014] The sound-absorbing main layer and the sealing layer are bonded together with an adhesive.

[0015] The thickness of the sound-absorbing main layer is 70-90mm.

[0016] Another technical solution disclosed in this invention is an underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure, wherein the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet is provided on the side wall of the underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure.

[0017] Compared to existing technologies, the above technical solution brings the following technical effects:

[0018] This invention lays a flame-retardant material layer on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer and hot-presses it into one piece in a mold of a flat vulcanizing machine. During the molding process, the sound-absorbing main layer and the flame-retardant material layer will permeate each other and bond together. Compared with the traditional method of spraying on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer, the flame-retardant material layer formed by this solution will not fall off due to the thermal expansion and contraction of non-metallic materials.

[0019] Furthermore, the sound-absorbing main body layer of this invention has multiple rows of gradient holes. When sound waves enter the gradient holes of the sound-absorbing main body layer, they vibrate and rub against the air molecules inside the gradient holes, converting a large amount of sound energy into heat energy and consuming it, thus achieving the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction. This invention significantly reduces the processing difficulty of the gradient holes by appropriately increasing the diameter of the small holes, making the diameter R of the gradient holes ≥ 1mm, thereby meeting the overall performance of the product. This invention sets the center line connecting any three adjacent gradient holes in two adjacent rows to form an equilateral triangle, with a perforation coefficient of 0.03-0.08mm. On the basis of increasing the diameter of the small holes of the gradient holes, it can also improve the sound absorption effect in the entire frequency band. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a vertical sectional view of the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the sound-absorbing main body layer of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is the sound absorption coefficient curve of Example 1;

[0024] Figure 4 This is the sound absorption coefficient curve of Example 2;

[0025] Figure 5 This is the sound absorption coefficient curve of Example 3;

[0026] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0027] 1. Sound-absorbing main layer; 2. Flame-retardant material layer; 3. Gradient pores; 4. Sealing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet of the present invention includes a sound-absorbing main layer 1 and a flame-retardant material layer 2 laid on one side surface of the sound-absorbing main layer 1. The sound-absorbing main layer 1 and the flame-retardant material layer 2 are integrally formed by heating and molding in a flat vulcanizing machine. The flame-retardant material layer 2 is chloroprene rubber with sound wave penetration performance and good flame-retardant performance.

[0034] In this solution, the sound-absorbing main layer 1 is mainly used to absorb sound waves, and the flame-retardant material layer 2 is mainly used for fire prevention and flame retardancy. The flame-retardant material layer 2 can allow sound waves to pass through, but it has no sound absorption effect. The combination of the two ensures the flame retardant requirements of the product without reducing the sound absorption effect. Specifically, the flame-retardant material layer 2 is neoprene rubber. Because neoprene rubber contains chlorine, it has the non-self-ignition property of self-extinguishing when isolated from the fire source. In this solution, a layer of flame-retardant material layer 2 (neoprene rubber) is laid on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer 1, and the two materials are hot-pressed into one piece in a mold of a flat vulcanizing machine. During the molding process, the sound-absorbing main layer 1 and the flame-retardant material layer 2 will permeate each other and bond together. Compared with the traditional method of spraying on the surface of the sound-absorbing main layer 1, the flame-retardant material layer 2 formed by this solution will not fall off due to the thermal expansion and contraction of non-metallic materials.

[0035] Furthermore, the flame-retardant material layer is 2-3mm thick.

[0036] Furthermore, the sound-absorbing main layer 1 is made of nitrile rubber with good sound absorption properties.

[0037] Nitrile rubber, also known as nitrile rubber (NBR), is a copolymer formed by polymerizing acrylonitrile and butadiene monomers. It has good sound absorption properties, and the rubber material itself has high damping characteristics, which further isolates vibration and reduces noise. It is commonly used in sound-absorbing structures in military, automotive, and aerospace industries.

[0038] Furthermore, multiple rows of gradient holes 3 are provided on the sound-absorbing main body layer 1. The opening direction of the gradient holes 3 is vertical and penetrates through the sound-absorbing main body layer 1. A sealing layer 4 for sealing the gradient holes 3 is provided on the side of the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 away from the flame-retardant material layer 2.

[0039] In this design, the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 has multiple rows of gradient holes 3. The bottom of the multiple rows of gradient holes 3 is sealed by a sealing layer 4. Sound waves pass through the thin flame-retardant material layer 2 on the outside of the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 and enter the gradient holes 3 of the sound-absorbing main body layer 1. They vibrate and rub against the air molecules inside the gradient holes 3, and a large amount of sound energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated, thus achieving the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, adjacent rows of gradient holes 3 are staggered in the horizontal direction. The line connecting the centers of any three adjacent gradient holes 3 in any two adjacent rows forms an equilateral triangle with side length A. The diameter of the small hole of the gradient hole 3 is R, where R ≥ 1 mm, R:A = B, and B is the perforation coefficient, with a value range of 0.03-0.08 mm.

[0041] In this embodiment, the diameter of the gradient hole 3 is appropriately increased so that the diameter R of the gradient hole 3 is greater than or equal to 1 mm, thereby significantly reducing the processing difficulty of the gradient hole 3 and meeting the overall performance of the product. The present invention sets the center line of any three adjacent gradient holes 3 in two adjacent rows to form an equilateral triangle, with a perforation coefficient of 0.03-0.08 mm. On the basis of increasing the diameter of the gradient hole 3, the sound absorption effect in the entire frequency band can also be improved.

[0042] The perforation coefficient can improve the sound absorption effect across the entire frequency band. The preferred value range for the perforation coefficient B is 0.05-0.06 mm. Within this range, it facilitates stable processing of gradient holes while maintaining ideal sound absorption performance. A smaller perforation coefficient shifts the first absorption peak backward, thus improving the sound absorption effect at higher frequencies. When low-frequency sound absorption is required, the perforation coefficient can be increased to shift the first absorption peak forward. Therefore, adjusting the perforation coefficient can improve the sound absorption effect across the entire frequency band. This sound absorption device has a simple and practical structure, excellent sound absorption performance across the entire frequency band, and flexible sound absorption adjustment functions, making it promising and widely applicable.

[0043] Furthermore, the diameter of the gradient hole 3 increases continuously along the direction of the sealing layer 4.

[0044] When sound waves enter from the smallest aperture end of gradient hole 3, due to the large air cavity behind the smallest aperture, the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 has both high acoustic impedance and acoustic resistance, and strong sound energy dissipation is generated near the smallest aperture, thus achieving better sound absorption performance.

[0045] Furthermore, gradient hole 3 is a frustum-shaped hole or a flared hole.

[0046] Furthermore, the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 and the sealing layer 4 are bonded together with an adhesive.

[0047] The two vulcanized bodies, the sound-absorbing main layer 1 and the sealing layer 4, are cold-bonded with adhesive. The bonding area must be free from defects such as debonding, insufficient adhesive, adhesive buildup, and misalignment between the sound-absorbing main layer 1 and the sealing layer 4, so that the gradient hole 3 has strong sealing performance and ensures its overall sound absorption effect.

[0048] Furthermore, the thickness of the sound-absorbing main body layer 1 is 70-90mm.

[0049] In this embodiment, the underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure has the aforementioned sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet installed on its sidewall.

[0050] The underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure is part of various equipment for water sports or underwater sports, such as ships and submarines. The sealing layer 4 of this sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet is installed on the inner side wall of the ship, and the sealing layer 4 of this sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet is installed on the outer side wall of the submarine. The sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet is not installed directly in front of the ship and submarine, forming a gap for ultrasonic waves to pass through. The sound waves pass through the flame-retardant material layer 2 and enter from the smallest aperture end of the gradient hole 3, generating vibration and friction with the air molecules in the gradient hole 3. A large amount of sound energy is converted into heat energy and consumed, thus achieving the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the X-axis represents frequency in kHz, and the Y-axis represents the sound absorption coefficient, ranging from N1 to N8kHz. Hz Sound absorption coefficient test within frequency band Through Multiple rows of gradient holes 3 are made on an 80mm thick sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet. The diameter of the gradient holes 3 is appropriately increased (diameter R is set to 1.5mm), and the perforation coefficient B is set to 0.03mm. The density of the rubber sheet is 1200±100kg / m³. 3 The tensile strength is greater than or equal to the preset value, which can be set according to the actual situation. The test yielded the curve. As can be seen from the curve, the average sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption device can reach more than 0.9, which meets the underwater sound absorption requirements.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] like Figure 4As shown, the X-axis represents frequency in kHz, and the Y-axis represents the sound absorption coefficient, ranging from N1 to N8kHz. Hz Sound absorption coefficient test within frequency band Through Multiple rows of gradient holes 3 are made on an 80mm thick sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet. The diameter of the gradient holes 3 is appropriately increased (diameter R is set to 1.5mm), and the perforation coefficient B is set to 0.054mm. The density of the rubber sheet is 1200±100kg / m³. 3 The tensile strength is greater than or equal to the preset value, which can be set according to the actual situation. The test yielded the curve. As can be seen from the graph, the average sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption device can reach more than 0.93, which meets the underwater sound absorption requirements.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the X-axis represents frequency in kHz, and the Y-axis represents the sound absorption coefficient, ranging from N1 to N8kHz. Hz Sound absorption coefficient test within frequency band Through Multiple rows of gradient holes 3 are made on an 80mm thick sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet. The diameter of the gradient holes 3 is appropriately increased (diameter R is set to 1.5mm), and the perforation coefficient B is set to 0.08mm. The density of the rubber sheet is 1200±100kg / m³. 3 The tensile strength is greater than or equal to the preset value, which can be set according to the actual situation. The test yielded the curve. As can be seen from the curve, the average sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption device can reach more than 0.9, which meets the underwater sound absorption requirements.

[0057] As can be seen from the above three embodiments, when the perforation coefficient B is in the range of 0.03-0.08mm, appropriately increasing the diameter of the gradient hole 3 not only facilitates the processing technology of the gradient hole 3, but also improves the sound absorption effect in the entire frequency band. As shown in curves 1, 2 and 3, when the perforation coefficient B is 0.054mm, the average sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption device reaches the highest value.

[0058] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments, as long as they meet the purpose of the present invention, and all such changes should be within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. For example, different combinations of specific embodiments and different combinations of distinguishing technical features.

Claims

1. A sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet, characterized in that, It includes a sound-absorbing main body layer (1) and a flame-retardant material layer (2) laid on one side surface of the sound-absorbing main body layer (1). The sound-absorbing main body layer (1) and the flame-retardant material layer (2) are integrally formed by heating and molding in a flat vulcanizing machine. The flame-retardant material layer (2) is chloroprene rubber with sound wave penetration performance and good flame-retardant performance. Multiple rows of gradient holes (3) are provided on the sound-absorbing main body layer (1). The gradient holes (3) are opened vertically and penetrate the sound-absorbing main body layer (1). A sealing layer (4) for sealing the gradient holes (3) is provided on the side of the sound-absorbing main body layer (1) away from the flame-retardant material layer (2). The gradient holes (3) in adjacent rows are staggered in the horizontal direction. The center line connecting any three adjacent gradient holes (3) in two adjacent rows forms an equilateral triangle with a side length of A and a small hole diameter of R, where R ≥ 1 mm, R: A = B, B is the perforation coefficient, and the value range of B is 0.03-0.

08. The diameter of the gradient hole (3) increases continuously along the direction of the sealing layer (4); The gradient hole (3) is a frustum hole or a flared hole.

2. The sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame-retardant material layer (2) is 2-3 mm thick.

3. The sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sound-absorbing main body layer (1) and the sealing layer (4) are bonded together with an adhesive.

4. The sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the sound-absorbing main body layer (1) is 70-90mm.

5. An underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure, characterized in that, The underwater sound-absorbing and flame-retardant structure has a sound-absorbing and flame-retardant rubber sheet as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 on its sidewall.

Images