A method, device and equipment for constructing a weathered zone surface structure model

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of weathering zone surface structure model construction method, device and equipment, the method includes: based on the corresponding relative elevation data of each survey point in study area, the corresponding relationship of weathering layer thickness and relative elevation data in study area is determined, to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in study area;Based on the time-depth curve fitted by time-depth data fitting of micro-logging survey in study area, the corresponding relationship of weathering layer thickness and average speed of each survey point in study area is determined, and the corresponding relationship of weathering layer thickness and average speed in study area is fitted, to determine the weathering layer average speed corresponding to each physical point;Based on the weathering layer thickness and weathering layer average speed corresponding to each physical point, the weathering zone surface structure model of study area is constructed.The method not only reduces the input of thick weathering zone surface investigation exploration equipment, but also more finely analyzes the change of thick weathering layer average speed in longitudinal and transverse directions to meet the demand of subsequent process on surface structure data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and equipment for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone. Background Technology

[0002] In the loess areas of the basin, the weathered layer thickness exceeds 700m, and in the desert areas, the sand layer thickness exceeds 300m. These areas exhibit extremely thick weathered layers, with time-depth curves displaying continuous medium characteristics. Analyzing the surface structure of these extremely thick weathered areas requires high-performance equipment, advanced acquisition techniques, and substantial financial investment. Currently, only a small number of ultra-deep micro-logging sites have been able to determine the weathered layer thickness; the thickness of the weathered layer has not been determined at the remaining sites.

[0003] In seismic data acquisition, both drilling and field processing require the establishment of a reasonable surface structure model. Currently, in areas with extremely thick weathered layers, the similarity coefficient method is used to establish the surface model, utilizing only the results of micrologging surveys that penetrate low-velocity layers. The results of a larger number of micrologging surveys that do not penetrate low-velocity layers are not considered. The surface structure is established by interpolating the weathered layer thickness and average weathered layer velocity. This method can quickly establish the surface structure of extremely thick weathered areas. However, due to the limited number and uneven distribution of surface surveys that reveal effective weathered layer thickness in extremely thick weathered areas, and the fact that the similarity coefficient does not reflect geomorphic characteristics, the established surface structure has large errors and cannot meet the accuracy requirements of excitation zoning and field processing.

[0004] After seismic data acquisition is completed, the shallow surface velocity field can be inverted using the first arrival of the borehole in the thick weathered zone. The surface structure of the thick weathered zone can also be established through ultra-deep micro-logging calibration. This method provides high-precision static correction values ​​for the final seismic data processing. However, the first arrival inversion of the borehole occurs after the drilling and seismic acquisition processes, which cannot provide support for the excitation zoning and well depth design of the drilling process. Furthermore, the first arrival picking process is labor-intensive and time-consuming, which prevents it from providing static correction values ​​for field processing in a timely manner.

[0005] Establishing a high-precision surface structure is crucial for seismic zoning, well depth design, and field data processing. Due to the high difficulty, time commitment, and cost of surface surveys in extremely thick weathered areas, it is unrealistic to complete high-precision surface structure modeling for all survey points in such areas. Under the conditions of technological and economic integration, the urgent challenge is to leverage existing micrologging wells that have penetrated low-velocity layers and a larger number of micrologging wells that haven't, without increasing acquisition costs, to establish a high-precision surface structure model that meets the requirements of both field seismic acquisition drilling and on-site data processing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method, apparatus and device for constructing a weathered zone surface structure model that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone, the method comprising:

[0008] Based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness in the study area and the relative elevation data is determined, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0009] Based on the time-depth data of the micro-logging survey in the study area, a time-depth curve is fitted to determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area. The correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area is fitted to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point.

[0010] Based on the weathering layer thickness and average weathering velocity corresponding to each physical point, a surface structure model of the weathering zone in the study area is constructed.

[0011] Optionally, determining the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point within the study area may include:

[0012] Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points;

[0013] If the number of known survey points is zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point.

[0014] If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to obtain the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point as the basic weathering layer thickness.

[0015] Using the weathering layer thickness of known survey points within a preset range of the physical points as the correction benchmark, the physical points are assigned weight coefficients according to their distance to correct the basic weathering layer thickness, thereby determining the weathering layer thickness of the physical points.

[0016] Optionally, the weathering layer thickness of known survey points within a preset range of the physical points is used as the correction benchmark. A distance-weighted method is used to assign weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance to correct the basic weathering layer thickness. Specifically, the correction is performed using the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] in, The thickness of the weathering layer at the physical point; The number of survey points within a preset radius; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the thickness of the weathered layer at the i-th survey point.

[0019] Optionally, determining the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each of the physical points includes:

[0020] Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points;

[0021] If the number of known survey points is zero, then the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at that physical point.

[0022] If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the fitted relationship between weathering layer thickness and average velocity to obtain the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to the physical point as the basic average velocity of the weathering layer of the physical point.

[0023] Using the average velocity of the weathering layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical point as the correction benchmark, the average velocity of the basic weathering layer is corrected by assigning weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance using a distance-weighted method, so as to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at the physical point.

[0024] Optionally, the average velocity of the weathering layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical point is used as the correction benchmark. A distance-weighted method is used to assign weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance to correct the average velocity of the basic weathering layer. Specifically, the correction is performed using the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] in, The average velocity of the weathering layer calculated for this physical point; The number of survey points searched; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the average velocity of the weathering layer at the i-th survey point.

[0027] Optionally, the step of fitting a time-depth curve based on the time-depth data from the micro-logging survey in the study area to determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, in order to fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area, includes:

[0028] Based on the time-depth data from the micrologging survey in the study area, time-depth curves were fitted to determine the initial velocity, variation coefficient, and power exponent value.

[0029] Based on the initial velocity, the coefficient of variation, and the power exponent value, the relationship between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area is determined.

[0030] The thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity of the weathered layer are integrated to fit the relationship between the thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity in the study area.

[0031] Optionally, before fitting the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness in the study area and the relative elevation data based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, the method further includes:

[0032] Based on the surface elevation data within the study area, the relative elevation data of each physical point within the study area is determined; wherein, the relative elevation data includes: the relative elevation value, slope value, and median slope position corresponding to each physical point;

[0033] Physical points that obtain high-speed layer velocities from surface surveys within the study area are filtered according to preset distance intervals to determine the survey points within the study area.

[0034] Optionally, determining the relative elevation data of each physical point within the study area based on surface elevation data within the study area includes:

[0035] The elevation datum of the study area is determined by calculating the actual measurement results within the study area using the full principal component Gaussian-Jordan elimination method.

[0036] The distance between the surface elevation data of the physical point and the elevation datum is used as the relative elevation value of the physical point, and a relative elevation curve is formed.

[0037] Using the surface elevation data curve and the relative elevation curve included in the surface elevation data, the relative elevation value, slope value and median slope value corresponding to each physical point in the study area are determined.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone, which may include:

[0039] The weathering layer thickness determination module is used to determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness in the study area and the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0040] The weathering layer average velocity determination module is used to fit a time-depth curve based on the time-depth data of the micro-logging survey in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, and fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area to determine the weathering layer average velocity corresponding to each physical point.

[0041] A construction module is used to construct a surface structure model of the weathered zone in the study area based on the weathered layer thickness and average weathered layer velocity corresponding to each physical point.

[0042] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for constructing a weathered zone surface structure model as described in the first aspect.

[0043] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for constructing a weathered zone surface structure model as described in the first aspect.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0045] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and device for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone. The method includes: determining the correspondence between the weathered layer thickness and the relative elevation data of each survey point within the study area, thereby determining the weathered layer thickness corresponding to each physical point within the study area; fitting time-depth curves based on time-depth data from micro-logging surveys within the study area, determining the correspondence between the weathered layer thickness and the average velocity of each survey point within the study area, and fitting the correspondence between the weathered layer thickness and the average velocity within the study area to determine the average velocity of the weathered layer corresponding to each physical point; and constructing a surface structure model of the weathered zone within the study area based on the weathered layer thickness and the average velocity of the weathered layer corresponding to each physical point.

[0046] This invention employs surface survey data from a massive weathered zone with continuous medium characteristics and low-rate-decrease layers to determine the velocity of high-velocity layers. This data is then used to fit the relationship between surface elevation and the thickness of the massive weathered layer. This not only reduces the investment in surface survey and exploration equipment for massive weathered zones but also provides a clear understanding of the relative relationship between surface elevation and weathered layer thickness. By extending the time-depth curve with continuous medium characteristics from the micro-logging data fitted to the massive weathered zone, the average velocity of the weathered layer at survey points where high-velocity layers were not surveyed is increased, thus expanding the number of surface survey points available for analyzing the average velocity of the massive weathered zone. This allows for a more refined analysis of the variation of the average velocity of the massive weathered layer in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

[0047] This invention employs a distance-weighted method to obtain weighted corrected thickness and average velocity of the weathered layer at each physical point from surface survey data. This improves the prediction accuracy of the weathered layer thickness and average velocity at each physical point. It is a modeling method that improves the accuracy of surface structure without increasing the cost of surface surveys in extremely thick weathered areas. It can quickly provide high-precision surface structure data for excitation zoning and on-site seismic data preprocessing.

[0048] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific construction method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 Here is a flowchart of step S21;

[0054] Figure 4 This is an example of a two-dimensional survey line surface elevation, elevation datum, and relative surface elevation curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slope ratio and slope position value of the thick weathered layer provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 This is a curve showing the relationship between weathering layer thickness and average velocity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 This is a flowchart for determining the weathering layer thickness at each physical point, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a flowchart for determining the average velocity of the weathering layer at each physical point, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram comparing different high-speed top curves obtained by the present invention and conventional surface modeling methods;

[0060] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram comparing the average velocity curves of different weathered layers obtained by the present invention and conventional surface modeling methods.

[0061] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered zone provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0063] This invention provides a method for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone. This invention relates to geophysical exploration methods, specifically a method for establishing a surface structure model in a thick, low-velocity layer with continuous medium properties during seismic exploration. Specifically applied to onshore seismic exploration, in a thick, low-velocity layer with continuous medium properties, this method utilizes micrologging data from uninvestigated low-velocity thickness and high-velocity layer velocities, combined with micrologging data from already investigated low-velocity thickness and high-velocity layer velocities, to establish a surface structure model of the thick weathered zone, thus improving the accuracy of the surface structure calculation. (Refer to...) Figure 1 As shown, the method may include:

[0064] Step S11: Based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the study area, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0065] The weathering layer thickness in this embodiment of the invention includes the overall thickness of the low-velocity layer and the deceleration layer, wherein the low-deceleration layer is a division of the near-surface velocity layers. The survey points in this embodiment of the invention are physical points selected from all excitation and receiving points within the study area according to preset rules.

[0066] Step S12: Fit time-depth curves based on the time-depth data from the micro-logging survey in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, and fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point.

[0067] Micro-logging is one of the main methods for investigating surface structures because it directly receives up-traveling wave information excited at different depths in the well from the ground. These are transmitted waves that directly penetrate the strata and are less affected by topography, resulting in high interpretation accuracy. Micro-logging is a method for acquiring near-surface geophysical parameters by collecting seismic wave information through well excitation and ground reception (or ground excitation and well reception, or well excitation and well reception).

[0068] Step S13: Based on the weathering layer thickness and average weathering velocity corresponding to each physical point, construct a surface structure model of the weathered zone in the study area.

[0069] The construction method provided in this embodiment of the invention, without increasing the number of ultra-deep micrologging survey points or increasing the acquisition cost, achieves the goal of establishing a high-precision surface structure model by improving the utilization rate of micrologging data for high-velocity layers that have not been investigated, and by using techniques such as micrologging time-depth data extension, polynomial fitting, and distance weighting, thus meeting the needs of field acquisition drilling procedures and on-site processing procedures.

[0070] In one specific embodiment, refer to Figure 2 The method for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered area may specifically include:

[0071] Step S21: Based on the surface elevation data within the study area, determine the relative elevation data of each physical point within the study area; wherein, the relative elevation data includes: the relative elevation value, slope value, and median slope position corresponding to each physical point.

[0072] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 As shown, this step may include:

[0073] Step S211: Calculate the elevation datum of the study area using the full principal component Gaussian-Jordan elimination method based on the actual measurement results within the study area.

[0074] Step S212: Use the distance between the surface elevation data of the physical point and the elevation datum as the relative elevation value of the physical point, and form a relative elevation curve.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, the distance from the actual surface elevation to the elevation datum can be considered as the relative elevation of the physical point. The relative elevation of each physical point in the study area is calculated. For example, in a certain study area, the top interface of the high-velocity zone is the velocity boundary between loess and the underlying strata. Above the top interface of the high-velocity zone is a thick loess weathering layer with continuous medium characteristics, and the average velocity value of the thick weathering layer increases with depth. In specific implementation, the actual measurement results of a 20.55km long two-dimensional survey line with 1371 receiving points are calculated using the full principal component Gaussian-Jordan elimination method to determine the elevation datum of the study area. Then, step S212 is executed to form the elevation datum of the study area. Figure 4The relative elevation curve shown in the figure has the middle line as the elevation datum, the upper line as the actual ground elevation data of the physical point, and the lower line as the relative elevation curve.

[0076] Step S213: Using the surface elevation data curve and relative elevation curve included in the surface elevation data, determine the relative elevation value, slope value and median slope position corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0077] Based on relative elevation data curves and actual elevation data curves, we can obtain, respectively, as follows: Figure 5 The relative elevation, slope (representing the tangent of the surface slope), and median slope position (the positional relationship with the thickness of the maximum weathered layer, with the thickest median slope being 1 and the top and bottom slopes being 0) are shown for each physical point.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, step S21 is performed to standardize the data in order to simplify the statistical analysis or modeling in subsequent steps.

[0079] Step S22: The physical points in the study area that have obtained the velocity of the high-speed layer from the surface survey are filtered according to a preset distance interval to determine the survey points in the study area.

[0080] In this embodiment of the invention, the survey points are physical points selected from all excitation and receiving points within the study area according to a preset rule (interval).

[0081] Step S23: Based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the study area, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0082] Based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, the correspondence between the weathered layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the study area is determined. That is, the survey points in the work area that lead to the highway are selected. Based on the relative elevation, slope, and median slope of each survey point, the relationship function between relative elevation, slope, median slope and weathered layer thickness is calculated, as shown in Formula 1 below:

[0083] Formula 1

[0084] in, For the thickness of the weathering layer, For relative elevation, Slope is the tangent of the surface slope. The median slope position represents the locational relationship with the maximum weathering layer thickness. For each physical point, This can be obtained from the curve obtained in step 1. It can be calculated from surface elevation data. These are the four corresponding coefficients. In this example, the fitted coefficients are a = 0.4462, b = -808.55, c = 158.6, and d0 = 36.01.

[0085] The thickness of the weathering layer at each physical point is calculated using the distance-weighted method based on Formula 1 above. See the attached formula for details. Figure 7 As shown, the specific steps may include:

[0086] Step S231: Determine the known survey points within the preset radius of the physical points. In this step, for example, for a certain physical point in the entire survey line, search for surface survey points of the highway within a radius of 3km, and determine the number of survey points of the highway found.

[0087] Step S232: Determine the number of known survey points.

[0088] Step S233: If the number of known survey points is zero, substitute the relative elevation, slope, and median slope of the physical point into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area (Formula 1) to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point.

[0089] Step S234: If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, substitute the relative elevation, slope, and median slope of the physical point into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area (Formula 1) to obtain the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point as the basic weathering layer thickness.

[0090] For example, taking the high-speed surface survey point within the search radius as a known point, the four coefficients corresponding to the fitting calculation formula 1 are replaced in the thickness function formula of the whole area. The relative elevation, slope, and slope position corresponding to the physical point are substituted into the formula to calculate the weathering layer thickness of the physical point, which is called the basic weathering layer thickness of the physical point.

[0091] Using the thickness of the weathered layer at the high-speed surface survey point within the search radius of the physical point as the correction benchmark, the distance-weighted method is used to assign a weight coefficient to the physical point according to the distance to correct the basic weathered layer thickness, thus obtaining the weathered layer thickness at that point.

[0092] Step S235: Using the weathering layer thickness of known survey points within the preset range of physical points as the correction benchmark, the basic weathering layer thickness is corrected by assigning weight coefficients to physical points according to their distance using the distance weighting method, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness of physical points.

[0093] Specifically, it is determined using the following formula 2:

[0094]

[0095] in, The thickness of the weathering layer at the physical point; The number of survey points within a preset radius; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the thickness of the weathered layer at the i-th survey point.

[0096] Step S24: Fit time-depth curves based on the time-depth data from the micro-logging survey in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, and fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point.

[0097] In this step, time-depth curves are fitted based on the time-depth data from micro-logging surveys within the study area to determine the correlation between weathered layer thickness and average velocity at each survey point. The fitting of this correlation, based on the continuous medium characteristics of the low-velocity layer in the micro-logging of the thick weathered zone, involves fitting time-depth curves to the surface survey data for each high-velocity point. For each high-velocity survey point, the corresponding initial velocity, coefficient of variation, and exponent value are calculated. Figure 6 As shown, the thickness-average velocity relationship function of the extremely thick weathered zone is obtained as follows:

[0098] (Formula 3)

[0099] In the formula, The layer velocity corresponds to different thicknesses. The initial velocity, is the coefficient of variation, z is the thickness value, and x is the reciprocal of the exponent.

[0100] Integrating the thickness and layer velocity, we obtain the average velocity corresponding to different thicknesses, as shown in Equations 4 and 5 below:

[0101] (Formula 4)

[0102] (Formula 5)

[0103] In the formula, The average velocity corresponds to different thicknesses; other parameters are the same as in Formula 3.

[0104] In practice, time-depth data from 70 surface survey points across the entire work area were fitted to obtain the functional relationship between the weathered layer thickness and the average velocity across the entire work area, as shown in Equation 5. The average velocity corresponding to different thicknesses. The initial velocity is 180 m / s; is the coefficient of variation, with a value of 5.462; z is the thickness value; and x is the reciprocal of the exponent, with a value of 3.6. In this calculation, x > 1; subsequent calculations will use Formula 5.

[0105] For each survey point not yet connected to the high-speed rail network, the weathering layer thickness is extended, and the average velocity of the weathering layer at that point is calculated using the calculated weathering layer thickness as a parameter. Based on this, a weathering layer thickness-average velocity relationship function is fitted to obtain the relationship between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at that survey point. In this step, the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point is determined; details can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 8 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0106] Step S241: Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points.

[0107] Step S242: Determine the number of known survey points.

[0108] Step S243: If the number of survey points is known to be zero, then substitute the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point into the correspondence between weathering layer thickness and average velocity to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at that physical point.

[0109] Step S244: If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, substitute the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point into the fitted relationship between weathering layer thickness and average velocity to obtain the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to the physical point as the basic average velocity of the weathering layer of the physical point.

[0110] Step S245: Using the average velocity of the weathering layer of known survey points within the preset range of the physical point as the correction benchmark, the average velocity of the basic weathering layer is corrected by assigning weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance using the distance weighting method, so as to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer of the physical point.

[0111] Specifically, it is determined using the following formula 6:

[0112]

[0113] in, The average velocity of the weathering layer calculated for this physical point; The number of survey points searched; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the average velocity of the weathering layer at the i-th survey point.

[0114] Step S25 involves constructing a surface structure model of the weathered zone in the study area based on the weathering layer thickness and average weathering velocity corresponding to each physical point.

[0115] From the surface elevation of this survey line and the high-velocity top curve of the bottom boundary of the weathered layer (see...) Figure 9 ), the average velocity curve of the weathering layer (see Figure 10As can be seen from the data, the surface model established by this method has a smoother high-velocity top surface morphology than the surface model established by the conventional method, eliminating local protrusions. The high-velocity top morphology is more consistent with the subsidence pattern of the thick weathered zone, and the average velocity value of the weathered layer also eliminates the abrupt changes in velocity values ​​in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

[0116] Further comparison of the accuracy of the two modeling methods, in Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the study, both ultra-deep micrologging wells B and C participated in the establishment of surface structures using both the proposed method and the conventional method. Ultra-deep micrologging well A did not participate in the establishment of surface structures using either method or the conventional method. The differences in accuracy between the surface structures obtained by the two modeling methods and the interpretation results of micrologging well A are shown in Table 1. The table shows that the proposed method better preserves the surface survey information of micrologging well A, and the accuracy of the surface data established by the proposed method is higher than that of the conventional method.

[0117] Table 1. Comparison of Accuracy of Different Surface Structure Establishment Methods

[0118]

[0119] This invention rapidly establishes the surface structure of a thick weathered layer through the aforementioned steps. Utilizing time-depth data from survey points exhibiting and not exhibiting high-velocity conditions within the work area, the relationship between weathered layer thickness and relative elevation, and between weathered layer thickness and average velocity, is obtained through fitting. The weathered layer thickness and average velocity are then corrected using a distance-weighted method. Compared to conventional modeling methods, this approach improves the accuracy of the surface structure without requiring ultra-deep micro-logging, meeting the requirements for excitation parameter design and field data processing.

[0120] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a device for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone, referring to... Figure 11 As shown, the device may include: a relative elevation data determination module 111, a survey point determination module 112, a weathering layer thickness determination module 113, a weathering layer average velocity determination module 114, and a construction module 115. Its working principle is as follows:

[0121] The relative elevation data determination module 111 is used to determine the relative elevation data of each physical point in the study area based on the surface elevation data in the study area; wherein, the relative elevation data includes: the relative elevation value, slope value and median slope value corresponding to each physical point.

[0122] The survey point determination module 112 is used to filter the physical points in the study area that have obtained the velocity of the high-speed layer from the surface survey, according to a preset distance interval, so as to determine the survey points in the study area.

[0123] The weathering layer thickness determination module 113 is used to determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the study area based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area.

[0124] The weathering layer average velocity determination module 114 is used to fit a time-depth curve based on the time-depth data of the micro-logging survey in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, and fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area to determine the weathering layer average velocity corresponding to each physical point.

[0125] Module 115 is used to construct a surface structure model of the weathered zone in the study area based on the weathered layer thickness and average weathered layer velocity corresponding to each physical point.

[0126] In an optional embodiment, the weathering layer thickness determination module 113 is specifically used for:

[0127] Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points;

[0128] If the number of known survey points is zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point.

[0129] If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to obtain the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point as the basic weathering layer thickness.

[0130] Using the weathering layer thickness of known survey points within a preset range of the physical points as the correction benchmark, the physical points are assigned weight coefficients according to their distance to correct the basic weathering layer thickness, thereby determining the weathering layer thickness of the physical points.

[0131] The weathering layer thickness determination module 113 is used to perform correction using the following formula:

[0132]

[0133] in, The thickness of the weathering layer at the physical point; The number of survey points within a preset radius; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the thickness of the weathered layer at the i-th survey point.

[0134] In another optional embodiment, the weathering layer average velocity determination module 114 is specifically used to determine known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical point;

[0135] If the number of known survey points is zero, then the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at that physical point.

[0136] If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the fitted relationship between weathering layer thickness and average velocity to obtain the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to the physical point as the basic average velocity of the weathering layer of the physical point.

[0137] Using the average velocity of the weathering layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical point as the correction benchmark, the average velocity of the basic weathering layer is corrected by assigning weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance using a distance-weighted method, so as to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at the physical point.

[0138] The average velocity determination module 114 for weathering layers is used for correction using the following formula:

[0139]

[0140] in, The average velocity of the weathering layer calculated for this physical point; This represents the number of survey points to be searched within a preset radius. Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the average velocity of the weathering layer at the i-th survey point.

[0141] In another optional embodiment, the weathering layer average velocity determination module 114 is specifically used for:

[0142] Based on the time-depth data from the micrologging survey in the study area, time-depth curves were fitted to determine the initial velocity, variation coefficient, and power exponent value.

[0143] Based on the initial velocity, the coefficient of variation, and the power exponent value, the relationship between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area is determined.

[0144] The thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity of the weathered layer are integrated to fit the relationship between the thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity in the study area.

[0145] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered zone.

[0146] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the above-mentioned method for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered zone.

[0147] The principles by which the above-described apparatus, client, medium, related equipment, and system in this embodiment solve the problem are similar to those of the aforementioned method. Therefore, their implementation can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned method, and repeated details will not be repeated.

[0148] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0149] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0150] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0151] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0152] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone, characterized in that, include: Based on the surface elevation data within the study area, the relative elevation data of each physical point within the study area is determined; wherein, the relative elevation data includes: the relative elevation value, slope value, and median slope position corresponding to each physical point; Physical points with high-speed layer velocities obtained from surface surveys within the study area are filtered according to preset distance intervals to determine the survey points within the study area. Based on the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness in the study area and the relative elevation data is determined, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area. Based on the fitted time-depth curve of the time-depth data of the micro-logging survey in the study area, the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area is determined. The correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area is fitted to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point. Based on the weathering layer thickness and average weathering velocity corresponding to each physical point, a surface structure model of the weathering zone in the study area is constructed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point within the study area includes: Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points; If the number of known survey points is zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point. If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, then the relative elevation, slope and median slope of the physical point are substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the relative elevation data in the fitted study area to obtain the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point as the basic weathering layer thickness. Using the weathering layer thickness of known survey points within a preset range of the physical points as the correction benchmark, the physical points are assigned weight coefficients according to their distance to correct the basic weathering layer thickness, thereby determining the weathering layer thickness of the physical points.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the weathered layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical points is used as the correction benchmark. A distance-weighted method is used to assign weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance to correct the basic weathered layer thickness. Specifically, the correction is performed using the following formula: ； in, The thickness of the weathering layer at the physical point; The number of survey points within a preset radius; Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the thickness of the weathered layer at the i-th survey point.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to each physical point includes: Determine the known survey points within the preset radius range of the physical points; If the number of known survey points is zero, then the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at that physical point. If the number of known survey points is greater than zero, the weathering layer thickness corresponding to the physical point is substituted into the fitted relationship between weathering layer thickness and average velocity to obtain the average velocity of the weathering layer corresponding to the physical point as the basic average velocity of the weathering layer of the physical point. Using the average velocity of the weathering layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical point as the correction benchmark, the average velocity of the basic weathering layer is corrected by assigning weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance using a distance-weighted method, so as to determine the average velocity of the weathering layer at the physical point.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The average velocity of the weathering layer at known survey points within a preset range of the physical points is used as the correction benchmark. A distance-weighted method is used to assign weight coefficients to the physical points according to their distance to correct the average velocity of the basic weathering layer. Specifically, the correction is performed using the following formula: ； in, The average velocity of the weathering layer calculated for this physical point; This represents the number of survey points within a preset radius. Let i be the weight of the i-th survey point; Let be the average velocity of the weathering layer at the i-th survey point.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fitting of time-depth curves based on the time-depth data from micro-logging surveys within the study area, determining the correspondence between weathered layer thickness and average velocity at each survey point within the study area, and fitting the correspondence between weathered layer thickness and average velocity within the study area, includes: Based on the time-depth data from the micrologging survey in the study area, time-depth curves were fitted to determine the initial velocity, variation coefficient, and power exponent value. Based on the initial velocity, the coefficient of variation, and the power exponent value, the relationship between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area is determined. The thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity of the weathered layer are integrated to fit the relationship between the thickness of the weathered layer and the average velocity in the study area.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The determination of the relative elevation data of each physical point within the study area based on surface elevation data within the study area includes: The elevation datum of the study area is determined by calculating the actual measurement results within the study area using the full principal component Gaussian-Jordan elimination method. The distance between the surface elevation data of the physical point and the elevation datum is used as the relative elevation value of the physical point, and a relative elevation curve is formed. Using the surface elevation data curve and the relative elevation curve included in the surface elevation data, the relative elevation value, slope value and median slope value corresponding to each physical point in the study area are determined.

8. A device for constructing a surface structure model of a weathered zone, characterized in that, include: The relative elevation data determination module is used to determine the relative elevation data of each physical point in the study area based on the surface elevation data in the study area; wherein, the relative elevation data includes: the relative elevation value, slope value and median slope value corresponding to each physical point; The survey point determination module is used to filter the physical points in the study area that have obtained the velocity of the high-speed layer from the surface survey, according to a preset distance interval, in order to determine the survey points in the study area. The weathering layer thickness determination module is used to determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness in the study area and the relative elevation data corresponding to each survey point in the study area, so as to determine the weathering layer thickness corresponding to each physical point in the study area. The weathering layer average velocity determination module is used to fit a time-depth curve based on the time-depth data of the micro-logging survey in the study area, determine the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity at each survey point in the study area, and fit the correspondence between the weathering layer thickness and the average velocity in the study area to determine the weathering layer average velocity corresponding to each physical point. A construction module is used to construct a surface structure model of the weathered zone in the study area based on the weathered layer thickness and average weathered layer velocity corresponding to each physical point.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements the method for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered zone as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method for constructing the surface structure model of the weathered zone as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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