Refrigerant-containing composition, use thereof, and refrigerator using the same and operation method of the refrigerator

Abstract

The present application solves the technical problem of providing a refrigerant composition having all of the three properties of having a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently small GWP, and being slightly flammable (2L class) according to the standard of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The present application solves the technical problem by providing a composition containing a refrigerant containing CO2 and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf) in a specific mixing ratio.

Description

[0001] This case is filed on the date of application. April 16, 2020 Application number is 202080029061.4(PCT / JP2020 / 016787) The invention is named Compositions containing refrigerants, their uses, and the refrigeration units using them and their operation. method A divisional application of the patent application. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to compositions containing refrigerants, their uses, refrigerators having the same, and methods of operating the refrigerators. Background Technology

[0003] R410A is currently used as a refrigerant for household air conditioners and other applications. R410A is a two-component mixture of difluoromethane (CH2F2; HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C2HF5; HFC-125 or R125), and is an azeotropic composition.

[0004] However, R410A has a global warming factor (GWP) of 2088, and due to growing concerns about global warming, R32 with a GWP of 675 is more commonly used.

[0005] Therefore, various low-GWP mixed refrigerants that can replace R410A have been proposed (Patent Document 1).

[0006] Existing technical documents

[0007] Patent documents

[0008] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2015 / 186557 Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0010] The inventors of this invention, through independent research, discovered that no refrigerant composition has yet been developed in the prior art that combines the three properties of having the same refrigeration capacity (sometimes also labeled as cooling capacity or capacity) as R410A, sufficiently low GWP, and being classified as microflammable (2L class) according to the American Society for Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering (ASHRAE) standards. This invention aims to solve this unique technical problem.

[0011] Technical solutions for solving technical problems

[0012] Item 1. A refrigerant composition, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf), wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y, and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass percentages.

[0013] When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, which connect the following seven points: I, J, K, L, B"D, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0014] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0015] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0016] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0017] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0018] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w+49.5), point D(-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683),

[0019] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0020] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, which connect the following seven points: I, J, K, L, B"D, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0021] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0022] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0023] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0024] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0025] Point B"(51.6,0.0,48.4-w)

[0026] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0027] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0028] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, which connect the following seven points: I, J, K, L, B"D, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0029] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0030] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0031] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0032] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0033] Point B"(51.6,0.0,48.4-w)

[0034] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0035] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0036] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means,

[0037] Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x).2 -1.2222x + 67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x+32.324-w) means,

[0038] Curve KL is formed by coordinates (x, 0.0049x). 2 -0.8842x + 61.488, -0.0049x 2 (-0.1158x+38.512-w) represents this.

[0039] Item 2. A composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf), wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y, and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-w) mass percentages.

[0040] When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the five points I, J, K, F, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0041] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0042] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0043] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0044] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997),

[0045] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0046] When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI (excluding points on line CI) connecting the five points I, J, K, F, and C respectively.

[0047] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0048] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0049] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0050] Point F(36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5),

[0051] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0052] When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, respectively, connecting the six points I, J, K, B′, D, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0053] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0054] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0055] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0056] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0057] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0058] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0059] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, respectively, connecting the six points I, J, K, B′, D, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0060] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0061] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0062] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0063] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0064] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0065] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0066] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means,

[0067] Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x). 2 -1.2222x + 67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x+32.324-w) represents.

[0068] Item 3. A composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages.

[0069] When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the four points I, J, E, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0070] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0071] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0072] Point E(18.2, -1.1111w) 2 -3.1667w +31.9,1.1111w 2 +2.1667w+49.9),

[0073] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0074] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the four points I, J, E, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0075] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0076] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0077] Point E(-0.0365w + 18.26, 0.0623w) 2 -4.5381w +31.856, -0.0623w 2 +3.5746w +49.884),

[0078] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0079] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the points I, J, E, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0080] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0081] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0082] Point E(18.1, 0.0444w) 2 -4.3556w +31.411, -0.0444w 2 +3.3556w +50.489),

[0083] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0084] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x2 +0.716x+28-w) represents this.

[0085] Item 4. A composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages.

[0086] When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves GO and OP, and the lines PB", B"D, and DG (excluding points on line B"D), which connect the points G, O, P, B", and D respectively.

[0087] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0088] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0089] Point P(51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8),

[0090] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w+49.5), point D(-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683),

[0091] When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves GN, NO, and OP connecting the six points G, N, O, P, B", and D, as well as the lines PB", B"D, and DG, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line B"D).

[0092] Point G(-5.8333w) 2-3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0093] Point N(18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4w+54.1)

[0094] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0095] Point P(51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8),

[0096] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w+49.5), point D(-2.9167w+40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w+59.683), and,

[0097] The curve GO is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0 < w ≤ 0.6. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0098] The curve GN is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 +(-0.3582w 2 +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w+43.824,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0099] The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0100] The curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0074w) when 0 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0133w + 0.0064)x 2 +(-0.5839w 2 +1.0268w-0.7103)x+11.472w 2 -17.455w+40.07,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0101] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, and the lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM, which connect the following eight points: M, W, N, O, P, B"D, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CM).

[0102] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0103] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0104] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0105] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725),

[0106] Point P(51.7, -0.2381w) 2 +1.881w +20.186,0.2381w 2 -2.881w + 28.114)

[0107] Point B"(51.6,0.0,-w+48.4)

[0108] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0109] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0110] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0111] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0112] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0113] Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.000463w)). 2 +0.0024w-0.0011)x 2 +(0.0457w 2 -0.2581w -0.075)x -1.355w 2 +8.749w+27.096,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0114] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, and the lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM, which connect the following eight points: M, W, N, O, P, B"D, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CM).

[0115] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0116] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0117] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w +50.389),

[0118] Point O(36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244),

[0119] Point P(51.7, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +21.633,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +26.667)

[0120] Point B"(51.6,0.0,-w+48.4)

[0121] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0122] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0123] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2+0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0124] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0125] Curve NO is located at coordinates (x, 0.0082x). 2 +(0.0022w 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w+42.327,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0126] Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.0006258w). 2 +0.0066w-0.0153)x 2 +(0.0516w 2 -0.5478w + 0.9894) x -1.074w 2 +11.651w+10.992,100-w-x-y) represents this.

[0127] Item 5. A composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages.

[0128] When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by the curve GO, the line OF, and the line FG connecting the three points G, O, and F respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments.

[0129] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0130] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0131] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997), and,

[0132] The curve GO is formed by coordinates (x, (0.00487w). 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0133] When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves GN and NO, and lines OF and FG, which connect the following four points: G, N, O, and F, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments.

[0134] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0135] Point N(18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3.0w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4.0w +54.1)

[0136] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0137] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997), and,

[0138] The curve GN is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 +(-0.3582w 2+0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w+43.824,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0139] The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0140] When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, and NO, as well as the lines OF, FC, and CM, which connect the following six points: M, W, N, O, F, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CM).

[0141] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0142] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0143] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0144] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725),

[0145] Point F(36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5),

[0146] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0147] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0148] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0149] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0150] When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, and NO, and the lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, which connect the seven points M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CM).

[0151] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0152] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0153] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0154] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725),

[0155] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0156] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0157] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0158] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0159] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0160] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x+(-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078),100-w-x-y) represents,

[0161] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, and NO, and the lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, which connect the points M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CM).

[0162] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0163] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0164] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w +50.389),

[0165] Point O(36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244),

[0166] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0167] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0168] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0169] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0170] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0171] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0082x)). 2 +(0.0022w 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w+42.327,100-w-x-y) represents.

[0172] Item 6. A composition containing a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant contains CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, wherein the mass percentages of CO2 and R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, based on their sum, are set as w and x, y and z, respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages.

[0173] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves MW and WN, and lines NE, EC, and CM (excluding points on line CM) connecting the five points M, W, N, E, and C respectively.

[0174] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0175] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0176] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0177] Point E(-0.0365w + 18.26, 0.0623w) 2 -4.5381w +31.856, -0.0623w 2 +3.5746w +49.884),

[0178] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0179] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0180] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0181] For the condition 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area bounded by curves MW and WN, and lines NE, EC, and CM (excluding points on line CM) connecting the points M, W, N, E, and C respectively.

[0182] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0183] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0184] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w +50.389),

[0185] Point E(18.1, 0.0444w) 2 -4.3556w +31.411, -0.0444w 2 +3.3556w +50.489),

[0186] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0187] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0188] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents.

[0189] Item 7. The composition of any one of items 1 to 6, further comprising refrigeration oil, wherein the composition is used as a working fluid for a refrigeration unit.

[0190] Item 8. The composition of any one of items 1 to 7, which is used as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.

[0191] Item 9. Use of the composition of any one of items 1 to 7 as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.

[0192] Item 10. A refrigeration machine comprising, as any one of items 1 to 7, the composition as the working fluid.

[0193] Item 11. A method of operating a refrigeration machine, comprising the step of using the composition described in any one of items 1 to 7 as a working fluid and circulating it in the refrigeration machine.

[0194] Invention Effects

[0195] The refrigerant of this invention has three properties: equivalent cooling capacity to R410A, sufficiently low GWP, and low flammability (2L class) according to ASHRAE standards. Attached Figure Description

[0196] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device used to measure the combustion rate.

[0197] Figure 2 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 100% by mass.

[0198] Figure 3It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 99.4% by mass (CO2 content is 0.6% by mass).

[0199] Figure 4 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 98.8% by mass (CO2 content is 1.2% by mass).

[0200] Figure 5 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 98.7% by mass (CO2 content is 1.3% by mass).

[0201] Figure 6 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 97.5% by mass (CO2 content is 2.5% by mass).

[0202] Figure 7 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 96% by mass (containing 4% by mass of CO2).

[0203] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 94.5% by mass (CO2 content is 5.5% by mass).

[0204] Figure 9 It is a diagram showing the dots and lines that define the refrigerant of the present invention in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf is 93% by mass (containing 7% by mass of CO2). Detailed Implementation

[0205] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the inventors of the present invention conducted careful research and found that a mixed refrigerant containing CO2 as well as R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf has the above-mentioned characteristics.

[0206] This invention is the result of repeated research based on such insights. The invention includes the following embodiments.

[0207] <Definition of Terms>

[0208] In this specification, the term "refrigerant" includes at least compounds designated with a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) beginning with "R" as specified by ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and also compounds that possess equivalent refrigerant properties without a refrigerant number. From a structural perspective, refrigerants are broadly classified into "fluorocarbon compounds" and "non-fluorocarbon compounds." "Fluorocarbon compounds" include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Examples of "non-fluorocarbon compounds" include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), and ammonia (R717).

[0209] In this specification, the term "composition containing refrigerant" includes at least: (1) a refrigerant itself (including mixtures of refrigerants); (2) a composition that also contains other components and is capable of being used to obtain a working fluid for a refrigeration unit by mixing with at least refrigeration oil; and (3) a working fluid for a refrigeration unit containing refrigeration oil. In this specification, of these three methods, the composition of (2) is distinguished from the refrigerant itself (including mixtures of refrigerants) and is labeled as "refrigerant composition". In addition, the working fluid for a refrigeration unit of (3) is distinguished from "refrigerant composition" and is labeled as "working fluid containing refrigeration oil".

[0210] In this specification, the term "replacement" refers to a situation where, in a context where a second refrigerant is used to "replace" a first refrigerant, as a first type, equipment designed to operate using the first refrigerant can operate under optimal conditions using the second refrigerant with only minor changes and adjustments to components (refrigeration oil, gaskets, liners, expansion valves, dryers, and at least one of other components) as required. That is, this type refers to equipment that operates the same way by "replacing" the refrigerant. As methods of "replacement" of this type, in order of increasing degree of change and adjustment required when replacing with the second refrigerant, there are "drop-in replacement," "nealy drop-in replacement," and "retrofit."

[0211] As a second type, it also includes equipment designed to operate using a second refrigerant, which carries the second refrigerant and is used for the same purpose as the existing use of the first refrigerant. This type refers to "replacing" the refrigerant while providing the same purpose.

[0212] In this specification, the term "refrigerator" refers to any device that reduces the temperature of an object or space to a lower temperature than the surrounding external atmosphere and maintains that low temperature. In other words, a refrigerator is a device that performs energy conversion by obtaining energy from the outside to move heat from a colder object to a warmer object.

[0213] In this specification, "WCF (Worst Case of Flammability)" means that the burning rate of the worst case of formulation for flammability (WCF) is less than 10 cm / s according to the American ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 standard. Additionally, in this specification, "ASHRAE (Worst Case of Flammability)" means that the burning rate of WCF is less than 10 cm / s, and the burning rate of the worst case of fractionation for flammability (WCFF) determined by leakage tests conducted using WCF during storage, transportation, and use based on ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 is less than 10 cm / s, and the flammability rating according to the American ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 standard is "2L".

[0214] 1. refrigerant

[0215] 1.1 Refrigerant composition

[0216] The refrigerant of the present invention is a mixed refrigerant containing CO2 as well as R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf.

[0217] The refrigerant of the present invention possesses all the desirable characteristics of a refrigerant as an alternative to R410A, such as having the same cooling capacity as R410A, sufficiently low GWP, and being slightly flammable.

[0218] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when CO2 and the total mass percentages of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf are respectively set as w and x, y and z, in a three-component composition diagram where the total mass percentages of R32, HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf are (100-w) mass%, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure enclosed by curves IJ, JK and KL connecting the following seven points: I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, and lines LB", B"D, DC and CI, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0219] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0220] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0221] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0222] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0223] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w +49.5)

[0224] Point D(-2.9167w+40.317,0.0,1.9167w+59.683),

[0225] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0226] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the points are located within the area bounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, respectively, connecting the seven points I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0227] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0228] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0229] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0230] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0231] Point B"(51.6,0.0,48.4-w)

[0232] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0233] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0234] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the points are located within the area bounded by curves IJ, JK, and KL, and lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, respectively, connecting the seven points I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CI).

[0235] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0236] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0237] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0238] Point L(51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w),

[0239] Point B"(51.6,0.0,48.4-w)

[0240] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0241] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0242] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means,

[0243] Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x). 2 -1.2222x + 67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x+32.324-w) means,

[0244] Curve KL is formed by coordinates (x, 0.0049x). 2 -0.8842x + 61.488, -0.0049x 2 (-0.1158x+38.512-w) represents this.

[0245] The refrigerant of the present invention has a refrigeration capacity ratio of over 80% based on R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and is a WCF micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0246] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) are set as w and x, y, and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, the preferred coordinates are (x, y, z).

[0247] When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the points are located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, respectively, connecting the five points I, J, K, F, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0248] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0249] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0250] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0251] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997),

[0252] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0253] When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the point is located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI (excluding points on line CI).

[0254] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0255] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0256] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0257] Point F(36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5),

[0258] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0259] When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, which connect the following six points: I, J, K, B′, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0260] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0261] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0262] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0263] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0264] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0265] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0266] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, which connect the following six points: I, J, K, B′, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0267] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0268] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0269] Point K(36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w),

[0270] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0271] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0272] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7, and,

[0273] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2-1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means,

[0274] Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x). 2 -1.2222x + 67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x+32.324-w) represents the refrigerant of the present invention. When the refrigerant of the present invention meets the above conditions, the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, the GWP is 250 or less, and it is a WCF micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0275] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) are respectively set as w and x, y, and z, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, the preferred coordinates are (x, y, z).

[0276] When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the points are located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, respectively, connecting the points I, J, E, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0277] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0278] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0279] Point E(18.2, -1.1111w) 2 -3.1667w +31.9,1.1111w 2 +2.1667w+49.9),

[0280] Point C(0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683),

[0281] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the four points I, J, E, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0282] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0283] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0284] Point E(-0.0365w + 18.26, 0.0623w) 2 -4.5381w +31.856, -0.0623w 2 +3.5746w +49.884),

[0285] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553),

[0286] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, which connect the four points I, J, E, and C respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CI).

[0287] Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w),

[0288] Point J(18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w),

[0289] Point E(18.1, 0.0444w) 2 -4.3556w +31.411, -0.0444w 2 +3.3556w +50.489),

[0290] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0291] Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) is represented as follows. When the refrigerant of the present invention meets the above conditions, its refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, its GWP is 125 or less, and it is a WCF micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0292] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) are set as w and x, y, and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, the preferred coordinates are (x, y, z).

[0293] When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, the points are located within the area bounded by curves GO and OP, and lines PB", B"D, and DG (excluding points on line B"D).

[0294] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0295] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0296] Point P(51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8),

[0297] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w +49.5)

[0298] Point D(-2.9167w+40.317,0.0,1.9167w+59.683),

[0299] When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, the point is located within the area bounded by curves GN, NO, and OP connecting the six points G, N, O, P, B", and D, as well as lines PB", B"D, and DG, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line B"D).

[0300] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0301] Point N(18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4w+54.1)

[0302] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2+1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0303] Point P(51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8),

[0304] Point B"(-1.5278w 2 +2.75w +50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 -3.75w +49.5)

[0305] Point D(-2.9167w+40.317,0.0,1.9167w+59.683), and,

[0306] The curve GO is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0 < w ≤ 0.6. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0307] The curve GN is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 +(-0.3582w 2 +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w+43.824,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0308] The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0309] The curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0074w) when 0 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0133w + 0.0064)x 2 +(-0.5839w 2+1.0268w-0.7103)x+11.472w 2 -17.455w+40.07,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0310] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the points are located within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, which connect the eight points M, W, N, O, P, B", D, and C respectively, as well as the lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CM).

[0311] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0312] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w +55.57)

[0313] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0314] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 +0-2.4381w+38.725),

[0315] Point P(51.7, -0.2381w) 2 +1.881w +20.186,0.2381w 2 -2.881w + 28.114)

[0316] Point B"(51.6,0.0,-w+48.4)

[0317] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0318] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0319] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0320] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0321] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0322] Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.000463w)). 2 +0.0024w-0.0011)x 2 +(0.0457w 2 -0.2581w -0.075)x -1.355w 2 +8.749w+27.096,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0323] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the points are located within the area bounded by the curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, which connect the following eight points: M, W, N, O, P, B", D, and C, respectively, as well as the lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on lines B"D and CM).

[0324] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0325] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2+1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0326] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w +50.389),

[0327] Point O(36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244),

[0328] Point P(51.7, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +21.633,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +26.667)

[0329] Point B"(51.6,0.0,-w+48.4)

[0330] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0331] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0332] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0333] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0334] Curve NO is located at coordinates (x, 0.0082x). 2+(0.0022w 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w+42.327,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0335] Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.0006258w). 2 +0.0066w-0.0153)x 2 +(0.0516w 2 -0.5478w + 0.9894) x -1.074w 2 +11.651w+10.992,100-w-x-y) represents the refrigerant of the present invention. When the refrigerant of the present invention meets the above conditions, its refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, its GWP is 350 or less, and it is an ASHRAE micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0336] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum are set as w and x, y, and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-a) mass percentages, the preferred coordinates are (x, y, z).

[0337] When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, it lies within the area bounded by the curve GO, the line OF, and the line FG, which connect the three points G, O, and F respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments.

[0338] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 -1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0339] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0340] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997), and,

[0341] The curve GO is formed by coordinates (x, (0.00487w). 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2+0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0342] When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, it lies within the area bounded by curves GN and NO, and lines OF and FG, which connect the following four points: G, N, O, and F, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments.

[0343] Point G(-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2,7.0833w 2 -1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w+51.6),

[0344] Point N(18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3.0w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4.0w +54.1)

[0345] Point O(36.8, 0.8333w) 2 +1.8333w +22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w+40.6)

[0346] Point F(-0.0833w+36.717,-4.0833w+5.1833,3.1666w+58.0997), and,

[0347] The curve GN is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 +(-0.3582w 2 +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w+43.824,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0348] The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 +(-0.279w 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w+37.512,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0349] When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the points are located within the area bounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, as well as lines OF, FC, and CM (excluding points on line CM).

[0350] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0351] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0352] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0353] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 -1.4384w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725),

[0354] Point F(36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5),

[0355] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0356] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0357] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0358] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0359] When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, which connect the following seven points: M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CM).

[0360] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0361] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0362] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0363] Point O(36.8, -0.1392w) 2 -1.4384w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725),

[0364] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0365] Point D(-2.8226w+40.211,0.0,1.8226w+59.789),

[0366] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2+4.169w+41.553), and,

[0367] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0368] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0369] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (−0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w+0.0037)x 2 +(0.0375w 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x+(-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078),100-w-x-y) represents,

[0370] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, which connect the following seven points: M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C, respectively, or on the aforementioned line segments (excluding points on line CM).

[0371] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0372] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0373] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2-2.3778w +50.389),

[0374] Point O(36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244),

[0375] Point B′(36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4)

[0376] Point D (-2.8w+40.1,0.0,1.8w+59.9),

[0377] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0378] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0379] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0380] Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0082x)). 2 +(0.0022w 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w+42.327,100-w-x-y) represents the refrigerant of the present invention. When the refrigerant of the present invention meets the above conditions, the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, the GWP is 250 or less, and it is an ASHRAE micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0381] Regarding the refrigerant of the present invention, when the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum are set as w and x, y, and z respectively, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100-a) mass percentages, the preferred coordinates are (x, y, z).

[0382] When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves MW and WN, and lines NE, EC, and CM (excluding points on line CM) connecting the five points M, W, N, E, and C respectively.

[0383] Point M(0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47)

[0384] Point W(10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w + 55.578),

[0385] Point N(18.2, -0.3773w) 2 +3.319w +28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w +53.54)

[0386] Point E(-0.0365w + 18.26, 0.0623w) 2 -4.5381w +31.856, -0.0623w 2 +3.5746w +49.884),

[0387] Point C(0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w +58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w+41.553), and,

[0388] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0043w) 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 +(-0.0493w 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0389] Curve WN is derived from coordinates (x, (0.0055w) 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 +(-0.1571w 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w+54.044,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0390] When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the point is located within the area bounded by curves MW and WN, and lines NE, EC, and CM (excluding points on line CM) connecting the five points M, W, N, E, and C respectively.

[0391] Point M(0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133,0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867)

[0392] Point W(10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w+50.733),

[0393] Point N(18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w +50.389),

[0394] Point E(18.1, 0.0444w) 2 -4.3556w +31.411, -0.0444w 2 +3.3556w +50.489),

[0395] Point C(0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w+41.7), and,

[0396] Curve MW is derived from coordinates (x, (0.00357w) 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 +(-0.0356w 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103,100-w-x-y) represents,

[0397] The curve WN is formed by coordinates (x, (−0.002061w) 2 +0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 +(0.0556w 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w+43.383,100-w-x-y) represents the refrigerant of the present invention. When the refrigerant of the present invention meets the above conditions, its refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80% or more, its GWP is 125 or less, and it is an ASHRAE micro-flammable refrigerant.

[0398] Without impairing the aforementioned properties and effects, the refrigerant of the present invention may contain other additional refrigerants besides CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf. In this regard, the refrigerant of the present invention preferably contains at least 99.5% by mass of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf in total, more preferably at least 99.75% by mass, and even more preferably at least 99.9% by mass.

[0399] There are no particular limitations on the type of refrigerant that can be added, and a wide range of options are available. As an additional refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant can contain only one type or two or more types.

[0400] 1.2 use

[0401] The refrigerant of the present invention can be preferably used as the working fluid of a refrigeration machine.

[0402] The compositions of the present invention are suitable for use as alternative refrigerants to R410A.

[0403] 2. Refrigerant Composition

[0404] The refrigerant composition of the present invention contains at least the refrigerant of the present invention and can be used for the same purposes as the refrigerant of the present invention. Furthermore, the refrigerant composition of the present invention can also be used to mix with at least refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for refrigeration machines.

[0405] In addition to the refrigerant of the present invention, the refrigerant composition of the present invention also contains at least one other component. The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain at least one of the following other components as needed. As described above, when using the refrigerant composition of the present invention as the working fluid of a refrigeration machine, it is generally used after being mixed with at least refrigeration oil. Therefore, the refrigerant composition of the present invention preferably contains substantially no refrigeration oil. Specifically, regarding the refrigerant composition of the present invention, the content of refrigeration oil relative to the total refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.1% by mass.

[0406] 2.1 water

[0407] The refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain trace amounts of water. The water content in the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or less relative to the total refrigerant. By including trace amounts of water in the refrigerant composition, the intramolecular double bonds of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds contained in the refrigerant can be stabilized, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds is less likely to occur. Therefore, the stability of the refrigerant composition is improved.

[0408] 2.2 tracer

[0409] In the event of dilution, contamination, or any other changes to the refrigerant composition of the present invention, a tracer may be added to the refrigerant composition of the present invention at a detectable concentration in order to track such changes.

[0410] As a tracer, the refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain only one type or two or more types.

[0411] There are no particular limitations on the tracer used; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that will not form impurities that inevitably mix into the refrigerant of the present invention is selected as the tracer.

[0412] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, bromides, iodides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, and fluoroethers are particularly preferred as tracers.

[0413] The following compounds are particularly preferred as the tracers described above.

[0414] FC-14 (Tetrafluoromethane, CF4)

[0415] HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH3Cl)

[0416] HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF3)

[0417] HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH3Cl)

[0418] HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF3CHF2)

[0419] HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F)

[0420] HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CHF2)

[0421] HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF3CH3)

[0422] HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF2CH2F)

[0423] HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3)

[0424] HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH2FCH2F)

[0425] HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH3CH2F)

[0426] HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2)

[0427] HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3)

[0428] HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CHFCHF2)

[0429] HFC-227ea(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF3CHFCF3)

[0430] HCFC-22 (dichlorofluoromethane, CHClF2)

[0431] HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH2ClF)

[0432] CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2=CClF)

[0433] HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF3OCHF2)

[0434] HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF3OCH2F)

[0435] HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3)

[0436] HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF3OCHFCF3)

[0437] HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF3OCH2CF3)

[0438] The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

[0439] 2.3 Ultraviolet fluorescent dyes

[0440] As an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, the refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain one or more types of dyes.

[0441] As an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, there are no particular limitations; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0442] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalenediimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthracene, thioxanthracene, benzoxanthracene, and fluorescein, as well as their derivatives. Any one or both of naphthalenediimide and coumarin are particularly preferred as ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0443] 2.4 stabilizer

[0444] As a stabilizer, the refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain one or more types of stabilizers.

[0445] As a stabilizer, there are no particular limitations; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used stabilizers.

[0446] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0447] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene, as well as aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene.

[0448] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

[0449] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0450] In addition, butylated hydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, etc. can also be listed.

[0451] The proportion of stabilizer is not particularly limited, but it is generally preferred to be 0.01 to 5% by mass relative to the total refrigerant, and more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass.

[0452] 2.5 Polymerization inhibitor

[0453] As a polymerization inhibitor, the refrigerant composition of the present invention may contain one or more inhibitors.

[0454] As a polymerization inhibitor, there are no particular limitations; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

[0455] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

[0456] The proportion of the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, but it is generally preferred to be 0.01 to 5% by mass relative to the total refrigerant, and more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass.

[0457] 3. Working fluid containing refrigeration oil

[0458] The working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention contains at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition of the present invention and refrigeration oil, and is used as a working fluid for a refrigeration machine. Specifically, the working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention is obtained by mixing refrigeration oil used in the compressor of a refrigeration machine with a refrigerant or refrigerant composition. The working fluid containing refrigeration oil typically contains 10-50% by mass of refrigeration oil.

[0459] 3.1 Refrigeration oil

[0460] As a refrigeration oil, the composition of the present invention may contain only one type or two or more types.

[0461] As for refrigeration oil, there are no particular limitations, and it is appropriate to select from commonly used refrigeration oils. However, depending on the needs, considering factors such as improving the miscibility and stability of the aforementioned mixture, a superior refrigeration oil can be selected.

[0462] As a base oil for refrigeration oil, it is preferably selected from at least one of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).

[0463] In addition to the base oil, refrigeration oil may also contain additives. These additives may be at least one selected from antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, and defoamers.

[0464] For refrigeration oil, from a lubrication perspective, the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is preferably 5–400 cSt.

[0465] Depending on the requirements, the working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention may also contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizers, etc.

[0466] 3.2 Compatibilizer

[0467] As a compatibilizer, the working fluid containing refrigeration oil of the present invention may contain only one type or two or more types.

[0468] As a compatibilizer, there are no particular limitations; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used compatibilizers.

[0469] Examples of compatibilizers include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. Polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers are particularly preferred as compatibilizers.

[0470] 4. How to operate a refrigeration unit

[0471] The method of operating the refrigeration unit of the present invention is a method of operating the refrigeration unit using the refrigerant of the present invention.

[0472] Specifically, the method of operating the refrigeration machine of the present invention includes the step of circulating the refrigerant of the present invention within the refrigeration machine.

[0473] The embodiments have been described above, but it should be understood that various changes can be made to the methods and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims of this invention.

[0474] Example

[0475] The following examples illustrate the invention in more detail. However, the invention is not limited to these examples.

[0476] For CO2 and various refrigerant mixtures of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, combustion rates were determined according to ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013. While varying the CO2 concentration, the composition showing a combustion rate of 10 cm / s was identified. The identified compositions are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0477] Used for combustion rate testing Figure 1 The apparatus shown was used as follows. First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or higher purity and was degassed until no trace of air was visible on a vacuum gauge through repeated cycles of freezing, pumping, and thawing. The combustion rate was determined using a closed-loop method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was achieved by generating an electric spark in the center of the sample chamber between the electrodes. The discharge duration was 1.0–9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1–1.0 J. The flame propagation was visualized using schlieren. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) with two transparent acrylic windows was used as the sample chamber, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded using a high-speed digital camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

[0478] The combustion rate (Su(cm / s)) is expressed as the volume of unburned gas consumed per unit area of ​​flame surface per unit time, and is calculated using the following formula.

[0479] Su=Sb*ρu / ρb

[0480] Sb: Flame spread rate (cm / s);

[0481] ρu: Adiabatic flame temperature (unburned);

[0482] ρb: Adiabatic flame temperature (already ignited).

[0483] Sb is calculated from the schlieren video image, ρu is calculated from the measured temperature, and ρb is calculated from the heat of combustion and specific heat at constant pressure of the combustion gas.

[0484] Using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration, leakage simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 to determine the WCFF concentration.

[0485] [Table 1]

[0486] 0% CO2

[0487]

[0488] 0.6% CO2

[0489]

[0490] 1.2% CO2

[0491]

[0492] 1.3% CO2

[0493]

[0494] 2.5% CO2

[0495]

[0496] 4.0% CO2

[0497]

[0498] 5.5% CO2

[0499]

[0500] 7.0% CO2

[0501]

[0502] [Table 2] 0% CO2

[0503]

[0504] 0.6% CO2

[0505]

[0506] 1.2% CO2

[0507]

[0508] 1.3% CO2

[0509]

[0510] [Table 3]

[0511] 2.5% CO2

[0512]

[0513] 4.0% CO2

[0514]

[0515] 5.5% CO2

[0516]

[0517] 7.0% CO2

[0518]

[0519] Based on these results, when the mass percentage of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) is set as w, x, y, and z respectively, the mass percentage of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass%. Figures 2-9 In the 3-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) are on or below the line connecting points I, J, K, and L respectively, it is WCF micro-flammable.

[0520] It was also determined that, Figure 2 In the 3-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) are on or below the line connecting points M, N, O and P respectively, it is considered ASHRAE micro-fuel.

[0521] For R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf, their sum was used as a baseline, and they were mixed according to the mass percentages shown in Tables 3-10 to prepare mixed refrigerants. For each mixed refrigerant in Tables 3-10, the coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and refrigeration capacity ratio were calculated based on R410.

[0522] The GWP of compositions containing a mixture of R1234yf and R410A (R32 = 50% / R125 = 50%) was evaluated based on values ​​from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Fourth Report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E) is not recorded, but it is assumed to be 1 based on HFO-1132a (GWP = 1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP = 0.3, as described in Patent Document 1). The freezing capacity of compositions containing mixtures of R410A and HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined using the Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) of the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) under the following conditions: theoretical calculations of the refrigeration cycle of the mixed refrigerants.

[0523] Evaporation temperature: 5℃

[0524] Condensation temperature: 45℃

[0525] Superheat temperature: 5K

[0526] Supercooling temperature: 5K

[0527] E comp (Compression power): 0.7kWh.

[0528] These values, along with the GWP for each refrigerant mixture, are shown in Tables 3-10. Tables 3-10 represent CO2 concentrations of 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 2.5%, 4%, 5.5%, and 7%, respectively.

[0529] [Table 4]

[0530] 0% CO2

[0531]

[0532]

[0533]

[0534] [Table 5] 0.6% CO2

[0535]

[0536]

[0537]

[0538] [Table 6] 1.2% CO2

[0539]

[0540]

[0541]

[0542] [Table 7] 1.3% CO2

[0543]

[0544]

[0545]

[0546] [Table 8] 2.5% CO2

[0547]

[0548]

[0549]

[0550] [Table 9] 4% CO2

[0551]

[0552]

[0553]

[0554] [Table 10]

[0555] 5.5% CO2

[0556]

[0557]

[0558]

[0559] [Table 11] 7% CO2

[0560]

[0561]

[0562]

[0563] [Table 12]

[0564]

[0565]

[0566]

[0567]

[0568]

[0569]

[0570] [Table 13]

[0571]

[0572]

[0573]

[0574]

[0575]

[0576] [Table 14]

[0577]

[0578]

[0579]

[0580]

[0581]

[0582]

[0583] [Table 15]

[0584]

[0585]

[0586]

[0587]

[0588]

[0589]

[0590] [Table 16]

[0591]

[0592]

[0593]

[0594]

[0595] [Table 17]

[0596]

[0597]

[0598]

[0599]

[0600]

[0601]

[0602] [Table 18]

[0603]

[0604]

[0605]

[0606]

[0607]

[0608]

[0609] [Table 19]

[0610]

[0611]

[0612]

[0613]

[0614]

[0615]

[0616] [Table 20]

[0617] HFO-1132(E) quality% 47.5 47.5 50.0 50.0 52.5 55.0 R32 quality% 4.5 2.0 3.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 R1234yf quality% 44.0 46.5 42.5 45.0 41.5 40.0 <![CDATA[CO2]]> quality% 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP - 33 16 26 9 16 9 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 98.4 98.6 98.3 98.5 98.3 98.2 Freezing capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 88.4 86.3 88.9 86.8 88.9 89.4 Condensation slip ℃ 7.7 8.1 7.6 8.0 7.5 7.4

[0618] Based on these results, when the mass percentage of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) is set as w, x, y, and z respectively, the mass percentage of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass%. Figures 2-9 In the three-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) lie on the line A"B, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 350; when it lies further to the right of the line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 350. It was also determined that... Figures 2-9 In the three-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) lie on the line A′B′, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 250; when it lies further to the right of the line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 250. Therefore, it is determined that... Figures 2-9 In the 3-component composition diagram, when the coordinates (x, y, z) are on the line AB, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is 125; when it is located further to the right of the line, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is less than 125.

[0619] The straight line connecting points D and C is located slightly to the left of the curve connecting the point where the refrigeration capacity ratio based on R410A is 80%. Therefore, it is determined that when the coordinates (x, y, z) are located further to the left than the straight line connecting points D and C, the refrigeration capacity ratio of the mixed refrigerant based on R410A is 80% or higher.

[0620] The coordinates of points A and B, A′ and B′, and A" and B" are determined by approximating the points based on the tables listed above. Specifically, the calculations are performed as shown in Table 11 (points A and B), Table 12 (points A′ and B′), and Table 13 (points A" and B").

[0621] [Table 21]

[0622] Point A

[0623]

[0624] Point B

[0625]

[0626] [Table 22]

[0627] Point A'

[0628]

[0629] Point B'

[0630]

[0631] [Table 23]

[0632] Point A

[0633]

[0634] Point B

[0635]

[0636] The coordinates of points C through G are determined by deriving approximate formulas based on the points listed in the table above. The specific calculations are shown in Table 14.

[0637] [Table 24]

[0638] Point C

[0639]

[0640] Point D

[0641]

[0642] Point E

[0643]

[0644] Point F

[0645]

[0646] Point G

[0647]

[0648] [Table 25]

[0649] Point M

[0650]

[0651] Point W

[0652]

[0653] Point N

[0654]

[0655] Point O

[0656]

[0657] Point P

[0658]

[0659] The coordinates of points on curves IJ, JK, and KL are determined by approximating the points based on the formulas listed in the table above. The calculations are performed as shown in Table 15.

[0660] [Table 26]

[0661]

[0662] The coordinates of points on curves MW and WM are determined by approximating the points listed in the tables above. Specifically, the calculations are performed as shown in Table 16 (when 0% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 1.2% mass), Table 17 (when 1.2% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 4.0% mass), and Table 18 (when 4.0% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 7.0% mass).

[0663] [Table 27]

[0664] 1.2≥CO2>0

[0665]

[0666] [Table 28]

[0667] 4.0 ≥ CO2 ≥ 1.2

[0668]

[0669] [Table 29]

[0670] 7.0 ≥ CO2 ≥ 4.0

[0671]

[0672] The coordinates of points on curves NO and OP are determined by approximating the points listed in the tables above. Specifically, the calculations are performed as shown in Table 19 (when 0% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 1.2% mass), Table 20 (when 1.2% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 4.0% mass), and Table 21 (when 4.0% mass < CO2 concentration ≤ 7.0% mass).

[0673] [Table 30]

[0674] 1.2≥CO2>0

[0675]

[0676] [Table 31]

[0677] 4.0 ≥ CO2 ≥ 1.2

[0678]

[0679] [Table 32]

[0680] 7.0 ≥ CO2 ≥ 4.0

[0681]

[0682] Symbol Explanation

[0683] 1: Sample Chamber

[0684] 2: High-speed camera

[0685] 3: Xenon lamp

[0686] 4: Collimating lens

[0687] 5: Collimating lens

[0688] 6: Ring filter.

Claims

1. A composition containing a refrigerant, characterized in that: The refrigerant contains CO2, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf). When the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) are set as w, x, y, and z, respectively, and 0 < w ≤ 7.0, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves IJ, JK, and KL connecting the seven points I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, respectively, and the lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, excluding points on lines B"D and CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w), Point B" (-1.5278w 2 + 2.75w + 50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 - 3.75w + 49.5), Point D (-2.9167w + 40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w + 59.683) Point C (0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683); When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves IJ, JK, and KL connecting the seven points I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, respectively, and the lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, excluding points on lines B"D and CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w), Point B" (51.6, 0.0, 48.4 - w) Point D (-2.8226w + 40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w + 59.789) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves IJ, JK, and KL connecting the seven points I, J, K, L, B", D, and C, respectively, and the lines LB", B"D, DC, and CI, excluding points on lines B"D and CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point L (51.7, 28.9, 19.4 - w), Point B" (51.6, 0.0, 48.4 - w) Point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), Point C (0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7). and, Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means, Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x). 2 -1.2222x+67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x + 32.324 - w) means, Curve KL is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0049x). 2 -0.8842x+61.488, -0.0049x 2 -0.1158x + 38.512 - w) means, The composition also contains water in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the total refrigerant.

2. A composition containing a refrigerant, characterized in that: The refrigerant contains CO2, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propylene (R1234yf). When the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf (based on their sum) are set as w, x, y, and z, respectively, and 0 < w ≤ 7.0, in a three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, When 0 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, respectively, connecting the five points I, J, K, F, and C, or on the line segment described above, excluding points on line CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point F (-0.0833w + 36.717, -4.0833w + 5.1833, 3.1666w + 58.0997) Point C (0.0, -4.9167w + 58.317, 3.9167w + 41.683); When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KF, FC, and CI, respectively, connecting the five points I, J, K, F, and C, or on the line segment described above, excluding points on line CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point F (36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, respectively, excluding points on line CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point B′ (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) Point D (-2.8226w + 40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w + 59.789) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves IJ and JK, and lines KB′, B′D, DC, and CI, respectively, excluding points on line CI. Point I (0.0, 72.0, 28.0 - w), Point J (18.3, 48.5, 33.2 - w) Point K (36.8, 35.6, 27.6 - w), Point B′ (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) Point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), Point C (0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7). and, Curve IJ is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0236x). 2 -1.716x + 72, -0.0236x 2 +0.716x+28-w) means, Curve JK is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0095x). 2 -1.2222x+67.676, -0.0095x 2 +0.2222x + 32.324 - w) means, The composition also contains water in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the total refrigerant.

3. A composition containing a refrigerant, characterized in that: The refrigerant contains CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf. Let w, x, y, and z be the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum, respectively, and 0 < w ≤ 7.

0. In the three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves GO and OP, and lines PB", B"D, and DG, respectively, excluding points on line B"D. Point G (-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2, 7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w +51.6), Point O(36.8, 0.8333w 2 +1.8333w + 22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w + 40.6), Point P (51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8), Point B" (-1.5278w 2 + 2.75w + 50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 - 3.75w + 49.5), Point D (-2.9167w + 40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w + 59.683); When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves GN, NO, and OP connecting the six points G, N, O, P, B", and D, respectively, as well as the lines PB", B"D, and DG, excluding points on line B"D. Point G (-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2, 7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w +51.6), Point N (18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4w+54.1), Point O(36.8, 0.8333w 2 +1.8333w + 22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w + 40.6), Point P (51.7, 1.1111w) 2 +20.5, -1.1111w 2 -w+27.8), Point B" (-1.5278w 2 + 2.75w + 50.5, 0.0, 1.5278w 2 - 3.75w + 49.5), Point D (-2.9167w + 40.317, 0.0, 1.9167w + 59.683); and, The curve GO is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0 < w ≤ 0.

6. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 + (-0.279w) 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w + 37.512, 100 - w - x - y) represents, The curve GN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.

2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 + (-0.3582w) 2 +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w + 43.824, 100 - w - x - y) represents, The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.

2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 + (-0.279w) 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w + 37.512, 100 - w - x - y) represents, The curve OP is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0074w) when 0 < w ≤ 1.

2. 2 -0.0133w + 0.0064)x 2 + (-0.5839w) 2 +1.0268w-0.7103)x+11.472w 2 -17.455w + 40.07, 100-w-x-y) represents, When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within or on the line segment bounded by the curves MW, WN, NO, and OP connecting the eight points M, W, N, O, P, B", D, and C, respectively, as well as the lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM. Points on lines B"D and CM are excluded. Point M (0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47), Point W (10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w +55.578), Point N(18.2, -0.3773w 2 +3.319w + 28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w + 53.54), Point O (36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725), Point P (51.7, -0.2381w) 2 +1.881w +20.186, 0.2381w 2 -2.881w +28.114), Point B" (51.6, 0.0, -w+48.4) Point D (-2.8226w + 40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w + 59.789) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); and, The curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0043w)). 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 + (-0.0493w) 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y) represents, The curve WN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0055w)). 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 + (-0.1571w) 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w + 54.044, 100 - w - x - y) represents, Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w +0.0037)x 2 + (0.0375w) 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y) means, Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.000463w)). 2 +0.0024w - 0.0011)x 2 + (0.0457w) 2 -0.2581w-0.075)x-1.355w 2 +8.749w + 27.096, 100 - w - x - y) represents, When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves MW, WN, NO, and OP, and lines PB", B"D, DC, and CM, respectively, connecting the points M, W, N, O, P, B", D, and C, or on the line segments described above, excluding points on lines B"D and CM. Point M (0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133, 0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867), Point W (10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w +50.733), Point N (18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w + 50.389), Point O (36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244), Point P (51.7, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +21.633, 0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +26.667), Point B" (51.6, 0.0, -w+48.4) Point D (-2.8w+40.1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), Point C (0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7); and, Curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00357w)). 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 + (-0.0356w) 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y) means, The curve WN is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w)). 2 (+0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 + (0.0556w) 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w + 43.383, 100 - w - x - y) represents, Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, 0.0082x). 2 + (0.0022w) 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w + 42.327, 100 - w - x - y) means, Curve OP is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.0006258w)). 2 (+0.0066w-0.0153)x 2 + (0.0516w) 2 -0.5478w+0.9894)x-1.074w 2 +11.651w + 10.992, 100 - w - x - y) means, The composition also contains water in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the total refrigerant.

4. A composition containing a refrigerant, characterized in that: The refrigerant contains CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf. Let w, x, y, and z be the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum, respectively, and 0 < w ≤ 7.

0. In the three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, When 0 < w ≤ 0.6, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the curve GO, the line OF, and the line FG that connect the three points G, O, and F respectively, or on the line segment mentioned above. Point G (-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2, 7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w +51.6), Point O(36.8, 0.8333w 2 +1.8333w + 22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w + 40.6), Point F (-0.0833w + 36.717, -4.0833w + 5.1833, 3.1666w + 58.0997); and, The curve GO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w). 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 + (-0.279w) 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w + 37.512, 100 - w - x - y) represents, When 0.6 < w ≤ 1.2, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves GN and NO, and lines OF and FG, respectively, connecting the points G, N, O, and F. Point G (-5.8333w) 2 -3.1667w +22.2, 7.0833w 2 +1.4167w +26.2, -1.25w 2 +0.75w +51.6), Point N (18.2, 0.2778w) 2 +3.0w +27.7, -0.2778w 2 -4.0w +54.1), Point O(36.8, 0.8333w 2 +1.8333w + 22.6, -0.8333w 2 -2.8333w + 40.6), Point F (-0.0833w + 36.717, -4.0833w + 5.1833, 3.1666w + 58.0997); and, The curve GN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0122w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.

2. 2 -0.0113w + 0.0313)x 2 + (-0.3582w) 2 +0.1624w-1.4551)x+2.7889w 2 +3.7417w + 43.824, 100 - w - x - y) represents, The curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00487w) when 0.6 < w ≤ 1.

2. 2 -0.0059w + 0.0072)x 2 + (-0.279w) 2 +0.2844w-0.6701)x+3.7639w 2 -0.2467w + 37.512, 100 - w - x - y) represents, When 1.2 < w ≤ 1.3, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves MW, WN, and NO, and lines OF, FC, and CM, respectively connecting the points M, W, N, O, F, and C, excluding points on line CM. Point M (0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47), Point W (10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w +55.578), Point N(18.2, -0.3773w 2 +3.319w + 28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w + 53.54), Point O (36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725), Point F (36.6, -3w+3.9, 2w+59.5) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); and, The curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0043w)). 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 + (-0.0493w) 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y) represents, The curve WN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0055w)). 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 + (-0.1571w) 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w + 54.044, 100 - w - x - y) represents, Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w +0.0037)x 2 + (0.0375w) 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078, 100-w-x-y) means, When 1.3 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves MW, WN, and NO connecting the seven points M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C, respectively, as well as the lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, excluding points on line CM. Point M (0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47), Point W (10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w +55.578), Point N(18.2, -0.3773w 2 +3.319w + 28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w + 53.54), Point O (36.8, -0.1392w) 2 +1.4381w +24.475, 0.1392w 2 -2.4381w +38.725), Point B′ (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) Point D (-2.8226w + 40.211, 0.0, 1.8226w + 59.789) Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); and, The curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0043w)). 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 + (-0.0493w) 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y) represents, The curve WN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0055w)). 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 + (-0.1571w) 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w + 54.044, 100 - w - x - y) represents, Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.00062w)). 2 +0.0036w +0.0037)x 2 + (0.0375w) 2 -0.239w-0.4977)x + (-0.8575w 2 +6.4941w+36.078), 100-w-x-y) represent, When 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within or on the line segment bounded by the curves MW, WN, and NO connecting the seven points M, W, N, O, B′, D, and C, as well as the lines OB′, B′D, DC, and CM, excluding points on line CM. Point M (0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133, 0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867), Point W (10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w +50.733), Point N (18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w + 50.389), Point O (36.8, -0.0444w) 2 +0.6889w +25.956, 0.0444w 2 -1.6889w +37.244), Point B′ (36.6, 0.0, -w+63.4) Point D (-2.8w+40. 1, 0.0, 1.8w+59.9), Point C (0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7); and, Curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00357w)). 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 + (-0.0356w) 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y) means, The curve WN is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w)). 2 (+0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 + (0.0556w) 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w + 43.383, 100 - w - x - y) represents, Curve NO is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0082x)). 2 + (0.0022w) 2 -0.0345w-0.7521)x-0.1307w 2 +2.0247w + 42.327, 100 - w - x - y) means, The composition also contains water in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the total refrigerant.

5. A composition containing a refrigerant, characterized in that: The refrigerant contains CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf. Let w, x, y, and z be the mass percentages of CO2, R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf based on their sum, respectively, and 0 < w ≤ 7.

0. In the three-component composition diagram where the sum of R32, HFO-1132(E), and R1234yf is (100 - w) mass percentages, When 1.2 < w ≤ 4.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area or on the line segment bounded by the curves MW and WN, and the lines NE, EC, and CM, which connect the points M, W, N, E, and C respectively, excluding points on the line CM. Point M (0.0, -0.3004w) 2 +2.419w +55.53, 0.3004w 2 -3.419w +44.47), Point W (10.0, -0.3645w) 2 +3.5024w +34.422, 0.3645w 2 -4.5024w +55.578), Point N(18.2, -0.3773w 2 +3.319w + 28.26, 0.3773w 2 -4.319w + 53.54), Point E (-0.0365w + 18.26, 0.0623w) 2 -4.5381w+31.856, -0.0623w 2 +3.5746w +49.884), Point C (0.0, 0.1081w) 2 -5.169w+58.447, -0.1081w 2 +4.169w +41.553); and, The curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.0043w)). 2 -0.0359w + 0.1509)x 2 + (-0.0493w) 2 +0.4669w-3.6193)x-0.3004w 2 +2.419w+55.53, 100-w-x-y) represents, The curve WN is defined by the coordinates (x, (0.0055w)). 2 -0.0326w + 0.0665)x 2 + (-0.1571w) 2 +0.8981w-2.6274)x+0.6555w 2 -2.2153w + 54.044, 100 - w - x - y) represents, For a given condition 4.0 < w ≤ 7.0, the coordinates (x, y, z) lie within the area of ​​the figure bounded by curves MW and WN, and lines NE, EC, and CM, respectively connecting the points M, W, N, E, and C, or on the aforementioned line segments, excluding points on line CM. Point M (0.0, -0.0667w) 2 +0.8333w +58.133, 0.0667w 2 -1.8333w +41.867), Point W (10.0, -0.0667w) 2 +1.1w +39.267, 0.0667w 2 -2.1w + 50.733); Point N (18.2, -0.0889w) 2 +1.3778w +31.411, 0.0889w 2 -2.3778w + 50.389), Point E (18.1, 0.0444w) 2 -4.3556w+31.411, -0.0444w 2 +3.3556w +50.489), Point C (0.0, 0.0667w) 2 -4.9667w +58.3, -0.0667w 2 +3.9667w +41.7); and, Curve MW is defined by coordinates (x, (0.00357w)). 2 -0.0391w + 0.1756)x 2 + (-0.0356w) 2 +0.4178w-3.6422)x-0.0667w 2 +0.8333w+58.103, 100-w-x-y) means, The curve WN is defined by coordinates (x, (-0.002061w)). 2 (+0.0218w-0.0301)x 2 + (0.0556w) 2 -0.5821w-0.1108)x-0.4158w 2 +4.7352w + 43.383, 100 - w - x - y) represents, The composition also contains water in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the total refrigerant.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also contains refrigeration oil, and the composition is used as a working fluid for refrigeration machines.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It is used as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.

8. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.

9. A refrigeration unit, characterized in that: The composition comprising any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as the working fluid.

10. A method for operating a refrigeration unit, characterized in that, include: The process of using the composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 as a working fluid and circulating it in a refrigeration unit.

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