A physical simulation test system for slope failure of shaft wall and surrounding rock

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft freezing test equipment, and more particularly to a physical simulation test system for inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock damage. The system includes a base, a visualization model box, an inclined shaft device, a belt vibration load simulation system, a rock-like material, and a seepage system. The inclined shaft device is housed within the visualization model box. The belt vibration load simulation system includes a slide, an adjustable load angle control rod, and a load application unit. The rock-like material is filled within the visualization model box. The seepage system includes a water storage tank, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe injects water with different seepage pressures into the visualization model box, which flows into the rock-like material, and then returns to the water storage tank through the outlet pipe. This invention's physical simulation test system for inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock damage considers the effects of belt vibration load, seepage, and the inclined shaft inclination angle on the damage to the inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock during the test, making it closer to actual engineering and effectively reducing the difference between the model test and the actual field conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of inclined shaft freezing test equipment, specifically to a physical simulation test system for inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock damage that takes into account the effects of belt vibration load and seepage.

[0002] The "Physical Simulation Test System for Damage to Inclined Shaft Wall and Surrounding Rock" of this invention is the result of the National Natural Science Foundation of China project "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Luohe Formation Sandstone after Thawing of Inclined Shaft in Water-Rich Area of ​​Western China (12102379)". Background Technology

[0003] After the inclined shaft thaws and the groundwater level recovers, under the dynamic loads of belt (vehicle) transportation, coal seam mining, roof collapse, blasting, and groundwater seepage, the original and newly emerging fissures in the fractured rock mass further expand and connect, leading to the continuous deterioration of the mechanical properties of the fractured rock mass and the intensification of fissure seepage. This causes instability and damage to the surrounding rock of the inclined shaft and rupture of the shaft wall, triggering disasters such as water inrush, sand collapse, and shaft flooding, which seriously threaten the safe operation of the mine and the safety of personnel.

[0004] Currently, three-dimensional physical simulation test systems for inclined shafts mainly focus on temperature, stress, and seepage field during the freezing process. However, there are no reports on three-dimensional physical simulation test systems that consider the effects of belt vibration load and seepage after the inclined shaft has thawed. Therefore, designing a physical simulation test system for the failure of the inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock that considers the effects of belt vibration load and seepage is of great significance for understanding the stress law of the inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock under the influence of belt vibration load and seepage after the inclined shaft has thawed, and for ensuring the safe operation of the inclined shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a physical simulation test system for the failure of the well wall and surrounding rock of an inclined shaft that takes into account the effects of belt vibration load and seepage. This system is of great significance for understanding the stress law of the well wall and surrounding rock after the inclined shaft is thawed under the influence of belt vibration load and seepage, and for ensuring the safe operation of the inclined shaft.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a physical simulation test system for the failure of inclined shaft walls and surrounding rock, comprising a base, a visualization model box disposed on the top of the base, an inclined shaft device with a hollow cylindrical structure open at both ends, a belt vibration load simulation system, a rock-like material, and a seepage system; the front and rear side plates of the visualization model box are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet, and both the inlet and the outlet are provided with a filter screen; the inclined shaft device is disposed inside the visualization model box, and the inclined shaft device includes an inclined shaft top plate, an inclined shaft bottom plate, and two inclined shaft side plates, the inclined shaft top plate and the inclined shaft bottom plate are parallel to each other and inclined relative to the horizontal direction, and the two ends of the opening of the inclined shaft device are respectively connected to the left and right side plates of the visualization model box;

[0007] The belt vibration load simulation system includes a slide rail, adjustable load angle control rods, and a load application unit. The slide rail has two sets spaced apart. Each set includes a first slide rail and a second slide rail arranged parallel to each other on the top of the base. The first slide rail is located on the left side of the visualization model box, and the second slide rail is located on the right side of the visualization model box. The load angle control rod has two rods, parallel to each other and inclined within the inclined shaft device. Both ends of the two load angle control rods extend to the left and right sides of the visualization model box, respectively. Each load angle control rod's two ends are connected to two slide rails in the same set. The load application unit is used to apply different loads to the bottom plate of the inclined shaft.

[0008] The rock-like material is densely filled inside the visualization model box; the seepage system includes a water storage tank, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and an osmotic pump. One end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank via the osmotic pump, and the other end of the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the visualization model box; one end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the visualization model box, and the other end of the outlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank; the osmotic pump injects water with different osmotic pressures into the visualization model box through the inlet pipe, flowing through the rock-like material, and then returning to the water storage tank through the outlet pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the load application unit includes hydraulic jacks, oil pumps, and a servo controller. There are multiple hydraulic jacks, which are divided into two groups and respectively mounted on two load angle control rods. Each hydraulic jack is connected to an oil pump through a hydraulic pipe, and each of the multiple oil pumps is connected to the servo controller through a control line.

[0010] Furthermore, each load angle control rod is provided with multiple mounting holes, and a hydraulic jack is installed in each mounting hole; the cylinder of the hydraulic jack passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly installed on the load angle control rod, and the free end of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack abuts against the bottom plate of the inclined shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, both the first slide rail and the second slide rail are provided with a plurality of first positioning holes. The plurality of first positioning holes are evenly spaced along the length of the slide rail, and the first positioning holes on the first slide rail and the second slide rail are staggered.

[0012] Furthermore, the load angle control rod has second positioning holes at both ends; the two ends of the load angle control rod are detachably connected to the first slide rail and the second slide rail by bolts.

[0013] Furthermore, the left and right side plates of the visualization model box are respectively provided with two through holes for adjusting the tilt angle of the two load angle control rods; the two through holes are respectively adapted to the openings at both ends of the inclined shaft device, or the two through holes are elongated holes adapted to the tilt angle range of the load angle control rods.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle tilt range of the load angle control rod is 15°~45°.

[0015] Furthermore, the seepage pressure of the seepage system is 0-3 MPa.

[0016] Furthermore, the positions of the inlet and the outlet are both at least 30cm higher than the higher end of the top plate of the inclined shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, the load angle control rod includes a telescopic sleeve and two telescopic rods movably inserted into both ends of the telescopic sleeve. The two ends of the side wall of the telescopic sleeve are respectively threaded with positioning screws, and the two telescopic rods are respectively positioned inside both ends of the telescopic sleeve by the corresponding positioning screws.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention discloses a physical simulation test system for inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock failure, comprising a base, a visualization model box, an inclined shaft device, a belt vibration load simulation system, a rock-like material, and a seepage system. The belt vibration load simulation system can be adjusted via servo pressure to simulate the load transmitted to the inclined shaft bottom plate during belt transport. The seepage system simulates the seepage pressure at different depths in actual engineering by adjusting the seepage pressure. The present invention considers the influence of different inclined shaft inclination angles on the stress on the inclined shaft wall during design, and can complete physical simulation tests of inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock failure at different inclination angles. The physical simulation test system for inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock failure of the present invention considers the influence of belt vibration load, seepage, and inclined shaft inclination angle on the failure of the inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock during the test, making it closer to actual engineering and effectively reducing the difference between model tests and actual field conditions.

[0020] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal end face of a physical simulation test system for the failure of inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a physical simulation test system for the failure of inclined well walls and surrounding rock according to the present invention (the seepage system is not shown in the figure).

[0024] Among them, 1-base, 2-visualization model box, 3-inclined shaft device, 3.1-inclined shaft top plate, 3.2-inclined shaft bottom plate, 3.3-inclined shaft side plate, 4-belt vibration load simulation system, 4.1-slide rail, 4.11-first slide rail, 4.12-second slide rail, 4.1a-first positioning hole, 4.2-load angle control rod, 4.3-hydraulic jack, 4.4-hydraulic pipe, 4.5-oil pump, 4.6-control line, 4.7-servo controller, 4.8-bolt, 5-type rock material, 6-seepage system, 6.1-water storage tank, 6.2-inlet pipe, 6.3-outlet pipe, 6.4-osmotic pressure pump, 7-filter screen. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 2 This embodiment provides a physical simulation test system for the failure of inclined shaft walls and surrounding rock, including a base 1, a visualization model box 2, an inclined shaft device 3, a belt vibration load simulation system 4, a rock-like material 5, and a seepage system 6; the specific structure is as follows:

[0027] The visualization model box is fixedly mounted on the top of the base. Inlet and outlet water ports are respectively provided on the front and rear side plates of the visualization model box, and filter screens 7 are installed at both the inlet and outlet. Preferably, the filter screens are fixedly mounted on the inner walls of the front and rear side plates of the visualization model box. The inclined well device is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, installed inside the visualization model box. The inclined well device includes an upper inclined well top plate 3.1, a lower inclined well bottom plate 3.2, and two inclined well side plates 3.3 located on both sides. The inclined well top plate and the inclined well bottom plate are parallel to each other and inclined relative to the horizontal direction. The two ends of the opening of the inclined well device are connected to the left and right side plates of the visualization model box, respectively. Specifically, the inclined well device is inclined from top to bottom, opening from one end to the other.

[0028] The belt vibration load simulation system includes a slide rail 4.1, a load angle control rod 4.2, and a load application unit. Two sets of slide rails are vertically fixed on the top of the base, arranged at intervals. Each set of slide rails includes a first slide rail 4.11 and a second slide rail 4.12 arranged opposite each other, with the first slide rail located on the left side of the visualization model box and the second slide rail located on the right side of the visualization model box. These two sets of slide rails are respectively matched with two load angle control rods. The two load angle control rods with adjustable length are parallel and inclined inside the inclined shaft device, and the two ends of the two load angle control rods extend to the outside of the left and right sides of the visualization model box, respectively. The two ends of each load angle control rod are detachably connected to two slide rails in the same set. The load application unit is used to apply loads of different magnitudes to the bottom plate of the inclined shaft. The load application unit includes a hydraulic jack 4.3, an oil pump 4.5, and a servo controller 4.7. Multiple hydraulic jacks are arranged in two groups and mounted on two load angle control rods. Each hydraulic jack is connected to an oil pump 4.5 via a hydraulic pipe 4.4. Each oil pump is connected to the servo controller 4.7 via a control line 4.6. The belt vibration load simulation system can simulate the vibration load transmitted to the bottom plate of the inclined shaft during belt transport by adjusting the servo pressure.

[0029] The rock-like material is densely filled within the visualization model box, meaning the inclined well device is embedded within it. The seepage system includes a water storage tank 6.1, an inlet pipe 6.2, an outlet pipe 6.3, and an osmotic pressure pump 6.4. One end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the visualization model box. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the visualization model box, and the other end is connected to the water storage tank. The osmotic pressure pump 6.4 injects water with different osmotic pressures into the visualization model box through the inlet pipe, flowing through the rock-like material, and then returning to the water storage tank through the outlet pipe. The seepage pressure of the seepage system is 0-3 MPa. By adjusting the seepage pressure, the osmotic pressure at different depths within the range of 0 to -300 m can be simulated.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the positions of the inlet and outlet are both at least 25cm higher than the higher end of the inclined shaft top plate; preferably, the positions of the inlet and outlet are both 30cm higher than the higher end of the inclined shaft top plate.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, the load angle control rod includes a telescopic sleeve and two telescopic rods movably inserted into both ends of the telescopic sleeve. Positioning screws are threaded to both ends of the side wall of the telescopic sleeve, and the two telescopic rods are respectively positioned within the ends of the telescopic sleeve by corresponding positioning screws. Each load angle control rod has multiple mounting holes on its telescopic sleeve, and a hydraulic jack is installed in each mounting hole. Preferably, the number of mounting holes on each load angle control rod is equal, and the positions of the mounting holes on the two load angle control rods are also consistent. Specifically, the cylinder of the hydraulic jack is fixedly installed on the load angle control rod through the mounting hole, and the free end of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack abuts against the bottom plate of the inclined well. The servo controller controls the movement of each oil pump according to the signal from the control system. Each oil pump supplies oil to the corresponding hydraulic jack, controlling the extension length of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack, thereby simulating the force on the inclined well wall under different inclined well inclination angles.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, multiple first positioning holes 4.1a are provided on both the first and second slide rails. These first positioning holes are evenly spaced along the length of the slide rails, and are staggered; that is, one row of first positioning holes is provided on each of the first and second slide rails, with the two rows staggered. Correspondingly, each load angle control rod has two telescopic rods with second positioning holes. The two telescopic rods of each load angle control rod are detachably connected to the first and second slide rails via bolts 4.8; that is, the load angle control rod is detachably connected to the slide rails via bolts. Specifically, the second positioning holes at both ends of the load angle control rod are first aligned with the first positioning holes at appropriate positions on the first and second slide rails, and then the bolts are inserted into the positioning holes to position the load angle control rod.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, the left and right side plates of the visualization model box each have two through-holes for adjusting the tilt angle of the two load angle control rods. The two through-holes are adapted to the openings at both ends of the inclined shaft device, or the two through-holes are elongated holes adapted to the tilt angle range of the load angle control rods. Preferably, the tilt angle range of the load angle control rods is 15°~45°. This structure, by providing two through-holes, facilitates the extension of both ends of the load angle control rods from inside the visualization model box; at the same time, it is suitable for adjusting the tilt angle of the load angle control rods, ensuring that the load angle control rods do not interfere with the side walls of the visualization model box, resulting in a reasonable structural design.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation test system for slope failure of a shaft lining and surrounding rock, characterized in that, The system includes a base (1), a visualization model box (2) set on top of the base, an inclined well device (3) with a hollow cylindrical structure open at both ends, a belt vibration load simulation system (4), a rock-like material (5), and a seepage system (6); the front and rear side plates of the visualization model box are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet, and a filter screen (7) is provided at both the inlet and the outlet; the inclined well device is set inside the visualization model box, and the inclined well device includes an inclined well top plate (3.1), an inclined well bottom plate (3.2), and two inclined well side plates (3.3). The inclined well top plate and the inclined well bottom plate are parallel to each other and inclined relative to the horizontal direction. The two ends of the opening of the inclined well device are respectively connected to the left and right side plates of the visualization model box; The belt vibration load simulation system includes a slide rail (4.1), an adjustable load angle control rod (4.2), and a load application unit. The slide rail has two sets spaced apart. Each set includes a first slide rail (4.11) and a second slide rail (4.12) arranged parallel to each other on the top of the base. The first slide rail is located on the left side of the visualization model box, and the second slide rail is located on the right side of the visualization model box. The load angle control rod has two rods, parallel to each other and inclined within the inclined shaft device. The two ends of the two load angle control rods extend to the left and right sides of the visualization model box, respectively. Each load angle control rod's two ends are connected to two slide rails in the same set. The load application unit is used to apply different loads to the bottom plate of the inclined shaft. The rock-like material is densely filled inside the visualization model box; the seepage system includes a water storage tank (6.1), an inlet pipe (6.2), an outlet pipe (6.3), and an osmotic pressure pump (6.4). One end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank through the osmotic pressure pump, and the other end of the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the visualization model box; one end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the visualization model box, and the other end of the outlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank; the osmotic pressure pump injects water with different osmotic pressures into the visualization model box through the inlet pipe, which flows into the rock-like material, and then flows back to the water storage tank through the outlet pipe.

2. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope wall and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load application unit includes a hydraulic jack (4.3), an oil pump (4.5), and a servo controller (4.7). There are multiple hydraulic jacks, which are divided into two groups and respectively installed on two load angle control rods. Each hydraulic jack is connected to an oil pump (4.5) through a hydraulic pipe (4.4). Each of the multiple oil pumps is connected to the servo controller (4.7) through a control line (4.6).

3. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope wall and surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each load angle control rod has multiple mounting holes, and each mounting hole contains a hydraulic jack. The cylinder of the hydraulic jack passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly mounted on the load angle control rod. The free end of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack abuts against the bottom plate of the inclined shaft.

4. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope wall and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first slide rail and the second slide rail are provided with a plurality of first positioning holes (4.1a). The plurality of first positioning holes are evenly spaced along the length of the slide rail, and the first positioning holes on the first slide rail and the second slide rail are staggered.

5. The system for physical modeling of in-situ rock failure around a slope drill hole of claim 4, wherein, The load angle control rod has a second positioning hole at each end; the two ends of the load angle control rod are detachably connected to the first slide rail and the second slide rail by bolts (4.8).

6. The physical simulation test system for the failure of the inclined shaft wall and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left and right side plates of the visualization model box are respectively provided with two through holes for adjusting the tilt angle of the two load angle control rods; the two through holes are respectively adapted to the openings at both ends of the inclined shaft device, or the two through holes are elongated holes adapted to the tilt angle range of the load angle control rods.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system is characterized by: The angle tilt range of the load angle control rod is 15°~45°.

8. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage pressure of the seepage system (6) is 0-3 MPa.

9. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positions of the inlet and outlet are both at least 25 cm higher than the higher end of the top plate of the inclined shaft.

10. The physical simulation test system for slope failure of in-slope and surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load angle control rod includes a telescopic sleeve and two telescopic rods movably inserted into both ends of the telescopic sleeve. The two ends of the side wall of the telescopic sleeve are respectively threaded with positioning screws, and the two telescopic rods are respectively positioned inside both ends of the telescopic sleeve by the corresponding positioning screws.

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