A multi-stage anti-seismic anchor bolt easy to reset and a bridge

Abstract

This invention provides an easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt and bridge, relating to the field of bridge engineering. Addressing the problems of traditional seismic anchor bolts such as poor deformation capacity, limited and difficult-to-adjust energy dissipation methods, and difficulty in resetting under reciprocating earthquakes, this invention optimizes the conversion of seismic energy through multi-stage energy dissipation components, making it suitable for earthquake scenarios of varying intensities. The excitation coil can adjust the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid flowing through the damping orifice, achieving semi-active control of energy dissipation and resetting effects. U-shaped cables and elastic limiting rods enhance the deformation capacity and limiting function of the seismic anchor bolt, preventing beam collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridges, specifically to an easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt and a bridge. Background Technology

[0002] Precast beam bridges are the most widely used type of bridge in China, such as highway bridges and elevated bridges in cities. During a strong earthquake, significant relative displacement will occur between the main beam and the abutment cap beam, easily leading to support damage and beam collapse, causing traffic disruptions and even casualties, resulting in incalculable losses. Therefore, the anchoring connection between the main beam and the abutment cap beam, i.e., seismic anchors, is particularly important.

[0003] Traditional seismic anchors have a simple structure and generally only have a limiting function. Under seismic loads, they have poor deformation capacity and are not easy to reset during reciprocating motion, making them prone to shear failure and subsequent failure. Existing energy dissipation and vibration reduction technologies applied to seismic anchors mostly employ hydraulic damping or semi-fluid damping, but the energy dissipation methods are relatively simple and the energy dissipation effect is difficult to adaptively adjust, making them unsuitable for scenarios with variable seismic loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt and bridge. Through multi-stage energy dissipation components, the conversion of seismic energy is optimized, making it applicable to earthquake scenarios of varying intensities. The excitation coil can adjust the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid flowing through the damping orifice, achieving semi-active control of energy dissipation and reset functions. The U-shaped cable and elastic limiting rod enhance the deformation capacity and limiting function of the seismic anchor bolt, preventing beam collapse.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide an easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt, which employs the following solution:

[0006] include:

[0007] The first-level energy-consuming component includes an energy-consuming piston cylinder and a damping piston plate and a first return spring located inside it. The energy-consuming piston cylinder is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The end of the first return spring abuts against the inner end face of the damping piston plate and the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The damping piston plate is provided with a damping hole for the magnetorheological fluid to pass through. An excitation coil is sleeved in the damping hole. The excitation coil can change the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid in the damping hole.

[0008] The secondary energy dissipation component includes an anchor bolt housing and a friction energy dissipation block that slides into the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing. A second return spring abuts between the end face of the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing and the friction energy dissipation block. An energy dissipation piston cylinder is arranged on the friction energy dissipation block.

[0009] The cable is connected to the damping piston plate and extends to the outside of the anchor bolt housing.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy-consuming piston cylinder is equipped with a pressure power generation component. The force-bearing surface of the pressure power generation component is subjected to the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The energy storage and release component is connected to the pressure power generation component, the sensor controller, and the excitation coil, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure power generation component is ring-shaped and arranged at one end of the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The pressure sensing end of the sensor controller receives the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The sensor controller is connected to the energy storage and release component. By controlling the magnitude of the current in the excitation coil, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid flowing through the damping orifice is changed, thereby realizing the active and controllable adjustment of the energy consumption effect.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy-dissipating piston cylinder is sealed at both ends and forms a first chamber inside. The cable passes through the sealing structure at one end of the energy-dissipating piston cylinder and is connected to the damping piston plate, so that the segment of the cable located in the first chamber is arranged coaxially with the first chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, two friction piston cylinders are arranged side by side on the friction energy dissipation block. One end of the cable is connected to the damping piston plate inside one of the friction piston cylinders, and the other end is connected to the damping piston plate inside the other friction piston cylinder. The cable extending to the outside of the anchor bolt shell forms a U-shaped structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the anchor bolt housing is sealed at both ends and forms a second chamber inside. One end of the anchor bolt housing is sealed by a limiting guide plate, and a guide hole is provided on the limiting guide plate for the cable to pass through.

[0015] Furthermore, an elastic limiting rod is arranged inside the second cavity. One end of the elastic limiting rod is connected to a limiting guide plate, and the other end passes through the friction energy dissipation block and is connected to the inner end face of the second cavity. The two friction piston cylinders are located on opposite sides of the elastic limiting rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing used to contact the friction energy dissipation block is a unidirectional friction surface, and the resistance of the friction energy dissipation block moving along the direction of the cable extending to the outside of the anchor bolt housing is greater than the resistance of collinear reverse movement.

[0017] A second objective of the present invention is to provide a bridge utilizing easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchors as described in the first objective.

[0018] Furthermore, the anchor bolt housing is pre-embedded in the crossbeam at the end of the main beam, and the cable segment located outside the anchor bolt housing is connected to the cap beam, with a guide plate on the cap beam for the cable to pass through.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0020] (1) Multi-stage energy dissipation components are used to optimize the conversion of seismic energy. The pressure change in the first chamber is measured by a sensor controller. The current of the excitation coil is adjusted according to the pressure change signal, thereby acting on the magnetorheological fluid to change the viscosity and achieve the required damping effect. This realizes the semi-active control of energy dissipation, which makes up for the shortcomings of traditional seismic bolt anchors in terms of insufficient energy dissipation capacity and poor controllability under seismic conditions.

[0021] (2) Through multi-level energy dissipation components, it can adapt to earthquakes of different scales. When the earthquake is small, only the first-level energy dissipation component plays a role. When the earthquake is large, the first-level energy dissipation component and the second-level energy dissipation component play a role together.

[0022] (3) The pressure generator generates electricity by receiving pressure changes inside the first-stage energy-consuming component and supplies it to the excitation coil, reducing dependence on external power supply and improving the adaptability of the seismic anchor bolt.

[0023] (4) The inner wall of the anchor bolt shell is a one-way friction surface, which makes the friction energy dissipation block subject to greater frictional resistance when it moves downward through the elastic limiting rod. Conversely, the frictional resistance is greatly reduced when the friction energy dissipation block moves upward, making it easier for the friction energy dissipation block to reset.

[0024] (5) When the damping piston plate moves in the opposite direction to the energy-consuming piston cylinder, the sensor controller puts the excitation coil into a non-energized state, greatly reducing the resistance on the damping piston plate and making it easier for the damping piston plate to reset.

[0025] (6) The U-shaped cable design makes it easier to anchor the seismic anchor bolts, and the elastic limit rod and guide limit plate are set to force the limit, which optimizes the limit function of the seismic anchor bolts and improves the ability to prevent beams from falling. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at point AA.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section at point BB.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the primary energy-consuming component in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the contact between the energy-consuming friction block and the anchor bolt shell in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main beam and the cap beam using easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolts in Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1 is the anchor bolt shell, 2 is the cable, 3 is the guide base plate, 4 is the guide limiting plate, 5 is the energy-consuming piston cylinder sealing cover, 6 is the second return spring, 7 is the elastic limiting long rod, 8 is the energy-consuming piston cylinder, 9 is the friction energy-consuming block, 10 is the magnetorheological fluid, 11 is the damping piston plate, 12 is the first return spring, 13 is the rubber sealing ring, 14 is the elastic rubber plate, 15 is the insulating rubber plate, 16 is the sensor controller, 17 is the energy storage and release component, 18 is the pressure power generation component, 19 is the damping hole, 20 is the excitation coil, 21 is the guide hole, 22 is the unidirectional friction surface, 23 is the cap beam, 24 is the main beam end crossbeam, and 25 is the transverse anchoring steel bar. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example 1

[0035] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, a multi-stage seismic anchor bolt that is easy to reset is presented.

[0036] The following is a detailed explanation of the easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt, with reference to the attached diagram.

[0037] See Figure 1 The easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt includes a primary energy dissipation component, a secondary energy dissipation component, and a cable 2. The primary energy dissipation component connects to the secondary energy dissipation component, which can be fixed on the main beam end crossbeam 24 of the bridge. The cable 2 can establish a connection between the primary energy dissipation component and the bridge cap beam 23. Thus, the primary and secondary energy dissipation components are used to resist the relative displacement between the cap beam 23 and the main beam end crossbeam 24, constraining its displacement range and achieving the effects of seismic resistance and preventing beam fall.

[0038] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the primary energy-consuming component includes an energy-consuming piston cylinder 8, a damping piston plate 11, and a first return spring 12. The damping piston plate 11 and the first return spring 12 are arranged inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The damping piston plate 11 and the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 form a sliding fit. The damping piston plate 11 moves inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. One end of the first return spring 12 abuts against one end face of the damping piston plate 11, and the other end abuts against one end face inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The first return spring 12 interacts with the damping piston plate 11.

[0039] The energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 is filled with magnetorheological fluid 10, and the damping piston plate 11 is provided with a damping hole 19 for the magnetorheological fluid 10 to pass through. The magnetorheological fluid 10 is a fluid, and the diameter of the damping hole 19 is smaller than the diameter of the damping piston plate 11. When the damping piston plate 11 moves relative to the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8, the magnetorheological fluid 10 on one side of the damping piston plate 11 passes through the damping hole 19 and enters the other side of the damping piston plate 11. During the process of passing through the damping hole 19, it provides a certain resistance, thereby realizing the energy-consuming function.

[0040] To improve energy dissipation efficiency, an excitation coil 20 is fitted into the damping orifice 19. When the excitation coil 20 is energized, it can act on the magnetorheological fluid 10 inside the damping orifice 19, causing its viscosity to change. This changes the resistance of the magnetorheological fluid 10 as it passes through the damping orifice 19, thereby altering its energy dissipation effect and improving energy dissipation efficiency.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the damping piston plate 11 is provided with four damping holes 19. In other optional embodiments, the number of damping holes 19 can be adjusted according to requirements. An excitation coil 20 is wound around the outside of each damping hole 19. When the excitation coil 20 is energized, it enters the working state. When the magnetorheological fluid 10 passes through the damping hole 19, it is obstructed, thereby hindering the movement of the damping piston plate 11 and improving the energy dissipation effect. Conversely, when the damping piston plate 11 moves in the opposite direction to the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8, the excitation coil 20 enters the non-working state, the resistance of the damping piston plate 11 is greatly reduced, and the damping piston plate 11 is easier to reset.

[0042] Easy-reset multi-stage seismic anchors are installed on bridges in service for extended periods, such as... Figure 6 As shown, in order to meet its long-term working requirements, a pressure power generation component 18 is set in the first-level energy-consuming component. The force-bearing surface of the pressure power generation component 18 is subjected to the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid 10 in the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The energy storage and release component 17 is connected to the pressure power generation component 18 and the excitation coil 20 respectively.

[0043] The pressure power generation component 18 is ring-shaped and arranged at one end of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The pressure sensing end of the sensor controller 16 receives the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid 10 inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The sensor controller 16 is connected to the energy storage and release component 17 and controls the working state of the excitation coil 20.

[0044] Specifically, in combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The primary energy-consuming component includes an energy-consuming piston cylinder 8, which contains magnetorheological fluid 10. The energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 also includes a damping piston plate 11, a cable 2, a first return spring 12, a rubber sealing ring 13, an elastic rubber plate 14, an insulating rubber plate 15, a sensor controller 16, an energy storage and release component 17, and a pressure power generation component 18. The damping piston plate 11 includes four symmetrically arranged damping holes 19, with an excitation coil 20 wound around the outside of each hole 19. The cable 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the damping piston plate 11, and the top of the first return spring 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the damping piston plate 11, while its bottom end is fixedly connected to the elastic rubber plate 14 at the bottom of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8. The top of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 is provided with an energy-consuming piston cylinder sealing cap 5, which facilitates the installation of the internal components and prevents the leakage of the magnetorheological fluid 10. A rubber sealing ring 13 is provided at the bottom center of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 to prevent the magnetorheological fluid 10 from leaking out when the cable 2 moves inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8; an elastic rubber plate 14 is provided on the outside of the rubber sealing ring 13, an insulating rubber plate 15 is provided around the elastic rubber plate 14, a pressure power generation component 18 is provided on the lower side of the elastic rubber plate 14, and a sensor controller 16 and an energy storage and release component 17 are provided on both sides of it respectively.

[0045] The excitation coil 20, the energy storage and release component 17, and the pressure generator are respectively connected to the sensor controller 16 to form a closed loop, so as to... Figure 3 and Figure 4 Taking the posture shown as an example, when the damping piston plate 11 moves downward relative to the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8, the first return spring 12 is compressed, and the pressure power generation component 18 under the elastic rubber plate 14 enters the working state to generate electrical energy, which is stored in the electrical energy storage and release component 17.

[0046] The sensor controller 16 can control the energization state of the excitation coil 20, increase the resistance when the damping piston plate 11 moves towards the end of the elastic rubber plate 14, and improve the energy dissipation effect; and reduce the resistance when the damping piston plate 11 moves towards the end of the energy dissipation piston cylinder sealing cover 5, making it easier to reset.

[0047] The cable 2 is connected to the damping piston plate 11 and extends to the outside of the anchor bolt housing 1; the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8 is sealed at both ends and forms a first chamber inside; the cable 2 passes through the sealing structure at one end of the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8 and is connected to the damping piston plate 11 so that the segment of the cable 2 located in the first chamber is arranged coaxially with the first chamber.

[0048] In this embodiment, the pressure power generation component 18 can be made of piezoelectric ceramic, and the top of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8 is provided with an elastic rubber plate 14. When the damping piston plate 11 moves upward and hits the top of the energy-consuming piston cylinder 8, the elastic rubber plate 14 can play the role of energy consumption and shock absorption.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the secondary energy dissipation component includes an anchor bolt housing 1 and a friction energy dissipation block 9. The friction energy dissipation block 9 and the second return spring 6 are both arranged inside the anchor bolt housing 1, and the friction energy dissipation block 9 slides against the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing 1. The primary energy dissipation component is connected to the secondary energy dissipation component. Specifically, the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8 is arranged on the friction energy dissipation block 9, so that the entire primary energy dissipation component is located inside the anchor bolt housing 1.

[0050] A through hole is opened on the friction energy dissipation block 9 to serve as an energy dissipation piston cylinder 8. Two friction piston cylinders are arranged side by side on the friction energy dissipation block 9. One end of the cable 2 is connected to the damping piston plate 11 inside one of the friction piston cylinders, and the other end is connected to the damping piston plate 11 inside the other friction piston cylinder. The cable 2 extending to the outside of the anchor bolt housing 1 forms a U-shaped structure.

[0051] The anchor bolt housing 1 is sealed at both ends, forming a second chamber inside. One end of the anchor bolt housing 1 is sealed by a limiting guide plate, which has a guide hole 21 for the cable 2 to pass through. At the same time, a guide base plate 3 is also passed through the cable 2, and the guide base plate 3 also has a guide hole 21. One end of the second return spring 6 abuts against the end face of the friction energy dissipation block 9, and the other end abuts against the end face of the limiting guide plate.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the cable 2 is U-shaped, with its ends passing through the bottom of the energy-dissipating piston cylinder 8, the guide hole 21 of the guide limiting plate 4, and the guide hole 21 of the guide bottom plate 3 in sequence. An elastic limiting rod 7 is arranged in the second cavity. One end of the elastic limiting rod 7 is connected to the limiting guide plate, and the other end passes through the friction energy-dissipating block 9 and is connected to the inner end face of the second cavity. The two friction piston cylinders are located on opposite sides of the elastic limiting rod 7.

[0053] Specifically, the second energy-dissipating component includes a friction energy-dissipating block 9, an anchor bolt housing 1, a guide limiting plate 4, and a second return spring 6; the friction energy-dissipating block 9 separates the two symmetrically arranged energy-dissipating piston cylinders 8 from the anchor bolt housing 1, so that the seismic anchor bolt is graded for seismic resistance.

[0054] The friction energy dissipation block 9 has a friction surface on its vertical side, and the friction energy dissipation block 9 has an elastic limiting rod 7 running vertically through it; the elastic limiting rod 7 and the guide limiting plate 4 together form a limiting component, the top end of the elastic limiting rod 7 is fixedly connected to the top end of the anchor bolt housing 1, and the bottom end is fixedly connected to the guide limiting plate 4, and the guide limiting plate 4 is in close contact with the anchor bolt housing 1.

[0055] The inner wall of the anchor bolt housing 1, which is used to contact the friction energy dissipation block 9, is a one-way friction surface 22. The resistance to the movement of the friction energy dissipation block 9 along the cable 2 towards the outside of the anchor bolt housing 1 is greater than the resistance to collinear reverse movement. Specifically, the one-way friction surface 22 of the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing 1 causes the friction energy dissipation block 9 to experience greater frictional resistance when it moves downward through the elastic limiting rod 7, that is, the friction energy dissipation block 9 will experience greater frictional resistance when it moves towards the guide limiting plate 4; conversely, the frictional resistance is greatly reduced when the friction energy dissipation block 9 moves upward, that is, the frictional resistance is smaller when it moves towards the inside of the anchor bolt housing 1, making it easier for the friction energy dissipation block 9 to reset; the second reset spring 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the friction energy dissipation block 9 at the top and fixedly connected to the guide limiting plate 4 at the bottom;

[0056] The guide limiting plate 4 and the guide base plate 3 are each provided with guide holes 21. When the anchor bolt housing 1 and the guide base plate 3 are relatively displaced, the guide holes 21 can make the cable 2 located above the guide limiting plate 4 move in a straight line, so that the cable 2 between the guide limiting plate 4 and the guide base plate 3 can freely turn, and the cable 2 mainly bears the tension.

[0057] Among them, cable 2 can be made of flexible cables such as steel wire bundles to meet the strength requirements of bridge seismic resistance.

[0058] During an earthquake, the guide plate 3 anchored to the substructure of the bridge moves relative to the anchor bolt shell 1. Due to the action of the guide plate 3 and the guide limiting plate 4, the horizontal movement is converted into the vertical movement of the cable 2 above the guide limiting plate 4.

[0059] When the seismic force is small, only the first-stage energy dissipation component is active. The cable 2 drives the damping piston plate 11 to move up and down within the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8. When the cable 2 drives the damping piston plate 11 to move downward within the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8, the first return spring 12 is compressed, and the pressure power generation component 18 under the elastic rubber plate 14 enters the working state to generate electrical energy. The electrical energy is collected through the energy storage and release component 17. The sensor controller 16 can receive the pressure change signal, which energizes the excitation coil 20 to enter the working state. According to the pressure change signal, the current through the excitation coil 20 is adjusted, causing the flow viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid 10 in the damping hole 19 to change. The flow of the magnetorheological fluid 10 through the damping hole 19 is obstructed, which in turn obstructs the movement of the damping piston plate 11, thus dissipating the seismic energy. Conversely, when the damping piston plate 11 moves upward relative to the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8, the sensor controller 16 puts the excitation coil 20 into a resting state, greatly reducing the resistance on the damping piston plate 11, making it easier for the first return spring 12 to drive the damping piston plate 11 to return to its original position.

[0060] When the earthquake is strong, the primary and secondary energy dissipation components work together. The cable 2 drives the damping piston plate 11 to the bottom of the energy dissipation piston cylinder 8, which in turn drives the friction energy dissipation block 9 to move downward inside the anchor bolt housing 1, overcoming the elastic force of the second return spring 6. The friction between the friction energy dissipation block 9 and the inner wall of the anchor bolt housing 1 generates heat energy to dissipate energy. The inner wall of the anchor bolt housing 1 is a one-way friction surface 22, so that the friction energy dissipation block 9 experiences greater frictional resistance when it moves downward through the elastic limiting rod 7. Conversely, the frictional resistance is greatly reduced when the friction energy dissipation block 9 moves upward, making it easier for the friction energy dissipation block 9 to return to its original position.

[0061] When an earthquake occurs, if the horizontal displacement of the anchor bolt housing 1 and the guide base plate 3 exceeds a certain distance, the return spring of the friction energy dissipation block 9 will be unable to continue to compress. The guide limit plate 4 and the elastic limit rod 7 will then play a role in forcibly limiting the movement and preventing the beam from falling.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, a type of bridge is presented.

[0064] Using the easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt as in Example 1, the anchor bolt shell 1 is pre-embedded in the main beam end crossbeam 24, and the cable 2 is connected to the cap beam 23 in the segment outside the anchor bolt shell 1. The cap beam 23 is provided with a guide bottom plate 3 for the cable 2 to pass through.

[0065] Specifically, the anchor bolt housing 1 is connected to the bridge superstructure and fixed to the main beam end crossbeam 24. The cable segment located outside the anchor housing 1 is connected to the cap beam 23, which has reserved holes for placing the cable 2, guide plate 3, and transverse anchoring steel bars 25. The cable 2, guide plate 3, and transverse anchoring steel bars 25 are connected to the holes of the cap beam 23 by cast-in-place, and the upper surface of the guide plate 3 is at the same level as the upper surface of the cap beam 23.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, the transverse anchoring steel bar 25 passes transversely through the U-shaped cable 2 at the bottom of the seismic anchor bolt to enhance the anchoring effect of the seismic anchor bolt.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage seismic anchor bolt with easy resettable operation, characterized in that, include: A primary energy-consuming component includes an energy-consuming piston cylinder and a damping piston plate and a first return spring located within it. The energy-consuming piston cylinder is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The end of the first return spring abuts against the damping piston plate and the inner end face of the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The damping piston plate has a damping hole for the magnetorheological fluid to pass through. An excitation coil is fitted into the damping hole, and the excitation coil can change the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid in the damping hole. A pressure power generation component is installed on the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The pressure power generation component is annular and arranged at one end of the energy-consuming piston cylinder. Both ends of the energy-consuming piston cylinder are sealed, forming a first chamber inside. A cable passes through the sealing structure at one end of the energy-consuming piston cylinder and connects to the damping piston plate, so that the segment of the cable located in the first chamber is coaxially arranged with the first chamber. The secondary energy-consuming component includes an anchor bolt shell and a friction energy-consuming block that slides into the inner wall of the anchor bolt shell. A second return spring abuts between the end face of the inner wall of the anchor bolt shell and the friction energy-consuming block. The anchor bolt shell is sealed at both ends and forms a second chamber inside. One end of the anchor bolt shell is sealed by a guide limiting plate, and a guide hole for the cable to pass through is provided on the guide limiting plate. Two friction piston cylinders are arranged side by side on the friction energy dissipation block. One end of the cable is connected to the damping piston plate inside one of the friction piston cylinders, and the other end is connected to the damping piston plate inside the other friction piston cylinder. The cable extending to the outside of the anchor bolt shell forms a U-shaped structure. The inner wall of the anchor bolt shell used to contact the friction energy dissipation block is a unidirectional friction surface. The resistance of the friction energy dissipation block moving along the direction of the cable extending to the outside of the anchor bolt shell is greater than the resistance of collinear reverse movement. The friction energy dissipation block is vertically connected with an elastic limiting rod; the elastic limiting rod and the guide limiting plate together form a limiting component. The top end of the elastic limiting rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the anchor bolt shell, and the bottom end is fixedly connected to the guide limiting plate. The guide limiting plate is in close contact with the anchor bolt shell. When the seismic force is small, only the primary energy dissipation component is active, and the cable drives the damping piston plate to move up and down inside the energy dissipation piston cylinder. When the seismic force is large, the primary and secondary energy dissipation components work together. The cable drives the damping piston plate to the bottom of the energy dissipation piston cylinder, which in turn drives the friction energy dissipation block to move downward inside the anchor bolt shell against the elastic force of the second return spring. The friction between the friction energy dissipation block and the inner wall of the anchor bolt shell generates heat energy to dissipate energy.

2. The easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure power generation component receives pressure from the magnetorheological fluid inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder on its force-bearing surface. The energy storage and release component is connected to the pressure power generation component, the sensor controller, and the excitation coil, respectively.

3. The easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure sensing end of the sensor controller receives the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid inside the energy-consuming piston cylinder. The sensor controller is connected to an energy storage and release component. By controlling the magnitude of the current in the excitation coil, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid flowing through the damping orifice is changed, thereby achieving active and controllable adjustment of the energy-consuming effect.

4. The easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second chamber is provided with an elastic limiting rod. One end of the elastic limiting rod is connected to a guide limiting plate, and the other end passes through the friction energy dissipation block and is connected to the inner end face of the second chamber. The two friction piston cylinders are located on opposite sides of the elastic limiting rod.

5. A bridge, characterized in that, Including the easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchor bolt as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. The bridge with easily resettable multi-stage seismic anchors as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor bolt housing is embedded in the crossbeam at the end of the main beam, and the cable segment located outside the anchor bolt housing is connected to the cap beam. The cap beam is provided with a guide plate for the cable to pass through.

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