A routing method and a routing forwarding system

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a routing method and a routing forwarding system. In the method, before a first router completes fault recovery, a second router which is a backup router of the first router forwards a data packet from a third router; after the first router completes the fault recovery, the operation of forwarding the data packet from the third router by the second router is updated to the operation of forwarding the data packet from the third router by the first router. In the updating process, the first router performs the operation of entering from a routing stop state to a routing forwarding state, and the first router can forward the data packet from the third router in the operation process; the second router performs the operation of entering from the routing forwarding state to the routing stop state, and the second router can also forward the data packet from the third router in the operation process. Therefore, the phenomenon of data packet loss in the router conversion process can be avoided, and the communication service quality and user experience can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computers, and more particularly to a routing method and a routing forwarding system. Background Technology

[0002] A routing and forwarding system acts as a bridge for communication services. It comprises multiple routers, some of which can serve as backups for each other. If one router fails, its backup router can take over the service.

[0003] However, in some scenarios, there may still be situations where the backup routers fail to forward routes, resulting in reduced communication quality and impacting user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a routing method and a routing forwarding system that can improve communication service quality and user experience.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a routing method applied to a routing forwarding system, which includes a first router, a second router, and a third router. Both the first and second routers are next-hop routers of the third router, and the second router is a backup router for the first router. The method includes: when the first router completes fault recovery, the first router sends a first instruction to the second router, which triggers the second router to enter a routing stop state, wherein the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state; the first router sends a second instruction to the third router, which triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router; and the first router enters a routing forwarding state, wherein the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing forwarding state.

[0006] In the above scheme, before the first router completes fault recovery, the backup router (the second router) forwards data packets from the third router. After the first router completes fault recovery, the operation of forwarding data packets from the third router by the second router is performed, updating to the operation of forwarding data packets from the third router by the first router. During this update process, the first router transitions from a routing stopped state to a routing forwarding state, and during this process, the first router can forward data packets from the third router. Furthermore, during this update process, the second router transitions from a routing forwarding state to a routing stopped state, and during this process, the second router can also forward data packets from the third router. Therefore, this helps to avoid data packet loss during router switching, thereby improving communication service quality and user experience.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first router performs the operation of entering the routing forwarding state, including: the first router entering an intermediate state from the routing stop state; the first router entering the routing forwarding state from the intermediate state; wherein, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing stop state, and the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing forwarding state from the intermediate state.

[0008] The above scheme helps to avoid packet loss and improve the quality of communication services because the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from an intermediate state to a routing forwarding state, including: the first router is able to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from an intermediate state to a routing forwarding state.

[0010] The above scheme helps to avoid unicast packet loss because the first router can forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state, thereby improving the quality of communication services.

[0011] In one possible implementation, when the first router fails, the first router sends a third instruction to the second router, which triggers the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router; the first router then sends a fourth instruction to the third router, which triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

[0012] In the above scheme, the second router is a backup router for the first router. When the first router fails, the second router takes over the work, which can help avoid packet loss and thus improve the quality of communication services.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a routing method applied to a routing forwarding system, which includes a first router, a second router, and a third router. The first router and the second router are both next-hop routers of the third router, and the second router is a backup router of the first router. The method includes: the second router receiving a first instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after completing fault recovery; and the second router performing an operation to enter a routing stop state according to the first instruction, wherein the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state.

[0014] The above scheme helps avoid packet loss and improves communication service quality because the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the second router performs the operation of entering the routing stop state, including: the second router entering an intermediate state from the routing forwarding state; the second router entering the routing stop state from the intermediate state; wherein, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing forwarding state, and cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state from the intermediate state.

[0016] In the above scheme, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, which can help avoid packet loss and thus improve the quality of communication services.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, including: the second router is able to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state.

[0018] In the above scheme, the second router can forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state. Therefore, it can help avoid the phenomenon of unicast data packet loss and thus improve the quality of communication services.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: the second router receiving a third instruction from the first router, the third instruction being sent by the first router after a failure; and the second router forwarding data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

[0020] In the above scheme, the second router is a backup router for the first router. When the first router fails, it takes over the work of the first router, which can help avoid packet loss and thus improve the quality of communication services.

[0021] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a routing device applied to a first router, the first router being included in a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system further including a second router and a third router, the first router and the second router being both next-hop routers of the third router, the second router being a backup router for the first router, the routing device comprising:

[0022] The transceiver unit is used to send a first instruction to the second router when the first router completes fault recovery. The first instruction triggers the second router to enter the routing stop state. During the operation of entering the routing stop state, the second router can forward data packets from the third router. The transceiver unit is also used to send a second instruction to the third router, which triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router.

[0023] The processing unit is used to perform the operation of entering the routing forwarding state, wherein the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the operation of entering the routing forwarding state.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the processing unit in the routing device of the first router is specifically used to enter an intermediate state from a routing stop state; the first router enters a routing forwarding state from the intermediate state; wherein, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing stop state, and the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing forwarding state from the intermediate state.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the processing unit in the routing device of the first router is specifically used to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from an intermediate state to a routing forwarding state.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit in the routing device of the first router is further configured to send a third instruction to the second router when the first router fails, the third instruction triggering the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router; and to send a fourth instruction to the third router, the fourth instruction triggering the third router to switch from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

[0027] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a routing device applied to a second router, the second router being included in a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system further including a first router and a third router, the first router and the second router being both next-hop routers of the third router, the second router being a backup router for the first router, the routing device comprising:

[0028] The transceiver unit is used to receive the first instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after the fault recovery is completed.

[0029] The processing unit is configured to execute an operation to enter the routing stop state according to the first instruction, wherein the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the processing unit in the routing device of the second router is specifically used to enter an intermediate state from a routing forwarding state and to enter a routing stop state from an intermediate state. Specifically, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing forwarding state, but cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state from an intermediate state.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the processing unit in the routing device of the second router is specifically used to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit in the routing device of the second router is also used to receive a third instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after a failure occurs; and to forward data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

[0033] Fifthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when read and executed by a computer, implement any of the methods described in the first to second aspects.

[0034] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a routing and forwarding system, which includes a first router for performing any method of the first aspect and a second router for performing any method of the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the routing and forwarding system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a routing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a routing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a routing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a routing device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the routing and forwarding system provided in an embodiment of this application. The routing and forwarding system includes a first router and a second router. Optionally, the routing and forwarding system may further include one or more of a third router and a fourth router. The first router and the second router are both next-hop routers of the third router, and the second router is a backup router for the first router. The fourth router is either a next-hop router of the first router or the second router, or there may be other routers between the fourth router and the first router, and other routers between the fourth router and the second router.

[0041] If the first router is working properly, the third router will send the data packet to the first router after receiving the data packet, but will not send the data packet to the second router.

[0042] When the first router fails, the second router takes over its function. Therefore, after receiving a data packet, the third router sends the data packet to the second router and does not send any data packet to the first router.

[0043] based on Figure 1 The routing and forwarding system shown in this application provides a routing method in this embodiment. (See reference...) Figure 2 The method includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 201: When the first router fails, the first router sends a third instruction to the second router.

[0045] This third instruction is used to instruct the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router.

[0046] After the first router fails, it enters a routing stop state, meaning it cannot forward data packets from the third router.

[0047] Step 202: The second router forwards the data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

[0048] After receiving the third instruction, the second router enters the routing forwarding state.

[0049] After the second router receives the data packet from the third router, it can forward the data packet to other routers (such as the fourth router).

[0050] Step 203: The first router sends a fourth instruction to the third router.

[0051] The fourth instruction is used to instruct the third router to stop sending data packets to the first router and to start sending data packets to the second router.

[0052] Step 204: According to the fourth instruction, the third router switches from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

[0053] The execution order of steps 201 and 203 is not limited, nor is the execution order of steps 202 and 204.

[0054] Among them, steps 201 to 204 are all optional steps.

[0055] In steps 201 to 204 above, the second router is a backup router for the first router. When the first router fails, it takes over the work of the first router, which helps to avoid packet loss and improve communication quality.

[0056] Once the first router recovers from its failure, steps 205 to 209 can be performed, as detailed below.

[0057] Step 205: When the first router recovers from the fault, the first router sends a first instruction to the second router.

[0058] After the first router recovers from the failure, it remains in a routing stop state and cannot forward data packets.

[0059] Step 206: The second router executes the operation of entering the routing stop state according to the first instruction.

[0060] The second router can forward data packets from the third router while performing the operation of entering the routing stop state.

[0061] For example, if the second router receives the first instruction at time T1, then performs the operation of entering the routing stop state, and enters the routing stop state at time T2, then the second router can always forward data packets from the third router before time T2, but cannot forward data packets from the third router after time T2.

[0062] In one implementation, step 206 may specifically involve the second router transitioning from a routing forwarding state to an intermediate state, and then from the intermediate state to a routing stop state. Specifically, during the transition from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, the second router can forward data packets from the third router; however, during the transition from the intermediate state to the routing stop state, the second router cannot forward data packets from the third router. While in the intermediate state, the second router can forward data packets from the third router. Optionally, the data packets forwarded by the second router from the third router during the transition from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state are unicast data packets.

[0063] Step 207: The first router sends a second instruction to the third router.

[0064] Step 208: According to the second instruction, the third router switches from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router.

[0065] For example, the third router receives the second instruction at time T3, and then stops sending data packets to the second router and starts sending data packets to the first router.

[0066] Step 209: The first router performs the operation of changing from the route stop forwarding state to the route forwarding state.

[0067] After entering the routing forwarding state, the first router can forward data packets to other routers. For example, it can receive a data packet from the third router and then forward the data packet to other routers.

[0068] In one implementation, step 209 may specifically involve: the first router transitioning from a routing stop state to an intermediate state, and then from the intermediate state to a routing forwarding state. Specifically, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the transition from the routing stop state to the intermediate state, but it can forward data packets from the third router during the transition from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state. The first router can forward data packets from the third router while in the intermediate state. Optionally, the data packets forwarded by the first router from the third router during the transition from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state are unicast data packets.

[0069] It should be noted that there is no specific order among steps 205, 207, and 209. For example, the first router may execute steps 209, 205, and 207 sequentially; or it may execute step 209 first, then execute steps 205 and 207 simultaneously; or it may execute steps 205, 207, and 209 simultaneously.

[0070] Furthermore, there is no restriction on the order of steps 206, 208, and 209.

[0071] Through steps 205 to 209, after the first router completes fault recovery, it updates the process from forwarding data packets from the third router to forwarding data packets from the third router by the first router. During this update, the first router transitions from a routing stopped state to a routing forwarding state, and during this process, the first router can forward data packets from the third router. Similarly, during this update, the second router transitions from a routing forwarding state to a routing stopped state, and during this process, the second router can also forward data packets from the third router. This helps avoid data packet loss during router switching, thereby improving communication service quality and user experience.

[0072] Since the time when the third router receives the second instruction may differ from the time when the second router receives the first instruction, there are multiple possible scenarios for data forwarding between the first router, the second router, and the third router in this embodiment of the application, which will be explained in detail below.

[0073] Scenario 1: The second router receives the first instruction earlier than the third router receives the second instruction.

[0074] When the second router receives the first instruction and begins the operation to enter the routing stop state according to the first instruction, and the third router does not receive the second instruction, the third router will still send data packets to the second router. During the state transition of the second router, the third router may receive the second instruction at any time, and stop sending data packets to the second router and start sending data packets to the first router. In this case, the possible situations in which the third router receives the second instruction are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Referring to Table 1 above, when the second router switches from the routing forwarding state to an intermediate state, if the third router does not receive the second instruction, the third router continues to send data packets to the second router. In this case, there is no need to concern oneself with the current state of the first router. Since the third router is still sending data packets to the second router, and the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router, the routing forwarding system can still function normally, preventing data packet loss. Other scenarios will not be elaborated upon.

[0079] It should be noted that in the various scenarios in Table 1 above, since the first router may have already begun entering the routing forwarding state when issuing the first and second instructions, there is virtually no probability that the first router will be in a routing stopped state when it receives a data packet from the third router. That is, in most cases, the routing forwarding system will function normally, enabling it to forward data packets from the third router and thus improve the quality of communication services.

[0080] Scenario 2: The third router receives the second instruction earlier than the second router receives the first instruction.

[0081] When the third router receives the second instruction, and the second router has not received the first instruction, the third router stops sending data packets to the second router and begins sending data packets to the first router according to the second instruction. In this case, the current state of the second router is irrelevant. The possible scenarios for the third router receiving the second instruction are shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Referring to Table 2 above, when the first router receives a data packet sent by the third router, if the first router is currently transitioning from an intermediate state to a routing forwarding state, it can forward the data packet from the third router. Therefore, the routing forwarding system can still function normally, preventing data packet loss. Other scenarios are not elaborated upon.

[0086] It should be noted that, in most of the cases described in Table 2 above, the routing and forwarding system is able to function normally, that is, it can forward data packets from the third router, thus improving the quality of communication services.

[0087] Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a routing device 300, such as... Figure 3As shown, the routing device 300 is applied to a first router, which is included in a routing forwarding system. The routing forwarding system also includes a second router and a third router. Both the first router and the second router are next-hop routers of the third router. The second router is a backup router for the first router. The routing device 300 includes:

[0088] The transceiver unit 301 is used to send a first instruction to the second router when the first router completes fault recovery. The first instruction triggers the second router to enter the routing stop state. During the operation of entering the routing stop state, the second router can forward data packets from the third router. The transceiver unit 301 is also used to send a second instruction to the third router. The second instruction triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router.

[0089] Processing unit 302 is used to perform the operation of entering the routing forwarding state, wherein the first router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the operation of entering the routing forwarding state.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 302 is specifically used to enter an intermediate state from a routing stop state; the first router enters a routing forwarding state from the intermediate state; wherein, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing stop state, and the first router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing forwarding state from the intermediate state.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 302 is specifically configured to forward unicast packets from a third router during the process of transitioning from an intermediate state to a routing forwarding state.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 301 is further configured to send a third instruction to the second router when the first router fails, the third instruction triggering the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router; and to send a fourth instruction to the third router, the fourth instruction triggering the third router to switch from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

[0093] Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a routing device 400, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the routing device 400 is applied to a second router, which is included in a routing forwarding system. The routing forwarding system also includes a first router and a third router. Both the first router and the second router are next-hop routers of the third router. The second router is a backup router for the first router. The routing device 400 includes:

[0094] The transceiver unit 401 is used to receive a first instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after completing fault recovery.

[0095] Processing unit 402 is configured to execute an operation to enter a routing stop state according to a first instruction, wherein the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state.

[0096] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 402 is specifically used to enter an intermediate state from a routing forwarding state and to enter a routing stop state from an intermediate state. Specifically, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the intermediate state from the routing forwarding state, but cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state from an intermediate state.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to forward unicast packets from a third router during the transition from a routing forwarding state to an intermediate state.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 401 is further configured to receive a third instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after a failure occurs; and to forward data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

[0099] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application provide a routing device 500, which may be, for example, a router, such as the aforementioned first router or second router, or a functional unit within a router. Figure 5 As shown, the routing device 500 includes at least one processor 501 and a memory 502 connected to the at least one processor. In this embodiment, the specific connection medium between the processor 501 and the memory 502 is not limited. Figure 5 Taking the connection between processor 501 and memory 502 via a bus as an example, the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc.

[0100] In this embodiment of the application, the memory 502 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 501. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 502, at least one processor 501 can execute the above-described routing method.

[0101] The processor 501 serves as the control center of the routing device 500. It can connect to various parts of the computer device via various interfaces and lines, and performs resource configuration by running or executing instructions stored in the memory 502 and accessing data stored in the memory 502. Optionally, the processor 501 may include one or more determining units. The processor 501 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, while the modem processor primarily handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 501. In some embodiments, the processor 501 and the memory 502 may be implemented on the same chip; in other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.

[0102] Processor 501 can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, capable of implementing or executing the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0103] Memory 502, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules. Memory 502 may include at least one type of storage medium, such as flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory, random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic storage, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. Memory 502 can be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. In the embodiments of this application, memory 502 can also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing storage functions for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0104] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer-executable program for causing a computer to perform any of the routing methods listed above.

[0105] This application also provides a routing forwarding system, which includes a first router for performing the routing methods listed in any of the above methods and a second router for performing the routing methods listed in any of the above methods.

[0106] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0107] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0108] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0109] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0110] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A routing method applied to a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system comprising a first router, a second router, and a third router, wherein the first router and the second router are both next-hop routers of the third router, and the second router is a backup router of the first router, characterized in that, The method includes: When the first router completes fault recovery, the first router sends a first instruction to the second router. The first instruction triggers the second router to enter the routing stop state. During the process of entering the routing stop state, the second router can forward data packets from the third router. The first router sends a second instruction to the third router, which triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router. The first router performs an operation to enter the routing forwarding state, wherein, during the process of entering the routing forwarding state, the first router is able to forward data packets from the third router.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first router performs the operation of entering the routing forwarding state, including: The first router transitions from a routing stopped state to an intermediate state; The first router enters the routing forwarding state from the intermediate state; Specifically, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing stop state to the intermediate state, but can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first router, during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state, is able to forward data packets from the third router, including: The first router is able to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the first router fails, the first router sends a third instruction to the second router, which triggers the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router; The first router sends a fourth instruction to the third router, which triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

5. A routing method applied to a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system comprising a first router, a second router, and a third router, wherein the first router and the second router are both next-hop routers of the third router, and the second router is a backup router of the first router, characterized in that, The method includes: The second router receives a first instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after completing fault recovery; The second router executes the operation of entering the routing stop state according to the first instruction, wherein the second router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the operation of entering the routing stop state; The first router is configured to send a second instruction to the third router when the first router completes fault recovery. The second instruction triggers the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router. The first router is also configured to perform an operation to enter a routing forwarding state, wherein the first router is configured to forward data packets from the third router during the operation of entering the routing forwarding state.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The second router performs the operation of entering the routing stop state, including: The second router transitions from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state; The second router enters the routing stopped state from the intermediate state; Specifically, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, but cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing stop state.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second router, during the transition from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, can forward data packets from the third router, including: The second router is able to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second router receives a third instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after a failure occurs; The second router forwards data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

9. A routing device applied to a first router, the first router being included in a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system further including a second router and a third router, the first router and the second router being both next-hop routers of the third router, the second router being a backup router for the first router, characterized in that, The routing device includes: The transceiver unit is configured to, when the first router completes fault recovery, send a first instruction to the second router, the first instruction triggering the second router to enter a routing stop state, wherein the second router is capable of forwarding data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state; and send a second instruction to the third router, the second instruction triggering the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router. The processing unit is used to perform the operation of entering the routing forwarding state, wherein the first router is able to forward data packets from the third router during the operation of entering the routing forwarding state.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The processing unit is specifically used to transition from the routing stop state to the intermediate state; the first router transitions from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state; Specifically, the first router cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing stop state to the intermediate state, but can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The processing unit is specifically configured to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing forwarding state.

12. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that, The transceiver unit is further configured to, when the first router fails, send a third instruction to the second router, the third instruction triggering the second router to start forwarding data packets from the third router; and send a fourth instruction to the third router, the fourth instruction triggering the third router to switch from sending data packets to the first router to sending data packets to the second router.

13. A routing device applied to a second router, the second router being included in a routing forwarding system, the routing forwarding system further including a first router and a third router, the first router and the second router being both next-hop routers of the third router, the second router being a backup router for the first router, characterized in that, The routing device includes: The transceiver unit is used to receive a first instruction from the first router, which is sent by the first router after completing fault recovery; The processing unit is configured to execute an operation to enter a routing stop state according to the first instruction, wherein the second router is capable of forwarding data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing stop state; wherein the first router is configured to send a second instruction to the third router when the first router completes fault recovery, the second instruction triggering the third router to switch from sending data packets to the second router to sending data packets to the first router; the first router is also configured to execute an operation to enter a routing forwarding state, wherein the first router is configured to forward data packets from the third router during the process of entering the routing forwarding state.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The processing unit is specifically used to transition from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state; and from the intermediate state to the routing stop state. Specifically, the second router can forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state, but cannot forward data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the intermediate state to the routing stop state.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that, The processing unit is specifically configured to forward unicast data packets from the third router during the process of transitioning from the routing forwarding state to the intermediate state.

16. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, The transceiver unit is further configured to receive a third instruction from the first router, the third instruction being sent by the first router after a failure; and to forward data packets from the third router according to the third instruction.

17. A routing and forwarding system, characterized in that, The routing and forwarding system includes a first router for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, and a second router for performing the method of any one of claims 5 to 8.

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