An overflow monitoring and early warning device, system and method for oil and gas drilling

Abstract

The application discloses an overflow monitoring and early warning device, system and method for oil and gas drilling, relates to the technical field of oil and gas monitoring, and solves the technical problem that the existing device cannot quantitatively monitor outlet flow and has high cost, and comprises a base in communication with the outer wall of a flow guide groove, a shell connected to the base, an ultrasonic sensor arranged in the shell, the ultrasonic sensor being connected to the inner wall of the shell, and a filter cylinder connected to the inner wall of the shell and arranged below the ultrasonic sensor; the overflow monitoring and early warning device further comprises a mud scraper assembly, the mud scraper assembly comprising a scraper in contact with the inner wall of the filter cylinder, a driving assembly for driving the scraper to move up and down, and a controller; the overflow monitoring and early warning device has high overflow identification precision and sensitivity, can achieve the purpose of reducing cost on the basis of ensuring accurate overflow monitoring, and has the technical advantage of being fully promoted and applied in deep well and ultra-deep well drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas monitoring technology, and more specifically to an oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning device, system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of oil and gas drilling technology, deep and ultra-deep wells are accounting for an increasingly larger proportion of exploration and development. The risk of encountering formations with narrow safe drilling fluid density windows is increasing, and problems such as overflow and leakage occur frequently, which greatly increases the difficulty of well control to achieve safe drilling. Real-time and accurate measurement of drilling fluid outlet flow rate is an important technology to achieve early detection of overflow and leakage and achieve the goal of safe drilling.

[0003] Currently, conventional drilling methods both domestically and internationally primarily use baffle flowmeters to qualitatively measure the outlet flow rate (percentage), which cannot quantitatively measure the outlet flow rate. Furthermore, during prolonged operation, drilling fluid adheres to the baffles, causing changes in their weight and resulting in significant measurement errors. This makes it unsuitable as an effective basis for leak detection. On-site leak identification and alarm still rely on drilling fluid tank level monitoring, calculating total tank volume changes manually. This method suffers from delayed leak detection and is prone to false alarms and missed alarms. Controlled pressure drilling uses mass flowmeters to measure the outlet flow rate in the surface process (full pipe state). While this method offers high accuracy, it is unsuitable for measuring the drilling fluid outlet flow rate in a partially filled guide channel and is easily damaged by cuttings. In addition, existing technologies include a mass flowmeter-based device for monitoring the outlet flow rate when the guide channel transitions from a partially full to a U-shaped full pipe. However, this device has experienced severe pipe blockage and inconvenient cleaning, affecting continuous leak detection. Moreover, its application requires significant modifications to on-site equipment and is costly, thus hindering its widespread adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing technologies that cannot quantitatively monitor outlet flow and are costly. This invention provides a leak monitoring and early warning device, system and method for oil and gas drilling.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning device includes a base connected to the outer wall of a guide channel, a housing connected to the base, an ultrasonic sensor installed inside the housing, the ultrasonic sensor being connected to the inner wall of the housing, and a filter cylinder connected to the inner wall of the housing located below the ultrasonic sensor.

[0007] The overflow monitoring and early warning device also includes a scraper assembly, which includes a scraper blade that contacts the inner wall of the filter cylinder, a drive assembly for driving the scraper blade to move up and down, and a controller.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a drive motor and drive rods. A fixed base is provided on the top of the housing. The drive motor is connected to the inner wall of the fixed base. There are two drive rods, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the scraper. The top ends of the two drive rods are connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the other ends are connected to the scraper.

[0009] Furthermore, a water inlet is connected to the housing, with one end of the water inlet extending into the filter cylinder and the other end passing through the housing and extending to the outside of the housing.

[0010] Furthermore, a pressure balancing interface is provided on the outer wall of the housing near the filter cylinder, and the pressure balancing interface is connected to a pressure balancing pipeline, which is connected to the buffer tank.

[0011] In addition, the present invention also provides an oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning system, including a data acquisition box, non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software and the above-mentioned oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning device.

[0012] Oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices are used to measure the drilling fluid level in the guide channel.

[0013] The data acquisition box is used to collect drilling fluid level data measured by the overflow monitoring and early warning device and send it to the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. It can also perform power conversion and supply power to the overflow monitoring and early warning device.

[0014] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software is used to read well logging data and make working condition judgments. Combining mathematical models and collected drilling fluid level data, it calculates the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel and identifies and warns of overflow status based on the outlet flow rate.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices is two, and they are installed in a redundant manner.

[0016] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling, which adopts the above-mentioned oil and gas drilling leak monitoring and early warning system, and the method includes the following steps:

[0017] The drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate were calibrated by ensuring stable circulation under different displacements.

[0018] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software reads logging data and makes the following judgments on the operating conditions.

[0019] When the inlet flow rate change is detected to be <3L / s and remains basically constant within two minutes, continue to execute the following overflow warning algorithm;

[0020] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software generates an outlet flow rate trend line based on the outlet flow rate fluctuation. It collects the outlet flow rate value every three seconds. If the outlet flow rate values ​​collected subsequently fluctuate around the trend line, the drilling is considered normal. If there are five consecutive outlet flow rate values ​​that show a continuous upward or downward trend, the drilling is considered abnormal and there is an overflow. An audible and visual alarm is issued, and an overflow risk confirmation button pops up on the interface of the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software.

[0021] Verify the accuracy of the risk warning information. If you click "No", it is considered a false alarm, and the trend line range is updated. If you click "Yes", the warning is successful.

[0022] When an inlet flow rate change of ≥3L / s is detected, the outlet flow rate change trend line will be regenerated, and the overflow warning algorithm will be re-executed.

[0023] Furthermore, calibrating the relationship between drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate includes the following steps:

[0024] Get multiple different entry traffic Q in And the drilling fluid level height h, calculated using formula Q in =e A*h+b Obtain the values ​​of A and b;

[0025] Under the condition that the inlet flow rate change is <3L / s, the empirical outlet flow rate Q1 of the non-full pipe guide channel is calculated;

[0026] The formula for calculating the empirical outlet flow rate of a non-full-pipe guide channel is:

[0027] Q1 = e A*h+b ;

[0028] Among them, Q in Q1 is the inlet flow rate; Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel; e is the natural baseline; A is the slope coefficient; h is the drilling fluid level; b is the intercept coefficient.

[0029] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the export flow rate is:

[0030] Q = K0 * Q0 + K1 * Q1;

[0031] Where Q is the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q0 is the theoretical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, and K0 and K1 are empirical correction coefficients.

[0032] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the change in inlet flow is:

[0033] Change in inbound traffic = |Current inbound traffic – Previous inbound traffic|.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. This invention directly measures the drilling fluid level at the outlet of the drilling fluid via an overflow monitoring and early warning device. It calculates the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. Furthermore, it determines whether an overflow occurs by identifying changes in the inlet flow rate, generating an outlet flow rate fluctuation trend line, collecting outlet flow rate values ​​multiple times at different time periods, and observing the changes in consecutive outlet flow rate values. This allows for timely notification to relevant personnel, achieving quantitative monitoring of the outlet flow rate. Simultaneously, this invention offers higher overflow identification accuracy and sensitivity, stronger stability and reliability for continuous monitoring, and reduces costs while ensuring accurate overflow monitoring. It possesses the technical advantage of being widely applicable in deep and ultra-deep well drilling.

[0036] 2. By incorporating a filter cylinder, this invention can reduce the disturbance amplitude of the drilling fluid surface and filter out invalid acoustic signals, thereby improving the accuracy of fluid level measurement.

[0037] 3. By setting up a water injection interface, this invention can connect to an external high-pressure water tank to spray and clean the filter cylinder and the probe of the ultrasonic sensor; by setting up a mud scraper assembly, it can remotely control the cleaning of drilling fluid adhering to the inner wall of the filter cylinder, avoiding excessive drilling fluid adhesion that would block the propagation of ultrasonic waves and ensuring the accuracy of ultrasonic sensor measurements.

[0038] 4. By setting up a pressure balancing interface and a pressure balancing pipeline, the bottom of the sensor and the buffer tank are connected, which can balance the pressure in the upper and lower parts of the ultrasonic sensor and avoid the ultrasonic sensor being unable to be installed properly due to the pressure of the coil during maintenance.

[0039] 5. The oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning system of the present invention includes two oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices, which are installed in a redundant manner to ensure the reliability of continuous monitoring at all times. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a system diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the working process of the present invention under drilling conditions;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the workflow of the present invention under non-drilling conditions;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow measurement principle in this invention.

[0045] Reference numerals: 1-Base; 2-Scraper; 3-Filter cylinder; 4-Mounting through hole; 5-Pressure cap; 6-Ultrasonic sensor; 7-Drive rod; 8-Drive motor; 9-Fixed seat; 10-Scraper assembly; 11-Pressure balance interface; 12-Water injection interface; 13-Mounting seat; 14-Heat dissipation hole; 15-Housing; 16-Drive assembly; 17-Overflow monitoring and early warning device one; 18-Overflow monitoring and early warning device two; 19-Pressure balance pipeline; 20-Buffer tank; 21-Data acquisition box; 22-Flow guide channel. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0047] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides an oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning device, including a base 1 that communicates with the outer wall of the guide channel 22, a housing 15 connected to the base 1, an ultrasonic sensor 6 disposed inside the housing 15, the ultrasonic sensor 6 being connected to the inner wall of the housing 15, and a filter cylinder 3 disposed below the ultrasonic sensor 6 and connected to the inner wall of the housing 15.

[0050] The overflow monitoring and early warning device also includes a scraper assembly 10, which includes a scraper 2 that contacts the inner wall of the filter cylinder 3, a drive assembly 16 for driving the scraper 2 to move up and down, and a controller.

[0051] As an feasible approach, the base 1 is fixed to the guide channel 22 by making holes and welding, and the base 1 is connected to the housing 15 by a flange connection.

[0052] As one feasible approach, a mounting base 13 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 15. A mounting through-hole 4 matching the ultrasonic sensor 6 is provided in the center of the mounting base 13. An internal thread is provided on the inner wall of the mounting through-hole 4 near the top, and a pressure cap 5 is provided in the mounting through-hole 4 that is threaded into the internal thread. Through the engagement of the pressure cap 5 with the internal thread, the ultrasonic sensor can be quickly and stably fixed.

[0053] This invention uses an ultrasonic sensor 6 to directly measure the drilling fluid level in the guide channel 22. By setting up a filter cylinder 3, the disturbance amplitude of the drilling fluid level can be reduced, and invalid acoustic signals can be filtered out, thereby improving the accuracy of the fluid level measurement.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment describes the structure of the driving component 16 based on the above embodiment.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the drive assembly 16 includes a drive motor 8 and drive rods 7. A fixed seat 9 is provided on the top of the housing 15. The drive motor 8 is connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat 9. There are two drive rods 7, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the scraper 2. The top ends of the two drive rods 7 are connected to the output end of the drive motor 8, and the other ends are connected to the scraper 2.

[0057] The present invention uses a drive motor 8 to drive a drive rod 7, which in turn drives the scraper 2 to move up and down. During the up and down movement of the scraper 2, the drilling fluid solid particles deposited on the inner wall of the filter cylinder 3 are removed, ensuring the stability of the measurement by the ultrasonic sensor 6.

[0058] It should be noted that the scraper assembly 10 includes two working modes: automatic scraping and manual scraping. The automatic scraping mode automatically performs scraping operations according to the set time interval and number of scraping operations; the manual scraping mode involves manually scraping the mud three times after operation via local or remote control software.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and provides an optimized description of further enhancing the cleaning effect of the filter cylinder 3.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, a water inlet 12 is connected to the housing 15. One end of the water inlet 12 extends into the filter cylinder 3, and the other end passes through the housing 15 and extends to the outside of the housing 15.

[0062] This invention, by setting a water injection interface 12, can spray and clean the filter cylinder 3 and the probe of the ultrasonic sensor 6 by connecting to an external high-pressure water tank; and by setting a mud scraper assembly 10, it can remotely control the cleaning of drilling fluid adhering to the inner wall of the filter cylinder 3, avoiding excessive drilling fluid adhesion that would block the propagation of ultrasonic waves and ensuring the accuracy of the ultrasonic sensor 6 measurement.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] This embodiment is an optimized description of the pressure balance treatment inside the housing 15 based on the above embodiment.

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a pressure balance interface 11 is provided on the outer wall of the housing 15 near the filter cylinder 3. The pressure balance interface 11 is connected to a pressure balance pipeline 19, which is connected to the buffer tank 20.

[0066] This invention connects the bottom of the sensor and the buffer tank 20 by setting up a pressure balance interface 11 and a pressure balance pipeline 19, which can balance the pressure in the upper and lower parts of the ultrasonic sensor 6 and prevent the ultrasonic sensor 6 from being unable to be installed properly due to the pressure of the coil during maintenance.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] This embodiment is an optimized description of the heat dissipation treatment inside the housing 15, based on the above embodiment.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the housing 15 has multiple heat dissipation holes 14.

[0070] Example 6

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment also provides an oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning system, including a data acquisition box 21, non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software, and the above-mentioned oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning device.

[0072] The oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning device is used to measure the drilling fluid level in the guide channel 22.

[0073] The data acquisition box 21 is used to acquire drilling fluid level data measured by the overflow monitoring and early warning device and send it to the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. It can also perform power conversion and supply power to the overflow monitoring and early warning device.

[0074] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software is used to read well logging data and make working condition judgments. Combining mathematical models and collected drilling fluid level data, it calculates the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel and identifies and warns of overflow status based on the outlet flow rate.

[0075] Specifically, the data acquisition box 21 is powered by 220V AC power. On the one hand, it performs power conversion and powers the ultrasonic sensor 6 and the sludge scraper; on the other hand, it collects the data measured by the overflow monitoring and early warning device and controls the start and stop of the sludge scraper assembly.

[0076] Specifically, the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software is the core of the entire system, including functions such as ultrasonic sensor calibration and data management, sludge scraper management, overflow status identification and early warning, data management and playback, and graphical display.

[0077] Furthermore, the number of oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices is two, and they are installed in a redundant manner.

[0078] Specifically, when redundant installation is used, it has two working modes: intelligent fault switching and timed switching, which can further improve the reliability and continuity of system use.

[0079] The oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning system of the present invention includes two oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices, which are installed in a redundant manner to ensure the reliability of continuous monitoring at all times.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment also provides a method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling, which adopts the above-mentioned oil and gas drilling leak monitoring and early warning system. The method includes the following steps:

[0082] The drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate were calibrated by ensuring stable circulation under different displacements.

[0083] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software reads logging data and makes the following judgments on the operating conditions.

[0084] When the inlet flow rate change is detected to be <3L / s and remains basically constant within two minutes, continue to execute the following overflow warning algorithm;

[0085] The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software generates an outlet flow rate trend line based on the outlet flow rate fluctuation. It collects the outlet flow rate value every three seconds. If the outlet flow rate values ​​collected subsequently fluctuate around the trend line, the drilling is considered normal. If there are five consecutive outlet flow rate values ​​that show a continuous upward or downward trend, the drilling is considered abnormal and there is an overflow. An audible and visual alarm is issued, and an overflow risk confirmation button pops up on the interface of the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software.

[0086] Verify the accuracy of the risk warning information. If you click "No", it is considered a false alarm, and the trend line range is updated. If you click "Yes", the warning is successful.

[0087] When an inlet flow rate change of ≥3L / s is detected, the outlet flow rate change trend line will be regenerated, and the overflow warning algorithm will be re-executed.

[0088] Furthermore, calibrating the relationship between drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate includes the following steps:

[0089] Get multiple different entry traffic Q in And the drilling fluid level height h, calculated using formula Q in =e A*h+b Obtain the values ​​of A and b;

[0090] Under the condition that the inlet flow rate change is <3L / s, the empirical outlet flow rate Q1 of the non-full pipe guide channel is calculated;

[0091] The formula for calculating the empirical outlet flow rate of a non-full-pipe guide channel is:

[0092] Q1 = e A*h+b ;

[0093] Among them, Q in Q1 is the inlet flow rate; Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel; e is the natural baseline; A is the slope coefficient; h is the drilling fluid level; b is the intercept coefficient.

[0094] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the export flow rate is:

[0095] Q = K0 * Q0 + K1 * Q1;

[0096] Where Q is the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q0 is the theoretical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, and K0 and K1 are empirical correction coefficients of 5.

[0097] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the change in inlet flow is:

[0098] Change in inbound traffic = |Current inbound traffic – Previous inbound traffic|.

[0099] The specific implementation process of this invention is as follows:

[0100] Cut an opening in the top wall at approximately 1 / 3 of the front end of the guide channel 22 and weld two bases 1, with a distance of not less than 0.5m between the two bases 1.

[0101] Obtain the length l, inner diameter d, and height difference h1 of the outlet guide channel; obtain the drilling fluid level h, drilling fluid density ρ, and drilling fluid viscosity μ in the outlet guide channel.

[0102] Install a leak monitoring and early warning device, and connect pressure balance pipeline 19 and matching cables.

[0103] Test the power-on of the equipment to check whether the ultrasonic sensor 6 and the scraper assembly 10 are working properly.

[0104] Start the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software, and check whether the communication between the software and the data acquisition box 21 and the logging system is normal.

[0105] Start the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software, input the basic well information, and configure the ultrasonic sensor 6 communication parameters, logging data communication parameters, channel working parameters, and alarm parameters.

[0106] Configure the automatic switching mode of the overflow monitoring and early warning device 17 (channel 1) and the overflow monitoring and early warning device 28 (channel 2) at interval t1, where t1 can be any value within 1-24 hours.

[0107] The relationship between drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate was calibrated under stable circulation conditions at different displacements (i.e., inlet flow rate variation < 3 L / s), as follows:

[0108] Record traffic from different entry points Q in And the liquid level height h, using the empirical formula Q in =e A*h+b Determine the ingress traffic Q in The functional relationship between the drilling fluid level height h and the drilling fluid level height h was established, and the coefficients A and b were calculated using the least squares method. Under subsequent stable circulation or drilling conditions (inlet flow rate variation < 3 L / s), Q1 = e A*h+b The empirical outlet flow rate Q1 of the non-full pipe guide channel is calculated, where e is approximately equal to 2.718.

[0109] The outlet flow rate of a non-full-pipe guide channel is obtained from the theoretical outlet flow rate and the empirical outlet flow rate of a non-full-pipe guide channel. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0110] Q = K0 * Q0 + K1 * Q1;

[0111] Where Q is the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q0 is the theoretical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, and K0 and K1 are empirical correction coefficients.

[0112] It should be noted that the empirical correction coefficients will change depending on the block, formation, well structure, and drilling fluid properties. The values ​​of K0 and K1 are both between 0 and 1, with a default value of 0.5.

[0113] As an feasible approach, the theoretical outlet flow rate Q0 of the non-full pipe guide channel is obtained through the following steps;

[0114] 1) Calculate the flow velocity v of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel;

[0115]

[0116] Where v is the flow velocity of drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel, h1 is the height difference, l is the length of the outlet guide channel, d is the inner diameter, and h is the height of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel.

[0117] 2) Calculate the cross-sectional area S of the non-full pipe guide channel;

[0118]

[0119] Where S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the non-full pipe guide channel, d is the inner diameter, and h is the height of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel.

[0120] 3) Calculate the perimeter C of the fluid contacting the pipe wall on the cross-section of the non-full pipe guide channel;

[0121]

[0122] Where C is the perimeter of the fluid in contact with the pipe wall on the cross-section of the non-full pipe guide channel, d is the inner diameter, and h is the height of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel.

[0123] 4) Calculate the hydraulic radius rh of the non-full pipe guide channel;

[0124]

[0125] Where rh is the hydraulic radius of the non-full pipe guide channel, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the non-full pipe guide channel, and C is the perimeter of the fluid in contact with the pipe wall on the cross-sectional area of ​​the non-full pipe guide channel.

[0126] 5) Calculate the Reynolds number Re when the tube is not fully filled;

[0127]

[0128] Where Re is the Reynolds number when the pipe is not full, v is the flow velocity of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel, ρ is the drilling fluid density, rh is the hydraulic radius of the guide channel when the pipe is not full, and μ is the drilling fluid viscosity.

[0129] 6) Calculate the friction coefficient f of the non-full pipe guide channel;

[0130]

[0131] Where f is the friction coefficient of the non-full pipe guide channel, d is the inner diameter, and Re is the Reynolds number when the pipe is not full.

[0132] 7) Calculate the theoretical outlet flow rate Q0 of the non-full pipe guide channel;

[0133]

[0134] Where Q0 is the theoretical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, h1 is the height difference, l is the length of the outlet guide channel, f is the friction coefficient of the non-full pipe guide channel, d is the inner diameter, and h is the height of the drilling fluid in the outlet guide channel.

[0135] Observe the values ​​of each parameter and whether the real-time curve plotting is normal in the real-time data monitoring window.

[0136] During normal drilling, the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software obtains real-time drilling data from the logging instrument via the Wits transmission protocol, and performs working condition identification and inlet flow rate change calculation based on the logging data.

[0137] Change in inbound traffic = |Current inbound traffic – Previous inbound traffic|.

[0138] When the inlet flow rate change is detected to be less than 3L / s and remains basically constant within two minutes (fluctuations are allowed up to 2L / s), it indicates a drilling or circulation condition, and the overflow warning algorithm is executed.

[0139] The overflow warning algorithm is as follows: The system generates a trend line based on the fluctuation of the outlet flow rate. If no drilling anomaly occurs, the outlet flow rate value collected subsequently will fluctuate around the trend line. However, if the outlet flow rate value collected subsequently shows a continuous upward or downward trend for five consecutive points (one point every three seconds), it is judged as an overflow or leakage, and an audible and visual alarm is issued.

[0140] An overflow risk confirmation button pops up on the software interface. Engineers will promptly process the alarm information. If "No" is clicked, it is determined to be a false alarm, and the trend line range is updated; if "Yes" is clicked, the warning is successful.

[0141] When a variable displacement is detected (i.e., the inlet flow rate changes by ≥3L / s), no overflow or leakage judgment is performed. Instead, the outlet flow rate change trend line is regenerated, and the overflow and leakage early warning algorithm is re-executed for early warning and processing.

[0142] The length, outer diameter, inner diameter, and height difference between the two ends of the outlet guide channel can be obtained by measuring with a tape measure or by determining with an infrared rangefinder. The drilling fluid density ρ is obtained by weighing, and the drilling fluid viscosity μ is obtained by rotating a viscometer.

[0143] This invention measures the drilling fluid level directly at the outlet channel of the drilling fluid using an overflow monitoring and early warning device. It calculates the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. Furthermore, it determines whether an overflow occurs by identifying changes in the inlet flow rate, generating an outlet flow rate fluctuation trend line, collecting outlet flow rate values ​​multiple times at different time periods, and observing the changes in consecutive outlet flow rate values. This allows for timely notification to relevant personnel, achieving quantitative monitoring of the outlet flow rate. Simultaneously, this invention offers higher overflow identification accuracy and sensitivity, stronger stability and reliability for continuous monitoring, and reduces costs while ensuring accurate overflow monitoring. It possesses the technical advantage of being widely applicable in deep and ultra-deep well drilling.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling, characterized in that, This is achieved using an oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning system, and the method includes the following steps: The drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate were calibrated by ensuring stable circulation under different displacements. The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software reads logging data and makes the following judgments on the operating conditions. When the inlet flow rate change is detected to be <3L / s and remains basically constant within two minutes, continue to execute the following overflow warning algorithm; The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software generates an outlet flow rate trend line based on the outlet flow rate fluctuation. It collects the outlet flow rate value every three seconds. If the outlet flow rate values ​​collected subsequently fluctuate around the trend line, the drilling is considered normal. If there are five consecutive outlet flow rate values ​​that show a continuous upward or downward trend, the drilling is considered abnormal and there is an overflow. An audible and visual alarm is issued, and an overflow risk confirmation button pops up on the interface of the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. Verify the accuracy of the risk warning information. If you click "No", it is considered a false alarm, and the trend line range is updated. If you click "Yes", the warning is successful. When an inlet flow rate change of ≥3L / s is detected, the outlet flow rate change trend line will be regenerated, and the overflow warning algorithm will be re-executed. The calibration of the relationship between drilling fluid level and inlet flow rate includes the following steps: Get multiple different entry traffic Q in And the drilling fluid level height h, calculated using formula Q in =e A*h+b Obtain the values ​​of A and b; Under the condition that the inlet flow rate variation is <3L / s, the empirical outlet flow rate Q1 of the non-full pipe guide channel is calculated; The formula for calculating the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel is as follows: Q1 = e A*h+b ; Among them, Q in Q1 is the inlet flow rate; e is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel; A is the slope coefficient; h is the drilling fluid level; b is the intercept coefficient. The formula for calculating the export flow rate is: Q = K0 * Q0 + K1 * Q1; Where Q is the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q0 is the theoretical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, Q1 is the empirical outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel, and K0 and K1 are empirical correction coefficients.

2. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the change in inlet flow rate is: Change in inbound traffic = |Current inbound traffic - Previous inbound traffic|.

3. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning system includes a data acquisition box (21), non-full pipe spill monitoring and early warning software, and an oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning device. The oil and gas drilling overflow monitoring and early warning device is used to measure the drilling fluid level in the guide channel (22); The data acquisition box (21) is used to acquire drilling fluid level data measured by the overflow monitoring and early warning device and send it to the non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software. It can also perform power conversion and supply power to the overflow monitoring and early warning device. The non-full pipe overflow monitoring and early warning software is used to read logging data and make working condition judgments. Combining mathematical models and collected drilling fluid level data, it calculates the outlet flow rate of the non-full pipe guide channel and identifies and warns of overflow status based on the outlet flow rate.

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of the oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning devices is two, and they are installed in a redundant manner.

5. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oil and gas drilling spill monitoring and early warning device includes a base (1) connected to the outer wall of the guide channel (22), a housing (15) connected to the base (1), an ultrasonic sensor (6) is installed inside the housing (15), the ultrasonic sensor (6) is connected to the inner wall of the housing (15), and a filter cylinder (3) connected to the inner wall of the housing (15) is installed below the ultrasonic sensor (6). The overflow monitoring and early warning device also includes a scraper assembly (10), which includes a scraper (2) in contact with the inner wall of the filter cylinder (3), a drive assembly (16) for driving the scraper (2) to move up and down, and a controller.

6. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive assembly (16) includes a drive motor (8) and drive rods (7). A fixed seat (9) is provided on the top of the housing (15). The drive motor (8) is connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat (9). There are two drive rods (7) symmetrically arranged on the top two sides of the scraper (2). The top ends of the two drive rods (7) are connected to the output end of the drive motor (8), and the other ends are connected to the scraper (2).

7. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that, A water inlet (12) is connected to the housing (15). One end of the water inlet (12) extends into the filter cylinder (3), and the other end passes through the housing (15) and extends to the outside of the housing (15).

8. The method for monitoring and early warning of leaks in oil and gas drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the housing (15) near the filter cylinder (3) is provided with a pressure balance interface (11), which is connected to a pressure balance pipeline (19), and the pressure balance pipeline (19) is connected to the buffer tank (20).

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