A wetland water ecological restoration system and a restoration method

Abstract

This application relates to a wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system and method, particularly in the field of wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration. The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system includes a surface flow zone, a vertical subsurface flow zone, and a transition zone. The surface flow zone contains a simulated river channel planted with aquatic plants. The vertical subsurface flow zone contains a packing bed planted with shade-tolerant aquatic plants. A geomembrane is laid beneath the packing bed, and permeable pipes are laid horizontally at intervals within the packing bed. These permeable pipes are connected to a main permeable pipe, which has at least two outlet pipes at its outlet end. One of these outlet pipes is equipped with a pump station and leads to the inlet end of the surface flow zone. The transition zone is located between the surface flow zone and the vertical subsurface flow zone. A gate is installed in the transition zone, with one end connected to the simulated river channel and the other end leading to the packing bed. Each gate is equipped with a flow guiding component for adjusting the flow direction and velocity. This application offers the advantages of high restoration efficiency and resistance to environmental changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, and in particular to a wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system and restoration method. Background Technology

[0002] Wetlands, as an important component of the Earth's ecosystem, not only provide habitats for numerous aquatic plants and animals but also perform multiple ecological functions, including climate regulation, flood control, water storage, and water purification. However, with the continuous expansion of human activities, wetland aquatic ecosystems face increasingly serious threats. These problems not only affect the healthy development of wetlands themselves but also negatively impact the surrounding environment and human lives. Therefore, wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, restoring and enhancing the ecological functions of wetlands, has become an important issue for current ecological protection and sustainable development.

[0003] Currently, with increasing social attention and investment in wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration technologies have made some progress. Wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration technologies began with basic physical remediation operations, such as sediment dredging and hydrodynamic adjustment, aiming to directly improve the physical environment of wetlands. Subsequently, with technological advancements, chemical remediation methods evolved, such as chemical algae removal and flocculation sedimentation, which were introduced to address specific pollutants. While these methods solved pollution problems to some extent, they also triggered potential negative impacts on the ecological environment. Entering the new century, bioremediation technologies, such as artificial wetland construction and biomanipulation strategies, have gradually become dominant. Bioremediation technologies focus on using natural biological processes to restore wetland ecological balance, reducing the side effects of human intervention, and emphasizing the self-recovery and long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. Although there have been significant improvements compared to physical and chemical remediation, problems remain, including a long remediation process, limiting the need for rapid restoration, and the significant influence of geographical location, climate conditions, and seasonal changes on remediation effectiveness, leading to high complexity and uncertainty in technology implementation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly efficient and adaptable aquatic ecosystem restoration technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issues of lengthy restoration processes and significant susceptibility to changes in the natural environment associated with wetland aquatic ecosystem bioremediation technologies, this application provides a wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system and method.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A wetland water ecosystem restoration system includes a surface flow zone, a vertical subsurface flow zone, and a transition zone connecting the surface flow zone and the vertical subsurface flow zone;

[0007] The surface flow area is equipped with a simulated river channel, and aquatic plants are planted in the simulated river channel;

[0008] A packing bed is provided in the vertical subsurface flow zone. The surface height of the packing bed is lower than that of the surface flow zone. Shade-tolerant aquatic plants are planted on the packing bed. An impermeable membrane is laid below the packing bed. Permeable pipes are laid horizontally at intervals on the side of the packing bed near the impermeable membrane. The permeable pipes are connected to the permeable main pipe. The outlet end of the permeable main pipe is provided with at least two outlet pipes. One of the outlet pipes is equipped with a pump station and leads to the inlet end of the surface flow zone.

[0009] The transition zone is located between the surface flow zone and the vertical subsurface flow zone. A gate is provided in the transition zone. One end of the gate is connected to the simulated river channel, and the other end leads to the filler bed. Each gate is equipped with a flow guiding component for adjusting the flow direction and velocity of the water.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, the surface flow zone simulates a natural river environment, is rich in aquatic vegetation, and promotes photosynthesis and biodiversity. The transition zone, through adjustable guide walls and baffles, flexibly controls the direction and flow rate of water, ensuring that the water is effectively pretreated before entering the highly efficient vertical subsurface flow zone. The vertical subsurface flow zone, with its core of highly efficient aeration facilities and packing layers, achieves deep removal of pollutants. By setting up three closely connected parts—the surface flow zone, the transition zone, and the vertical subsurface flow zone—a vertical subsurface flow wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system based on artificial and natural intervention is formed. This achieves highly efficient water purification, restores and enhances the ecological functions of the wetland, effectively reduces the impact of natural environmental changes on aquatic ecosystem restoration, and its scientific overall layout, through modular design and active regulation, ensures the high efficiency of water treatment and the sustainability of ecological restoration.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes an intelligent control mechanism, which includes sensors disposed in the surface flow zone, transition zone and vertical subsurface flow zone and a controller electrically connected to the sensors. The sensors include a water level sensor and a water quality sensor, and the controller is controlled to connect to both the pump station and the flow diversion assembly.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient to automatically adjust the water flow direction and rate by controlling the flow guiding component based on water quality and water level monitoring data, so as to adapt to changes in water quality and treatment needs, achieve efficient connection between the surface flow zone and the vertical subsurface flow zone, and also improve the treatment effect by controlling the pump station to circulate the water.

[0013] Optionally, the flow guiding assembly includes a flow guiding plate and a driving component. The flow guiding plate is rotatably connected to the gate inlet, and the driving component is used to drive the flow guiding plate to rotate in order to adjust the direction and speed of the water flow through the gate inlet. The driving component is connected to a controller.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the controller can control the drive component to rotate the guide plate to adjust the water flow direction. By controlling different opening and closing angles, the flow velocity can also be affected, which is simple and practical.

[0015] Optionally, multiple sets of gates are provided, with each gate staggered at its connection to the simulated river channel, and each gate also staggered at its connection to the filler bed.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solutions, the surface flow zone and the vertical subsurface flow zone can be deeply integrated, maximizing the purification effect of the vertical subsurface flow zone.

[0017] Optionally, the surface flow area is provided with adjustable ecological floating islands, the adjustable ecological floating islands comprising:

[0018] A floating frame, wherein multiple mounting positions are provided on the floating frame.

[0019] A plant tray module, which is detachably installed on the mounting position of the floating frame.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the adaptability and dynamic adjustment capability of the adjustable ecological floating island can be utilized. That is, the plants planted on the plant tray module can be selected according to the water purification needs and ecological adaptability. For example, they can be replaced or added or removed according to water quality changes and seasonal changes to cope with the seasonal changes in wetland water conditions, water quality fluctuations and natural processes such as biological community succession. At the same time, it meets the water purification and ecological restoration needs of different time periods or special conditions, and achieves the best purification effect and ecological benefits.

[0021] Optionally, the adjustable ecological floating island further includes a height adjustment mechanism, the height adjustment mechanism comprising:

[0022] A positioning anchor, which is fixed to the bottom of a simulated river channel, and a threading ring is installed on the positioning anchor;

[0023] The winch is fixed to one side of the bottom of the floating frame. The winch cable is wrapped around the cable threading ring and fixed to the side of the floating frame away from the cable threading ring. The motor of the winch is waterproofed or is an underwater motor.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the winch and positioning anchor can be used to adjust the floating height of the adjustable ecological floating island. This allows the height of the plant layer to be adjusted up or down according to seasonal water level changes or specific purification targets, ensuring that the plant roots are always at the optimal underwater depth, promoting their growth and pollutant absorption, improving the restoration effect, and maximizing the restoration effect.

[0025] Optionally, the height adjustment mechanism further includes a cable clearing assembly, the cable clearing assembly comprising:

[0026] A support frame is fixed to the bottom of the floating frame and spans across the winch roller;

[0027] The cable clamping pulley includes two rollers rotatably connected to the bracket. The two rollers are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the winch cable. The movement of the cable drives the two rollers to rotate.

[0028] The cleaning rollers are located on the side of the clamping rollers away from the support and include two brush rollers rotatably connected to the support. The two brush rollers are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the winch cable, and the rotation trajectory of the brush bristles of the brush rollers intersects with the cable.

[0029] The gear set is provided in two sets, each set including two gears that are coaxially connected to and mesh with a roller and a brush wheel.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, when the cable is wound by the winch, it will drive the cable clamping pulley to rotate, and then drive the cleaning pulley to rotate through the action of the gear set, so as to clean the cable and remove water plants and other debris that adhere to the cable underwater, ensuring smooth winding and subsequent unwinding operations and reducing maintenance costs.

[0031] Secondly, this application provides a method for wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, employing the following technical solution:

[0032] A method for wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, employing any one of the wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration systems described above, comprising:

[0033] Step 1: On-site survey and design. Based on the actual conditions of the wetland, conduct an on-site survey to delineate the locations of the surface flow zone, transition zone, and vertical subsurface flow zone.

[0034] Step 2: Construction layout. Within the area defined in Step 1, the surface flow zone, transition zone, and vertical subsurface flow zone will be constructed and laid out.

[0035] Step 3: Planting and Initial Monitoring: Plant aquatic plants according to the design configuration, monitor initial water quality and ecological changes, and adjust and optimize the arrangement and / or planting of aquatic plants in the surface flow zone, transition zone and vertical subsurface flow zone.

[0036] Step 4: Continuous monitoring and maintenance: After the system is in operation, continuously monitor water quality, plant growth and ecological conditions, and adjust plant configuration regularly.

[0037] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solutions and utilizing systematic design, construction, and management, not only can the water environment quality of wetlands be effectively restored and improved, but the comprehensive restoration of wetland ecosystems can also be promoted. Specifically, through the scientific layout of surface flow zones, transition zones, and vertical subsurface flow zones, as water flows through different areas, plant roots, substrates, and microbial communities can effectively adsorb, filter, and degrade pollutants such as nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus), organic matter, and heavy metals in the water, significantly improving water quality and reducing eutrophication. Rationally configured aquatic plants not only purify water but also provide abundant habitats and food sources for waterbirds, insects, and fish, promoting biodiversity in wetland ecosystems and enhancing ecosystem stability and self-recovery capabilities. Continuous monitoring and maintenance ensure the long-term effectiveness of the restoration system. Adjusting plant configuration and management strategies through data feedback enables precise management of wetland ecological restoration, ensuring the sustainability and optimization of restoration results and laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of water ecological restoration.

[0038] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] By setting up three closely connected sections—surface flow zone, transition zone, and vertical subsurface flow zone—a vertical subsurface flow wetland water ecological restoration system based on artificial and natural intervention is formed. This achieves the effect of efficiently purifying water quality, restoring and enhancing the ecological functions of wetlands, effectively reducing the impact of natural environmental changes on water ecological restoration. The overall layout is scientific, and through modular design and active regulation, it ensures the high efficiency of water treatment and the sustainability of ecological restoration.

[0040] By utilizing the adaptability and dynamic adjustment capabilities of the adjustable ecological floating island, the plants planted on the plant tray module can be selected according to water purification needs and ecological adaptability. For example, they can be replaced or added or removed according to water quality changes and seasonal changes to cope with the seasonal changes in wetland water conditions, water quality fluctuations, and natural processes such as biological community succession. At the same time, it meets the water purification and ecological restoration needs of different time periods or special circumstances, and achieves the best purification effect and ecological benefits.

[0041] The restoration method adopted in this application, through systematic design, construction and management, can not only effectively restore and improve the water environment quality of wetlands, but also promote the comprehensive restoration of wetland ecosystems. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the wetland water ecosystem restoration system in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable ecological floating island from the first perspective in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable ecological floating island from the second perspective in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0045] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the junction of the simulated river channel and the sluice gate in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a process flow diagram of the wetland water ecological restoration method in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0048] Reference numerals: 1. Surface flow zone; 11. Floating frame; 12. Plant tray module; 121. Rotating plate buckle; 13. Height adjustment mechanism; 131. Positioning anchor; 1311. Cable ring; 132. Winch; 133. Cable cleaning assembly; 1331. Bracket; 1332. Roller; 1333. Brush wheel; 1334. Gear set; 1335. Mounting plate; 2. Vertical subsurface flow zone; 3. Transition zone; 31. Gate; 32. Flow guiding assembly; 321. Flow guiding plate; 322. Drive component. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail. Example

[0050] Embodiment 1 of this application discloses a wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system, referring to... Figure 1 The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system consists of three main parts: a surface runoff zone 1, a vertical subsurface runoff zone 2, and a transition zone 3 connecting the two. The surface runoff zone 1 is located at the front end of the wetland, followed by the transition zone 3, and finally the vertical subsurface runoff zone 2. These zones are arranged from high to low according to the terrain. This design facilitates the gradual entry of water from the surface runoff zone 1 into the initial treatment area, and then through the transition zone 3 into the vertical subsurface runoff zone 2 for deeper purification. Specifically:

[0051] As the front end of the wetland water ecological restoration system, the surface runoff area 1 is preferably about 20% of the total area of ​​the restoration system. A meandering simulated river channel is set up in the surface runoff area 1 to simulate the natural river environment. Aquatic plants such as reeds, cattails, and canna lilies are planted in the simulated river channel to create rich biodiversity.

[0052] The simulated river channel, with its natural meandering design, allows for slow water flow, increasing the surface area of ​​the water in contact with air and enhancing the efficiency of plant photosynthesis. The water depth is controlled at 0.3-0.5 meters to facilitate root expansion. The naturally flowing water promotes photosynthesis and improves plant growth efficiency. Furthermore, adding organic matter and sandy soil to the surface soil of surface flow zone 1 can further promote root development.

[0053] In terms of plant configuration, aquatic plants such as reeds, cattails, and canna lilies are configured according to the needs of water purification and ecological diversity enhancement. The plant density is controlled within a reasonable range to promote light penetration and root development. In addition, seasonal plant rotation can be considered in the preferred embodiment to enhance the year-round purification capacity.

[0054] Vertical subsurface flow zone 2 serves as the core of the treatment process, ideally occupying approximately 75% of the total area of ​​the remediation system. A geomembrane is laid at the bottom of vertical subsurface flow zone 2, and a packing bed is formed by filling the geomembrane with sand, gravel, or other fillers. The surface height of the packing bed must be lower than that of surface flow zone 1. Shade-tolerant aquatic plants are planted on the packing bed. Water flowing into vertical subsurface flow zone 2 moves from top to bottom, effectively removing pollutants through the packing layer, plant roots, and the action of microorganisms within the packing bed.

[0055] The transition zone 3 is located between the surface flow zone 1 and the vertical subsurface flow zone 2. Multiple sets of gates 31 are installed in the transition zone 3. Each gate 31 connects to a simulated river channel at one end and leads to the filler bed at the other end. The connection points of each gate 31 to the simulated river channel and its connection to the filler bed are staggered to ensure full connection between the surface flow zone 1 and the vertical subsurface flow zone 2. Each gate 31 is equipped with a flow guiding component 32 for adjusting the flow direction and velocity.

[0056] In this embodiment, specifically, adjustable ecological floating islands are also set up in the simulated river channel within the surface flow zone 1, as shown in the following example. Figure 2-4 The adjustable ecological floating island includes a floating frame 11 with multiple mounting positions, a plant tray module 12 that can be detachably installed on the mounting positions of the floating frame 11, and a height adjustment mechanism 13 for adjusting the height of the floating frame 11.

[0057] The floating frame 11 is made of lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly materials (such as polymer foam, bamboo, or special plastics) to ensure the stability and buoyancy of the floating island while ensuring it is harmless to the water. The size and shape of the floating frame 11, as well as the number of installation positions, can be flexibly customized according to the water area, water depth, and water flow conditions.

[0058] The plant tray module 12 is rotatably connected to rotating plate buckles 121 on both its upper and lower sides. After being installed in the mounting position on the floating frame 11, the rotating plate buckles 121 are rotated to engage with the floating frame 11. The plants planted on the plant tray module 12 are selected according to water purification needs and ecological adaptability, such as reeds, canna lilies, and water lilies. These plant modules can be replaced or added or removed according to changes in water quality and seasons to achieve the best purification effect and ecological benefits.

[0059] The height adjustment mechanism 13 allows the plant layer height to be adjusted vertically according to seasonal water level changes or specific purification targets, ensuring that the plant roots are always at the optimal underwater depth to promote their growth and pollutant absorption. Specifically, the height adjustment mechanism 13 includes: a positioning anchor 131 fixed to the simulated riverbed and a winch 132 fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the floating frame 11. A cable loop 1311 is installed on the top wall of the positioning anchor 131. The end of the winch 132 cable passes around the cable loop 1311 and is fixed to the side of the floating frame 11 away from the cable loop 1311. The motor of the winch 132 is an underwater motor, but a waterproof ordinary motor can also be used. Furthermore, to reduce the maintenance cost of the height adjustment mechanism 13, a cable cleaning assembly 133 is also provided. The cable cleaning assembly 133 includes a bracket 1331 fixed to the bottom of the floating frame 11. The bracket 1331 spans the winch 132 roller. In fact, in this embodiment, the winch 132 is also installed at the bottom of the floating frame 11 via the bracket 1331. A mounting plate 1335 is mounted on the bracket 1331. A line clamping wheel, a cleaning wheel, and a gear set 1334 are rotatably connected to the mounting plate 1335. The line clamping wheel includes two rollers 1332, which are opposite to each other. The cleaning rollers 1332 are positioned on both sides of the winch 132 cable, clamping the cable in the middle so that its movement drives the two rollers 1332 to rotate. The cleaning rollers include two brush wheels 1333, positioned on the side of the clamping rollers away from the support 1331. The two brush wheels 1333 are positioned opposite each other on both sides of the winch 132 cable, corresponding to the rollers 1332, with the brush bristles of the brush wheels intersecting the cable's rotation trajectory. Two gear sets 1334 are provided, each including two gears coaxially connected to and meshing with one roller 1332 and one brush wheel 1333. Thus, when the winch 132 cable is wound up, it drives the rollers 1332 to rotate, which in turn drives the corresponding brush wheels 1333 to rotate via the gear sets 1334, cleaning the cable.

[0060] For transition zone 3, refer to Figure 5The flow guiding component 32 specifically includes a flow guiding plate 321 and a driving component 322. The flow guiding plate 321 is rotatably connected to the inlet of the gate 31 via a rotating shaft, i.e., the junction of the gate 31 and the simulated river. The driving component 322 is a geared motor. The output shaft of the geared motor is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft of the flow guiding plate 321 so that the geared motor can drive the flow guiding plate 321 to rotate, thereby adjusting the direction and speed of the water flow at the inlet of the gate 31.

[0061] For the vertical subsurface flow zone 2, to facilitate water discharge and circulation, permeable pipes are laid horizontally at intervals on the side of the packing bed near the geomembrane. These permeable pipes are all connected to the main permeable pipe. The main permeable pipe has two outlet pipes at its outlet end. One outlet pipe is equipped with a pump station and leads to the inlet of the surface flow zone 1, while the other leads to other areas with higher humidity. In a preferred embodiment, the vertical subsurface flow zone 2 can also be equipped with a microporous aeration system that automatically adjusts the aeration rate according to the dissolved oxygen concentration to ensure sufficient oxygen within the packing layer.

[0062] In addition, the wetland water ecological restoration system also includes an intelligent control mechanism, which includes sensors deployed at multiple locations within the surface flow zone 1, transition zone 3, and vertical subsurface flow zone 2. The sensors include water level sensors and water quality sensors. In a preferred embodiment, the sensors also include wind speed sensors, temperature sensors, etc. The system also includes a controller electrically connected to the sensors. The controller is connected to each sensor, pump station, drive unit 322, and winch 132, enabling the controller to automatically and intelligently control the pump station, drive unit 322, and winch 132 based on the data fed back from the sensors, automatically adjust the restoration strategy, achieve precise control of the wetland restoration process, and improve restoration efficiency and effectiveness.

[0063] Overall, the entire wetland restoration system is divided into three closely connected parts: surface flow zone 1, transition zone 3, and vertical subsurface flow zone 2. Surface flow zone 1 simulates a natural river environment, is rich in aquatic vegetation, and promotes photosynthesis and biodiversity. Transition zone 3 uses adjustable guide vanes 321 to flexibly control the direction and flow rate of water, ensuring that the water is effectively pretreated before entering the highly efficient vertical subsurface flow zone 2. Vertical subsurface flow zone 2 uses a filler layer as its core to achieve deep removal of pollutants. Furthermore, through intelligent adjustment and modular layout, comprehensive restoration of the wetland's aquatic ecosystem is achieved. Example

[0064] Embodiment 2 of this application discloses a method for wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, corresponding to the wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system disclosed in Embodiment 1. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration method includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: On-site survey and design. Based on the actual conditions of the wetland, conduct an on-site survey and delineate the locations of surface flow zone 1, transition zone 3, and vertical subsurface flow zone 2.

[0066] Step 2: Construction layout. Within the area defined in Step 1, the surface flow zone 1, transition zone 3, and vertical subsurface flow zone 2 are constructed and laid out. Conventional and main facilities are installed. The installation of main facilities includes: fabricating plant tray modules 12 and floating island frames according to the design plan; installing intelligent adjustment devices to ensure that the floating island structure is stable and easy to adjust; and installing and debugging sensors and controllers to ensure accurate data acquisition and rapid command execution.

[0067] Step 3: Planting and Initial Monitoring: Plant aquatic plants according to the design configuration, monitor initial water quality and ecological changes, and adjust and optimize the arrangement and planting of aquatic plants in surface flow zone 1, transition zone 3 and vertical subsurface flow zone 2.

[0068] Step 4: Continuous monitoring and maintenance: After the system is in operation, continuously monitor water quality, plant growth and ecological conditions, and adjust plant configuration regularly.

[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system, characterized in that, It includes a surface flow zone (1), a vertical underflow zone (2), and a transition zone (3) connecting the surface flow zone (1) and the vertical underflow zone (2); The surface flow area (1) is provided with a simulated river channel, in which aquatic plants are planted; the surface flow area (1) is also provided with an adjustable ecological floating island, which includes a floating frame (11), a plant tray module (12) detachably installed on the floating frame (11), and a height adjustment mechanism (13) for adjusting the floating height of the floating frame (11); A packing bed is provided in the vertical subsurface flow zone (2). The surface height of the packing bed is lower than that of the surface flow zone (1). Shade-tolerant aquatic plants are planted on the packing bed. An impermeable membrane is laid under the packing bed. Permeable water pipes are laid horizontally at intervals on the side of the packing bed near the impermeable membrane. The permeable water pipes are connected to the permeable main pipe. At least two outlet pipes are provided at the outlet end of the permeable main pipe. One of the outlet pipes is equipped with a pump station and leads to the inlet end of the surface flow zone (1). The transition zone (3) is located between the surface flow zone (1) and the vertical subsurface flow zone (2). The transition zone (3) is provided with multiple sets of gates (31). One end of each gate (31) is connected to the simulated river channel, and the other end leads to the filler bed. The connection between the gate (31) and the simulated river channel and the position leading to the filler bed are staggered. Each gate (31) is provided with a flow guiding component (32) for adjusting the flow direction and velocity of the water. The wetland water ecological restoration system also includes an intelligent control mechanism, which includes sensors installed in the surface flow zone (1), transition zone (3) and vertical subsurface flow zone (2), and a controller electrically connected to the sensors. The sensors include a water level sensor and a water quality sensor. The controller is connected to the pump station, the flow guiding component (32) and the height adjustment mechanism (13).

2. The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding component (32) includes a flow guiding plate (321) and a driving component (322). The flow guiding plate (321) is rotatably connected to the inlet of the gate (31). The driving component (322) is used to drive the flow guiding plate (321) to rotate to adjust the direction and speed of the water flowing through the inlet of the gate (31). The driving component (322) is connected to the controller.

3. The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height adjustment mechanism (13) includes: A positioning anchor (131) is fixed to the bottom of a simulated river channel, and a threading ring (1311) is installed on the positioning anchor (131). A winch (132) is fixed to one side of the bottom of the floating frame (11). The cable of the winch (132) is wrapped around the wire loop (1311) and fixed to the side of the floating frame (11) away from the wire loop (1311). The motor of the winch (132) is waterproofed or is an underwater motor.

4. The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The height adjustment mechanism (13) further includes a cable cleaning assembly (133), which includes: A bracket (1331) is fixed to the bottom of the floating frame (11) and spans across the winch (132) roller; The cable clamping pulley includes two rollers (1332) rotatably connected to the bracket (1331). The two rollers (1332) are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the winch (132) cable. The movement of the cable drives the two rollers (1332) to rotate. The cleaning rollers are located on the side of the clamping rollers away from the bracket (1331), and include two brush rollers (1333) rotatably connected to the bracket (1331). The two brush rollers (1333) are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the winch (132) cable, and the rotation trajectory of the brush bristles of the brush rollers (1333) intersects the cable. The gear set (1334) is provided in two sets, each set of the gear set (1334) includes two gears that are coaxially connected to and mesh with a roller (1332) and a brush wheel (1333).

5. A method for wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration, characterized in that, The wetland aquatic ecosystem restoration system according to any one of claims 1-4 includes: Step 1: On-site survey and design. Based on the actual conditions of the wetland, conduct an on-site survey and delineate the locations of the surface flow zone (1), transition zone (3), and vertical subsurface flow zone (2). Step 2: Construction layout. Within the area defined in Step 1, the surface flow zone (1), transition zone (3), and vertical subsurface flow zone (2) are constructed and laid out. Step 3: Planting and initial monitoring: Plant aquatic plants according to the design configuration, monitor initial water quality and ecological changes, and adjust and optimize the arrangement and / or planting of aquatic plants in the surface flow zone (1), transition zone (3) and vertical subsurface flow zone (2); Step 4: Continuous monitoring and maintenance: After the system is in operation, continuously monitor water quality, plant growth and ecological conditions, and adjust plant configuration regularly.

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