A hard slope surface green covering system based on the absence of natural growth conditions of plants

Abstract

This invention discloses a greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions. The plant growth section includes, from bottom to top, a water-absorbing and storing layer, a plant growth layer, and a covering layer. The plant growth layer includes a growth substrate and plant seeds within it. The covering layer has a porous structure allowing plants to pass through. Multiple coverings are connected and correspondingly press the plant growth section firmly onto the hard slope. Locking elements extend through the coverings into the hard slope. In this invention, the roots of the plants within the plant growth layer are confined between the water-absorbing and storing layer and the covering layer, ensuring plant stability. The water-absorbing and storing layer provides moisture to the plant growth layer, ensuring normal plant growth and the long-term effectiveness of the greening system on the hard slope. The water-absorbing and storing layer has a compressive resilience to support the plant growth layer and the covering layer, and, combined with the downward pressure of the coverings, ensures the stability of the greening system on the hard slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope treatment technology, and in particular to a greening system for hard slopes that do not have natural plant growth conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Existing slope greening structures are more suitable for soft slopes with soil matrix, where vegetation can be planted to achieve greening and soil and water conservation. However, during the construction of highways, railways, mines, and other projects, there are often many steep, exposed rock slopes, i.e., hard slopes. On such hard slopes, conventional slope protection methods will encounter problems such as difficulties in vegetation construction, difficulty in preserving matrix nutrients, and poor long-term revegetation effects.

[0003] In existing technologies, such as the plant-based slope protection structure and its construction method for treating highly sloping slopes disclosed in application number 202211360232.9, horizontal and longitudinal water channels are excavated at the designed location on the slope, and turf is laid in the channels. Then, external anchors are driven into the designed depth, and internal anchors are driven into the inner anchors. An expanding agent solution is poured into the gap between the inner and outer anchors. After the expanding agent reacts and solidifies, expanded clay pellets are placed at the bottom of the inner anchors, and the plants and storage devices are placed into the inner anchors. Nutrient solution is then added to the storage devices. This technology solves the slope protection problem on hard slopes, but it requires slope modification, and the planting process is relatively complex, making the installation of the entire slope protection structure more complicated and difficult to construct. Furthermore, the design of structures such as water collection hoppers for irrigating the plants is also more complex. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions. The roots of plants within the plant growth layer are confined between the water-absorbing and water-storing layer and the cover layer, ensuring plant stability. The water-absorbing and water-storing layer continuously provides water to the plant growth layer to ensure normal plant growth, thus guaranteeing the long-term effectiveness of the greening system on hard slopes. The water-absorbing and water-storing layer supports the plant growth layer and the cover layer under compression and rebound, and the downward pressure of the cover ensures the stability of the greening system on the hard slope.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions, comprising a covering component, a plant growth section, and a locking component. The plant growth section includes at least a water-absorbing and storing layer, a plant growth layer, and a covering layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The plant growth layer includes a growth substrate and plant seeds dispersed within the growth substrate. The covering layer has a porous structure that allows plants to pass through upwards. The covering component has at least one through hole that allows plants to pass through upwards. Multiple covering components are connected and respectively press multiple plant growth sections onto the hard slope. The locking component passes through the covering component and extends into the hard slope.

[0006] As a further optimization, the thickness of the cover layer in the non-compression state is h1, where 0 ≤ h1 ≤ 30 cm.

[0007] As a further optimization, the porosity of the cover layer is P1, where 5ppi ≤ P1 ≤ 40ppi.

[0008] As a further optimization, the growth substrate includes at least nutrient soil, coconut coir, and biodegradable adhesive.

[0009] As a further optimization, the water-absorbing and water-storing layer is an elastic layer and is in a compressed state.

[0010] As a further optimization, the water-absorbing and water-storing layer is a sponge.

[0011] As a further optimization, the thickness of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer in the uncompressible state is h2, where 1cm≤h2≤20cm.

[0012] As a further optimization, the porosity of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer is P2, where P2 ≥ 30 ppi.

[0013] As a further optimization, the plant growth section also includes a limiting member, which wraps around the outside of the water-absorbing and storing layer, the plant growth layer and the covering layer to form the plant growth section into an integral structure.

[0014] As a further optimization, the cover includes at least a surface layer and a locking portion, with a plurality of locking portions disposed on the sidewall of the surface layer to position adjacent surface layers, and the locking member passing through the locking portion.

[0015] As a further optimization, the locking portions on an adjacent pair of the surface layers for positioning each other are located at different heights, and the locking portions are provided with a positioning mechanism that can be used to cooperate with the locking portions that are adjacent to them in the vertical direction.

[0016] As a further optimization, the positioning mechanism consists of a positioning protrusion on one locking part and a positioning groove on the other locking part.

[0017] As a further optimization, one of the multiple locking parts through which the same locking element passes has a ring-shaped closed structure for positioning the locking element.

[0018] As a further optimization, the horizontal cross-section of the surface layer has a square outer frame structure, and each corner has a locking part.

[0019] As a further optimization, the cover also includes a positioning structure for fixing the plant growth portion onto the surface layer.

[0020] As a further optimization, the positioning structure includes multiple positioning rods, which are disposed on the periphery of the surface layer and are in interference contact with the plant growth section.

[0021] As a further optimization, the positioning structure includes at least one positioning rod, which is disposed at the lower end of the surface layer and extends into the plant growth section and abuts against the plant growth section.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The plant growth section is fixed to the hard slope by the covering and locking components. It includes a water-absorbing and storing layer, a plant growth layer and a covering layer arranged in sequence. After the plant seeds in the plant growth layer germinate and grow, their branches and vines can pass through the covering layer and the covering components to form a greening system on the hard slope. The roots of the plants are stably located in the plant growth section due to the limiting effect of the water-absorbing and storing layer and the covering layer, which ensures the stability of the plants and the long-term effectiveness of the greening system.

[0024] 2. The water-absorbing and water-storing layer has the functions of water absorption and storage, and it has a two-way regulation function. It can regulate the water content between itself and the plant growth layer. When the water content of the plant growth layer is low, the water-absorbing and water-storing layer supplies the water it stores to the plant growth layer to ensure the normal growth of the plants, thereby ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the greening system.

[0025] 3. The water-absorbing and water-storing layer can be an elastic layer, which is compressed and then pressed against the hard slope. On the one hand, the degree of compression is more adaptable to the surface condition of the hard slope, and on the other hand, the rebound effect after compression supports the plant growth layer and the cover layer, and the downward pressure of the cover ensures the stability of the greening system. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention covering a hard slope.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the plant growth section of the present invention after the plant has grown.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the plant growth section of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of one embodiment of the cover of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the cover of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of the cover of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions includes a cover 10, plant growth sections 20, and a locking member 30. The plant growth section 20 includes at least a water-absorbing and storing layer 21, a plant growth layer 22, and a cover layer 23 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The plant growth layer 22 includes a growth substrate and plant seeds dispersed within the growth substrate. The cover layer 23 has a porous structure that allows plants to pass through upwards. The cover 10 has at least one through hole 100 that allows plants to pass through upwards. Multiple cover sections 10 are connected and correspondingly press multiple plant growth sections 20 onto the hard slope. The locking member 30 can be an anchor rod that passes through the cover section 10 and extends into the hard slope to fix the cover section 10 and the plant growth section 20 onto the hard slope.

[0035] In this invention, one covering element 10 corresponds to one plant growth part 20 as a module. Multiple such modules are spliced ​​on a hard slope and fixed to the hard slope by locking elements 30 passing through at least the covering element 10. The covering element 10 presses down on the plant growth part 20 to abut against the hard surface, thus fixing the entire greening system. Since plant seeds are dispersed in the plant growth layer 22 of the plant growth part 20, and the plant seeds are located in the growth substrate, they germinate and grow under the action of water that can penetrate into the growth substrate and the synergistic effect of nutrients provided by the growth substrate. Their roots extend in the growth substrate, fixing the roots in the growth substrate. The vines that grow can pass upward through the covering layer 23 and extend out of the through holes 100 on the covering element 10, thus forming a module with greening function. Multiple such modules form a greening system on the hard slope. Moreover, by placing the plant growth layer 22 between the water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21 and the covering layer 23, the present invention can effectively fix the plant roots in the middle position of the plant growth part 20, and the plant roots will not move down or up and detach. Therefore, the entire greening system (plant) has good stability and can have a long-lasting greening effect.

[0036] The covering layer 23 in this invention has a porous structure. While allowing plant branches to extend, it also has a sediment-collecting function, which can accommodate or deposit fallen dead branches, fallen leaves, humus, and even dust particles. When the above substances fall on it or enter its internal porous structure, they form a new nutrient base layer. When plant seeds fall into it, they take root and germinate to produce a new plant layer, which can further improve the greening effect.

[0037] The water-absorbing and storing layer 21 in this invention, while preventing the roots of seeds from detaching from the plant growth layer 20, also has water absorption and storage functions. When the water content in the plant growth layer 22 decreases, and the water in the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 cannot penetrate into the hard slope, the water in the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 will permeate to one side of the plant growth layer 22, thus maintaining the water content within the plant growth layer 22. This ensures normal plant growth and maintains the necessary water, guaranteeing the long-term effectiveness of the greening system. Therefore, the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 exists as a regulating layer. When a large amount of water enters the plant growth layer 22, the water can continue to permeate downwards into the water-absorbing and storing layer and be stored. When the water content in the plant growth layer 22 is low, the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 can supply water back to the plant growth layer. There are two ways to obtain water for the water-absorbing and storing layer 21. One is through rainwater. After rainwater falls into the through hole 100, it can infiltrate into the covering layer 23, the plant growth layer 22, and then into the water-absorbing and storing layer 21, where it is retained. The other is through irrigation. Water can be supplied to the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 of the greening system by connecting a water source. For example, one or more water-absorbing and storing layers located at the top of the hard slope can be used as the target for irrigation. When the water in one water-absorbing and storing layer is saturated, it will seep into the adjacent water-absorbing and storing layer. After appropriate saturation irrigation, each water-absorbing and storing layer 21 in the greening system can have sufficient water.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to allow plant vines to pass through the covering layer 23, the thickness of the covering layer 23 is set to h1, where 0 ≤ h1 ≤ 30 cm. Within this thickness, plants can pass through upwards. In addition, the porosity of the covering layer 23 is set to P1, which is measured in ppi (the number of holes per square inch). In this embodiment, 5 ppi ≤ P1 ≤ 40 ppi. Within this porosity, sunlight can penetrate and plant vines can pass through upwards. Moreover, within this porosity, it is conducive to achieving the function of silt removal.

[0039] More specifically, the growth substrate within the plant growth layer 22 includes at least nutrient soil, coconut coir, and biodegradable adhesive (environmentally friendly, such as plant-based biodegradable adhesive). These components are mixed in a specific ratio, and plant seeds are dispersed within this mixture to form a unified structure (the biodegradable adhesive acts as a bond and connector between the components). This facilitates the connection between the plant growth layer 22 as a whole structure and the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 and the covering layer 23. Furthermore, the biodegradable adhesive also serves to bond the water-absorbing and storing layer 21 and the covering layer 23. Although the biodegradable adhesive binds the components within the plant growth layer 22 and will continuously degrade and become ineffective, the roots (developed root systems) of the plant seeds, after germination and growth, are already distributed within the plant growth layer 22, ensuring the fixation of the components and providing excellent soil stabilization.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21, in addition to having water absorption and storage functions, is made of a material with elastic properties and is compressed against the hard slope surface. Its elastic function has two aspects: firstly, when the hard slope surface is uneven, the elastic compression of multiple water-absorbing and water-storing layers 21 with different intensities ensures the flatness of the outer surface of the entire greening system, resulting in a better aesthetic effect; secondly, the rebound effect of the compressed water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21 supports the plant growth layer 22 and the covering layer 23, and, in conjunction with the downward pressure of the locking member 30 and the covering member 10, ensures that the entire plant growth section 20 is stably placed between the hard slope surface and the covering member 10, guaranteeing the stability of the entire greening system. Preferably, the water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21 can be selected as a sponge.

[0041] The thickness of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21 in the uncompressed state is 1cm≤h2≤20cm, and the porosity is P2≥30ppi. This ensures water absorption while providing elastic support for the plant growth layer 22 and the covering layer 23 after compression.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth section 20 further includes a limiting member 24. The limiting member 24 wraps around the outside of the water-absorbing and storing layer 21, the plant growth layer 22 and the covering layer 23 to form the plant growth section 20 into an integral structure. When the plant growth section 20 is transported, installed on the covering member 10, or installed together with the covering member 10 on a hard slope, its integrity is maintained, and the water-absorbing and storing layer 21, the plant growth layer 22 and the covering layer 23 are prevented from separating and falling apart.

[0043] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, the cover 10 of the present invention includes at least a surface layer 11 and a locking part 12. A plurality of locking parts 12 are disposed on the side wall of the surface layer 11 for positioning adjacent surface layers 11. A locking member 30 passes through the locking part 12. The mutual cooperation between the locking parts 12 on different surface layers 11 can ensure the accurate relative position between the surface layers. The locking member 30 passes through the locking hole 120 formed by the plurality of locking parts 12 (stacked in sequence). The locking part 12 is fixed by the cooperation between the locking hole 120 and the locking member 30.

[0044] Furthermore, the locking portions 12 on adjacent face layers 11 for positioning each other are located at different heights. That is, the locking portions 12 on multiple face layers that are close to each other for positioning are arranged vertically. This reduces the space occupied by the locking portions in the lateral direction after assembly, thereby reducing the gap between face layers. This allows multiple face layers to be as close to each other as possible to form a greening system. Since the locking portions 12 are located at different heights, the face layer 11 needs to have an extension rod 111 to form the locking portions thereon. Moreover, a positioning mechanism can be provided on the locking portion 12 for cooperating with the vertically adjacent locking portion 12. The positioning mechanism consists of a positioning protrusion 122 on one locking portion and a positioning groove 121 on another locking portion. The positioning and installation between a pair of adjacent locking portions is achieved by the positioning protrusion 122 being embedded in the positioning groove 121. In a greening system, multiple surface layers are arranged adjacently, and multiple locking parts are located on the side of each other on the multiple surface layers. Thus, the locking part at the top can have a positioning protrusion 122 only at its lower end, the locking part at the bottom can have a positioning groove 121 only at its upper end, and the locking part in the middle needs to have a positioning groove at its upper end and a positioning protrusion at its lower end.

[0045] More preferably, among the multiple locking portions through which the same locking member 30 passes, one is provided with an enclosing structure to form a wrapping locking portion 12', which is used to position the locking member 30 and the initially installed cover 10, while the remaining locking portions have open structures, such as... Figure 7 As shown, specifically: among the multiple locking parts on a surface layer 11, the locking part at the lowest position is set as the wrapping locking part 12'. During installation, the cover is first positioned and fixed to the hard slope by the locking member 30 passing through its wrapping locking part 12'. In this way, the cover 10, its plant growth part 20, and the locking member 30 are fixed together on the hard slope. When installing an adjacent cover, the locking part 12 with an open structure on the other cover can be moved laterally to lock the locking member 30. Then, the other cover is moved towards the hard slope along the direction of the locking member 30 and its locking part 12 abuts against the wrapping locking part 12'. The positioning protrusion 122 and the positioning groove 121 cooperate to achieve nesting, which can prevent the two adjacent covers 10 from separating. Figure 7For ease of demonstration, only the installation process of additional covers not adjacent to the initially installed cover is shown. The actual installation process involves using the initially installed cover as a reference, with the additional covers installed sequentially according to the height of the locking mechanism. It should be noted that after all adjacent covers are installed, the position of the locking mechanism can be adjusted so that it can press the covers firmly against the hard slope surface. Through the above setup and installation method, the covers are installed one by one, and after installation, they are fixed by the locking mechanism 30 and the positioning mechanism (positioning groove 121 and positioning protrusion 122), ensuring the orderly and stable installation.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal cross-section of the surface layer 10 has a square frame structure, for example, a square frame structure. Each corner of the surface layer has a locking part 12. Since the four adjacent surface layers cooperate to form part of the greening system, four locking parts are formed in the vertical direction and positioned in a mutually perpendicular manner at positions close to each other on the four adjacent surface layers. The positioning mechanism ensures that each part is accurately positioned. According to the height position of the locking part 12, the corresponding covering parts are selected and placed in sequence, so that multiple covering parts 10 can be spliced ​​in an orderly and precise manner.

[0047] Furthermore, at least one of the locking parts can be provided with an enclosing structure to form a locking part 12', which can ensure that the position of the locking member 30 inserted therein is fixed.

[0048] The cover 10 may also include a positioning structure for fixing the plant growth part 20 to the surface layer 11, so that the cover 10 and the plant growth part 20 can form an integral structure to facilitate its transportation and installation. In one embodiment, the positioning structure may be a plurality of positioning rods 13 (or an extension rod 111 for setting the locking part 12). The plurality of positioning rods 13 are disposed on the periphery of the surface layer 11 and are in interference fit with the plant growth part 20 to lock the plant growth part 20. In another embodiment, the positioning structure may be a positioning rod disposed at the lower end of the surface layer (not shown in this embodiment). The positioning rod extends into the plant growth part 20 and is in interference fit with the plant growth part 20.

[0049] In addition, the lower end of the cover 10 needs to be higher than the lower end of the plant growth part 20 to avoid affecting the contact between the water-absorbing and water-storing layer 21 and the hard slope after the cover 10 comes into contact with the hard slope, so as to prevent the plant growth part 20 from being unable to be pressed firmly onto the hard slope.

[0050] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions, characterized in that, The device includes a cover, a plant growth section, and a locking element. The plant growth section comprises, from bottom to top, a water-absorbing and storing layer, a plant growth layer, and a cover layer, arranged in sequence. The plant growth layer includes a growth substrate and plant seeds dispersed within the growth substrate. The cover layer has a porous structure that allows plants to pass through upwards. The cover has at least one through-hole that allows plants to pass through upwards. Multiple cover sections are connected and correspondingly press multiple plant growth sections onto a hard slope. The locking element passes through the cover section and extends into the hard slope. The water-absorbing and storing layer is an elastic layer and is in a compressed state.

2. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the cover layer in the non-compression state is h1, where 0 ≤ h1 ≤ 30 cm.

3. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The porosity of the cover layer is P1, where 5ppi ≤ P1 ≤ 40ppi.

4. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The growth substrate includes at least nutrient soil, coconut coir, and biodegradable adhesive.

5. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-absorbing and water-storing layer is a sponge.

6. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer in the uncompressible state is h2, where 1cm≤h2≤20cm.

7. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The porosity of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer is P2, where P2 ≥ 30 ppi.

8. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant growth section also includes a limiting member, which wraps around the outside of the water-absorbing and water-storing layer, the plant growth layer and the covering layer to form the plant growth section into an integral structure.

9. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover includes at least a surface layer and a locking portion, with a plurality of locking portions disposed on the sidewall of the surface layer to position adjacent surface layers, and the locking member passing through the locking portion.

10. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 9, characterized in that, The locking portions on a pair of adjacent surface layers for positioning each other are located at different heights, and the locking portions are provided with positioning mechanisms that can be used to cooperate with the locking portions that are vertically adjacent to them.

11. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 10, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism consists of a positioning protrusion on one locking part and a positioning groove on the other locking part.

12. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 11, characterized in that, Among the multiple locking parts through which the same locking element passes, there is a ring-shaped closed structure used to position the locking element.

13. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that, The horizontal cross-section of the surface layer has a square outer frame structure, and each corner has a locking part.

14. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cover also includes a positioning structure for fixing the plant growth part to the surface layer.

15. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 14, characterized in that, The positioning structure includes multiple positioning rods, which are disposed on the periphery of the surface layer and are in interference contact with the plant growth section.

16. The greening system for hard slopes lacking natural plant growth conditions according to claim 14, characterized in that, The positioning structure includes at least one positioning rod, which is disposed at the lower end of the surface layer and extends into the plant growth section and is in interference contact with the plant growth section.

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