A method of electric field ablation of atherosclerotic plaque and an ablation catheter

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electric field ablation, and particularly discloses an electric field ablation method and an ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaque, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the lesion degree of a target stenosis site during coronary angiography, and judging whether the target animal needs to be focused on according to the distribution of all stenosis sites and the lesion degree of the stenosis sites; through the analysis of the lesion degree of the target stenosis site, the application is helpful for doctors to accurately diagnose the illness of patients, and is helpful for doctors to understand the severity of the lesion, so that a targeted treatment plan can be made; the analysis of the lesion degree of the stenosis site is also helpful for predicting the illness progress and prognosis of the patients; meanwhile, during the treatment process, the change of the lesion degree of the stenosis site is regularly evaluated, so that the treatment effect can be known; through the judgment of whether the target animal needs to be focused on, the animals with serious illness can be focused on, and the animals needing to be focused on are gathered, so that the resources can be most effectively utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric field ablation technology, specifically to an electric field ablation method and ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques. Background Technology

[0002] Atherosclerotic plaques are formed by the accumulation of lipids in the arteries, which damages the intima and deforms the arterial wall. These plaques are generally classified into two types: stable and unstable. Stable plaques have a thicker fibrous cap and a smaller lipid pool, and usually do not present with obvious clinical symptoms. Unstable plaques have a thinner fibrous cap and a larger lipid pool, making them more prone to rupture and potentially causing acute cardiovascular disease.

[0003] Chinese invention patent with publication number CN116763423A discloses an electric field ablation device for atherosclerotic plaques, including: an ablation catheter, which is connected to a voltage pulse generation system via a converter. Based on a pacing signal, a voltage pulse waveform is delivered during the refractory period of the cardiac cycle, and the pulse electric field energy is transferred to the ablated tissue through electrodes on the ablation catheter.

[0004] However, in traditional techniques, the assessment of the severity of lesions often relies on the experience and subjective judgment of doctors, lacking objectivity and accuracy. Furthermore, traditional techniques often treat all animals uniformly, ignoring the differences in the conditions of different animals and their individual needs, leading to unreasonable resource allocation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric field ablation method and ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned above.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, an electric field ablation method for atherosclerotic plaques includes: animal anesthesia, arterial channel establishment, catheter positioning, coronary angiography, coronary artery wall ablation treatment, complication observation, and postoperative evaluation;

[0008] The method involves analyzing the severity of lesions at the target stenosis site during coronary angiography, and determining whether the target animal requires special attention based on the distribution and severity of all stenosis sites.

[0009] Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites, analyze the distribution and parameters of all stenotic sites in the target animal, obtain the disease condition parameters, preset the disease condition parameter thresholds, compare and analyze the disease condition parameters with the disease condition parameter thresholds, and determine whether the target animal needs special attention.

[0010] If the disease condition parameters are less than the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is determined not to require special attention.

[0011] If the disease condition parameters are greater than or equal to the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is deemed to require close monitoring.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the method for obtaining the parameters of the narrowed portion is as follows:

[0013] The target narrow section is detected, the detection data of the target narrow section is obtained, and the narrow section parameters of the target narrow section are calculated based on the detection data;

[0014] The test data includes: luminance characterization value LD and uniformity characterization value JY;

[0015] The brightness characterization value LD and the uniformity characterization value JY are processed.

[0016] Through the formula: The parameters XZ of the narrow section are calculated, where, , These are preset scaling factors, and all are greater than 0.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the method further includes analyzing the degree of lesion at the target stenosis site based on parameters of the stenosis site, specifically as follows:

[0018] The preset threshold for the stenotic area parameter is XL. The stenotic area parameter XZ is compared and analyzed with the stenotic area parameter threshold XL to classify the stenotic area into severe stenotic areas and ordinary stenotic areas.

[0019] If the stenosis parameter XZ < the stenosis parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenosis is not high, that is, the target stenosis is judged to be a normal stenosis.

[0020] If the stenotic parameter XZ is greater than or equal to the stenotic parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenotic site is high, that is, the target stenotic site is determined to be a severe stenotic site.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention: the method for obtaining the detection data is as follows:

[0022] A1: The method for obtaining the brightness characterization value is as follows:

[0023] A11: Using image segmentation technology, obtain the contrast image of the target stenotic area after injection of contrast agent, and the histogram of the contrast image of the target stenotic area. The histogram shows the distribution of the number of pixels at each gray level in the contrast image of the target stenotic area.

[0024] A12: Based on the histogram of the angiographic image of the target narrow area, obtain the proportion of pixels at each gray level;

[0025] A13: Weighted summation of the proportions of all grayscale level pixels to obtain the brightness parameter. Calculate the difference between the brightness parameter and the preset brightness parameter to obtain the brightness deviation value. The ratio of the absolute value of the brightness deviation value to the brightness deviation threshold is the brightness characterization value LD.

[0026] A2: The method for obtaining the uniformity characterization value is as follows:

[0027] A21: Divide the angiographic image of the narrow part of the target area into multiple regions and obtain the brightness characterization value of each region.

[0028] A22: Calculate the mean value of the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas in the narrow part of the target to obtain the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area. Calculate the difference between the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas and the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area, and take the absolute value to obtain the absolute deviation value of each area. Add all the absolute deviation values ​​to obtain the total absolute deviation value. The ratio of the total absolute deviation value to the total absolute deviation value threshold is the uniformity characterization value JY.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: the method for obtaining the disease parameters is as follows:

[0030] Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites and establish a disease analysis diagram with XYZ as the three-dimensional coordinate system. The two-dimensional plane established by the XY axis is the whole-body contrast image of the target animal, and the Z axis is the stenosis parameters. The stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites are connected by a smooth surface, and the smooth surface used for connection is marked as the disease analysis surface. When the disease analysis surface passes through non-stenotic sites, it is represented as 0 on the Z axis.

[0031] Calculate the volume enclosed by the disease analysis surface and the XY plane to obtain the volume parameter. The ratio of the volume parameter to the volume parameter threshold is the disease parameter.

[0032] In a second aspect, an electric field ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques in any of the above-described electric field ablation methods is characterized by comprising:

[0033] The focus analysis module is used to analyze the lesion severity of target stenosis sites during coronary angiography, and to determine whether the target animal requires special attention based on the distribution of all stenosis sites and the severity of lesions in those sites. Specifically:

[0034] Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites, analyze the distribution and parameters of all stenotic sites in the target animal, obtain the disease condition parameters, preset the disease condition parameter thresholds, compare and analyze the disease condition parameters with the disease condition parameter thresholds, and determine whether the target animal needs special attention.

[0035] If the disease condition parameters are less than the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is determined not to require special attention.

[0036] If the disease condition parameters are greater than or equal to the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is deemed to require close monitoring.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] (1) By analyzing the degree of lesion in the target stenotic site, this invention helps doctors to accurately diagnose the patient's condition. At the same time, the assessment of the degree of lesion in the stenotic site can also help doctors understand the severity of the lesion and thus formulate a targeted treatment plan. The analysis of the degree of lesion in the stenotic site can also help predict the patient's disease progression and prognosis. In addition, during the treatment process, the regular assessment of the changes in the degree of lesion in the stenotic site can help understand the treatment effect.

[0039] (2) By determining whether the target animal needs special attention, this invention helps to focus on animals with serious illnesses, bring resources closer to animals that need special attention, and make the most effective use of resources, such as providing a more professional nursing team, thereby maximizing the treatment effect. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method for analyzing the degree of lesions in the stenotic region in this invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the method for determining whether a target animal needs special attention in this invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0046] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, an electric field ablation method for atherosclerotic plaques includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Perform basic anesthesia on the target animal and maintain respiratory anesthesia through endotracheal intubation to ensure the target animal is safe throughout the operation. After the anesthesia is stable, prepare the skin of the femoral artery area of ​​the target animal's hind limb. At the point where the femoral artery pulsation is strongest, establish an arterial channel using radial artery needle insertion technique. After inserting the guidewire and vascular sheath, administer heparin to prevent coagulation.

[0048] Step 2: Under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy and a guide wire, the guiding catheter is advanced to the middle of the ascending aorta and adjusted to the left main trunk. Contrast agent is injected to confirm the catheter position. Then, the position of the C-arm is adjusted to obtain a clear image of the left coronary artery. The stenotic sites of the coronary arteries are obtained through angiography, and the degree of lesion at the target stenotic site is analyzed. Based on the distribution of all stenotic sites and the degree of lesion at the stenotic sites, it is determined whether the target animal needs special attention.

[0049] Step 3: Under X-ray guidance, the coronary guidewire and ablation electrode catheter are inserted to the stenosis site. The ablation electrode is turned on to begin coronary artery wall ablation treatment. During the ablation process, the electric field strength and pulse number must be strictly controlled to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

[0050] Step 4: After ablation, carefully observe and record whether the target animal has complications such as air embolism, thrombosis, vascular access tearing or cardiac tamponade. After removing the catheter, check the puncture site for signs of bleeding or infection. Observe the target animal's vital signs, mental and behavioral status and activity after awakening in order to assess the surgical effect and the target animal's recovery.

[0051] The concept of this invention is as follows: accurate measurement of the degree of lesion at the narrowing site helps doctors to accurately diagnose the patient's condition. At the same time, the assessment of the degree of lesion at the narrowing site can also help doctors understand the severity of the lesion, thereby developing a targeted treatment plan. The analysis of the degree of lesion at the narrowing site can also help predict the patient's disease progression and prognosis. In addition, during the treatment process, regular assessment of changes in the degree of lesion at the narrowing site can help understand the treatment effect. Example 2:

[0052] Based on Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the electric field ablation method for atherosclerotic plaques further includes a specific method for analyzing the degree of lesion at the stenotic site:

[0053] The target stenotic site is detected, and the detection data of the target stenotic site is obtained. The stenotic site parameters of the target stenotic site are calculated based on the detection data. The degree of lesion of the target stenotic site is analyzed based on the stenotic site parameters, and the stenotic site is divided into severe stenotic sites and ordinary stenotic sites.

[0054] The detection data includes: brightness characterization value and uniformity characterization value;

[0055] Specifically, the method for obtaining the detection data is as follows:

[0056] A1: The luminance characterization value represents the relative difference in luminance characteristics between the target stenotic area and the normal area. A larger luminance characterization value indicates a greater luminance difference between the target stenotic area and the normal area; conversely, a smaller luminance characterization value indicates a smaller luminance difference. The luminance characterization value helps doctors or researchers assess the imaging effect of the stenotic area, determine the presence of abnormalities or lesions, and the severity of the lesions. It provides a more intuitive understanding of the pathological state of the stenotic area, offering valuable reference information for subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The method for obtaining the luminance characterization value is as follows:

[0057] A11: Using image segmentation technology, obtain the contrast image of the target stenotic area after injection of contrast agent, and the histogram of the contrast image of the target stenotic area. The histogram shows the distribution of the number of pixels at each gray level in the contrast image of the target stenotic area.

[0058] A12: Based on the histogram of the angiographic image of the target narrow area, obtain the proportion of pixels at each gray level;

[0059] A13: Weighted summation of the proportions of all grayscale level pixels to obtain the brightness parameter. Calculate the difference between the brightness parameter and the preset brightness parameter to obtain the brightness deviation value. The ratio of the absolute value of the brightness deviation value to the brightness deviation threshold is the brightness characterization value, and the brightness characterization value is marked as LD.

[0060] The weighting method is as follows: weighting is performed according to the value of the gray level itself, where the value of the gray level itself is an integer between 0 and 255, where 0 represents black and 255 represents white;

[0061] The preset brightness parameters are: the brightness parameters of normal areas;

[0062] A2: Atherosclerotic plaques are formed by the accumulation of lipids within arteries, creating lipid pools. This damages the intimal structure and deforms the arterial wall, affecting the distribution of contrast agent within the stenotic area. The uniformity characterization value represents the uniformity of brightness characteristics in different regions of the angiographic image of the target stenotic area. The smaller the uniformity characterization value, the more uniform the brightness distribution in that area. The method for obtaining the uniformity characterization value is as follows:

[0063] A21: Obtain the contrast image of the target stenotic area after injection of contrast agent, and divide the contrast image of the target stenotic area into multiple regions evenly using image segmentation technology, and obtain the brightness characterization value of each region.

[0064] It should be noted that the brightness characterization value of the area is obtained in the same way as the brightness characterization value of the entire narrow part of the target, and will not be repeated here;

[0065] A22: Calculate the mean value of the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas in the narrow part of the target to obtain the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area. Calculate the difference between the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas and the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area, and take the absolute value to obtain the absolute deviation value of each area. Add all the absolute deviation values ​​to obtain the total absolute deviation value. The ratio of the total absolute deviation value to the total absolute deviation value threshold is the uniformity characterization value, and the uniformity characterization value is marked as JY.

[0066] Specifically, the method for calculating the narrowing parameters of the target narrowing region using detection data is as follows:

[0067] The brightness characterization value LD and the uniformity characterization value JY are processed.

[0068] Through the formula: The parameters XZ of the narrow section are calculated, where, , These are preset scaling factors, and all are greater than 0;

[0069] Specifically, the method for analyzing the degree of lesion at the target stenosis site based on parameters of the stenosis site is as follows:

[0070] The preset threshold for the stenotic area parameter is XL. The stenotic area parameter XZ is compared and analyzed with the stenotic area parameter threshold XL to classify the stenotic area into severe stenotic areas and ordinary stenotic areas.

[0071] If the stenosis parameter XZ < the stenosis parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenosis is not high, that is, the target stenosis is judged to be a normal stenosis.

[0072] If the stenotic parameter XZ is greater than or equal to the stenotic parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenotic site is high, that is, the target stenotic site is determined to be a severe stenotic site. Example 3:

[0073] Based on Examples 1 and 2, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the electric field ablation method for atherosclerotic plaques further includes a specific method for determining whether the target animal needs special attention based on the distribution of all stenotic sites and the degree of lesion at the stenotic sites:

[0074] Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites, analyze the distribution and parameters of all stenotic sites in the target animal, obtain disease parameters, and thus determine whether the target animal needs special attention;

[0075] Specifically, the methods for obtaining the disease parameters are as follows:

[0076] Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites and establish a disease analysis diagram with XYZ as the three-dimensional coordinate system. The two-dimensional plane established by the XY axis is the whole-body contrast image of the target animal, and the Z axis is the stenosis parameters. The stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites are connected by a smooth surface, and the smooth surface used for connection is marked as the disease analysis surface. When the disease analysis surface passes through non-stenotic sites, it is represented as 0 on the Z axis.

[0077] Calculate the volume enclosed by the disease analysis surface and the XY plane to obtain the volume parameter. The ratio of the volume parameter to the volume parameter threshold is the disease parameter.

[0078] Specifically, the method for determining whether a target animal requires special attention is as follows:

[0079] Preset disease parameter thresholds and compare and analyze the disease parameters with the disease parameter thresholds;

[0080] If the disease condition parameter is less than the disease condition parameter threshold, it indicates that the target animal is in good condition and has a good prognosis, meaning that the target animal does not need special attention.

[0081] If the disease condition parameter is greater than or equal to the disease condition parameter threshold, it indicates that the target animal has a serious disease and a poor prognosis, and therefore the target animal needs to be given special attention.

[0082] The concept behind this invention is to determine whether a target animal requires special attention, which helps to focus attention on animals with severe illnesses, concentrate resources on animals that require special attention, and make the most effective use of resources, such as providing a more professional nursing team, thereby maximizing the treatment effect. Example 4:

[0083] Based on Examples 1, 2, and 3, please refer to Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, an electric field ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques includes:

[0084] The lesion severity analysis module is used to detect the target stenosis site, obtain the detection data of the target stenosis site, calculate the stenosis site parameters of the target stenosis site based on the detection data, and then analyze the lesion severity of the target stenosis site based on the stenosis site parameters, classifying the stenosis site into severe stenosis sites and ordinary stenosis sites.

[0085] The focus analysis module is used to analyze the lesion severity of target stenosis sites during coronary angiography and determine whether the target animal needs special attention based on the distribution of all stenosis sites and the lesion severity of the stenosis sites.

[0086] The above formulas are all derived from software simulations using a large amount of data, and are selected based on values ​​that are close to the actual values. The factors in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation; for example: Formula Multiple sets of detection data were collected by a person skilled in the art, and corresponding narrowing parameters were set for each set of detection data. The set narrowing parameters and the collected detection data were substituted into the formula, and any two formulas formed a system of two linear equations in two variables. The calculated factors were filtered and the average value was taken to obtain the result. , The values ​​are 3.47 and 2.23 respectively;

[0087] The factor size is a specific value obtained by quantifying each parameter to facilitate subsequent comparison. The size of the factor depends on the amount of detection data and the parameters of the narrow part that are initially set by those skilled in the art for each set of detection data. As long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantified value, such as the narrow part parameter being proportional to the value of the brightness characterization value.

[0088] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. An ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques, characterized in that, include: The focus analysis module is used to analyze the lesion severity of target stenosis sites during coronary angiography, and to determine whether the target animal requires special attention based on the distribution of all stenosis sites and the severity of lesions in those sites. The specific method is as follows: Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites, analyze the distribution and parameters of all stenotic sites in the target animal, obtain the disease condition parameters, preset the disease condition parameter thresholds, compare and analyze the disease condition parameters with the disease condition parameter thresholds, and determine whether the target animal needs special attention. If the disease condition parameters are less than the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is deemed not to require special attention. If the disease condition parameters are greater than or equal to the disease condition parameter threshold, then the target animal is deemed to require close monitoring. The method for obtaining the parameters of the narrow section is as follows: The target narrow section is detected, the detection data of the target narrow section is obtained, and the narrow section parameters of the target narrow section are calculated based on the detection data; The test data includes: luminance characterization value LD and uniformity characterization value JY; The brightness characterization value LD and the uniformity characterization value JY are processed. Through the formula: The parameters XZ of the narrow section are calculated, where, , These are preset scaling factors, and all are greater than 0; The method for obtaining the detection data is as follows: A1: The method for obtaining the brightness characterization value is as follows: A11: Using image segmentation technology, obtain the contrast image of the target stenotic area after injection of contrast agent, and the histogram of the contrast image of the target stenotic area. The histogram shows the distribution of the number of pixels at each gray level in the contrast image of the target stenotic area. A12: Based on the histogram of the angiographic image of the target narrow area, obtain the proportion of pixels at each gray level; A13: Weighted summation of the proportions of all grayscale level pixels to obtain the brightness parameter. Calculate the difference between the brightness parameter and the preset brightness parameter to obtain the brightness deviation value. The ratio of the absolute value of the brightness deviation value to the brightness deviation threshold is the brightness characterization value LD. A2: The method for obtaining the uniformity characterization value is as follows: A21: Divide the angiographic image of the narrow part of the target area into multiple regions and obtain the brightness characterization value of each region. A22: Calculate the mean value of the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas in the narrow part of the target to obtain the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area. Calculate the difference between the brightness characterization values ​​of all areas and the average value of the brightness characterization values ​​of the area, and take the absolute value to obtain the absolute deviation value of each area. Add all the absolute deviation values ​​to obtain the total absolute deviation value. The ratio of the total absolute deviation value to the total absolute deviation value threshold is the uniformity characterization value JY.

2. The ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes analyzing the degree of lesion at the target stenosis site based on parameters of the stenosis site. The specific method is as follows: The preset threshold for the stenotic area parameter is XL. The stenotic area parameter XZ is compared and analyzed with the stenotic area parameter threshold XL to classify the stenotic area into severe stenotic areas and ordinary stenotic areas. If the stenosis parameter XZ < the stenosis parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenosis is not high, that is, the target stenosis is judged to be a normal stenosis. If the stenosis parameter XZ is greater than or equal to the stenosis parameter threshold XL, it indicates that the lesion degree of the target stenosis is high, that is, the target stenosis is determined to be a severe stenosis.

3. The ablation catheter for atherosclerotic plaques according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the aforementioned disease parameters is as follows: Obtain the stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites and establish a disease analysis diagram with XYZ as the three-dimensional coordinate system. The two-dimensional plane established by the XY axis is the whole-body contrast image of the target animal, and the Z axis is the stenosis parameters. The stenosis parameters of all stenotic sites are connected by a smooth surface, and the smooth surface used for connection is marked as the disease analysis surface. When the disease analysis surface passes through non-stenotic sites, it is represented as 0 on the Z axis. Calculate the volume enclosed by the disease analysis surface and the XY plane to obtain the volume parameter. The ratio of the volume parameter to the volume parameter threshold is the disease parameter.

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