Gas circuit transmission device and method for adsorbing and clamping thin-wall spherical shell type complex tiny component

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas circuit transmission device and method, in particular to a gas circuit transmission device and method for adsorbing and clamping thin-wall spherical shell type complex tiny components. The invention aims to solve the problems that the clamping force cannot be controlled, the clamping precision is poor, and the negative pressure cannot be transmitted to a rotary motion part by a conventional negative pressure adsorption means, so that the clamping requirements of thin-wall spherical shell type complex and tiny components cannot be met. The device comprises a vacuum suction head and a vacuum cavity, and further comprises a negative pressure communicating pipe, a workpiece shaft, a transition element, a zero-point quick-change system, a gas circuit conducting pipe, a quick-change connecting piece and a clamp base. The negative pressure communicating pipe, the workpiece shaft, the transition element, the zero-point quick-change system, the quick-change connecting piece, the clamp base, the vacuum cavity and the vacuum suction head are sequentially connected end to end, and the transition element is connected with the clamp base through the gas circuit communicating pipe. The device is used for stable adsorption during machining of surface feature structures of thin-wall spherical shell type complex and tiny components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an air path transmission technology for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components, and belongs to the technical field of clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like micro-components. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, various high-precision, high-surface-quality thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components have been widely used in aerospace, biomedicine, electronic information and other fields. The diameter of such components is usually 1 to 5 mm, the shell thickness is 20 to 120 μm, and the material is soft. It is necessary to process dozens of characteristic microstructures with a lateral size of 50 to 200 μm and a longitudinal size of 0.5 to 20 μm on the entire surface, and it is required to achieve nano-level surface roughness, sub-micron level contour accuracy and micron level microstructure distribution spacing error. Ultra-precision milling is required, and after turning and clamping, the full-surface characteristic structure processing can be achieved to meet the accuracy and surface quality requirements. Under the constraints of the micro-space scale, the low-density and soft material characteristics of complex micro-components put forward higher requirements on their clamping process and equipment.

[0003] Traditional mechanical clamping methods such as chucks and spring collets for macro-scale parts clamping are not suitable for the clamping of thin-walled spherical shells due to the uncontrollable clamping force and poor clamping accuracy. In order to meet the clamping requirements of high precision, small deformation and stable adsorption of such components, it is necessary to adopt vacuum adsorption and design special adsorption fixtures and air transmission devices and methods to meet the relationship between the clamping force and deformation of small components during milling. When adsorbing and clamping thin-walled spherical shells and other small components in the multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control machining system, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the negative pressure according to the diameter of the thin-walled spherical shell to adjust the adsorption force, and it is required to maintain good contact adsorption clamping between the fixture and the thin-walled spherical shell during the rotation of the workpiece axis and the process of turning around and clamping. Due to the small diameter of the thin-walled spherical shell and the large difference in diameter between the thin-walled spherical shells in the same batch, the performance of the air transmission device and the adjustable range of negative pressure are increasingly required. In the prior art, vacuum negative pressure adsorption is mainly used in the fixation and adjustment of the vacuum suction cup of ultra-precision machine tools, and is used as the clamping of subsequent mechanical fixtures. There are problems such as large clamping force and inability to dynamically adjust, and the inability to transmit negative pressure to the end of the rotating moving parts. It cannot be applied to the adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell micro-components. How to develop a thin-walled spherical shell micro-component adsorption and clamping fixture based on a multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control processing system, and design an air transmission system to achieve stable adsorption during the processing of thin-walled spherical shell micro-components and the turning clamping process when the workpiece axis rotates is the key to the processing of thin-walled spherical shell surface feature structures, and is also an important guarantee for high precision and surface quality requirements. Therefore, it is urgent to propose an air transmission device and method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell complex micro-components in response to the high-precision and small deformation clamping requirements of thin-walled spherical shells, so as to achieve stable clamping of thin-walled spherical shells and stable and controllable removal of characteristic microstructures.

[0004] The invention patent with publication number CN113695937A and application date of September 10, 2021 discloses a vacuum adsorption fixture for clamping thin-walled spherical shell-like micro-components, and specifically discloses a vacuum adsorption fixture body and a vacuum suction head, wherein the vacuum adsorption fixture body is in the shape of a variable-section conical cylinder, the vacuum suction head is sealed and detachably connected to the adsorption end of the vacuum adsorption fixture body, the connecting end of the vacuum adsorption fixture body is used to connect with the reference plate of the zero-point positioning quick-change device, and the end of the vacuum suction head is used to adsorb the micro-thin-walled spherical shell; the vacuum cavity along the axial direction of the vacuum adsorption fixture body decreases in aperture from the connecting end to the adsorption end; the vacuum cavity serves as the main gas source channel, and the vacuum adsorption fixture body is provided with a secondary gas source interface connected to the vacuum cavity on the side wall corresponding to the adsorption end, and the vacuum channel on the vacuum suction head is coaxial and connected to the vacuum cavity on the vacuum adsorption fixture body. However, the fixture is not equipped with a dedicated transition element and a sealing column inside the fixture, and the negative pressure adjustment range is small, and the negative pressure transmission during the rotation of the workpiece axis is also unstable. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the problems that conventional negative pressure adsorption means have uncontrollable clamping force, poor clamping progress, and inability to transmit negative pressure to rotary moving parts, resulting in inability to meet the clamping needs of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components. An air transmission device and method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components are proposed.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is: the gas path transmission device for adsorption and clamping of complex micro-components such as squash shells of the present invention comprises a vacuum suction head and a vacuum cavity, and also comprises a negative pressure connecting pipe, a workpiece shaft, a transition element, a zero point quick change system, a gas path conducting pipe, a quick change connector and a fixture base;

[0007] The negative pressure connecting pipe, the workpiece shaft, the transition element, the zero point quick change system, the quick change connector, the fixture base, the vacuum chamber and the vacuum suction head are connected end to end in sequence, and the transition element is connected to the fixture base through the air path guide pipe.

[0008] Further, the transition element is composed of a mounting plate and a cylinder;

[0009] A positioning surface is provided on the outer wall of the middle part of the cylinder, and a gas path connecting hole is provided in the cylinder, and the gas path connecting hole passes through the mounting plate and the cylinder;

[0010] The upper end surface of the cylinder is provided with an axial first sealing groove, and the outer side wall of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a circumferential first sealing groove and a circumferential second sealing groove in sequence from top to bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the upper surface of the mounting plate.

[0012] Further, it also includes a sealing column;

[0013] The sealing column is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the clamp base. An axial second sealing groove is provided on one end face of the clamp base facing the vacuum chamber. A circumferential third sealing groove, a circumferential fourth sealing groove and a circumferential fifth sealing groove are provided on the outer wall of the sealing column from top to bottom.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of base mounting holes are provided on a side of the fixture base facing away from the vacuum chamber; a groove is provided on a side of the fixture base facing the vacuum chamber, and a gas path switching interface is provided in the groove.

[0015] The specific steps of the gas path transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components of the present invention include:

[0016] Step 1: Based on the multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control processing system, first turn on the air compressor to generate compressed air, which is further dried and filtered by a cold dryer. The compressed air is then transmitted to the vacuum generator and processed by the vacuum generator to generate vacuum negative pressure.

[0017] Step 2, connecting the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator to the inlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve, and leading the negative pressure from the outlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve and connecting it to the negative pressure connecting pipe;

[0018] Step 3: The vacuum negative pressure is transmitted to the top of the workpiece shaft through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft, and is transmitted to the vacuum adsorption fixture through the internal transmission channel of the dedicated transition element and the air path guide pipe to form a first negative pressure gas source, which can realize the stable transmission of the vacuum negative pressure during the rotation of the workpiece shaft;

[0019] Step 4, the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator is connected to the inlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the negative pressure is directly drawn out from the outlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the on-off control is realized by the knob switch to form a second negative pressure gas source for the subsequent turning around, clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell;

[0020] Step 5: A first gas path switching interface and a second gas path switching interface are provided on the base of the vacuum adsorption fixture. When the microstructure is first clamped and adsorbed, the gas path guide pipe is connected to the first gas path switching interface, and the negative pressure is transmitted to the vacuum suction head through the internal transmission channel of the fixture;

[0021] Step 6: After the processing of the hemispherical characteristic microstructure of the thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-component is completed, the thin-walled spherical shell U-turn clamping operation is performed, the second negative pressure gas source is connected to the second gas circuit switching interface, the second gas circuit switching interface is opened, and the first gas circuit switching interface is closed, and the second negative pressure gas source provides vacuum negative pressure for adsorption clamping, and at the same time, the first negative pressure gas source is removed by the first gas circuit switching interface quick-change joint;

[0022] Step 7: Remove the vacuum adsorption fixture from the zero-point quick-change system by pulling the rivet of the quick-change connector, and turn it around to achieve stable adsorption and turning clamping of complex tiny components such as thin-walled spherical shells;

[0023] Step 8: The vacuum suction fixture has a vacuum suction head which is connected to the vacuum chamber through a sealing pipe thread, and the vacuum suction head can be quickly replaced according to the size of the complex and tiny components of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2, the first negative pressure regulating valve can dynamically adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure adsorption pressure, and its adjustment range is 0 to -100 kPa; the negative pressure connecting pipe is connected to the end of the workpiece shaft through a quick-change connector.

[0025] Furthermore, the special transition element in step 3 is completely sealed with the workpiece axis through the first axial sealing groove, the first circumferential sealing groove, and the second circumferential sealing groove; the air path guiding pipe is connected to the quick-change connector, and the quick-change connector is threadedly connected to the air path connecting hole of the special transition element through the sealing pipe; the air path guiding pipe is led out from the side guiding hole of the transition element and connected to the vacuum adsorption fixture.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 5, the gas circuit switching interface is located on the fixture base, and the interface on-off control can be achieved by a knob switch;

[0027] The first gas path switching interface is used for initial clamping and adsorption; the second gas path switching interface is used for secondary clamping and adsorption to achieve stable adsorption and clamping when the microstructure turns around;

[0028] During the initial clamping and adsorption, the gas path guide tube is connected to the first gas path switching interface, the first gas path switching interface is opened, and the second gas path switching interface is closed. The negative pressure is connected from the first gas path switching interface to the vacuum chamber and the vacuum suction head to achieve the initial clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0029] Furthermore, after opening the second gas circuit switching interface and closing the first gas circuit switching interface in step 6, the negative pressure transmission channel is switched from the first negative pressure gas source passing through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft to the second negative pressure gas source, which facilitates the disassembly of the vacuum adsorption fixture.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. Aiming at the problem that the existing mechanical clamping methods and conventional negative pressure adsorption methods for macro-scale parts clamping cannot meet the clamping requirements of high precision, small deformation and stable adsorption of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components, the present invention innovatively proposes an air path transmission device and method for adsorption clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components. The device and method use two negative pressure air sources and two air path switching interfaces on the surface of the vacuum adsorption fixture to realize adsorption clamping during the rotation of the workpiece and when the workpiece is turned around for clamping, and meet the requirements of high precision, small deformation and stable adsorption clamping when processing dozens of characteristic microstructures with a horizontal scale of 50 to 200 μm and a vertical scale of 0.5 to 20 μm on the surface of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm;

[0032] 2. The present invention adopts high-performance Atlas SF2 air compressor with a maximum working pressure of 10 bar and an exhaust volume of 0.20 m 3 / min, which satisfies the compressed air conditions required for negative pressure generation. The ZL112A vacuum generator can reach a vacuum pressure of -84kPa, with a maximum operating pressure of 0.7Mpa and a supply pressure range of 0.2 to 0.5Mpa. Dynamic adjustment can be achieved within the negative pressure range of 0 to -84kPa, meeting the requirements for adsorption of complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells.

[0033] 3. The present invention adopts a special stable and sealed vacuum adsorption fixture, and an air transmission channel is opened inside the vacuum suction head, and there are various specifications, which can freely match the diameter of the thin-walled spherical shell, and can achieve high-precision, small-deformation stable adsorption and clamping of the thin-walled spherical shell;

[0034] 4. The present invention has a certain universality. It is not only suitable for the stable adsorption during the processing of surface feature structures of complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells, but can also be further extended to the vacuum negative pressure adsorption of other micro-components with multiple configurations and different materials, ensuring the adsorption stability and thus improving the processing accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gas transmission device for adsorption and clamping of complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the special transition element (the left picture is a stereogram, and the right picture is a cross-section);

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal gas transmission of the vacuum adsorption fixture (the left picture is a three-dimensional picture, and the right picture is a cross-sectional picture). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Specific implementation method 1: Figure 1 As shown, the air path transmission device for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components includes a vacuum suction head 8 and a vacuum chamber 9, and also includes a negative pressure connecting pipe 1, a workpiece shaft 2, a transition element 3, a zero-point quick-change system 4, an air path guide pipe 5, a quick-change connector 6 and a fixture base 10;

[0039] The negative pressure connecting pipe 1, the workpiece shaft 2, the transition element 3, the zero point quick change system 4, the quick change connector 6, the fixture base 10, the vacuum chamber 9 and the vacuum suction head 8 are connected end to end in sequence, and the transition element 3 is connected to the fixture base 10 through the air path guide pipe 5.

[0040] Among them, the air compressor generates compressed air, which passes through the cold dryer and the vacuum generator to generate negative pressure, and the negative pressure is dynamically adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve and transmitted to the negative pressure connecting pipe 1;

[0041] The negative pressure connecting pipe 1 is connected to the end of the workpiece shaft 2 through a quick-change joint, and is transmitted to the top of the workpiece shaft 2 through the internal gas transmission channel of the workpiece shaft 2; the negative pressure is further led out by a dedicated transition element, connected to the gas switching interface through the gas conducting pipe 5, and the negative pressure is transmitted to the fixture base 10; and transmitted to the vacuum suction head 8 through the vacuum chamber 9, so as to achieve stable adsorption of the workpiece 7;

[0042] The special transition element is connected to the flange matching hole at the end of the workpiece shaft 2 by an interference fit through a sealing ring, which can achieve air path sealing and negative pressure conduction;

[0043] The transition element 3 is connected to the end flange of the workpiece shaft 2 by screws; the zero-point quick-change system 4 is connected to the end of the transition element 3 by screws; the vacuum suction head 8 is connected to the vacuum chamber 9 by a sealing pipe thread, and the suction head of the appropriate size can be quickly replaced according to the diameter of the thin-walled spherical shell; the vacuum chamber 9 is connected to the fixture base 10 by a thread, and the inside of the fixture realizes air path sealing transmission by interference fit through a sealing column and a sealing ring; the fixture base 10 is connected to the quick-change connector 6 by screws, and is pneumatically clamped to the zero-point quick-change system 4 by the rivet at the end of the quick-change connector 6; the high repeatability positioning and matching accuracy of the rivet and the zero-point quick-change system can ensure high-precision secondary turning clamping of the thin-walled spherical shell; the vacuum adsorption force is dynamically adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve, and the negative pressure air path transmission device can realize high-precision, small-deformation stable adsorption clamping when processing the surface feature structure of complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm.

[0044] Specific implementation method 2: Figure 2 As shown, the transition element 3 is composed of a mounting plate and a cylinder;

[0045] The outer wall of the middle part of the cylinder is provided with a positioning surface 11, and the cylinder is provided with a gas path connecting hole 16, which passes through the mounting plate and the cylinder;

[0046] An axial first sealing groove 12 is provided on the upper end surface of the cylinder, and a circumferential first sealing groove 13 and a circumferential second sealing groove 14 are provided on the outer side wall of the upper part of the cylinder in sequence from top to bottom.

[0047] The transition element 3 is connected to the flange on the top of the workpiece shaft 2 by bolts through the mounting hole 15, and the axial positioning is achieved by the positioning surface 11; an O-ring is provided in the first axial sealing groove to achieve axial sealing between the transition element and the workpiece shaft;

[0048] The first circumferential sealing groove 13 and the second circumferential sealing groove 14 are padded with O-rings to achieve circumferential sealing between the dedicated transition element and the workpiece axis; the air path guide pipe is connected to the air path connection hole 16 through a quick-change joint by a sealing pipe thread to conduct negative pressure.

[0049] Specific implementation method three: Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of mounting holes 15 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the upper surface of the mounting plate.

[0050] Specific implementation method four: Figure 3 As shown, a sealing column 19 is also included;

[0051] The sealing column 19 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 9 and the clamp base 10. The end surface of the clamp base 10 facing the vacuum chamber 9 is provided with an axial second sealing groove 18. The outer wall of the sealing column 19 is provided with a circumferential third sealing groove 20, a circumferential fourth sealing groove 21 and a circumferential fifth sealing groove 22 from top to bottom.

[0052] Specific implementation method five: Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of base mounting holes 23 are provided on a side of the fixture base 10 facing away from the vacuum chamber 9 ; a groove is provided on a side of the fixture base 10 facing the vacuum chamber 9 , and a gas path switching interface 24 is provided in the groove.

[0053] The internal gas path transmission diagram of the vacuum adsorption fixture is as follows: Figure 3 The fixture base 10 is connected to the quick-change connector by bolts through the base mounting holes;

[0054] The vacuum chamber 9 is connected to the fixture base 10 through the chamber mounting hole 17 by bolts, and the axial sealing of the vacuum chamber and the fixture base is achieved through the axial second sealing groove 18 padded with an O-ring;

[0055] The third circumferential sealing groove 20, the fourth circumferential sealing groove 21 and the fifth circumferential sealing groove 22 on the surface of the sealing column 19 are padded with O-rings to achieve circumferential sealing between the vacuum chamber and the fixture base;

[0056] The fixture base 10 is connected to the quick-change connector 6 through the base mounting hole 23 by bolts, and a gas path switching interface 24 is provided on its surface for the initial clamping of the thin-walled spherical shell and the stable adsorption of the reversal clamping;

[0057] The vacuum suction head 8 is connected to the vacuum chamber 9 through a sealing pipe thread to ensure the sealing of the gas transmission process;

[0058] The workpiece 7 is adsorbed on the vacuum suction head 8 by negative pressure, achieving high-precision, small-deformation and stable adsorption clamping when processing the surface feature structure of the complex micro-component of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0059] Specific implementation method six: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the air transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components specifically includes:

[0060] Step 1: Based on the multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control processing system, first turn on the air compressor to generate compressed air, which is further dried and filtered by a cold dryer. The compressed air is then transmitted to the vacuum generator and processed by the vacuum generator to generate vacuum negative pressure.

[0061] Step 2, connecting the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator to the inlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve, and leading the negative pressure from the outlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve and connecting it to the negative pressure connecting pipe;

[0062] Step 3: The vacuum negative pressure is transmitted to the top of the workpiece shaft through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft, and is transmitted to the vacuum adsorption fixture through the internal transmission channel of the dedicated transition element and the air path guide pipe to form a first negative pressure gas source, which can realize the stable transmission of the vacuum negative pressure during the rotation of the workpiece shaft;

[0063] Step 4, the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator is connected to the inlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the negative pressure is directly drawn out from the outlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the on-off control is realized by the knob switch to form a second negative pressure gas source for the subsequent turning around, clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell;

[0064] Step 5: A first gas path switching interface and a second gas path switching interface are provided on the base of the vacuum adsorption fixture. When the microstructure is first clamped and adsorbed, the gas path guide pipe is connected to the first gas path switching interface, and the negative pressure is transmitted to the vacuum suction head through the internal transmission channel of the fixture;

[0065] Step 6: After the processing of the hemispherical characteristic microstructure of the thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-component is completed, the thin-walled spherical shell U-turn clamping operation is performed, the second negative pressure gas source is connected to the second gas circuit switching interface, the second gas circuit switching interface is opened, and the first gas circuit switching interface is closed, and the second negative pressure gas source provides vacuum negative pressure for adsorption clamping, and at the same time, the first negative pressure gas source is removed by the first gas circuit switching interface quick-change joint;

[0066] Step 7: Remove the vacuum adsorption fixture from the zero-point quick-change system by pulling the rivet of the quick-change connector, and turn it around to achieve stable adsorption and turning clamping of complex tiny components such as thin-walled spherical shells;

[0067] Step 8, the vacuum suction fixture, the vacuum suction head 8 is connected to the vacuum chamber 9 through a sealing pipe thread, and the vacuum suction head can be quickly replaced according to the size of the complex and tiny components of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0068] In step 1, the air compressor model is Atlas SF2, with a maximum working pressure of 10 bar and an exhaust volume of 0.20 m 3 / min, which can well meet the compressed air conditions required for negative pressure generation;

[0069] In step 1, the cold dryer model is IDFA3E-23-G produced by SMC, and the rated inlet air temperature and pressure of this cold dryer are 35°C and 0.7Mpa respectively, which can realize cooling and drying of compressed air;

[0070] In step 1, the vacuum generator model is SMC ZL112A, with a maximum vacuum pressure of -84 kPa, a maximum operating pressure of 0.7 MPa, and a supply pressure range of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa. It can achieve dynamic adjustment within the negative pressure range of 0 to -84 kPa, meeting the adsorption requirements of complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells.

[0071] In step 7, the vacuum adsorption fixture is removed from the zero-point quick-change system and installed into the hydraulic axis quick-change system of the multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control machining system. The multi-axis linkage is further controlled by the program to achieve high-precision machining of the remaining characteristic structures of the complex and tiny components of the thin-walled spherical shell after turning around and clamping.

[0072] In step 8, an air transmission channel is opened inside the vacuum suction head, and there are various specifications, which can freely match the diameter of the thin-walled spherical shell to achieve high-precision, small deformation and stable adsorption clamping of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0073] Specific implementation method seven: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in step 2, the first negative pressure regulating valve can dynamically adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure adsorption pressure, and its adjustment range is 0 to -100 kPa; the negative pressure connecting pipe is connected to the end of the workpiece shaft through a quick-change connector.

[0074] Specific implementation method eight: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in step 3, the dedicated transition element 3 is completely sealed with the workpiece shaft 2 through the first axial sealing groove 12, the first circumferential sealing groove 13, and the second circumferential sealing groove 14; the air path guide tube 5 is connected to the quick-change connector 6, and the quick-change connector 6 is connected to the air path connecting hole of the dedicated transition element 3 through a sealing tube thread; the air path guide tube 5 is led out from the side guide hole of the transition element 3 and connected to the vacuum adsorption fixture.

[0075] Specific implementation method nine: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in step 5, the gas circuit switching interface 24 is located on the fixture base, and the interface on-off control can be achieved by a knob switch;

[0076] The first gas path switching interface is used for initial clamping and adsorption; the second gas path switching interface is used for secondary clamping and adsorption to achieve stable adsorption and clamping when the microstructure turns around;

[0077] During the initial clamping and adsorption, the gas path guiding tube 5 is connected to the first gas path switching interface, the first gas path switching interface is opened, and the second gas path switching interface is closed. The negative pressure is connected from the first gas path switching interface to the vacuum chamber 9 and the vacuum suction head 8 to realize the initial clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0078] Specific implementation method ten: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, after opening the second gas circuit switching interface and closing the first gas circuit switching interface in step 6, the negative pressure transmission channel is converted from the first negative pressure gas source passing through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft to the second negative pressure gas source, which facilitates the disassembly of the vacuum adsorption fixture.

[0079] How it works

[0080] The air transmission device and method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components are established based on a multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control processing system. Compressed air is generated by an air compressor, and adjustable negative pressure is generated by a cold dryer and a vacuum generator. The negative pressure is transmitted to the vacuum suction head of the vacuum adsorption fixture through an air transmission channel and an air switching interface, which can meet the stable transmission of vacuum negative pressure during the rotation of the workpiece axis, and realize high-precision, small-deformation stable adsorption and clamping when processing dozens of characteristic microstructures with a horizontal scale of 50 to 200 μm and a vertical scale of 0.5 to 20 μm on the surface of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm.

[0081] When the vacuum adsorption fixture adsorbs complex micro-components such as thin-walled spherical shells, it mainly forms a circular line contact between the vacuum suction head and the thin-walled spherical shell, forms a closed space in the vacuum chamber, and generates a vacuum negative pressure P through a negative pressure gas source, thereby generating an equivalent adsorption force F. a :

[0082]

[0083] In the above formula, k is the effective adsorption coefficient, and its value depends on the type of contact materials, and is generally 0.9; C is the unit conversion coefficient. When the units of the parameters in the above formula are MPa, mm 2 When and N, C takes the value of 1; N is the safety factor of adsorption clamping, when horizontal clamping, N≥4; when vertical clamping, N≥8; S is the effective adsorption area, when a thin-walled spherical shell with a diameter of D is adsorbed on a vacuum adsorption fixture, the diameter of its limited adsorption area is 0.8D; when the vacuum adsorption fixture is used to stably adsorb and clamp thin-walled spherical shells and other complex micro-components, the required vacuum adsorption force is:

[0084]

[0085] Furthermore, the vacuum negative pressure required for stable adsorption of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components can be obtained:

[0086]

[0087] Example

[0088] Step 1: Obtain the equivalent adsorption force F through finite element simulation a =88mN, for a thin-walled spherical shell with a diameter of D = 1mm, its effective adsorption area S is 0.16π, and the required vacuum negative pressure is 77.81kPa obtained from formula ③;

[0089] Step 2: Turn on the air compressor and the cold dryer, connect the first negative pressure gas source to the first gas path switching interface of the vacuum adsorption fixture, adjust the negative pressure regulating valve to -77.81 kPa, install the workpiece, achieve stable adsorption, and program-control the processing system to complete the processing of the thin-walled spherical shell weak hemispherical crown characteristic structure;

[0090] Step 3: Connect the second negative pressure gas source to the second gas path switching interface of the vacuum adsorption fixture and open it, close the first gas path switching interface, and use the second negative pressure gas source to provide vacuum negative pressure to maintain stable adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell;

[0091] Step 4: Remove the vacuum adsorption fixture from the zero-point quick-change system and install it into the hydraulic axis matching quick-change system to achieve stable adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell. The program-controlled processing system completes the processing of the remaining characteristic structures on the surface of the complex and tiny components of the thin-walled spherical shell.

[0092] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiments without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, based on the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air transmission device for adsorbing and clamping thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components, comprising a vacuum suction head (8) and a vacuum chamber (9), characterized in that: It also includes a negative pressure connecting pipe (1), a workpiece shaft (2), a transition element (3), a zero-point quick-change system (4), an air path guide pipe (5), a quick-change connector (6) and a fixture base (10); The negative pressure connecting pipe (1), the workpiece shaft (2), the transition element (3), the zero-point quick-change system (4), the quick-change connector (6), the fixture base (10), the vacuum chamber (9) and the vacuum suction head (8) are connected in sequence, and the transition element (3) is connected to the fixture base (10) via the air path connecting pipe (5).

2. The air transmission device for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transition element (3) is composed of a mounting plate and a cylinder; A positioning surface (11) is provided on the outer wall of the middle part of the cylinder, and a gas path connecting hole (16) is provided in the cylinder, and the gas path connecting hole (16) passes through the mounting plate and the cylinder; The upper end surface of the cylinder is provided with an axial first sealing groove (12), and the outer side wall of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a circumferential first sealing groove (13) and a circumferential second sealing groove (14) in sequence from top to bottom.

3. The air transmission device for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The upper surface of the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (15) evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

4. The air transmission device for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes a sealing column (19); The sealing column (19) is arranged between the vacuum chamber (9) and the clamp base (10); an axial second sealing groove (18) is provided on an end surface of the clamp base (10) facing the vacuum chamber (9); and a circumferential third sealing groove (20), a circumferential fourth sealing groove (21) and a circumferential fifth sealing groove (22) are provided on an outer side wall of the sealing column (19) in sequence from top to bottom.

5. The air transmission device for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of base mounting holes (23) are provided on a side of the clamp base (10) facing away from the vacuum chamber (9); a groove is provided on a side of the clamp base (10) facing the vacuum chamber (9), and a gas path switching interface (24) is provided in the groove.

6. A pneumatic transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components, characterized in that: Specifically include: Step 1: Based on the multi-axis linkage ultra-precision shape control processing system, first turn on the air compressor to generate compressed air, which is further dried and filtered by a cold dryer. The compressed air is then transmitted to the vacuum generator and processed by the vacuum generator to generate vacuum negative pressure. Step 2, connecting the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator to the inlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve, and leading the negative pressure from the outlet end of the first negative pressure regulating valve and connecting it to the negative pressure connecting pipe; Step 3: The vacuum negative pressure is transmitted to the top of the workpiece shaft through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft, and is transmitted to the vacuum adsorption fixture through the internal transmission channel of the dedicated transition element and the air path guide pipe to form a first negative pressure gas source, which can realize the stable transmission of the vacuum negative pressure during the rotation of the workpiece shaft; Step 4, the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator is connected to the inlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the negative pressure is directly drawn out from the outlet of the second negative pressure regulating valve, and the on-off control is realized by the knob switch to form a second negative pressure gas source for the subsequent turning around, clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell; Step 5: A first gas path switching interface and a second gas path switching interface are provided on the base of the vacuum adsorption fixture. When the microstructure is first clamped and adsorbed, the gas path guide pipe is connected to the first gas path switching interface, and the negative pressure is transmitted to the vacuum suction head through the internal transmission channel of the fixture; Step 6: After the processing of the hemispherical characteristic microstructure of the thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-component is completed, the thin-walled spherical shell U-turn clamping operation is performed, the second negative pressure gas source is connected to the second gas circuit switching interface, the second gas circuit switching interface is opened, and the first gas circuit switching interface is closed, and the second negative pressure gas source provides vacuum negative pressure for adsorption clamping, and at the same time, the first negative pressure gas source is removed by the first gas circuit switching interface quick-change joint; Step 7: Remove the vacuum adsorption fixture from the zero-point quick-change system by pulling the rivet of the quick-change connector, and turn it around to achieve stable adsorption and turning clamping of complex tiny components such as thin-walled spherical shells; Step 8: The vacuum suction fixture, the vacuum suction head (8) is connected to the vacuum chamber (9) through a sealing pipe thread, and the vacuum suction head can be quickly replaced according to the size of the complex and tiny components of the thin-walled spherical shell.

7. The pneumatic transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step 2, the first negative pressure regulating valve can dynamically adjust the size of the negative pressure adsorption pressure, and its adjustment range is 0 to -100 kPa; the negative pressure connecting pipe is connected to the end of the workpiece shaft through a quick-change connector.

8. The air transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: In step 3, the dedicated transition element (3) is completely sealed with the workpiece shaft (2) through the first axial sealing groove (12), the first circumferential sealing groove (13), and the second circumferential sealing groove (14); the air path guide tube (5) is connected to the quick-change connector (6), and the quick-change connector (6) is connected to the air path connection hole of the dedicated transition element (3) through the sealing tube thread; the air path guide tube (5) is led out from the side guide hole of the transition element (3) and connected to the vacuum adsorption fixture.

9. The air transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In step 5, the gas circuit switching interface (24) is located on the fixture base, and the interface can be turned on and off by a knob switch; The first gas path switching interface is used for initial clamping and adsorption; the second gas path switching interface is used for secondary clamping and adsorption to achieve stable adsorption and clamping when the microstructure turns around; During initial clamping and adsorption, the gas path conduit (5) is connected to the first gas path switching interface, the first gas path switching interface is opened, and the second gas path switching interface is closed, and negative pressure is connected from the first gas path switching interface to the vacuum chamber (9) and the vacuum suction head (8), thereby achieving initial clamping and adsorption of the thin-walled spherical shell.

10. The pneumatic transmission method for adsorption and clamping of thin-walled spherical shell-like complex micro-components according to claim 9 is characterized in that: After opening the second gas circuit switching interface and closing the first gas circuit switching interface in step 6, the negative pressure transmission channel is switched from the first negative pressure gas source passing through the internal transmission channel of the workpiece shaft to the second negative pressure gas source, which facilitates the disassembly of the vacuum adsorption fixture.

Images