Sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance, design method and testing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance, a design method and a testing device. The sleeper with the adjustable ballast bed resistance comprises a sleeper body and an inflatable cushion, the inflatable cushion is arranged on the side, used for making contact with a ballast bed, of the sleeper body, the inflatable cushion is provided with an inflation valve, through the arrangement, the ballast bed resistance generated by the sleeper can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and the ballast bed resistance can be adjusted according to different requirements; the design method of the sleeper with the adjustable ballast bed resistance is used for designing the sleeper with the adjustable ballast bed resistance, through the design method, the air pressure values of the inflatable cushions at different positions in the line can be set according to the actual working condition and operation condition, and the capacity of changing the ballast bed design resistance of the same line due to the change of the service environment is improved; the testing device for the track bed resistance adjustable sleeper is used for testing the track bed resistance adjustable sleeper, and through the arrangement, the track bed resistance adjustable sleeper can be conveniently tested under different gradients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and in particular to a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, a design method and a testing device. Background Art

[0002] As a mountain railway, the rack railway adds a rack device on the basis of the ordinary railway track structure to obtain superior climbing ability. Since the slope of the rack track laying area is much greater than the slope of the ordinary line laying area, it will lead to problems such as the attenuation of the ballast resistance and the reduction of the stability of the track structure. In actual use, the slopes of the rack railway lines are not consistent, and the track structure's resistance requirements for the ballasted track bed will vary according to the slope. The existing technology needs to adjust the track structure according to the ballast resistance requirements, which involves the design and adjustment of multiple parameters such as the sleeper spacing, sleeper size, and friction coefficient, resulting in complex railway line design and difficulty in subsequent maintenance and repair operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem existing in the prior art that, in an actual environment, the slopes of the rack railway lines are not consistent, and the resistance requirements of the track structure for the ballasted track bed will vary according to the slopes. The prior art needs to adjust the track structure according to the track bed resistance requirements, which involves the design and adjustment of multiple parameters such as the sleeper spacing, sleeper size, friction coefficient, etc., resulting in complex railway line design and difficulty in subsequent maintenance and repair operations. The present invention provides a sleeper with adjustable track bed resistance, a design method and a testing device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, comprising a sleeper body and an inflatable cushion, wherein the inflatable cushion is arranged on a side of the sleeper body for contacting the ballast, and the inflatable cushion is provided with an inflation valve.

[0005] By arranging the inflatable cushion on the side of the sleeper body that is used to contact the roadbed, the sleeper body is in contact with the roadbed through the inflatable cushion. When the sleeper is subjected to external force, the sleeper squeezes the inflatable cushion to cause the inflatable cushion to deform. The deformation of the inflatable cushion changes the distribution of the force, thereby affecting the transmission effect of the force from the sleeper to the roadbed. The force applied to the sleeper is transmitted to the roadbed through the inflatable cushion, so that the force applied to the roadbed is different from the force applied to the sleeper. By arranging an inflation valve, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be changed according to actual needs, thereby changing the degree of deformation of the inflatable cushion, so that the roadbed resistance applied to the sleeper changes according to the change of the pressure in the inflatable cushion, thereby changing the friction between the sleeper and the roadbed. In actual use, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Inflatable cushions of different pressures can cause the sleeper to generate different roadbed resistances, thereby achieving the roadbed resistance that can be adjusted according to needs.

[0006] When the inflation volume is small, the pressure inside the inflatable cushion is small. When a force is applied to the sleeper, the sleeper is subjected to the force and then squeezes the inflatable cushion. The deformation of the inflatable cushion is large, and the transmission effect of the force from the sleeper to the ballast bed is poor. The deformation degree of the inflatable cushion is large, and the force exerted by the inflatable cushion on the ballast bed is larger than that exerted on the sleeper, thereby greatly reducing the friction between the inflatable cushion and the ballast bed.

[0007] When the inflation volume is large, the pressure inside the inflatable cushion is large. When the same force is applied to the sleeper, the sleeper is subjected to the force and then squeezes the inflatable cushion. The deformation of the inflatable cushion is small, and the force transmission effect from the sleeper to the roadbed is better. The deformation degree of the inflatable cushion is small, and the force exerted on the roadbed by the inflatable cushion is less than that exerted on the sleeper, thereby reducing the friction between the inflatable cushion and the roadbed.

[0008] By setting the inflation valve, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be changed according to actual needs, thereby changing the degree of deformation of the inflatable cushion, so that the pressure on the roadbed changes according to the change of the pressure in the inflatable cushion, thereby changing the friction between the inflatable cushion and the roadbed. In actual use, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Inflatable cushions with different pressures can cause different roadbed resistances to the sleepers, so that the roadbed resistance can be adjusted according to needs, replacing the design adjustment of multiple parameters such as sleeper spacing, sleeper size, friction coefficient, etc., reducing the complexity of railway line design and facilitating subsequent maintenance and repair operations.

[0009] The inflatable cushion can be connected to the sleeper via an adhesive layer, or can be connected to the sleeper in a detachable manner.

[0010] When the inflatable cushion is connected to the sleeper through an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer should be embedded in the sleeper body, and the depth of the adhesive layer embedded in the sleeper body is at least half of the thickness of the adhesive layer. This setting can improve the firmness of the inflatable cushion to the sleeper.

[0011] The adhesive layer can be configured as an adhesive screen or an adhesive layer, etc.

[0012] The inflatable cushion can be made of nylon rubber cloth or polyurethane polymer material.

[0013] The gas in the inflatable cushion can be set to an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, and this setting can improve the safety of the inflation valve.

[0014] The inflatable cushion is provided with an air pressure measuring component.

[0015] By providing an air pressure measuring component, the air cushion can be inflated or deflated according to the measured value of the air pressure measuring component, thereby improving the accuracy of inflating or deflation of the air cushion.

[0016] The air pressure measuring component can be configured as a barometer or an air pressure sensor, etc.

[0017] When the air pressure measuring component is an air pressure sensor, the air pressure sensor can transmit data to the receiving terminal in a wireless manner.

[0018] The air pressure measuring component can be arranged at a corner point in the inflatable cushion or at any position in the inflatable cushion.

[0019] A plurality of baffles are arranged in the inflatable cushion, and the baffles are used to divide the inflatable cushion into a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are respectively provided with the inflation valve and the air pressure measuring component.

[0020] By setting the baffle, the inflatable cushion can be divided into several independent cavities. By operating the inflation valve, the air pressure in each cavity can be adjusted individually, thereby changing the local deformation degree of the inflatable cushion and improving the adaptability of the inflatable cushion when used.

[0021] The baffle portion can be made of nylon rubber cloth or polyurethane polymer material.

[0022] The baffle part is a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is arranged along the length direction and the width direction of the sleeper body.

[0023] The position of the baffle arranged along the length direction of the sleeper body corresponds to the axis of the sleeper body along the length direction, and the position of the baffle arranged along the width direction of the sleeper body corresponds to the position of the track arranged on the sleeper body. When the track is laid on a transverse slope, the train will tilt along the inclination direction of the transverse slope when passing through the transverse slope section, causing different forces applied by the train at both ends of the sleeper due to the inclination of the train, thereby causing different friction forces between the two ends of the sleeper and the ballast bed.

[0024] For example, when the train tilts to the right along the direction of travel, the force on the right end of the sleeper is greater than the force on the left end of the sleeper, resulting in the friction between the right end of the sleeper and the roadbed being greater than the friction between the left end of the sleeper and the roadbed. By adjusting the pressure of the cavity at the right end of the inflatable cushion and the pressure of the cavity at the left end of the inflatable cushion, the pressures of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion are made inconsistent, and then the deformation degrees of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion are made inconsistent, that is, the transmission effect of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion on the forces acting on them is enhanced or weakened, thereby changing the friction between the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion and the roadbed to meet actual needs.

[0025] When the train tilts to the left along the forward direction, the force on the left end of the sleeper is greater than the force on the right end of the sleeper, resulting in the friction between the left end of the sleeper and the roadbed being greater than the friction between the right end of the sleeper and the roadbed. By adjusting the pressure of the cavity at the right end of the inflatable cushion and the pressure of the cavity at the left end of the inflatable cushion, the pressures of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion are made inconsistent, and then the deformation degree of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion is made inconsistent, that is, the transmission effect of the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion on the forces acting on them is enhanced or weakened, thereby changing the friction between the cavities at both ends of the inflatable cushion and the roadbed to meet actual needs.

[0026] Through this setting, the ability of the sleeper to locally adjust the ballast resistance can be improved according to the actual operating conditions, and the disadvantages of making consistent and extensive adjustments to the inflatable cushion can be improved.

[0027] The edge of the inflatable cushion can be configured as a curved surface.

[0028] Through this arrangement, the stress concentration effect when the inflatable cushion is subjected to force can be reduced, thereby increasing the service life of the inflatable cushion.

[0029] The side of the inflatable cushion facing the track bed is provided with an anti-slip device.

[0030] Through this arrangement, the friction between the inflatable cushion and the roadbed is increased, and the use effect of the inflatable cushion is improved.

[0031] The anti-slip device can be configured as a plurality of convex points or a plurality of convex strips integrally formed with the inflatable cushion.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design method for a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to design the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1: Install a rail row provided with a plurality of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance on a test fixture with adjustable inclination, wherein the sleepers are connected to the rails, and the first inclination angle of the test fixture is θ t ;

[0034] S2: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a first pressure P t ;

[0035] S3: disconnect the other sleepers except the sleeper to be tested from the rails, and apply a force F to the sleepers to be tested along the longitudinal direction of the rail row in turn. t1 -F tn , and obtain the corresponding displacement x of the sleeper to be tested t1 -x tn ;

[0036] S4: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a second pressure P t ′;

[0037] S5: repeat step S3 until the nth group of experiments is completed;

[0038] S6: Adjust the inclination angle of the test fixture to the second inclination angle θ u ;

[0039] S7: Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the mth group of tests is completed;

[0040] S8: According to the experimental data, the functional relationship between the force F and the displacement x of the sleeper to be measured is obtained: F = a-bx + cx 3 / 4 , the corresponding relationship between the cavity pressure and the force is obtained through experiments, and then the functional relationship between the pressure P in the inflatable cushion and the force F is obtained by fitting: P = αF + β

[0041] Among them, a, b, c, α, and β are all constants;

[0042] S9: When the track structure is unstable, the displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested is x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The critical force F is obtained m ;

[0043] S10: F m Substitute the functional relationship P = αF + β to obtain the instability critical pressure P m ;

[0044] S11: Set the design pressure of the air cushion to P c Set to P c ≥P m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion c The design of the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance is completed based on the size, material, quality of the sleeper body and the distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies.

[0045] Through this design method, the air pressure of the inflatable cushions at different positions in the line can be set according to the actual working conditions and operating conditions, so that the roadbed resistance at different positions in the same line is different, thereby improving the ability of the same line to change the roadbed design resistance due to environmental changes and improving the adaptability of the line.

[0046] The test bench is paved with ballast, the rail row is installed on the ballast, the number of the sleepers can be 3, 4 or 5, etc. When testing, one of the sleepers can be selected as a test object.

[0047] The step S4 can be replaced by: adjusting the air pressure of only one cavity to a single cavity pressure P a ;

[0048] The step S8 can be replaced by: fitting the first force F1 and the first displacement x1 of the sleeper to be tested according to the experimental data to obtain the functional relationship F1=a-bx1+cx1 3 / 4 The functional relationship between the pressure P1 of only one cavity of the sleeper to be tested and the first force F1 is P1=αF1+β

[0049] Among them, a, b, c, α, and β are all constants;

[0050] The step S9 can be replaced by: when the track structure is unstable, the displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested is set to x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F1 = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The first critical force F is obtained 1m ;

[0051] The step S10 can be replaced by: 1m Substitute the function relationship P1 = αF1 + β to obtain the first instability critical pressure P 1m ;

[0052] The step S11 can be replaced by: setting the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion c Set to P c ≥P 1m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion c The design of the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance is completed based on the size, material, quality of the sleeper body and the distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies.

[0053] Through this step, the inflatable cushion with a plurality of cavities inside can be tested, and then the design pressure of the inflatable cushion with a plurality of cavities inside can be obtained, thereby improving the adaptability of the use of sleepers with adjustable ballast bed resistance.

[0054] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a testing device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to test the sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, and comprises a test bench, a base and a bracket, one side of the base is hinged to the bracket, and the other side of the base is hinged to the test bench, and a plurality of slots are provided on a side of the test bench close to the bracket, and the slots are used to be connected with the bracket.

[0055] A plurality of slots are provided on one side of the test bench close to the bracket, so that the bracket can be connected to different slots to make the test bench and the base present different angles, thereby adjusting the inclination of the test bench and facilitating the testing of the sleeper with adjustable track bed resistance at different inclination angles.

[0056] The testing device for the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance is provided with a limit device, which is used to be connected to a displacement measuring device or a force applying device, and is used to fix the position of the displacement measuring device or the force applying device relative to the test bench.

[0057] The limiting device may be fixedly arranged on the test bench, the limiting device may be connected to the displacement measuring device or the force applying device via a clamp, and the clamp may be connected to the limiting device via a connecting arm.

[0058] The connecting arm can be connected to the limiting device via a universal shaft.

[0059] The connecting arm can also be configured to include a first connecting arm and a second connecting arm, the first connecting arm is connected to the limiting device through a first connecting portion, the second connecting arm is connected to the first connecting arm through a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are both pins, and when the first connecting arm rotates around the first connecting portion, the plane where the motion trajectory is located is perpendicular to the plane where the motion trajectory is located when the second connecting arm rotates around the second connecting portion.

[0060] The force adding device may be a jack or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0061] The displacement measuring device may be a displacement meter or a displacement sensor, etc.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0063] 1. The present invention provides a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, comprising a sleeper body and an inflatable cushion, wherein the inflatable cushion is arranged on a side of the sleeper body for contacting the ballast, and the inflatable cushion is provided with an inflation valve. By means of this arrangement, when the sleeper is subjected to an external force, the sleeper squeezes the inflatable cushion to cause the inflatable cushion to deform. The deformation of the inflatable cushion changes the distribution of the force, thereby affecting the transmission effect of the force from the sleeper to the ballast bed. The force exerted on the sleeper is transmitted to the ballast bed through the inflatable cushion, so that the force exerted on the ballast bed is different from the force exerted on the sleeper. By setting an inflation valve, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be changed according to actual needs, thereby changing the degree of deformation of the inflatable cushion, so that the pressure exerted on the ballast bed changes according to the change of the pressure in the inflatable cushion, thereby changing the friction between the inflatable cushion and the ballast bed. In actual use, the pressure in the inflatable cushion can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Inflatable cushions of different pressures can cause the sleeper to generate different ballast bed resistances, so that the ballast bed resistance can be adjusted according to needs, replacing the design adjustment of multiple parameters such as sleeper spacing, sleeper size, friction coefficient, etc., reducing the complexity of railway line design, and facilitating subsequent maintenance and repair operations.

[0064] 2. The present invention provides a design method for a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to design the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, comprising the following steps: S1: installing a rail row provided with a plurality of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance on a test fixture with adjustable inclination, wherein the sleepers are connected to rails, and the first inclination angle of the test fixture is θ t ; S2: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a first pressure P t ; S3: Release the connection between the sleepers and the rails except the sleepers to be tested, and apply a force F to the sleepers to be tested along the longitudinal direction of the rail row in turn t1 -F tn , and obtain the corresponding displacement x of the sleeper to be tested t1 -x tn ; S4: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to the second pressure P t '; S5: repeat step S3 until the nth group of tests is completed; S6: adjust the inclination angle of the test fixture to the second inclination angle θ u ; S7: repeat steps S2 to S6 until the mth group of tests is completed; S8: according to the experimental data, the functional relationship between the force F and the displacement x of the sleeper to be tested is obtained: F = a-bx + cx 3 / 4 The functional relationship between the pressure P in the air cushion and the force F is P = αF + β, where a, b, c, α, and β are all constants; S9: The displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested when the track structure is unstable is preset to be x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The critical force F is obtained m ; S10: F m Substitute the functional relationship P = αF + β to obtain the instability critical pressure P m ; S11: Set the design pressure of the inflatable cushion to P c Set to P c ≥P m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion c The design of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance is completed by considering the size, material, quality and distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies. Through this design method, the air pressure of the air cushions at different positions in the line can be set according to the actual working conditions and operation conditions, so that the ballast resistance at different positions in the same line is different, which improves the ability of the same line to change the ballast design resistance due to environmental changes and improves the adaptability of the line;

[0065] 3. The present invention provides a testing device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to test the sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, and comprises a test bench, a base and a bracket, one side of the base is hinged to the bracket, and the other side of the base is hinged to the test bench, and a plurality of slots are provided on a side of the test bench close to the bracket, and the slots are used to be connected with the bracket; by providing a plurality of slots on a side of the test bench close to the bracket, the bracket can be connected to different slots to make the test bench and the base present different angles, thereby realizing the adjustment of the inclination angle of the test bench, and facilitating the testing of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance at different inclination angles.

[0066] 4. The sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance provided by the present invention is provided with an air pressure measuring component, which can be externally connected to a data acquisition and transmission system, as well as a remote data processing and terminal display system, thereby realizing the information processing and precise perception of the stress state of the sleeper and the ballast resistance, and facilitating timely maintenance and repair of the track. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 2 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 3 This is a schematic front view of a testing device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the testing device A of the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance in Example 2 provided by the present invention.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of a testing device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the testing device B for the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance in Example 3 provided by the present invention.

[0073] Markings in the figure:

[0074] 1-sleeper body, 2-inflatable cushion, 3-blocking part, 4-air pressure measuring component, 5-anti-slip device, 6-test bench, 7-base, 8-bracket, 9-limiting device base, 10-first connecting arm, 11-second connecting arm, 12-jack clamp, 13-displacement meter clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0076] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship when the invented product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0077] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the scheme of the present invention.

[0078] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., which appear in the terms, are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0079] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "plurality" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0080] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, comprising a sleeper body 1 and an inflatable cushion 2, wherein the inflatable cushion 2 is arranged on a side of the sleeper body 1 for contacting the ballast, and the inflatable cushion 2 is provided with an inflation valve.

[0083] By arranging the inflatable cushion 2 on the side of the sleeper body 1 that is used to contact the ballast bed, the sleeper body 1 is in contact with the ballast bed through the inflatable cushion 2. When the sleeper is subjected to external force, the sleeper squeezes the inflatable cushion 2 to cause the inflatable cushion 2 to deform. The deformation of the inflatable cushion 2 changes the distribution of the force, thereby affecting the transmission effect of the force from the sleeper to the ballast bed. The force applied to the sleeper is transmitted to the ballast bed through the inflatable cushion 2, so that the force applied to the ballast bed is different from the force applied to the sleeper. By setting an inflation valve, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 can be changed according to actual needs, thereby changing the degree of deformation of the inflatable cushion 2, so that the pressure applied to the ballast bed changes according to the change of the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2, thereby changing the friction between the inflatable cushion 2 and the ballast bed. In actual use, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Inflatable cushions 2 with different pressures can cause the sleeper to generate different ballast bed resistances, thereby achieving the roadbed resistance that can be adjusted according to demand.

[0084] When the inflation volume is small, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 is small. When a force is applied to the sleeper, the sleeper is forced to move toward the inflatable cushion 2 and then squeeze the inflatable cushion 2. The deformation of the inflatable cushion 2 is large, and the transmission effect of the force from the sleeper to the roadbed is poor. The force exerted on the roadbed by the inflatable cushion 2 is reduced more than the force exerted on the sleeper, thereby greatly reducing the friction between the inflatable cushion 2 and the roadbed.

[0085] When the inflation volume is large, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 is large. When the same force is applied to the sleeper, the sleeper is forced to move toward the inflatable cushion 2 and then squeeze the inflatable cushion 2. The deformation of the inflatable cushion 2 is small, and the force transmission effect from the sleeper to the roadbed is better. The force exerted on the roadbed by the inflatable cushion 2 is less than that exerted on the sleeper, thereby reducing the friction between the inflatable cushion 2 and the roadbed.

[0086] By setting the inflation valve, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 can be changed according to actual needs, thereby changing the degree of deformation of the inflatable cushion 2, so that the pressure on the roadbed changes according to the change of the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2, thereby changing the friction between the inflatable cushion 2 and the roadbed. In actual use, the pressure in the inflatable cushion 2 can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Inflatable cushions 2 with different pressures can cause different roadbed resistances to the sleepers, so that the roadbed resistance can be adjusted according to needs, replacing the design adjustment of multiple parameters such as sleeper spacing, sleeper size, friction coefficient, etc., reducing the complexity of railway line design and facilitating subsequent maintenance and repair operations.

[0087] The inflatable cushion 2 is connected to the sleeper through an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer should be embedded in the sleeper body 1. The depth of the adhesive layer embedded in the sleeper body 1 is at least one half of the thickness of the adhesive layer. This setting can improve the firmness of the inflatable cushion 2 adhering to the sleeper. The adhesive layer is an adhesive mesh.

[0088] The inflatable cushion 2 is made of nylon rubber cloth, and the gas in the inflatable cushion 2 is set to nitrogen.

[0089] An air pressure measuring component 4 is provided inside the inflatable cushion 2 .

[0090] By providing the air pressure measuring component 4 , the air cushion 2 can be inflated or deflated according to the measurement value of the air pressure measuring component 4 , thereby improving the accuracy of inflating or deflation of the air cushion 2 .

[0091] The air pressure measuring component 4 is an air pressure sensor, which can transmit data to a receiving terminal in a wireless manner, thereby improving the ability to perceive changes in air pressure in the inflatable cushion 2.

[0092] The air pressure measuring component 4 is arranged at a corner point inside the inflatable cushion 2 .

[0093] A baffle 3 is provided inside the inflatable cushion 2 , and the baffle 3 is used to divide the inflatable cushion 2 into 6 cavities, each of which is provided with the inflation valve and the air pressure measuring component 4 .

[0094] By providing the baffle 3, the inflatable cushion 2 can be divided into 6 independent cavities. By operating the inflation valve, the air pressure in each cavity can be adjusted individually, thereby changing the local deformation degree of the inflatable cushion 2 and improving the adaptability of the inflatable cushion 2 when used.

[0095] The baffle 3 can be made of nylon rubber cloth or polyurethane polymer material.

[0096] The baffle portion 3 is a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is arranged along the length direction and the width direction of the sleeper body 1.

[0097] Furthermore, the position of the barrier portion 3 arranged along the length direction of the sleeper body 1 corresponds to the axis of the sleeper body 1 along the length direction, and the position of the barrier portion 3 arranged along the width direction of the sleeper body 1 corresponds to the position where the track is arranged on the sleeper body 1.

[0098] Through this setting, the ability of the sleeper to locally adjust the ballast resistance can be improved according to the actual operating conditions, and the disadvantages of making consistent and extensive adjustments to the inflatable cushion can be improved.

[0099] The edge of the inflatable cushion 2 is a curved surface.

[0100] Through this arrangement, the stress concentration effect when the inflatable cushion 2 is subjected to force can be reduced, thereby increasing the service life of the inflatable cushion 2.

[0101] The inflatable cushion 2 is provided with an anti-slip device 5 on the side facing the track bed.

[0102] Through this arrangement, the friction between the inflatable cushion 2 and the roadbed is increased, and the use effect of the inflatable cushion 2 is improved.

[0103] The anti-slip device 5 is a plurality of protrusions formed integrally with the inflatable cushion 2 .

[0104] Example 2

[0105] This embodiment provides a design method for a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to design the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, and includes the following steps:

[0106] S1: Install a rail row provided with a plurality of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance on a test fixture with adjustable inclination, wherein the sleepers are connected to the rails, and the first inclination angle of the test fixture is θ t ;

[0107] S2: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a first pressure P t ;

[0108] S3: disconnect the other sleepers except the sleeper to be tested from the rails, and apply a force F to the sleepers to be tested along the longitudinal direction of the rail row in turn. t1 -F tn , and obtain the corresponding displacement x of the sleeper to be tested t1 -x tn ;

[0109] S4: Adjust the air pressure of only one cavity to a single cavity pressure P a ;

[0110] S5: repeat step S3 until the nth group of experiments is completed;

[0111] S6: Adjust the inclination angle of the test fixture to the second inclination angle θ u ;

[0112] S7: Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the mth group of tests is completed;

[0113] S8: According to the experimental data, the functional relationship between the first force F1 and the first displacement x1 of the sleeper to be tested is obtained: F1 = a-bx1 + cx1 3 / 4 The functional relationship between the pressure P1 of only one cavity of the sleeper to be tested and the first force F1 is P1=αF1+β

[0114] Among them, a, b, c, α, and β are all constants;

[0115] S9: When the track structure is unstable, the displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested is x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F1 = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The first critical force F is obtained 1m ;

[0116] S10: F 1m Substitute the function relationship P1 = αF1 + β to obtain the first instability critical pressure P 1m ;

[0117] S11: Set the design pressure of the inflatable cushion 2 to P c Set to P c ≥P 1m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion 2 c The design of the sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance is completed by considering the size, material, quality of the sleeper body 1 and the distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies 1.

[0118] Through this design method, an inflatable cushion 2 with a plurality of cavities inside can be tested, and the design pressure of the inflatable cushion 2 with a plurality of cavities inside can be obtained. The air pressure values ​​of the inflatable cushion 2 at different positions in the line can be set according to the actual working conditions and operation conditions, so that the roadbed resistance at different positions in the same line is different, thereby improving the ability of the same line to change the roadbed design resistance due to environmental changes and improving the adaptability of the line.

[0119] The test bench is paved with ballast, the rail row is installed on the ballast, the number of sleepers is 3, and during testing, the middle sleeper is selected as the test object.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] As attached Figure 3-4As shown, this embodiment provides a testing device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, which is used to test the sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, including a test bench 6, a base 7 and a bracket 8, one side of the base 7 is hinged to the bracket 8, and the other side of the base 7 is hinged to the test bench 6, and a plurality of slots are provided on a side of the test bench 6 close to the bracket 8, and the slots are used to be connected with the bracket 8.

[0122] A plurality of slots are provided on one side of the test bench 6 close to the bracket 8, so that the bracket 8 can be connected to different slots to make the test bench 6 and the base 7 present different angles, thereby adjusting the inclination of the test bench 6 and facilitating the testing of the sleepers with adjustable track bed resistance at different inclination angles.

[0123] The testing device for the sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance is provided with a limit device 9, which is used to be connected to a displacement measuring device, and the limit device base 9 is used to fix the position of the displacement measuring device relative to the test bench 6.

[0124] The limit device base 9 is fixedly set on the test bench 6, and the limit device base 9 is connected to the displacement measuring device through a clamp, and the clamp is connected to the limit device base 9 through a connecting arm. The displacement measuring device is a displacement meter, and the clamp is a displacement meter clamp 13. The displacement meter clamp 13 is a unidirectional clamp. Through this setting, the displacement meter can maintain a stable position and stable posture in a specific direction, thereby improving the accuracy of the displacement meter when in use.

[0125] The connecting arm includes a first connecting arm 10 and a second connecting arm 11. The first connecting arm 10 is connected to the limiting device base 9 through a first connecting part, and the second connecting arm 11 is connected to the first connecting arm 10 through a second connecting part. The first connecting part and the second connecting part are both pins. When the first connecting arm 10 rotates around the first connecting part, the plane where the motion trajectory is located is perpendicular to the plane where the motion trajectory is located when the second connecting arm 11 rotates around the second connecting part.

[0126] Example 4

[0127] As attached Figure 5-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a testing device for sleepers with adjustable track bed resistance. The difference from Embodiment 3 is that the limiting device base 9 is used to connect with the force-applying device, and the limiting device base 9 is used to fix the position of the force-applying device relative to the test bench 6.

[0128] The force-applying device is a jack, and the clamp is a jack clamp 12. The jack clamp 12 is a multi-directional clamp. Through this setting, when the inclination angle of the test bench 6 is adjusted, the force-applying angle of the jack can be adjusted, so that the jack can adapt to the needs of different test environments, thereby improving the flexibility of the jack when in use.

[0129] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sleeper body (1) and an inflatable cushion (2), wherein the inflatable cushion (2) is arranged on a side of the sleeper body (1) for contacting with a ballast, and the inflatable cushion (2) is provided with an inflating valve.

2. The sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inflatable cushion (2) is provided with an air pressure measuring component (4).

3. The sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles (3) are provided in the inflatable cushion (2), and the baffles (3) are used to divide the inflatable cushion (2) into a plurality of cavities, and the cavities are respectively provided with the inflation valve and the air pressure measuring component (4).

4. The sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle part (3) is a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is arranged along the length direction and the width direction of the sleeper body (1).

5. The sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 4, characterized in that: The position of the baffle (3) arranged along the length direction of the sleeper body (1) corresponds to the axis of the sleeper body (1) along the length direction, and the position of the baffle (3) arranged along the width direction of the sleeper body (1) corresponds to the position of the rail arranged on the sleeper body (1).

6. A sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: An anti-slip device (5) is provided on the side of the inflatable cushion (2) facing the track bed.

7. A design method for a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance, characterized in that: The method for designing a sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 comprises the following steps: S1: installing a rail row provided with a plurality of sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance on a test fixture with adjustable inclination, The sleeper is connected to the rail, and the first inclination angle of the test fixture is θ t ; S2: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a first pressure P t ; S3: disconnect the other sleepers except the sleeper to be tested from the rails, and apply a force F to the sleepers to be tested along the longitudinal direction of the rail row in turn. t1 -F tn , and obtain the corresponding displacement x of the sleeper to be tested t1 -x tn ; S4: Adjust the air pressure of each cavity to a second pressure P t ′; S5: repeat step S3 until the nth group of experiments is completed; S6: Adjust the inclination angle of the test fixture to the second inclination angle θ u ; S7: Repeat steps S2 to S6 until the mth group of tests is completed; S8: According to the experimental data, the functional relationship between the force F and the displacement x of the sleeper to be measured is obtained: F = a-bx + cx 3 / 4 , According to the experimental data, the functional relationship between the pressure P in the inflatable cushion and the force F is obtained: P = αF + β Among them, a, b, c, α, and β are all constants; S9: When the track structure is unstable, the displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested is x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The critical force F is obtained m ; S10: F m Substitute the functional relationship P = αF + β to obtain the instability critical pressure P m ; S11: The air cushion (2) is designed to have a pressure P c Set to P c ≥P m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion (2) c The design of the sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance is completed by adjusting the size, material, quality of the sleeper body (1) and the distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies (1).

8. The design method of a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S4 is replaced by: adjusting the air pressure of only one cavity to a single cavity pressure P a ; The step S8 is replaced by: fitting the first force F1 and the first displacement x1 of the sleeper to be tested according to the experimental data to obtain the functional relationship F1=a-bx1+cx1 3 / 4 and the functional relationship between the pressure P1 of only one of the cavities of the sleeper to be tested and the first force F1 is P1=αF1+β, where a, b, c, α, and β are all constants; The step S9 is replaced by: when the track structure is unstable, the displacement limit of the sleeper to be tested is set to x m , x m Substitute the function relationship F1 = a-bx+cx 3 / 4 The first critical force F is obtained 1m ; The step S10 is replaced by: 1m Substitute the function relationship P1 = αF1 + β to obtain the first instability critical pressure P 1m ; The step S11 is replaced by: setting the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion (2) c Set to P c ≥P 1m , according to the design pressure P of the inflatable cushion (2) c The design of the sleeper with adjustable ballast bed resistance is completed by adjusting the size, material, quality of the sleeper body (1) and the distance between two adjacent sleeper bodies (1).

9. A test device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance, characterized in that: A sleeper for testing a sleeper with adjustable ballast resistance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a test bench (6), a base (7) and a bracket (8), wherein one side of the base (7) is hinged to the bracket (8) and the other side is hinged to the test bench (6), and a plurality of slots are provided on a side of the test bench (7) close to the bracket (8), and the slots are used for being connected with the bracket (8).

10. A test device for sleepers with adjustable ballast resistance according to claim 9, characterized in that: A limiting device is provided, the limiting device is used to be connected to the displacement measuring device or the force applying device, and the limiting device is used to fix the position of the displacement measuring device or the force applying device relative to the test bench (6).

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