Single-power-source multi-gear disordered gear shifting control mechanism and gearbox gear shifting device

Abstract

A single-power-source multi-gear disordered gear shifting control mechanism and a gearbox gear shifting device comprise a power source and a lead screw which are coaxially connected, the lead screw is sequentially and coaxially sleeved with three lead screw nuts, the peripheries of the lead screw nuts are provided with a plurality of circumferential limiting grooves parallel to the axes of the lead screw nuts, the lead screw nuts are further coaxially provided with protruding rings, and the outer diameter of each protruding ring is larger than that of the corresponding lead screw nut. The convex rings and the guide blocks are sequentially and axially connected in a limiting manner; and the three limiting control units sequentially correspond to the three lead screw nuts, each limiting control unit comprises a circumferential limiting convex part matched with the circumferential limiting groove structure, and the circumferential limiting convex part is in movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove. Through reasonable arrangement of component structures and adoption of the technical scheme of independent control and disordered gear shifting of all gears, the jump gear function can be achieved, the gear shifting performance is better, the advantages in the aspects of cost, performance, transmission performance, service life and the like are remarkable, and the fault risk is lower; the structure is excellent, advantages are obvious, practicability is high, and application prospects are wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-gear transmissions, and in particular relates to a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism and a transmission shift device. Background Art

[0002] At present, the electrification of the global automobile industry is being deeply promoted. Under the wave of the new energy revolution, the new energy automobile industry has become the focus of all countries. Passenger cars have good operating conditions and require small torque. They usually use a transmission system with direct motor drive or single-stage reduction. Pure electric medium and light trucks and buses can meet the use needs with a two-speed gearbox. Heavy trucks and construction machinery have large vehicle mass and complex operating conditions. In order to meet the climbing performance, the low gear is required to have a larger transmission ratio, while in order to meet the high speed requirements of long-distance transportation, the high gear should have a smaller transmission ratio; the motor speed regulation capacity is limited during gear shifting. In order to ensure smooth gear shifting, the speed ratio difference between high and low gears should not be too large. To solve this design contradiction, it can be matched with a high-speed, high-torque high-power motor or a multi-speed gearbox. High-power motors have corresponding requirements for installation space, controllers and wiring harnesses, which leads to a significant increase in production costs. At the same time, high-power motors have problems of excess performance and poor economy. Matching a multi-speed gearbox is the best technical route.

[0003] The electronically controlled electric control mechanism has many advantages such as adjustable selection / shift force, adjustable selection / shift stroke, small shift impact, strong versatility, high compatibility, etc., and is widely used in new energy electric vehicles. The two-speed electronically controlled electric control mechanism usually converts the small torque output by the motor into a sufficiently large shift force through a ball screw pair or a worm gear structure. For multi-speed gearboxes, there are mainstream solutions such as XY structure, YY structure, split structure and drum structure. Among them, the XY structure uses two motors to control the gear selection and shifting respectively; the YY structure combines two or more sets of two-speed electronically controlled electric control mechanisms in parallel, and two or more motors control two or more gears separately; the split structure arranges two or more sets of two-speed electronically controlled electric control mechanisms separately at different positions of the gearbox and controls two or more gears separately; the drum structure first amplifies the motor torque through a gear pair or a worm gear structure, and then drives the shift drum to rotate. There are two or more grooves on the shift drum to control two or more shift forks to shift gears.

[0004] The advantage of the XY structure is that when its gear selection and shifting structure matches a gearbox with five, six or more gears, only two sets of motors and transmission structures are required, which has significant advantages in cost, volume and weight. The disadvantage is that the gear selection action prolongs the gear shifting time and increases the difficulty of control; the YY structure and the split structure have no gear selection action, so the gear shifting time is short and the control difficulty is relatively low, but when matching a gearbox with five, six or more gears, the cost, volume and weight are doubled accordingly; the drum structure only requires one motor, which has significant cost advantages. However, due to structural limitations, it can only shift gears in a specified order according to the gear shift drum groove, and cannot skip gears. In addition, for medium and heavy truck gearboxes with large shifting forces, the gear shift drum groove is easy to wear, and the correlation between each gear is too high. The gear position with severe groove wear requires a larger gear shift drum angle, and the gear position with slight groove wear is out of the correct position due to the excessive gear shift drum angle, resulting in failures such as gear failure, neutral failure, wear and abnormal noise, etc. Therefore, its service life is short, the failure rate is high, and the reliability is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism and a transmission shifting device to solve the problems of cost, performance and life of the existing electronically controlled electric operating mechanism for multi-gear pure electric transmissions.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:

[0007] A single-power-source, multi-gear, disordered shift control mechanism comprises a coaxially connected power source and a lead screw, wherein three lead screw nuts are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw in sequence, a plurality of circumferential limit grooves parallel to the axis of the lead screw nut are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nut, a convex ring with an outer diameter greater than the lead screw nut is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut, each convex ring is axially limitedly connected to each guide block in sequence; and further comprises three limit control units corresponding to the three lead screw nuts in sequence, the limit control units comprising a circumferential limit convex portion matching the circumferential limit groove structure, the circumferential limit convex portion being in movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove.

[0008] Preferably, the limit control unit further comprises a follower rod, a first return spring, a limit lock pin and an electromagnetic switch; one end of the first return spring is limit-fixed, the other end of the first return spring is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod, and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw, the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the other end of the follower rod, and when the first return spring is in a natural state, the circumferential limit convex portion is located in and contacts any circumferential limit groove; an annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the middle section of the follower rod, the limit lock pin is located between the follower rod and the electromagnetic switch, and the axis of the follower rod and the axis of the electromagnetic switch are both perpendicular to the axis of the limit lock pin;

[0009] When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch contacts one end of the limit lock pin and pushes the limit lock pin to move along its own axis toward the follower rod. At this time, the other end of the limit lock pin is in limit contact with the annular groove of the follower rod, and the circumferential limit protrusion is in limit contact with any circumferential limit groove.

[0010] Preferably, the limit control unit further comprises an electromagnetic switch and a self-resetting limit semi-ring, one end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring is limit-hinged, the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the other end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring, and the electromagnetic switch is located above the outer side of the arc surface of the self-resetting limit semi-ring;

[0011] When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch contacts the outer arc of the self-resetting limit semi-ring and pushes the self-resetting limit semi-ring to rotate until the circumferential limit convex portion contacts any circumferential limit groove.

[0012] Preferably, the limit control unit also includes an electromagnetic switch, the inner cavity of the switch housing of the electromagnetic switch is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet, a fixed magnet and a second moving magnet in sequence, one end of the switch housing is coaxially provided with a conical end connected to the first moving magnet, a circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the end of the conical end, a side wall of the switch housing is provided with a limit plate connected to the second moving magnet, and a lower part of the limit plate is provided with a card groove matching the side wall structure of the convex ring; two limit bosses are also provided in the switch housing, a second return spring is connected between each limit boss and the inner wall of the switch housing, and the two limit bosses are respectively in movable limit contact with the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet;

[0013] When the electromagnetic switch is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring drives the limit boss to contract, and the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet respectively move along their axial direction away from the fixed magnet to the circumferential limit boss and contact with any circumferential limit groove. At this time, the second return spring drives the limit boss to reset, and the two limit bosses are respectively in contact with the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet; when the electromagnetic switch is turned on and energized in the reverse direction, the second return spring drives the limit boss to contract, and the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet respectively move along their axial direction close to the fixed magnet to the slot of the limit plate and contact with the convex ring. At this time, the second return spring drives the limit boss to reset, and the two limit bosses are respectively in contact with the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet.

[0014] Preferably, the axis of the circumferential limiting protrusion is perpendicular to the axis of the screw nut, and the circumferential limiting protrusion can reciprocate along its own axis and be in movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

[0015] Preferably, the circumferential limiting grooves are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the screw nut.

[0016] Preferably, the convex ring is located at the end of the screw nut.

[0017] A gearbox shifting device includes three fork shafts whose axes are coplanar and parallel to the axis of a lead screw, three guide blocks respectively coaxially sleeved on the three fork shafts, and a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism disclosed in the present application.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a self-locking unit and an interlocking unit arranged at the ends of the three fork shafts.

[0019] A gearbox shifting device includes a fork shaft parallel to the axis of a lead screw, three guide blocks coaxially sleeved on the fork shaft in sequence, and a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism disclosed in the present application.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) The single-power source multi-gear disorderly shift control mechanism and the gearbox shift device of the present invention adopt the technical solution of single-power source controlling multiple gears as a whole through the reasonable arrangement of the component structure. There is no gear selection action and the shifting time is shorter. At the same time, the technical solution of individual control of each gear and disorderly shifting is adopted to realize the skipping function and the gear shifting performance is better. It has significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance and life, and has a lower risk of failure. It has excellent structure, significant advantages, strong practicality and broad application prospects.

[0022] (2) The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism and the gearbox shift device of the present invention have greater flexibility and adaptability to a wider range of working conditions by rationally arranging the component structures and adopting a variety of deformation schemes for the limit control unit.

[0023] (3) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention can adopt a single-shift fork shaft / multi-shift fork shaft solution through reasonable arrangement of the component structure, and is flexible in applicable working conditions. The gears can be shifted arbitrarily and in an unordered manner between the gears. Because only one electromagnetic switch is turned on each time, one gear returns to neutral before another gear is engaged, thereby eliminating the possibility of engaging double gears. The device has a gear interlocking function to ensure driving safety.

[0024] (4) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention has significant advantages in cost, volume and weight compared with the XY structure, YY structure and split structure through the reasonable arrangement of the component structure. Compared with the XY structure, there is no gear selection action and the gear shifting time is shorter.

[0025] (5) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention, through reasonable arrangement of the component structure, adopts a technical solution of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting, which can realize the skipping function and has better shifting performance, and adopts a ball screw structure, and the gears have no strong correlation. Compared with the drum structure, it has higher transmission efficiency, longer service life and lower risk of failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a gearbox shifting device obtained by using a single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism in Example 1 and a single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism selected from an embodiment of Example 4;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the self-locking unit and the interlocking unit;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view of mid-ss plane;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of electromagnetic switch in power on (left) and power off (right);

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a single power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism of Example 2;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a single power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism of Example 2;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The structural diagram of the electromagnetic switch;

[0035] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the single fork shaft self-locking unit of Example 5.

[0036] The symbols in the figure represent:

[0037] A fork shaft, B guide block, C self-locking unit, D interlocking unit, E gear monitoring unit;

[0038] B1 elastic cylindrical pin

[0039] C1 self-locking ball, C2 self-locking spring, C3 self-locking ball socket, C4 self-locking pin;

[0040] D1 interlocking ball, D2 interlocking shaft, D3 interlocking ring groove;

[0041] E1 magnet, E2 displacement sensor

[0042] 1 power source, 2 lead screw, 3 lead screw nut, 4 limit control unit

[0043] 2-1 first bearing, 2-2 second bearing;

[0044] 3-1 convex ring;

[0045] 4-0 self-resetting limit half ring, 4-1 follower rod, 4-2 first return spring, 4-3 screw plug, 4-4 limit lock pin, 4-5 electromagnetic switch; 4-51 switch housing, 4-52 fixed magnet, 4-53 first moving magnet, 4-54 second moving magnet, 4-55 limit plate, 4-56 limit boss, 4-57 second return spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the directional terms mentioned in this article, such as "inner cavity", "inner periphery", "inner wall" and "outside", are consistent with the specific directions on the paper of the drawings in the specification or the corresponding directions of the space shown in the drawings; all components and equipment in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all components and equipment known in the prior art.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a single-power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism, including a coaxially connected power source 1 and a lead screw 2, three lead screw nuts 3 are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw 2 in sequence, a plurality of circumferential limit grooves parallel to the axis of the lead screw nut 3 are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nut 3, a convex ring 3-1 with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut 3 is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut 3, each convex ring 3-1 is axially limitedly connected with each guide block B in sequence; it also includes three limit control units 4 corresponding to the three lead screw nuts 3 in sequence, the limit control unit 4 includes a circumferential limit convex portion matching the circumferential limit groove structure, and the circumferential limit convex portion is in movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove;

[0050] Its function is: apply it to the gearbox shifting device, when it is necessary to engage a gear, start the power source 1 for forward rotation, move the circumferential limit convex portion corresponding to the required gear to any circumferential limit groove of the corresponding lead screw nut 3 to engage with it, at this time, the lead screw nut 3 of this gear is locked in its circumferential rotation direction, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the corresponding guide block B to slide along its axial direction until the gear is engaged and the power source 1 is turned off; during this period, the circumferential rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, that is, the two guide blocks B corresponding to the other two lead screw nuts 3 have no axial force; the overall technical solution of single power source controlling multiple gears is adopted, there is no gear selection action, and the gear shifting time is shorter. At the same time, the technical solution of separate control of each gear and disordered gear shifting is adopted, which can realize the gear skipping function and have better gear shifting performance. It has significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance and life, and has a lower risk of failure.

[0051] The power source 1 disclosed in this embodiment is a motor, preferably a brushless motor with a longer life, to reduce the risk of abnormal function or failure of the control mechanism caused by wear of the carbon brush of the brushed motor. The axis of the circumferential limit convex part disclosed in this embodiment is perpendicular to the axis of the screw nut 3, and the circumferential limit convex part can reciprocate along its own axis and make movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove. The circumferential limit grooves are evenly arranged around the outer periphery of the screw nut 3, and the convex ring 3-1 is located at the end of the screw nut 3.

[0052] The power source 1 disclosed in this embodiment is fixed to the housing by bolts, providing torque for shifting in and out of gears. The first bearing 2-1 and the second bearing 2-2 are installed on both sides of the lead screw 2. The first bearing 2-1 and the second bearing 2-2 are preferably thrust needle bearings, which are used for axial limitation and reduce friction resistance during rotation. There is a hexagonal groove on the left side of the lead screw 2, which cooperates with the hexagonal shaft at the output end of the motor and is driven to rotate by the motor. A sliding bearing is also coaxially provided on the lead screw and is press-fitted on the housing. The inner side of the sliding bearing cooperates with a small clearance between the optical axis on one side of the lead screw 2 to locate the axis of the lead screw 2. The lead screw nut 3 and the lead screw 2 are respectively machined with inner and outer raceways, with balls installed therebetween, forming a ball screw substructure.

[0053] The limit control unit 4 of this embodiment also includes a follower rod 4-1, a first return spring 4-2, a limit lock pin 4-4 and an electromagnetic switch 4-5; one end of the first return spring 4-2 is fixed to the housing by a screw plug 4-3, the other end of the first return spring 4-2 is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod 4-1, and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw 2, the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the other end of the follower rod 4-1, and when the first return spring 4-2 is in a natural state, the circumferential limit convex portion is located in any circumferential limit groove and contacts therewith; an annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the middle section of the follower rod 4-1, and the limit lock pin 4-4 is located between the follower rod 4-1 and the electromagnetic switch 4-5 The axes of the follower rod 4-1 and the electromagnetic switch 4-5 are both perpendicular to the axis of the limit lock pin 4-4; when the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts one end of the limit lock pin 4-4 and pushes the limit lock pin 4-4 to move along its own axis toward the follower rod 4-1. At this time, the other end of the limit lock pin 4-4 is in limit contact with the annular groove of the follower rod 4-1, and the circumferential limit convex portion is in limit contact with any circumferential limit groove; the housing in this embodiment is provided with a hole matching the structure of the follower rod 4-1 and the limit lock pin 4-4, and the follower rod 4-1 and the limit lock pin 4-4 can both move back and forth in the corresponding holes;

[0054] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is powered on, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves downward and becomes tangent to the right side of the limit lock pin 4-4, the left side of the limit lock pin 4-4 is embedded in the limit groove in the middle section of the follower rod 4-1, and the circumferential limit convex portion at the lower end of the follower rod 4-1 is embedded in any circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3, thereby limiting the rotational movement of the screw nut 3; when the electromagnetic switch (10) is powered off, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves upward, and the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 remains in contact with the right side of the limit lock pin 4-4. At an appropriate distance, the limit lock pin 4-4 can move left and right without falling out of the hole in the housing. When the screw nut 3 rotates, the follower rod 4-1 is pushed out from the circumferential limit groove (that is, the follower rod 4-1 resumes up and down reciprocating motion). Under the action of the spring force of the first return spring 4-2, the follower rod 4-1 moves up and down, and the limit lock pin 4-4 is pushed out from the annular groove of the follower rod 4-1. At this time, the limit lock pin 4-4 has no locking effect on the follower rod 4-1, and the rotational motion of the screw nut 4 is not restricted.

[0055] The follower rod 4-1 of this embodiment is designed as a symmetrical structure to prevent wrong installation, and both ends of the limit lock pin 4-4 are ball heads.

[0056] The overall design of the limit control unit 4 of this embodiment is ingenious and easy to implement. While being able to limit the lead screw nut 3, it also prevents the electromagnetic switch 4-5 from being worn and extends its service life. It is simple to process and has significant advantages in cost, volume and weight.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 lies in the design of the limit control unit 4. Figure 6 As shown, the limit control unit 4 of this embodiment includes an electromagnetic switch 4-5 and a self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0, one end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 is hinged with the shell limit, the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the other end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0, and the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is located above the outer side of the arc surface of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0; when the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is turned on and extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts the outer arc of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0, and pushes the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 to rotate until the circumferential limit convex portion contacts any circumferential limit groove;

[0059] Its function is: when the gear shifting operation needs to be performed to make the screw nut 3 move axially, the corresponding electromagnetic switch 4-5 is energized, and the tapered end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves downward, pushing the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 to rotate, and the circumferential limit convex portion at the other end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 is in contact with any circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3 to limit its rotational movement. When the power source 1 drives the screw 2 to rotate, the screw nut 3 with the corresponding guide block B moves axially to engage the gear. At this time, the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is tangent to the outer arc surface of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0, generating a locking effect to ensure that the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 will not return; when the gear shifting operation is not performed, the tapered end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves upward, and the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 rotates under the action of the return force, and the circumferential limit convex portion at the other end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring 4-0 is separated from the circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3. When the power source 1 drives the screw 2 to rotate, the screw nut 3 idles and does not generate axial displacement.

[0060] The self-resetting limiting half ring 4-0 disclosed in this embodiment is a caliper, and its return work can be optionally provided with a return torsion spring to realize its function.

[0061] The other structures and working logics are similar to those of the first embodiment and are not described in detail. The shifting logics of other gears are the same as above. According to the characteristics of this structure, the gears can be shifted randomly before each other. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on each time, after one gear returns to neutral, the other gear performs the gear shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting double gears, having a gear interlocking function, and ensuring driving safety.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 lies in the design of the limit control unit 4. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown,

[0064] The limit control unit 4 also includes an electromagnetic switch 4-5, the inner cavity of the switch housing 4-51 of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet 4-53, a fixed magnet 4-52 and a second moving magnet 4-54 in sequence, one end of the switch housing 4-51 is coaxially provided with a conical end connected to the first moving magnet 4-53, a circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the end of the conical end, the side wall of the switch housing 4-51 is provided with a limit plate 4-55 connected to the second moving magnet 4-54, and the lower part of the limit plate 4-55 is provided with a groove matching the side wall structure of the convex ring 3-1; two limit bosses 4-56 are also provided in the switch housing 4-51, and a second return spring 4-57 is connected between each limit boss 4-56 and the inner wall of the switch housing 4-51, and the two limit bosses 4-56 are respectively in movable limit contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54;

[0065] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring 4-57 drives the limiting boss 4-56 to contract, and the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 respectively move along their axial direction away from the fixed magnet 4-52 until the circumferential limiting convex part contacts with any circumferential limiting groove. At this time, the second return spring 4-57 drives the limiting boss 4-56 to reset, and the two limiting bosses 4-56 respectively contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54;

[0066] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is turned on and reverse power is supplied, the second return spring 4-57 drives the limiting boss 4-56 to contract, and the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 respectively move along their axial direction toward the fixed magnet 4-52 until the slot of the limiting plate 4-55 and the convex ring 3-1 are in limiting contact. At this time, the second return spring 4-57 drives the limiting boss 4-56 to reset, and the two limiting bosses 4-56 are respectively in limiting contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54.

[0067] In the scheme of this embodiment, the conical end and the limit plate 4-55 always keep opposite directions, that is, when the conical end is downward, the limit plate 4-55 is upward, and when the conical end is upward, the limit plate 4-55 is downward. The conical end cooperates with the circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3 to limit the rotational movement of the screw nut 3, and the limit plate 4-55 cooperates with the convex ring 3-1 to limit the movement of the screw nut. When the conical end is downward, the screw nut 3 moves axially to perform the shifting action, and when the limit plate 4-55 is downward, the screw nut 3 does not move axially to maintain the neutral or gear state.

[0068] The other structures and working logics are similar to those of the first embodiment and are not described in detail. The shifting logics of other gears are the same as above. According to the characteristics of this structure, the gears can be shifted randomly before each other. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on each time, after one gear returns to neutral, the other gear performs the gear shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting double gears, having a gear interlocking function, and ensuring driving safety.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a gearbox shifting device, including a fork shaft A with three coplanar axes and parallel to the axis of the lead screw 2, and also including three guide blocks B respectively coaxially sleeved on the three fork shafts A, and also including any single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of embodiments 1-3;

[0071] Its function is: the overall technical solution of single power source controlling multiple gears is adopted, there is no gear selection action, and the gear shifting time is shorter. At the same time, the technical solution of individual control of each gear and disorderly gear shifting is adopted to realize the gear skipping function and better gear shifting performance. It has significant advantages in cost, performance, transmission performance and life, and has a lower risk of failure.

[0072] Each guide block B disclosed in this embodiment is fixed on the corresponding fork shaft A through an elastic cylindrical pin B1.

[0073] The ends of the three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are further provided with self-locking units C, and the self-locking units C include a plurality of self-locking ball sockets C3 respectively provided on the upper part of the shift fork shaft A near the end. In this embodiment, preferably, each shift fork shaft A has three self-locking ball sockets C3, and each locking ball socket C3 of each shift fork shaft A is provided with a coaxially connected self-locking ball C1 and a self-locking spring C2, which cooperate with each other to realize the self-locking function of the shift fork shaft A after the gear is engaged;

[0074] The ends of the three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are also provided with an interlocking unit D, which includes interlocking ring grooves D3 respectively arranged circumferentially near the ends of the shift fork shafts A, an interlocking ball D1 is arranged between two adjacent interlocking ring grooves D3, and an interlocking shaft D2 is radially passed through the interlocking ring groove D3 of the middle shift fork shaft A, and the axes of the interlocking shaft D2 are perpendicular to and intersect with the axes of the three shift fork shafts A; they cooperate with each other to realize the interlocking function of the other two shift fork shafts A after any outer shift fork shaft A is engaged.

[0075] The ends of the three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are also provided with a gear monitoring unit E. The gear monitoring unit E includes a magnet E1 arranged at the end of each shift fork shaft A, and also includes a displacement sensor E2 fixed on the shell corresponding to each magnet E1 in sequence. When the shift fork shaft A drives the magnet E1 to move axially, the magnetic field change is converted into a voltage signal of the displacement sensor E2, which is used to monitor the gear position of each shift fork shaft.

[0076] This embodiment defines Figure 1 The guide blocks B in the middle are first and second gears, third and fourth gears, and fifth and sixth gears from left to right.

[0077] In neutral, the motor 1 does not work, the electromagnetic switches 4-5 are all powered off, the fork shaft A is in neutral, and the rotation direction of the lead screw nut 3 is not locked;

[0078] When receiving the command to shift into the second gear, the motor 1 rotates forward, the corresponding electromagnetic switches 4-5 of the first and second gears are energized, the rotation direction of the lead screw nut 3 of the first and second gears is locked, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the first and second gear guide block B and the first and second gear shift fork shaft A to move to the right; the rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, so the lead screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the lead screw 2, and there is no axial force on the guide block B; when the displacement sensor E2 detects the signal that the second gear is in place, the motor 1 and the first and second gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 stop working, and the gear shifting action is completed.

[0079] When receiving the command to shift into the fourth gear, the motor 1 rotates in the opposite direction, the electromagnetic switches 4-5 for the first and second gears are energized, the rotation direction of the lead screw nut 3 for the first and second gears is locked, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the guide block B for the first and second gears and the fork shaft A for the first and second gears to move to the left; the rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, so the lead screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the lead screw 2, and there is no axial force on the guide block B; when the displacement sensor E1 detects the signal that the second gear becomes neutral, the motor 1 stops working, the electromagnetic switches 4-5 for the first and second gears are de-energized, and the gear shift fork shaft A is completed. The gear shifting action is completed; the motor 1 rotates forward, the third and fourth gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 are energized, the third and fourth gear lead screw nut 3 is locked in rotation direction, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the third and fourth gear guide block B and the third and fourth gear shift fork shaft A to move to the right; the rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, so the lead screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the lead screw 2, and there is no axial force on the guide block B; when the displacement sensor E2 detects the fourth gear in-position signal, the motor 1 and the third and fourth gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 stop working, and the gear shifting action is completed.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] This embodiment discloses a gearbox shifting device, including a fork shaft A parallel to the axis of the screw 2, and also includes three guide blocks B coaxially and loosely sleeved on the fork shaft A in sequence, and also includes a single-power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0082] This embodiment is a single fork shaft solution. Multiple gears (4 gears, 6 gears and above) share one fork shaft. The guide block (or fork) is loosely mounted on the fork shaft A. A magnet E1 is installed on each guide block B. A displacement sensor E2 is also provided to identify the position of each gear.

[0083] like Fig. 9 As shown, the present embodiment also includes a self-locking unit C of a single shift fork shaft, and the self-locking unit C includes a self-locking ball socket C3 provided on the side wall of each guide block B. In the present embodiment, preferably, each guide block B is provided with three self-locking ball sockets C3, which correspond to corresponding gear positions respectively, and the center connecting line of each locking ball socket C3 is parallel to the axis of the shift fork shaft A; the self-locking unit C also includes a self-locking pin C4 corresponding to each guide block B respectively, which cooperates to realize the self-locking function of the guide block B of the gear position after the gear is engaged.

[0084] When the present embodiment selects the single power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism of embodiment 3, the working logic is as follows:

[0085] like Figure 7 , currently it is in the first gear position, that is, the circumferential limiting convex part of the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 of all gears does not contact the circumferential limiting groove of the screw nut 3, and does not limit the rotation of the screw nut 3. The middle groove of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth gear limiting plate 4-55 cooperates with the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3 to limit the axial movement of the screw nut 2 and maintain it in the neutral position. The side of the groove of the first and second gear limiting plate 4-55 cooperates with the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3 to limit the axial movement of the screw nut 3 and maintain it in the first gear position

[0086] When shifting to the fifth gear, the circumferential limit convex part of the conical end of the first and second gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts with the circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3, limiting the rotation of the screw nut 3 of this gear, and the groove of the first and second gear limit plate 4-55 separates from the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3, and the shift motor 1 rotates to push the first and second gear screw nuts 3 and the first and second gear guide blocks B (shift forks) to move in the neutral direction. After the displacement sensor detects the neutral shift signal, the circumferential limit convex part of the conical end of the first and second gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 separates from the groove of the screw nut, and the middle groove of the first and second gear limit plate 4-55 contacts with the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3, so that the first and second gears are maintained in the neutral position.

[0087] During this process, the third and fourth gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 is not energized, the tapered end of the electromagnetic switch and the limit plate 4-55 are maintained in the neutral position, the middle groove of the limit plate 4-55 cooperates with the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3 to limit the axial movement of the screw nut 3, the screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the motor 1 shaft and the screw 2, and the guide block B (shift fork) does not move axially.

[0088] After the first and second gears return to the neutral position, the circumferential limit convex part of the conical end of the fifth and sixth gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts the circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3, limiting the rotation of the screw nut 3, and the middle groove of the fifth and sixth gear limit plate 4-55 separates from the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3, and the shift motor 1 rotates to push the fifth and sixth gear screw nut 3 and the fifth and sixth gear guide block B (shift fork) to move in the fifth gear direction. After the displacement sensor monitors the shift in place signal, the circumferential limit convex part of the conical end of the fifth and sixth gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 separates from the circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3, and the side of the groove of the fifth and sixth gear limit plate 4-55 contacts the convex ring 3-1 of the screw nut 3, so that the fifth and sixth gears are maintained in the fifth gear position.

[0089] The shifting logic for other gears is the same as above. According to the characteristics of this structure, the gears can be shifted arbitrarily and in an unordered manner. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on at a time, after one gear returns to neutral, the other gear is engaged. Therefore, the possibility of engaging double gears is eliminated. The gear interlocking function is provided to ensure driving safety.

[0090] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0091] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0092] In addition, the various different implementation modes disclosed in this solution may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content invented by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A single power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power source (1) and a lead screw (2) which are coaxially connected, three lead screw nuts (3) are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw (2) in sequence, a plurality of circumferential limit grooves parallel to the axis of the lead screw nut (3) are arranged on the outer circumference of the lead screw nut (3), a convex ring (3-1) having an outer diameter greater than that of the lead screw nut (3) is coaxially provided on the lead screw nut (3), and each convex ring (3-1) is axially limit-connected with each guide block (B) in sequence; It also includes three limit control units (4) corresponding to the three lead screw nuts (3) in sequence, the limit control unit (4) including a circumferential limit convex portion matching the circumferential limit groove structure, the circumferential limit convex portion being in movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove.

2. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit control unit (4) also includes a follower rod (4-1), a first return spring (4-2), a limit lock pin (4-4) and an electromagnetic switch (4-5); One end of the first return spring (4-2) is fixed in a limited position, the other end of the first return spring (4-2) is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod (4-1), and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw (2), the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the other end of the follower rod (4-1), and when the first return spring (4-2) is in a natural state, the circumferential limit convex portion is located in and in contact with any circumferential limit groove; an annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the middle section of the follower rod (4-1), the limit lock pin (4-4) is located between the follower rod (4-1) and the electromagnetic switch (4-5), and the axes of the follower rod (4-1) and the electromagnetic switch (4-5) are both perpendicular to the axis of the limit lock pin (4-4); When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) contacts one end of the limit lock pin (4-4) and pushes the limit lock pin (4-4) to move along its own axis toward the follower rod (4-1). At this time, the other end of the limit lock pin (4-4) is in limit contact with the annular groove of the follower rod (4-1), and the circumferential limit convex portion is in limit contact with any circumferential limit groove.

3. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit control unit (4) further comprises an electromagnetic switch (4-5) and a self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0), one end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0) being limit-hinged, a circumferential limit convex portion being connected to the other end of the self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0), and the electromagnetic switch (4-5) being located above the outer side of the arc surface of the self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0); When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) contacts the outer arc of the self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0), and pushes the self-resetting limit semi-ring (4-0) to rotate until the circumferential limit convex portion contacts any circumferential limit groove.

4. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit control unit (4) also includes an electromagnetic switch (4-5), wherein the inner cavity of a switch housing (4-51) of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet (4-53), a fixed magnet (4-52) and a second moving magnet (4-54) in sequence, and one end of the switch housing (4-51) is coaxially provided with a conical end connected to the first moving magnet (4-53), the circumferential limit convex portion is connected to the end of the conical end, and the side wall of the switch housing (4-51) is provided with a conical end connected to the second moving magnet (4-54). A limit plate (4-55) is connected to the switch housing (4-54), and a groove matching the side wall structure of the convex ring (3-1) is provided at the lower part of the limit plate (4-55); two limit bosses (4-56) are also provided in the switch housing (4-51), and a second return spring (4-57) is connected between each limit boss (4-56) and the inner wall of the switch housing (4-51), and the two limit bosses (4-56) are in movable limit contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively; When the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to contract, and the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively move along their axial direction away from the fixed magnet (4-52) until the circumferential limiting convex portion is in limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove, at which time the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to reset, and the two limiting bosses (4-56) are respectively in limiting contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54); When the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is turned on and reverse power is supplied, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to contract, and the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively move along their axial direction toward the fixed magnet (4-52) until the groove of the limiting plate (4-55) and the convex ring (3-1) are in limiting contact. At this time, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to reset, and the two limiting bosses (4-56) are in limiting contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively.

5. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The axis of the circumferential limiting convex portion is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw nut (3); the circumferential limiting convex portion can make reciprocating motion along its own axis and can be in movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

6. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each circumferential limiting groove is evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the lead screw nut (3).

7. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The convex ring (3-1) is located at the end of the screw nut (3).

8. A gearbox shifting device, characterized in that: It comprises three fork shafts (A) whose axes are coplanar and parallel to the axis of the lead screw (2), three guide blocks (B) respectively coaxially sleeved on the three fork shafts (A), and a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The gearbox shifting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a self-locking unit (C) and an interlocking unit (D) arranged at the ends of the three fork shafts (A).

10. A gearbox shifting device, characterized in that: It comprises a shift fork shaft (A) parallel to the axis of the lead screw (2), and also comprises three guide blocks (B) coaxially sleeved on the shift fork shaft (A) in sequence, and also comprises a single power source multi-gear disordered shift control mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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