Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell comprises a glass substrate, the glass substrate comprises a first area and second areas, the second areas are located on the two sides of the first area, and the first area forms a plurality of battery packs arranged at intervals on the glass substrate through a first conductive layer, a cell function layer and a second conductive layer, each battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries in series, and the second area forms a parallel structure used for connecting the battery packs in parallel on the glass substrate through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The perovskite solar cell provided by the invention has the characteristics of high series output voltage and high parallel current output, and the overall stability of a device is remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Among many emerging energy sources, solar energy is an unlimited and widely distributed natural resource. Its unique advantages make it increasingly prominent in the process of global energy transformation. Perovskite solar cells are widely cited due to their amazing efficiency growth rate, significant cost advantages and easy large-scale production.

[0003] However, perovskite cells in the prior art mostly adopt a series structure. Since their working efficiency is determined by the sub-cell with the lowest efficiency, it is easy for excess carriers generated in other sub-cells to accumulate in the device junction, resulting in poor device stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a perovskite solar cell to improve the stability of the device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0006] A glass substrate comprises a first region and a second region, wherein the second region is located on both sides of the first region, wherein the first region forms a plurality of spaced battery groups on the glass substrate through a first conductive layer, a battery functional layer, and a second conductive layer, wherein the battery groups are composed of a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries connected in series, and wherein the second region forms a parallel structure for connecting the battery groups in parallel on the glass substrate through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

[0007] Furthermore, a battery group dividing groove is arranged between each of the battery groups, and the extending direction is the same as the extending direction of the battery group, and the battery group dividing groove penetrates through the glass substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a first groove that penetrates and extends out of the first conductive layer, and the cell functional layer extends into the first groove.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a second groove that penetrates and extends out of the battery functional layer, and the second conductive layer extends into the second groove.

[0010] Furthermore, a third groove penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer and the second conductive layer is provided between the perovskite sub-cells.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0012] Prepare a first conductive layer in the battery region of the glass substrate;

[0013] Cutting the first conductive layer using a laser to form a first groove and a battery pack dividing groove, wherein the first groove and the battery pack dividing groove divide the first conductive layer into a plurality of blocks distributed in rows and columns;

[0014] Prepare a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0015] Using laser cutting to form second grooves corresponding to each of the first grooves and penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer;

[0016] Removing the battery functional layer located in the test area;

[0017] Preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0018] Laser cutting is used to form third grooves corresponding to each of the first grooves, penetrating and extending from the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer, and the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer above the battery pack dividing grooves in the battery area are removed.

[0019] Furthermore, the glass substrate includes a flexible PET substrate or a PEN substrate.

[0020] Furthermore, the first conductive layer includes any one of an ITO transparent conductive electrode, a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode, and the second conductive layer includes any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

[0021] Furthermore, the battery functional layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer; wherein the hole transport layer includes any one of PTAA, Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ, the perovskite layer includes any one of FAPbI3, CsFAMA and MAPbI3, and the ion transport layer is one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, SnO2.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared using the perovskite solar cell preparation method as described above.

[0023] A perovskite solar cell of the present application has the characteristics of high series output voltage and high parallel current output, which significantly enhances the overall stability of the device.

[0024] A perovskite solar cell of the present application is prepared by using a laser cutting method to form a pre-pattern, which solves the problem of voltage mismatch of the perovskite four-terminal battery and provides technical support for the subsequent development of stacked batteries.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation of the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 A top view of the perovskite solar cell of Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Left view of;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the process of preparing a perovskite solar cell according to Example 2 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 is a top view of the device after step S102;

[0034] Figure 8 is a front view of the device after step S102;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a left view of the device after step S102;

[0036] Fig.10 is a front view of the device after step S103;

[0037] Fig.11 is a left view of the device after step S103;

[0038] Fig.12 is a top view of the device after step S104;

[0039] Fig.13 is a front view of the device after step S104;

[0040] Fig.14 is a top view of the device after step S105;

[0041] Fig.15 is a front view of the device after step S105;

[0042] Fig.16 for Fig.14 Cross-sectional view in CC direction;

[0043] Fig.17 is a front view of the device after step S106;

[0044] Fig.18 is a top view of the device after step S107;

[0045] Fig.19 is a front view of the device after step S107;

[0046] Fig. 20 for Fig.18 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0047] Fig.21 for Fig.18 Cross-sectional view along the BB axis.

[0048] In the figure: 100 - glass substrate, 200 - first conductive layer, 201 - first groove, 300 - battery functional layer, 301 - second groove, 400 - second conductive layer, 401 - third groove, 402 - battery pack dividing groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present application are only for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0050] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method implementation of the present application can be performed in different orders and / or performed in parallel. In addition, the method implementation may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present application is not limited in this respect.

[0051] The term "including" and its variations used herein are open inclusions, i.e., "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description.

[0052] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in this application are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more". "Plurality" should be understood as two or more.

[0053] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 1 ,include:

[0056] The glass substrate 100 includes a first area, namely a battery area, and a second area, namely a test area. The test area is located on both sides of the battery area. The battery area forms a plurality of spaced battery groups on the glass substrate 100 through a first conductive layer 200, a battery functional layer 300, and a second conductive layer 400. The battery group is composed of a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries connected in series. The test area forms a parallel structure for connecting the battery groups in parallel on the glass substrate through the first conductive layer 200 and the second conductive layer 400.

[0057] See also Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, a battery group dividing groove 402 extending in the same direction as the battery group is provided between each battery group, and the battery group dividing groove 402 penetrates the glass substrate 100 .

[0058] See also Figure 2 Each perovskite sub-cell includes a first groove 201 that penetrates and extends out of the first conductive layer 200 , and the cell functional layer 300 extends into the first groove 201 .

[0059] See also Figure 2 The perovskite sub-cell includes a second groove 301 that penetrates and extends out of the cell functional layer 300 , and the second conductive layer 400 extends into the second groove 301 .

[0060] See also Figure 2 A third groove 401 is provided between the perovskite sub-cells, penetrating and extending from the cell functional layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400 .

[0061] In this embodiment, the glass substrate 100 includes a flexible PET substrate or a PEN substrate.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first conductive layer 200 includes any one of an ITO transparent conductive electrode, a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode.

[0063] In this embodiment, the battery functional layer 300 includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer.

[0064] In this embodiment, the hole transport layer includes any one of PTAA, Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ, and 4PACZ.

[0065] In this embodiment, the perovskite layer includes any one of FAPbI3, CsFAMA and MAPbI3.

[0066] In this embodiment, the ion transport layer is one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, and SnO2.

[0067] In this embodiment, the second conductive layer 400 is any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode, and a C electrode.

[0068] In this embodiment, two battery groups are connected in parallel, and each battery group is composed of five perovskite sub-batteries connected in series.

[0069] In other embodiments, the operating voltage and current can be adjusted by changing the number of battery groups and the number of perovskite sub-cells connected in series in each battery group.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] One embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, referring to Figure 6 ,include:

[0072] Step S101: preparing a first conductive layer in the battery area of ​​the glass substrate;

[0073] In this embodiment, the prepared first conductive layer 200 is a transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode with a thickness of 150 nanometers.

[0074] In some other embodiments, the prepared first conductive layer 200 may also be any one of a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode.

[0075] Step S102: using a laser to cut the first conductive layer to form a first groove and a battery pack dividing groove, wherein the first groove and the battery pack dividing groove divide the first conductive layer into a plurality of blocks distributed in rows and columns.

[0076] It can be understood that the number of battery pack dividing grooves corresponds to the number of battery packs formed subsequently, and the number of first grooves corresponds to the number of sub-batteries formed subsequently.

[0077] In this embodiment, the laser used is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064 nanometers.

[0078] In this embodiment, after the battery pack dividing grooves and the first grooves are formed, ultrasonic cleaning is performed using deionized water, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in sequence, and then ultraviolet ozone treatment is performed to ensure the wettability of the first conductive layer ITO electrode.

[0079] The device structure after step S102 is shown in FIG. Figure 7-Figure 9 .

[0080] Step S103: preparing a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0081] In this embodiment, the battery functional layer 300 includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer.

[0082] In this embodiment, first, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) as a hole transport layer is deposited on the device surface at a concentration of 2 mg / ml by a slit coating method and annealed at 100° C. for 10 minutes.

[0083] Then, a FAPbI3 perovskite layer was deposited on the hole transport layer with a perovskite precursor solution concentration of 1.1 M and annealed at 150 °C for 15 min.

[0084] Finally, 20 nm of C60 and 8 nm of BCP were deposited on the FAPbI3 perovskite layer by thermal evaporation as ion transport layers.

[0085] In some other embodiments, the hole transport layer may also be any one of Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ.

[0086] In some other embodiments, the perovskite layer may also be any one of CsFAMA and MAPbI3.

[0087] In some other embodiments, the ion transport layer may also include one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, and SnO2.

[0088] See 10- Fig.11 , the battery functional layer 300 is also formed in the first trench 201 .

[0089] Step S104: using laser cutting to form second grooves corresponding to each of the first grooves and penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer;

[0090] In this embodiment, the second groove 301 is cut using a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm.

[0091] The schematic diagram of the structure of the device after step S104 is shown in FIG. Figure 12-13 .

[0092] Step S105: removing the battery functional layer located in the test area;

[0093] In this embodiment, a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used to remove the battery functional layer.

[0094] See also Figure 14-15 After step S105, only the first conductive layer and the battery pack dividing groove 202 exist in the test area.

[0095] Step S106: preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device;

[0096] In this embodiment, silver is deposited on the ion transport layer and in the second groove 301 to a thickness of 80 nm as the second conductive layer 400 by thermal evaporation.

[0097] In some other embodiments, the second conductive layer 400 may also be any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

[0098] See also Fig.17 , the second conductive layer 400 extends into the second trench 301 .

[0099] S107: using laser cutting to form third grooves corresponding to the first grooves, penetrating through and extending the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer, and removing the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer above the battery pack dividing grooves in the battery area;

[0100] In this embodiment, a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is used to cut and remove the second conductive layer 400 and the battery function layer 300 .

[0101] The structure of the perovskite solar cell obtained after step S107 is shown in FIG. Figure 18-Figure 21 .

[0102] The preparation method of the present application can adaptively select the number of battery packs and perovskite sub-cells according to the required adjusted working voltage and current.

[0103] The preparation method of the present application can adjust the sub-cells connected in series and parallel according to the effective uniform range of the perovskite sub-cells to improve the uniformity of the sub-cell current, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0104] The perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of the present application can increase the short-circuit current of the perovskite solar cell when in use, avoid carrier accumulation, and thus simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0105] Example 3

[0106] One embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, which is prepared using the perovskite solar cell preparation method as described above.

[0107] The above description is only a partial embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above disclosed concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application (but not limited to) by each other to form a technical solution.

[0108] In addition, although each operation is described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order. Under certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although some specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. Some features described in the context of a separate embodiment can also be implemented in a single embodiment in combination. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in any suitable sub-combination mode.

[0109] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological logical actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. On the contrary, the specific features and actions described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: A glass substrate comprises a first region and a second region, wherein the second region is located on both sides of the first region, wherein the first region forms a plurality of spaced battery groups on the glass substrate through a first conductive layer, a battery functional layer, and a second conductive layer, wherein the battery groups are composed of a plurality of perovskite sub-batteries connected in series, and wherein the second region forms a parallel structure for connecting the battery groups in parallel on the glass substrate through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that A battery group dividing groove is arranged between each of the battery groups, and the extending direction is the same as the extending direction of the battery group. The battery group dividing groove penetrates through the glass substrate.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a first groove penetrating through and extending out of the first conductive layer, and the cell functional layer extends into the first groove.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the perovskite sub-cells includes a second groove penetrating through and extending out of the cell functional layer, and the second conductive layer extends into the second groove.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third groove is arranged between the perovskite sub-cells, penetrating through and extending out of the cell functional layer and the second conductive layer.

6. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: include: Prepare a first conductive layer in the battery region of the glass substrate; Cutting the first conductive layer using a laser to form a first groove and a battery pack dividing groove, wherein the first groove and the battery pack dividing groove divide the first conductive layer into a plurality of blocks distributed in rows and columns; Prepare a battery functional layer on the upper surface of the device; Using laser cutting to form second grooves corresponding to each of the first grooves and penetrating through and extending out of the battery functional layer; Removing the battery functional layer located in the test area; Preparing a second conductive layer on the upper surface of the device; Laser cutting is used to form third grooves corresponding to each of the first grooves, penetrating and extending from the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer, and the second conductive layer and the battery functional layer above the battery pack dividing grooves in the battery area are removed.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glass substrate includes a flexible PET substrate or a PEN substrate.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first conductive layer includes any one of an ITO transparent conductive electrode, a FTO electrode and an AZO electrode, and the second conductive layer includes any one of a Cu electrode, an Au electrode and a C electrode.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery functional layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an ion transport layer; wherein the hole transport layer includes any one of PTAA, Meo-2PACZ, 2PACZ and 4PACZ, the perovskite layer includes any one of FAPbI3, CsFAMA and MAPbI3, and the ion transport layer is one or more of C60, BCP, PCBM, Bphen, Alq3, ZnO, SnO2.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 9.

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