A Method and Apparatus for Typhoon Boundary Layer Wind Profile Inversion Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion
By combining wind-measuring lidar with ground stations to obtain low-altitude wind profiles, and wind profiler radar with wind-measuring lidar to obtain upper-altitude wind profiles, the problem of blind-zone inversion of the typhoon boundary layer has been solved, and continuous inversion of wind profiles at all altitudes has been achieved, improving the accuracy of typhoon track and intensity forecasts.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QINGDAO MARINE METEOROLOGICAL RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
Smart Images
Figure CN119199883B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This document relates to the field of typhoon boundary layer wind profile technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion based on multi-source data fusion. Background Technology
[0002] Typhoons, as one of the most severe meteorological disasters, cause significant damage to coastal areas. Therefore, accurate prediction of typhoon tracks and intensities is crucial. Research on wind field observations and vertical structure of the typhoon boundary layer is of great significance for improving boundary layer parameterization schemes in numerical weather prediction models, deepening our understanding of typhoon evolution mechanisms, and enhancing the forecasting accuracy of typhoon paths and intensities.
[0003] Currently, the main equipment used for vertical observation of typhoon boundary layer wind fields includes radiosondes, GPS drop-sondes, anemometers, wind profiler radars, and wind-measuring lidars. The ability to detect wind fields using a single device is relatively limited: radiosondes are currently the primary method for global wind profiler detection, but they are typically deployed twice a day, morning and evening, resulting in low data acquisition rates and an inability to effectively capture the boundary layer wind field distribution characteristics at various stages of typhoon evolution; GPS drop-sondes are mostly mounted on aircraft platforms for intensive observations during typhoon landfall, but the observation costs are high and they cannot perform long-term continuous observations; anemometers are mostly installed on fixed meteorological observation towers, enabling continuous near-surface wind field detection, but their observation range is limited to below 300m due to tower height constraints; wind profiler radars and wind-measuring lidars have similar observation principles and can both achieve continuous vertical detection of boundary layer wind fields. However, wind profiler radar has a large near-ground blind zone, with a tropospheric wind profiler radar having a blind zone of 150m and a low range resolution of 120m, resulting in a weak ability to detect fine structures in wind fields. Wind-measuring lidar has advantages such as high precision and high spatiotemporal resolution in wind field detection, and its detection capability can basically cover the boundary layer in clear weather. However, its detection range will be greatly reduced in the rainy weather when a typhoon makes landfall, and it can usually only reach a few hundred meters.
[0004] Therefore, existing technologies cannot achieve continuous inversion of typhoon boundary layer wind profiles without blind spots under various weather conditions. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a method and apparatus for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion is provided, comprising:
[0007] S1, Measurement height H based on ground automatic measuring station start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidarlow Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations;
[0008] S2, Maximum detectable height H based on wind-measuring lidar high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles;
[0009] S3. Combine the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile that covers the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion is provided, comprising:
[0011] Low-altitude fusion module, based on the measurement height H of ground automatic measurement stations start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations;
[0012] The high-altitude fusion module, based on the maximum detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar. high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles;
[0013] The wind profile inversion module combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0014] By employing the embodiments of this invention, the shortcomings of using a single device for typhoon boundary layer wind field detection are overcome. Data fusion fully leverages the advantages of three technical means: the near-ground wind field detection capability of ground stations, the fine structure detection capability of boundary layer wind fields using wind-measuring lidar, and the long-range detection capability of wind profiler radar under heavy precipitation conditions. This achieves full-height wind profile inversion from the ground to a preset altitude range under different weather conditions. Research on typhoon boundary layer wind field observation and its vertical structure is of great significance for improving boundary layer parameterization schemes in numerical weather prediction models, deepening the understanding of typhoon evolution mechanisms, and enhancing the forecasting accuracy of typhoon paths and intensities. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification or in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of interpolation to supplement low-altitude wind speeds in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the time-height-intensity changes of wind speed and wind direction measured by a wind-measuring lidar during the passage of a certain typhoon A, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the time-altitude-intensity changes of wind speed and wind direction after the fusion of wind-measuring lidar and wind profiler radar during the passage of a certain typhoon A, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific implementation of the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion, as described in this embodiment of the invention.
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion system based on multi-source data fusion, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of the embodiments. Based on one or more embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this document.
[0023] Method Implementation Examples
[0024] According to embodiments of the present invention, a method for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion is provided. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion in this embodiment of the invention specifically includes:
[0025] S1, Measurement height H based on ground automatic measuring station start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations;
[0026] S1 specifically includes:
[0027] Obtain the starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low And wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at altitude is used to obtain the measurement altitude H of the automatic ground measuring station. start H is obtained using ground-based automatic measurement stations start Wind speed at high altitudes, for H start To H low Wind speeds within the altitude range are supplemented by interpolation to obtain low-altitude wind profiles.
[0028] S2, Maximum detectable height H based on wind-measuring lidar high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles;
[0029] S2 specifically includes:
[0030] S21. If the furthest detectable altitude of the wind-measuring lidar is H... high Greater than the preset height H end In this case, wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile;
[0031] S22, If the furthest detectable altitude of the wind-measuring lidar is H high Less than the preset height H end In this case, a combination of wind profiler radar and wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile.
[0032] S21 specifically includes:
[0033] Extracting the farthest detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar high If H high Greater than the preset height H end H is then measured using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the altitude range, according to the aforementioned H low To H end Wind speed acquisition H within the altitude range low To Hend Wind profiles within a certain altitude range are considered upper-level wind profiles.
[0034] S22 specifically includes:
[0035] If H high Less than the preset height H end H was obtained using wind profiler radar. high To H end The first upper-level wind profile was obtained by measuring wind speeds within the specified altitude range, and H was obtained using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H high A second upper-level wind profile is obtained by measuring wind speeds within a certain altitude range, and an upper-level wind profile is obtained by fusing the first and second upper-level wind profiles.
[0036] S3. Combine the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile that covers the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0037] After the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile are output separately, they are merged to output a blind-spot-free wind profile that covers the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0038] Figure 5 The following is a flowchart illustrating the specific implementation of the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion in this embodiment:
[0039] The input data consists of three parts: horizontal wind speed measured at 10m by a ground-based automatic weather station with a time resolution of 1h; wind profile measured by a wind-measuring lidar, with a starting height typically tens of meters, a maximum detection distance depending on atmospheric conditions, a spatial resolution of 15m, and a time resolution of 1min; and wind profile measured by a wind profiler radar, with a starting height typically 150m, a maximum detection distance depending on atmospheric conditions, a spatial resolution of 120m, and a time resolution of 6min.
[0040] This method includes two modules: low-altitude fusion and high-altitude fusion. The wind profiles measured by both wind lidar and wind profiler radar are uniformly averaged over 1 hour to remove the influence of small-scale fluctuations.
[0041] First, based on the input data, the measurement height of the ground automatic measuring station and the starting measurement height of the wind-measuring lidar are obtained. For example, the starting measurement height H of the wind-measuring lidar is extracted. low Based on the 10m wind speed measured by the ground station, the wind speed range from 10m to H was analyzed. low The wind speed within this height range is interpolated and supplemented using cubic spline interpolation, a method with relatively stable interpolation results.
[0042] Taking the average wind speed at location X from 05:00 to 06:00 on July 28, 2023 as an example, the observation of the wind-measuring lidar has a low-altitude blind zone, with a starting measurement height of 88m. Before low-altitude fusion, below the starting measurement height of the wind-measuring lidar, there are only the wind speeds measured at a height of 10m by the ground automatic station and the wind speeds measured at 88m by the wind-measuring lidar. The low-altitude fusion module uses cubic spline interpolation, and the spatial resolution after interpolation is 15m. After interpolation, the wind speed profile from 10m to 88m is obtained. The specific wind speed values are shown in the table below, and the wind speed results before and after interpolation are shown in Table 1. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of interpolation to supplement low-altitude wind speeds in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] Table 1 Wind speeds before and after interpolation
[0044]
[0045] For the upper-level fusion module, the input data comes from wind-measuring lidar and wind profiler radar. The two devices operate on similar principles, but the spatial resolution of wind-measuring lidar is much smaller than that of wind profiler radar, providing more detailed observations of the boundary layer wind field structure. Therefore, the farthest detection height H of the wind-measuring lidar is first extracted. high If H under current atmospheric conditions high For distances ≥2km, the H measured by the wind-measuring lidar can be directly extracted. low A wind profile of approximately 2 km is used as the upper-level wind profile output. Typhoon landfall often brings heavy rainfall, which significantly attenuates the laser pulses emitted by the wind-measuring lidar, thus limiting its maximum detection height H. high It will also decay significantly when H high When <2km, H high Wind speeds within a 2km altitude range need to be supplemented by wind profiler radar observations. Based on wind profiler radar observations, the location of wind speeds within the range of H should be determined first. high closest height H RWP At this point, the output upper-level wind profile is obtained by fusing the observation results from the wind-measuring lidar and the wind profiler radar, where H low ~H high The wind profiles for the altitude range are derived from wind-measuring lidar, H RWP The wind profile in the ~2km altitude range is derived from wind profiler radar.
[0046] Figure 3 This data represents the changes in horizontal wind speed and direction observed by an X-ray lidar at a certain location from July 27th to July 30th, 2023. The horizontal axis represents time, the vertical axis represents altitude, and the color scale indicates the numerical values of horizontal wind speed and direction. Figure 3It can be seen that before the typhoon made landfall (July 27), the wind-measuring lidar could basically meet the requirements for high-precision, high spatiotemporal resolution wind field detection within the boundary layer; however, during and after the typhoon's landfall (July 28 to July 30), due to the heavy rainfall brought by the typhoon, the detection range of the wind-measuring lidar was severely attenuated, and was less than 500m during the period from 05:00 to 15:00 on July 28. By using the data fusion method described in this embodiment of the invention to fuse the observation results of the wind-measuring lidar and the wind profiler radar, the inversion results of horizontal wind speed and wind direction are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. According to Figure 4 It can be seen that throughout the entire typhoon landfall cycle, the changes in horizontal wind speed and direction within the entire atmospheric boundary layer can be fully captured.
[0047] Finally, after the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile are output separately, they are merged to output a blind-spot-free wind profile that covers the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0048] By employing the embodiments of the present invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
[0049] This method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional single-device typhoon boundary layer wind field detection, including the fact that ground stations can only provide near-surface observations and cannot achieve vertical profile observations of the boundary layer wind field; wind-measuring lidar has near-ground blind zones and its detection range is severely attenuated under heavy precipitation, making it unable to cover the boundary layer; and wind profiler radar has large near-ground blind zones and high range resolution, but its ability to detect wind fields in detail needs to be improved.
[0050] By combining observations and data fusion from wind lidar, wind profiler radar, and ground automatic stations, continuous inversion of typhoon boundary layer wind profiles without blind spots was achieved under various weather conditions. The inversion range covers the entire boundary layer height with no blind spots near the ground, and achieves fine structural detection of the vertical wind field profile within the boundary layer to the greatest extent possible. This provides data and technical support for boundary layer dynamics research. The applicability of this method is not limited to typhoon conditions but is universally applicable under various weather conditions.
[0051] For near-ground blind spots in radar observation, in addition to ground-based automatic stations, devices including but not limited to ultrasonic anemometers and cup anemometers mounted on fixed wind measurement towers can also provide near-ground wind field observations. These devices can be fused with the detection data from wind measurement lidar and wind profiler radar using a similar technical approach to this scheme.
[0052] Device Examples
[0053] According to embodiments of the present invention, a device for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion is provided. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
[0054] Low-altitude fusion module 60, based on the measurement height H of the ground automatic measurement station start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations;
[0055] High-altitude fusion module 62, based on wind-measuring lidar, has a maximum detectable altitude H. high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles;
[0056] The wind profile inversion module 64 combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer.
[0057] The low-altitude fusion module is specifically used for:
[0058] Obtain the starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low And wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at altitude is used to obtain the measurement altitude H of the automatic ground measuring station. start H is obtained using ground-based automatic measurement stations start Wind speed at high altitudes, for H start To H low Wind speeds within the altitude range are supplemented by interpolation to obtain low-altitude wind profiles.
[0059] The high-altitude fusion module specifically includes:
[0060] The first high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable altitude H of the wind-measuring lidar... high Greater than the preset height H end In this case, wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile;
[0061] The second high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable altitude H of the wind-measuring lidar... high Less than the preset height H end In this case, a combination of wind profiler radar and wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile.
[0062] The first high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for:
[0063] Extracting the farthest detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar high If H high Greater than the preset height Hend H is then measured using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the altitude range, according to the aforementioned H low To H end Wind speed acquisition H within the altitude range low To H end Wind profiles within a certain altitude range are considered upper-level wind profiles.
[0064] The second high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for:
[0065] If H high Less than the preset height H end H was obtained using wind profiler radar. high To H end The first upper-level wind profile was obtained by measuring wind speeds within the specified altitude range, and H was obtained using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H high A second upper-level wind profile is obtained by measuring wind speeds within a certain altitude range, and an upper-level wind profile is obtained by fusing the first and second upper-level wind profiles.
[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that... include: S1, Measurement height H based on ground automatic measuring station start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations; S2, Maximum detectable height H based on wind-measuring lidar high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles; S3. Combine the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile that covers the entire height of the boundary layer; S2 specifically includes: S21. If the furthest detectable altitude of the wind-measuring lidar is H... high Greater than the preset height H end In this case, wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile; S22, If the furthest detectable altitude of the wind-measuring lidar is H high Less than the preset height H end In this case, a combination of wind profiler radar and wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile. S22 specifically includes: If H high Less than the preset height H end H was obtained using wind profiler radar. high To H end The first upper-level wind profile was obtained by measuring wind speeds within the specified altitude range, and H was obtained using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H high A second upper-level wind profile is obtained by measuring wind speeds within a certain altitude range, and an upper-level wind profile is obtained by fusing the first and second upper-level wind profiles.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: Obtain the starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low And wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at altitude is used to obtain the measurement altitude H of the automatic ground measuring station. start H is obtained using ground-based automatic measurement stations start Wind speed at high altitudes, for H start To H low Wind speeds within the altitude range are supplemented by interpolation to obtain low-altitude wind profiles.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S21 specifically includes: Extracting the farthest detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar high If H high Greater than the preset height H end H is then measured using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the altitude range, according to the aforementioned H low To H end Wind speed acquisition H within the altitude range low To H end Wind profiles within a certain altitude range are considered upper-level wind profiles.
4. A device for inverting typhoon boundary layer wind profiles based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that... include: Low-altitude fusion module, based on the measurement height H of ground automatic measurement stations start The starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low Low-altitude wind profiles are obtained by combining wind-measuring lidar with ground-based automatic measurement stations; The high-altitude fusion module, based on the maximum detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar. high With preset height H end The comparison results were obtained by measuring H using a combination of wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, and obtain upper-level wind profiles; The wind profile inversion module combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer; The high-altitude fusion module specifically includes: The first high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable altitude H of the wind-measuring lidar... high Greater than the preset height H end In this case, wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile; The second high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable altitude H of the wind-measuring lidar... high Less than the preset height H end In this case, a combination of wind profiler radar and wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain the upper-level wind profile. The second high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for: If H high Less than the preset height H end H was obtained using wind profiler radar. high To H end The first upper-level wind profile was obtained by measuring wind speeds within the specified altitude range, and H was obtained using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H high A second upper-level wind profile is obtained by measuring wind speeds within a certain altitude range, and an upper-level wind profile is obtained by fusing the first and second upper-level wind profiles.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low-altitude fusion module is specifically used for: Obtain the starting height H of the wind-measuring lidar low And wind-measuring lidar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at altitude is used to obtain the measurement altitude H of the automatic ground measuring station. start H is obtained using ground-based automatic measurement stations start Wind speed at high altitudes, for H start To H low Wind speeds within the altitude range are supplemented by interpolation to obtain low-altitude wind profiles.
6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for: Extracting the farthest detectable height H of the wind-measuring lidar high If H high Greater than the preset height H end H is then measured using a wind-measuring lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the altitude range, according to the aforementioned H low To H end Wind speed acquisition H within the altitude range low To H end Wind profiles within a certain altitude range are considered upper-level wind profiles.