A method and apparatus for direction-of-arrival estimation based on hybrid one-bit quantization

Abstract

This application provides a direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising: acquiring a sensor signal and quantizing the signal; calculating the quantized signal using the covariance matrix and processing the calculated signal using a differential co-array to obtain a virtual signal vector; and processing the virtual signal vector using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction-of-arrival. By combining full one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization, more signal information can be effectively retained. The hybrid quantization strategy improves the DoA estimation accuracy while avoiding information loss, thereby enhancing the overall estimation accuracy and reliability. This method reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs by decreasing the complexity of the required hardware, while maintaining sufficient signal information to improve estimation accuracy, thus achieving a better balance between cost and performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sensing technology, and particularly relates to a method and apparatus for estimating direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization. Background Technology

[0002] Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation plays a crucial role in numerous applications, including wireless communications, radar, and sonar systems. Accurate signal localization is essential for the effectiveness of these techniques. DOA enables the implementation of advanced beamforming techniques, which minimize interference and improve signal quality by pointing the transmission or reception direction towards the target signal source, particularly in multi-user and multi-antenna systems. These capabilities can significantly improve system performance and capacity.

[0003] The closest existing quantization methods are full one-bit quantization and low-resolution quantization. Full one-bit quantization retains only the symbol portion of the signal, significantly reducing power consumption and hardware costs. While this method offers the advantage of lower hardware requirements, the loss of significant signal information due to the retention of only symbolic information limits its application in complex signal processing tasks. Due to information loss, the accuracy of full one-bit quantization in DoA estimation may be lower than that of high-precision quantization methods, affecting the accuracy of the estimation results. Low-resolution quantization retains more information than full one-bit quantization, but still faces challenges in terms of large data storage requirements and high computational complexity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization, including:

[0005] Acquire the signal from the sensor and quantize the signal;

[0006] The covariance matrix is ​​used to calculate the quantized signal, and the calculated signal is processed using a differential co-array to obtain a virtual signal vector.

[0007] The virtual signal vector is processed using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction of arrival.

[0008] Furthermore, the signal undergoes quantization processing, including:

[0009] The signal is divided into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal;

[0010] The fully quantized signal is subjected to full-precision quantization, the one-bit signal is subjected to one-bit quantization, and the symbol information is saved as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the calculation of the quantized signal using the covariance matrix includes:

[0012] The covariance is calculated using the standard covariance formula;

[0013] The covariance formula for one-bit quantization is used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of processing the calculated signal using a differential co-array to obtain a virtual signal vector includes:

[0015] The covariance matrix is ​​processed using differential coarray to generate the signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

[0016] This invention provides a direction-of-arrival estimation device based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising:

[0017] An acquisition module is used to acquire signals from the sensor and quantize the signals.

[0018] The processing module is used to calculate the quantized signal using the covariance matrix and to process the calculated signal using a differential array to obtain a virtual signal vector.

[0019] The execution module is used to process the virtual signal vector using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction of arrival.

[0020] Furthermore, the acquisition module includes:

[0021] The first processing submodule is used to divide the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal;

[0022] The second processing submodule is used to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the symbol information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0023] Furthermore, the processing module includes:

[0024] The first execution submodule is used to calculate the fully quantized signal using the standard covariance formula;

[0025] The second execution submodule is used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

[0026] Furthermore, the processing module also includes:

[0027] The third processing submodule is used to process the covariance matrix using differential coarray to generate the signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

[0028] The present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to perform the steps of the direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described above.

[0029] The present invention provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described above.

[0030] The Mixed One-bit Quantization method of this invention effectively preserves more signal information by combining full one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization. This mixed quantization strategy improves the accuracy of DoA estimation while avoiding information loss, thereby enhancing the overall accuracy and reliability of the estimation. The Mixed One-bit Quantization method provides a balance between effectively reducing power consumption and hardware costs and combining the advantages of full-precision quantization. This method reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs by decreasing the complexity of required hardware, while maintaining sufficient signal information to improve estimation accuracy, thus achieving a better balance between cost and performance. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the flow chart for preparing a direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising:

[0035] S1. Acquire the signal from the sensor and quantize the signal;

[0036] This invention obtains sensor signals from nested linear matrices. In practical applications, the signals can be transmitted to a computer via a data acquisition system or hardware device, such as a data acquisition card or sensor interface, to obtain the sensor signals.

[0037] Specifically, the quantization process for a signal includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Divide the signal into a full-precision quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal;

[0039] The signal is sampled and then divided into two parts: a full-precision quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal.

[0040] Step 2: Perform full-precision quantization on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization on a one-bit signal, and save the symbol information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to perform complete quantization of the signal. A one-bit quantization algorithm is applied to symbolize the real and imaginary parts of the signal, quantizing the signal into symbolic information (+1 or -1).

[0042] By using one-bit quantization to store only the symbol information of the data, the quantized signal array is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] in, and These represent the real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively.

[0045] S2. Calculate the quantized signal using the covariance matrix, and process the calculated signal using differential comatrix technology to obtain a virtual signal vector.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the covariance matrix is ​​used to calculate the quantized signal, including:

[0047] Step 1: Calculate the covariance of the fully quantized signal using the standard covariance formula;

[0048] Step 2: Calculate the covariance of the one-bit quantized signal using the one-bit quantization covariance formula to obtain the elements of the one-bit quantized signal covariance submatrix, where the i-th signal and the j-th signal are both one-bit quantized signals.

[0049]

[0050] Where, r i,j(1≤i,j≤M) represents the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements. Represents the variance of the signal. The real part of the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements is given by the expression. The imaginary part of the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements.

[0051] In addition, the mixed quantized signal is calculated using the following formula:

[0052] Where the i-th signal is the fully quantized signal after full-precision quantization, and the j-th signal is the signal after one-bit quantization, the formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] When the i-th signal is a one-bit quantized signal and the j-th signal is a fully quantized signal after full-precision quantization, the formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the calculated signal is processed using differential co-array technology to obtain the signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array, including:

[0057] Step 1: Calculate the difference comatrix;

[0058] Suppose there is a nested linear array of M sensors consisting of two subarrays. The positions of the array elements are:

[0059] S NLA ={d i |i=1,2,...,M}={0,1,2,...,M1-1,M1,2(M1+1)-1,...,M2(M1+1)-1}

[0060] Where M is the number of sensors, M1 is the number of sensors in the first subarray, M2 is the number of sensors in the second subarray, and d i Let be the distance between the i-th sensors.

[0061] D NLA ={(pq)│p,q∈S NLA}

[0062] Where p and q represent the p-th and q-th elements of the nested linear array, respectively, D NLA This represents a difference comatrix of nested linear arrays.

[0063] Step 2: Process the virtual array elements to generate the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

[0064] In theory, the covariance matrix Rmix is ​​transformed into a virtual signal vector.

[0065]

[0066] Where, r i,j (1≤i,j≤M) represents the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements; in practice, the theoretical value Rmix is ​​given by the following formula. Estimate:

[0067]

[0068] Where N represents the number of snapshots, x H (t) denotes the conjugate transpose of x(t).

[0069] S3. The signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array is processed using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction of arrival (DOA). In this embodiment, MATLAB's built-in functions are used for the calculation.

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the following technical fields:

[0071] Wireless communication, including: Base station and mobile terminal positioning: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods can be used for DoA estimation of base stations and mobile terminals in wireless communication systems. By improving positioning accuracy, network coverage and resource allocation can be optimized. Beamforming: Applying hybrid one-bit quantization in wireless communication systems can improve the performance of beamforming technology, enhance signal quality, reduce interference, and increase system capacity.

[0072] Radar systems include: Target detection and tracking: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods can be used for target detection and tracking in radar systems. By improving the accuracy of DoA estimation, the accuracy of target identification and tracking can be improved. Radar imaging: In radar imaging applications, accurate DoA estimation can enhance image resolution and sharpness, thereby improving the overall performance of the radar system.

[0073] Sonar systems include: Underwater target localization: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods are suitable for underwater target localization in sonar systems. By improving the accuracy of DoA estimation, underwater objects or organisms can be located more accurately. Sonar imaging: In sonar imaging, accurate DoA estimation can improve image clarity and resolution, enhancing the ability to detect underwater environments.

[0074] Autonomous driving includes: Environmental perception: Hybrid one-bit quantization can be applied to the environmental perception module of an autonomous driving system. By improving DoA estimation, it enhances the vehicle's ability to perceive its surroundings and improves driving safety. Sensor fusion: In autonomous driving systems, fusing hybrid one-bit quantization with data from other sensors can improve the overall performance and accuracy of the perception system.

[0075] Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) include: Traffic Monitoring: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods can be used for traffic monitoring and management in ITS. By improving DoA estimation, traffic flow monitoring and anomaly detection can be optimized. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication: In V2X, accurate DoA estimation can improve vehicle-to-vehicle communication and enhance the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0076] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems include: UAV localization and navigation: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods can be applied to localization and navigation in UAV systems, improving the accuracy of DoA estimation and thus enhancing the autonomous flight capability and navigation accuracy of UAVs. UAV swarm collaboration: In UAV swarm collaboration, accurate DoA estimation can enhance coordination and communication among UAVs, improving the efficiency and stability of swarm operations.

[0077] Smart sensors include: High-precision sensor networks: Hybrid one-bit quantization (HUBQ) is suitable for high-precision sensors in smart sensor networks. By improving DoA estimation, it can enhance the data acquisition and processing capabilities of the sensor network. Sensor fusion: In smart sensor systems, combining HUBQ with other data processing techniques can improve the overall performance and accuracy of the sensor system.

[0078] Satellite communications, including: Satellite signal localization: Hybrid one-bit quantization methods can be applied to signal localization and tracking in satellite communication systems, optimizing satellite signal reception and processing by improving the accuracy of DoA estimation. Satellite imaging: In satellite imaging applications, accurate DoA estimation can enhance image resolution and quality, improving the overall performance of the satellite imaging system.

[0079] The present invention provides a direction-of-arrival estimation device based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring a signal from a sensor and quantizing the signal; a processing module for calculating the quantized signal using a covariance matrix and processing the calculated signal using a differential co-array to obtain a virtual signal vector; and an execution module for processing the virtual signal vector using a MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

[0080] In some embodiments, the acquisition module includes: a first processing submodule, configured to divide the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; and a second processing submodule, configured to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the symbol information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0081] In some embodiments, the processing module includes: a first execution submodule for calculating the fully quantized signal using a standard covariance formula; and a second execution submodule for calculating the one-bit quantized signal using a one-bit quantization covariance formula.

[0082] In some embodiments, the processing module further includes a third processing submodule, configured to process the covariance matrix using a differential coarray to generate a signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

[0083] The Mixed One-bit Quantization (M1QC) device of this invention effectively retains more signal information by combining full one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization. This mixed quantization strategy improves DoA estimation accuracy while avoiding information loss, thereby enhancing the overall estimation accuracy and reliability. The M1QC method provides a balance between effectively reducing power consumption and hardware costs and combining the advantages of full-precision quantization. This method reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs by decreasing the complexity of required hardware, while maintaining sufficient signal information to improve estimation accuracy, thus achieving a better balance between cost and performance.

[0084] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention also provides a computer device. The computer device includes a processor, a non-volatile storage medium, a memory, and a network interface connected via a system bus. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a database, and computer-readable instructions. The database may store control information sequences. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor can implement a direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization. The processor of the computer device provides computational and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device. The memory of the computer device stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, can cause the processor to execute a direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization. The network interface of the computer device is used for communication with a terminal. In this embodiment, the processor executes the specific content of the acquisition module and the processing module, and the memory stores the program code and various types of data required to execute the above modules. The network interface is used for data transmission between the user terminal and the server. In this embodiment, the memory stores the program code and data required to execute all sub-modules in the image processing method, and the server can call the server's program code and data to execute the functions of all sub-modules.

[0085] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization described in any of the above embodiments.

[0086] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The aforementioned storage medium can be a non-volatile storage medium such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM).

[0087] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0088] The above description is only a partial embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization, characterized in that, include: Acquire the signal from the sensor and quantize the signal; The covariance matrix is ​​used to calculate the quantized signal, and the calculated signal is processed using a differential co-array to obtain a virtual signal vector. The virtual signal vector is processed using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction of arrival. The signal undergoes quantization processing, including: The signal is divided into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; The fully quantized signal is subjected to full-precision quantization, the one-bit quantized signal is subjected to one-bit quantization, and the symbol information is saved as a one-bit quantized signal. The calculation of the quantized signal using the covariance matrix includes: The covariance is calculated using the standard covariance formula; The covariance formula of one-bit quantization is used to calculate the elements of the one-bit quantized signal covariance submatrix, where the i-th signal and the j-th signal are both one-bit quantized signals. Where, r i,j (1≤i,j≤M) represents the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements. Represents the variance of the signal. The real part of the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements is given by the expression. The imaginary part of the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements. In addition, the mixed quantized signal is calculated using the following formula: Where the i-th signal is the fully quantized signal after full-precision quantization, and the j-th signal is the signal after one-bit quantization, the formula is as follows: When the i-th signal is a one-bit quantized signal and the j-th signal is a fully quantized signal after full-precision quantization, the formula is as follows:

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of using a differential common array to process the calculated signal to obtain a virtual signal vector includes: The covariance matrix is ​​processed using differential coarray to generate the signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

3. An apparatus for estimating direction of arrival based on the hybrid one-bit quantization method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, include: An acquisition module is used to acquire signals from the sensor and quantize the signals. The processing module is used to calculate the quantized signal using the covariance matrix and to process the calculated signal using a differential array to obtain a virtual signal vector. The execution module is used to process the virtual signal vector using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain the estimated direction of arrival.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The acquisition module includes: The first processing submodule is used to divide the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; The second processing submodule is used to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit quantized signal, and save the symbol information as a one-bit quantized signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The processing module includes: The first execution submodule is used to calculate the fully quantized signal using the standard covariance formula; The second execution submodule is used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The processing module further includes: The third processing submodule is used to process the covariance matrix using differential coarray to generate the signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing computer-readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

8. A storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the direction-of-arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

Images