Compound, perovskite solar cell, and electric device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a compound, a perovskite solar cell and a power utilization device, and the compound provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell or between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer. The compound takes a chain structure of a thiophene group or a chain structure of a benzothiophene group as a skeleton, and the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton to form a carrier transport channel, so that hole transport is facilitated; the electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected with a chain structure of a thiophene group or a chain structure of a benzothiophene group through C0-C8 alkane groups, so that the orbital energy level of the compound is adjusted, and when the compound provided by the invention is applied to a perovskite solar cell, perovskite materials with various energy levels can be matched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a compound, a perovskite solar cell and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells refer to cells that use perovskite materials as light-absorbing layer materials. Perovskite solar cells have received extensive attention and developed rapidly due to their significant performance advantages such as high light absorption coefficient, carrier mobility, and direct and adjustable optical band gap. However, existing compounds cannot match perovskite materials at multiple energy levels.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the technical problem that the compounds cannot match perovskite materials with multiple energy levels. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a compound, a perovskite solar cell and an electrical device, aiming to solve the technical problem that the hole transport layer cannot match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a compound, which is applied to the hole transport layer, the perovskite layer or between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer of a perovskite solar cell, the compound includes an Ar group, an R group and a Y group, several of the Ar groups are connected to form a main chain, the R group connects the Ar groups, and the Y group connects the R groups; wherein the chain structure of the Ar group includes the chain structure of a thiophene group and / or the chain structure of a benzothiophene group, the R group includes an alkane group of C0 to C8, the Y group includes an electron-rich group or an electron-withdrawing group, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0006] The compounds provided in the embodiments of the present application use the chain structure of a thiophene group or the chain structure of a benzothiophene group as a skeleton. The chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton to form a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission. The electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compounds provided in the present application are applied to perovskite solar cells, they can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0007] In any embodiment of the present application, the chain structure of the Ar group includes:

[0008]

[0009] at least one of .

[0010] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the chain structure of the Ar group is within the above range, and the formed chain structure has a conjugated skeleton, forming a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission.

[0011] In any embodiment of the present application, the Y group includes -H 2 PO 3 , —COOH, —NH 2 , —OH, —CHO, —C=NOH, —COOCH 3 , —OCH 3 , —F, —Cl, at least one of them.

[0012] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the Y group is within the above range, and the Y group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to a perovskite solar cell, it can match a variety of energy level perovskite materials.

[0013] In any embodiment of the present application, the molecular weight of the compound is 10,000 to 100,000.

[0014] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the molecular weight of the compound is within the above range, so that the compound has a suitable bandgap width, the material has good film-forming properties, and is conducive to hole transport. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to perovskite solar cells, it can match a variety of energy level perovskite materials.

[0015] The second technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a perovskite solar cell, comprising the compound as described above.

[0016] In the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the compound uses the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group as the skeleton to form a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission. The chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton, and the electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to perovskite solar cells, it can match perovskite materials of various energy levels.

[0017] In any embodiment of the present application, there is a passivation layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, and the passivation layer includes the compound as described above.

[0018] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is conducive to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to perovskite solar cells, it can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0019] In any embodiment of the present application, the hole transport layer includes the compound as described above.

[0020] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound provided in the present application is conducive to hole transport. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to perovskite solar cells, it can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0021] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite layer includes a perovskite material and the compound as described above, and the compound is dispersed in the perovskite material.

[0022] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound provided in the present application is conducive to hole transport. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to perovskite solar cells, it can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0023] In any embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the compound provided in the present application to the perovskite material is 1:3000 to 1:1000.

[0024] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the compound provided by the present application to the perovskite material is within the above-mentioned range, which can effectively passivate the defects of the perovskite bulk phase, while maintaining the original α-phase crystal structure of the perovskite. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to a perovskite solar cell, by controlling the mass ratio of the compound to the perovskite material within the above-mentioned range, it helps the carrier transport and the stability of the crystal structure.

[0025] In any embodiment of the present application, the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound is -5.25 to -5.41 eV.

[0026] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound provided in the present application is conducive to hole transport. The valence band energy level of common organic and inorganic lead halide perovskites is between -5.3eV and -5.5eV, and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound proposed in this case is in the range of -5.20eV to -5.41eV. The energy level difference between the perovskite and the compound is within 0.2eV, which is conducive to the transmission of holes at the interface and reduces the opening voltage loss. Therefore, when the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match the perovskite material with a valence band energy level of -5.30 to -5.50eV, thereby expanding the application range of the perovskite material.

[0027] The third technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide an electrical device, which includes the perovskite solar cell as described above.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electric device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a test curve chart of the perovskite solar cell of Example 4 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0038] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0040] At present, from the perspective of market development, the application of perovskite solar cells is becoming more and more extensive. Perovskite solar cells can be used in lunar rovers, satellite sails, various sensors, detectors, as well as in wearable electronic products, automobile power supply and other civilian products. Perovskite solar cells have become a power source for consumer products in many aspects. With the continuous expansion of the application field of perovskite solar cells and the flexible foldability of perovskite solar cells, the market demand is also constantly expanding.

[0041] In existing perovskite solar cells, the hole transport layer cannot match the multiple energy levels of perovskite materials.

[0042] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a compound, which is applied to the hole transport layer, perovskite layer or between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer of a perovskite solar cell, and the compound includes an Ar group, an R group and a Y group, and several of the Ar groups are connected to form a main chain, the R group connects the Ar groups, and the Y group connects the R groups; wherein the chain structure of the Ar group includes the chain structure of a thiophene group and / or the chain structure of a benzothiophene group, the R group includes an alkane group of C0 to C8, the Y group includes an electron-rich group or an electron-withdrawing group, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0043] The compounds provided in the embodiments of the present application use the chain structure of a thiophene group or the chain structure of a benzothiophene group as a skeleton. The chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton to form a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission. The electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compounds provided in the present application are applied to perovskite solar cells, they can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0044] The perovskite solar cell disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in electrical devices that use photoelectric conversion. The electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc., and spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application provides a compound, which is applied to a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, or between a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer of a perovskite solar cell, the compound including an Ar group, an R group, and a Y group, several of the Ar groups are connected to form a main chain, the R group connects the Ar groups, and the Y group connects the R groups; wherein the chain structure of the Ar group includes the chain structure of a thiophene group and / or the chain structure of a benzothiophene group, the R group includes an alkane group of C0 to C8, the Y group includes an electron-rich group or an electron-withdrawing group, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0046] In some embodiments, the compound may have the general formula:

[0047]

[0048] See also Figures 1 to 3 The perovskite solar cell 100 includes a hole transport layer 10 and a perovskite layer 20 , and a passivation layer 30 may be provided between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20 .

[0049] like Figure 1 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40, a positive electrode film layer 50, a hole transport layer 10, a passivation layer 30, a perovskite layer 20, an electron transport layer 60 and a negative electrode film layer 70 arranged in sequence.

[0050] like Figure 2 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40, a cathode film layer 70, an electron transport layer 60, a perovskite layer 20, a hole transport layer 10 and a cathode film layer 50 arranged in sequence.

[0051] like Figure 3 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40 , a positive electrode film layer 50 , a hole transport layer 10 , a perovskite layer 20 , an electron transport layer 60 , and a negative electrode film layer 70 .

[0052] The substrate 40 is a base material of the perovskite solar cell 100 and provides a preparation basis for preparing the perovskite solar cell 100. The substrate 40 includes but is not limited to at least one of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate 40, a textured silicon substrate 40 or a glass substrate 40.

[0053] There are many types of substrates 40, which can be suitable for devices with different requirements, and the costs of PET substrates 40, textured silicon substrates 40, and glass substrates 40 are relatively low.

[0054] The positive electrode film layer 50 and the negative electrode film layer 70 are both conductive layers. The positive electrode film layer 50 provides a path for hole transmission, and transmits the holes generated by the perovskite solar cell 100 to the external circuit. The negative electrode film layer 70 provides a path for electron transmission, and transmits the electrons generated by the perovskite solar cell 100 to the external circuit. The material of the conductive layer is preferably, but not limited to, a material with high conductivity and high visible light transmittance. As an example, the material of the conductive layer includes, but is not limited to, fluorine-doped tin oxide (F-doped tinoxide, FTO), indium tin metal oxide (Indium tin oxides, ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (Aluminum zincoxide, AZO), boron zinc oxide (Boron zinc oxide, BZO) or indium zinc oxide (Indium zinc oxide, IZO), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), graphite, etc.

[0055] The hole transport layer 10 has the function of transporting holes and blocking electrons, and the electron transport layer 60 has the function of transporting electrons and blocking electron-hole recombination. The hole transport layer 10 and the electron transport layer 60 make the perovskite solar cell 100 have a higher efficiency.

[0056] When sunlight shines on the perovskite layer 20, when the energy of the sunlight photons is greater than the band gap, the perovskite layer 20 absorbs photons to generate "electron-hole pairs", and the electron transport layer 60 transfers the separated electrons to the negative electrode film layer 70; the hole transport layer 10 transfers the holes separated from the electrons to the positive electrode film layer 50, further forming a directional movement of charges in the external circuit, thereby generating current and realizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy.

[0057] The passivation layer 30 may be located between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20. The perovskite solar cell 100 of any embodiment of the present application may be applied to a formal perovskite solar cell 100 or to an inverted perovskite solar cell 100.

[0058] Thiophene groups have Structural group.

[0059] The benzothiophene group has Structural group.

[0060] In the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the compound provided in the embodiments of the present application is applied to the hole transport layer 10, the perovskite layer 20, or between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20 of the perovskite solar cell 100. The compound provided in the embodiments of the present application uses the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group as the skeleton. The chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton to form a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission. The electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0061] In any embodiment of the present application, the chain structure of the Ar group includes:

[0062]

[0063] at least one of .

[0064] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the chain structure of the Ar group is within the above range, and the formed chain structure has a conjugated skeleton, forming a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission.

[0065] In any embodiment of the present application, the Y group includes -H 2 PO 3 , —COOH, —NH 2 , —OH, —CHO, —C=NOH, —COOCH 3 , —OCH 3 , —F, —Cl, at least one of them.

[0066] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the Y group is within the above range, which is beneficial to hole transport. The Y group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through the C0-C8 alkane group to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match perovskite materials with various energy levels.

[0067] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound can be

[0068] wait.

[0069] In some embodiments, the compound It can be prepared by the following method:

[0070]

[0071] In some embodiments, the compound It can be prepared by the following method:

[0072] In some embodiments, the compound It can be prepared by the following method:

[0073]

[0074] In some embodiments, the compound It can be prepared by the following method:

[0075]

[0076] The following are the test results of some compounds prepared by the above method using a high temperature multi-detector gel chromatography system:

[0077] Table 1 Test results of compounds using high temperature multi-detector gel chromatography system

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] In any embodiment of the present application, the molecular weight of the compound is 10,000 to 100,000.

[0081] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the molecular weight of the compound can be 10000, 10500, 11000, 15000, 20000, 23000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 55000, 60000, 65000, 70000, 78500, 80000, 90000, 98000, 100000, etc., or a range composed of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 10000-11000, 15000-60000, 20000-40000, 50000-98000, 55000-65000, 70000-78500, 30000-80000, 90000-100000, etc.

[0082] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the molecular weight of the compound is within the above range, so that the compound has a suitable band gap, the material has good film-forming properties, and is conducive to hole transport.

[0083] The present application also provides a perovskite solar cell 100, comprising the compound as described above.

[0084] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the compound uses the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group as the skeleton. The chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group has a conjugated skeleton to form a channel for carrier transmission, which is beneficial to hole transmission. The electron-rich group or the electron-withdrawing group is connected to the chain structure of the thiophene group or the chain structure of the benzothiophene group through an alkane group of C0 to C8 to adjust the orbital energy level of the compound. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match perovskite materials of various energy levels.

[0085] In any embodiment of the present application, a passivation layer 30 is provided between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20 , and the passivation layer 30 includes the compound as described above.

[0086] like Figure 1 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40, a positive electrode film layer 50, a hole transport layer 10, a passivation layer 30, a perovskite layer 20, an electron transport layer 60 and a negative electrode film layer 70 arranged in sequence.

[0087] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is beneficial to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match various energy level perovskite materials.

[0088] In any embodiment of the present application, the hole transport layer 10 includes the compound as described above.

[0089] like Figure 2 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40, a cathode film layer 70, an electron transport layer 60, a perovskite layer 20, a hole transport layer 10 and a cathode film layer 50 arranged in sequence.

[0090] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is beneficial to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match various energy level perovskite materials.

[0091] In any embodiment of the present application, the perovskite layer 20 includes a perovskite material and the compound as described above, and the compound is dispersed in the perovskite material.

[0092] like Figure 3 In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 100 may include a substrate 40 , a positive electrode film layer 50 , a hole transport layer 10 , a perovskite layer 20 , an electron transport layer 60 , and a negative electrode film layer 70 .

[0093] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is beneficial to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match various energy level perovskite materials.

[0094] In any embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the compound to the perovskite material is 1:3000 to 1:1000.

[0095] In any embodiment of the present application, the general formula of the perovskite material is ABX 3 , wherein A includes at least two of methylamine, formamidine, and cesium, B includes lead and / or tin, and X includes at least one of Cl, Br, and I.

[0096] Therefore, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the compound and the perovskite material is within the above-mentioned range, which can effectively passivate the defects of the perovskite bulk phase, while maintaining the original α-phase crystal structure of the perovskite. When the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, by controlling the mass ratio of the compound and the perovskite material within the above-mentioned range, it helps the carrier transport and the stability of the crystal structure.

[0097] In any embodiment of the present application, the hole transport layer 10 is at least one of nickel oxide, PTAA, PMMA, VNPB, SAM, and P3HT.

[0098] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is conducive to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, the hole transport layer 10 within the above range can match various energy level perovskite materials.

[0099] In any embodiment of the present application, the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound is -5.25 to -5.41 eV.

[0100] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is conducive to hole transport. The valence band energy level of common organic and inorganic lead halide perovskites is between -5.3eV and -5.5eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound proposed in this case is in the range of -5.20eV to -5.41eV. The energy level difference between the perovskite and the compound is within 0.2eV, which is conducive to the transmission of holes at the interface and reduces the opening voltage loss. Therefore, when the compound provided in the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match the perovskite material with a valence band energy level of -5.30 to -5.50eV, thereby expanding the application range of the perovskite material.

[0101] In any embodiment of the present application, the general formula of the perovskite material is ABX 3 , wherein A includes at least two of methylamine, formamidine, and cesium, B includes lead and / or tin, and X includes at least one of Cl, Br, and I.

[0102] In some embodiments, the perovskite material in the perovskite layer 20 may be FA 0.85 MA 0.1 Cs 0.05 PbI 3 .

[0103] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the compound is beneficial to hole transport. When the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match the perovskite material in the above range, thereby expanding the application scope of the perovskite material.

[0104] In some embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer 60 includes PCBM and / or C60.

[0105] PCBM and C60 have good electron transport properties, good stability, and are easy to prepare.

[0106] See also Figure 4 The present application also provides an electrical device 1000 , comprising the perovskite solar cell 100 as described above.

[0107] In the present application, the perovskite solar cell 100 serves as a power source for the above-mentioned electrical device 1000 to supply power to it; or, the perovskite solar cell 100 can serve as an energy storage unit of the above-mentioned electrical device 1000. As an example, the electrical device 1000 can be a lighting element, a display element, or a car.

[0108] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0109] Perovskite Solar Cell 100-Application Method 1:

[0110] Perovskite solar cell 100 - Application method 1 The formed perovskite solar cell 100 is a transverse structure, see Figure 1 .

[0111] When using the compound provided in the present application, the compound is dissolved in chloroform solvent to prepare a 1 mg / ml solution, stirred and dissolved, filtered, and spin-coated on the surface of nickel oxide. Dynamic spin coating of 100uL, 5000rpm, 60s, annealed at 100°C for 10min, and then the perovskite layer 20 is prepared.

[0112] In the first application of the perovskite solar cell 100 , the hole transport layer 10 is nickel oxide, the passivation layer 30 is a compound, and the passivation layer 30 is located between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20 .

[0113] Device structure: FTO / nickel oxide / compound / perovskite / C60 / BCP / Cu

[0114] Perovskite Solar Cell 100-Application 2:

[0115] Perovskite solar cell 100 - Application method 2 The perovskite solar cell 100 formed is a formal structure, see Figure 2 .

[0116] When the compound provided in the present application is used, the compound is dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent to prepare a 10 mg / ml solution, stirred and dissolved, filtered, and spin-coated on the upper surface of the perovskite layer 20, dynamically spin-coated 100uL, 5000rpm, 60s, and then annealed at 100°C for 10min.

[0117] In the second application of the perovskite solar cell 100 , the hole transport layer 10 is a compound.

[0118] Device structure: Cu / BCP / C60 / Perovskite / Compound / FTO

[0119] Perovskite Solar Cell 100-Application Method 3:

[0120] Perovskite solar cell 100 - Application method 3 The formed perovskite solar cell 100 is a trans-structure, see Figure 3 .

[0121] When using the compound provided in this application, the compound is dissolved in a perovskite precursor solution, the concentration of the compound in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.5 mg / ml, stirred and dissolved, filtered, and spin-coated on the surface of nickel oxide. Static spin coating 100uL, after washing the film with anti-solvent chlorobenzene or anisole, annealed at 100°C for 15 minutes.

[0122] In the perovskite solar cell 100 - application mode three, the hole transport layer 10 is nickel oxide, and the perovskite layer 20 includes perovskite materials and compounds.

[0123] The device structure is: FTO / nickel oxide / compound+perovskite / C60 / BCP / Cu

[0124] Comparative Example:

[0125] The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that no passivation layer 30 is disposed between the hole transport layer 10 and the perovskite layer 20 .

[0126] The device structure is: FTO / nickel oxide / perovskite / C60 / BCP / Cu.

[0127] The photoelectric conversion efficiency variation test was conducted on the different embodiments and comparative examples of the perovskite solar cell 100 formed by the application modes 1 to 3, for example, Figure 5This is a test curve chart of the perovskite solar cell of Example 4 of the present application.

[0128] The test method is as follows, and the test results are shown in Table 2:

[0129] Photoelectric conversion efficiency change test:

[0130] In standard simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 ) irradiation, the battery performance was tested, FTO was used as the positive electrode, Cu was used as the negative electrode, the test voltage ranged from -0.1V to 1.2V, and the battery area was 0.075cm 2 , get the IV curve. According to the IV curve and the data fed back by the test equipment, the short-circuit current Jsc (unit: mA / cm 2 ), open circuit voltage Voc (unit V), maximum light output current Jmpp (unit mA) and maximum light output voltage Vmpp (unit V). The fill factor FF of the cell is calculated by the formula FF = Jsc × Voc / (Jmpp × Vmpp), unit %. The photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE of the cell is calculated by the formula PCE = Jsc × Voc × FF / Pw, unit %; Pw represents the input power, unit mW.

[0131] The initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the comparative example is recorded as IPCE0, the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the nth group of experiments is recorded as IPCEn, and the change in photoelectric conversion efficiency of the nth group of experiments = [(IPCE0-IPCEn) / IPCE0]×100%.

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] The test results of the photoelectric conversion efficiency changes of Examples 1 to 10 and the comparative example in Table 1 show that when the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be maintained basically stable or improved. At the same time, the test results of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound show that when the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match a variety of energy level perovskite materials. Therefore, when the compound provided by the present application is applied to the perovskite solar cell 100, it can match a variety of energy level perovskite materials while maintaining the photoelectric conversion efficiency basically stable or improved.

[0135] Furthermore, by comparing the changes in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the embodiments and comparative examples of different application modes, the changes in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of embodiments 1 and 2 using application mode one / two are higher than that of embodiment 3 using application mode three, the changes in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of embodiments 4 and 5 using application mode one / two are higher than that of embodiment 6 using application mode three, and the changes in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of embodiments 7 to 10 using application mode one / two are higher than that of the comparative example. Therefore, the perovskite solar cell 100 of application mode one and application mode two not only has a hole transport layer 10 that can match perovskite materials of various energy levels, but also has a better photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0136] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compound, which is applied to a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, or between a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer of a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The compound comprises an Ar group, an R group and a Y group, a plurality of the Ar groups are connected to form a main chain, the R group is connected to the Ar group, and the Y group is connected to the R group; The chain structure of the Ar group includes the chain structure of a thiophene group or a benzothiophene group, the R group includes an alkane group of C0 to C8, the Y group includes an electron-rich group or an electron-withdrawing group, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

2. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that The chain structure of the Ar group includes: at least one of .

3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The Y group includes at least one of —H2PO3, —COOH, —NH2, —OH, —CHO, —C═NOH, —COOCH3, —OCH3, —F, and —Cl.

4. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The molecular weight of the compound is 10,000 to 100,000.

5. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that A passivation layer is provided between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, and the passivation layer includes the compound.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that The hole transport layer includes the compound.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that The perovskite layer includes a perovskite material and the compound, wherein the compound is dispersed in the perovskite material.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The mass ratio of the compound to the perovskite material is 1:3000 to 1:1000.

10. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound is -5.25 to -5.41 eV.

11. An electrical device, characterized in that: It comprises the perovskite solar cell as described in any one of claims 5 to 10.

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