Apple tree planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses an apple tree planting method which comprises the following steps: step 1, soil selection: selecting medium-acid oil sandy soil with a deep soil layer and fertile soil texture, enabling the organic matter proportion to be higher than or equal to 2.0%, sterilizing the soil, then turning the soil and scattering 300-400kg of sheep manure and rabbit manure per mu, and enabling the base fertilizer proportion to be 3: 4; 2, seedling selection: selecting healthy and well-developed apple seedlings which are uniformly distributed; 3, planting: planting saplings with the seedling stems of 1.2-1.5 m at the depth of 50-65 cm at the interval of 6 m, planting the saplings, compacting the saplings, washing the saplings with water, and covering the saplings with soil; step 4, final-period management: fertilization: watering with nutritive water once every 40 days, and applying sheep manure and free manure once every 120 days; pest and disease damage prevention and treatment: removing rotten branches; weeding, wherein weeds are pulled out manually; trunk fixing and repairing. The method has the advantages that high-quality fertilizer is stored in planting soil, later-period management is thought and fine, and fruits are large and full in size, high in fruit shape and high in disease resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of apple tree planting methods, and in particular to an apple tree planting method. Background Art

[0002] Apple belongs to the Rosaceae family. The apple tree is a tree up to 15 meters high. The trunk is gray-brown, and the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking. The twigs are densely covered with pubescence when young, and then become smooth and purple-brown. The phyllotaxy is single-leaf alternate, elliptical to ovate, 4.9-10 cm long, with a pointed tip and blunt serrations on the margins. When young, it is hairy on both sides, and then smooth and dark green on the surface. The flowers are white with a red blush, with a diameter of 3-5 cm. The pedicels and calyx have gray-white pubescence. Most varieties are self-sterile and need to be planted for pollination. The fruit is slightly flattened spherical, with a diameter of more than 5 cm, both ends are concave, and the ends often have ridges. The flowering period is from April to June; the fruiting period is from July to November.

[0003] Apple is rich in nutrition and is the top of the world's four major fruits (apple, apple tree, citrus and banana). Apple is rich in sugars, mainly sucrose, reducing sugars, as well as protein, fat, phosphorus, iron, potassium and other substances; it also contains malic acid, quinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, tannic acid, pectin, cellulose, B vitamins, vitamin C and trace elements 76% of the edible part.

[0004] Fruit trees are perennial woody plants with strong branches and skeletons and the ability to store nutrients. Fruit trees have well-developed root systems that are deep and wide. Once planted for many years without moving, they selectively absorb nutrients from the same soil for a long time, which can easily lead to insufficient supply of soil nutrients, and physiological disorders such as malnutrition and nutrient deficiency. Therefore, fertilization management of fruit trees is one of the important links in fruit tree cultivation. As people's living standards improve, the social demand for apples is expanding. In the past, apples were mostly planted through seed propagation, and only some of the fruits could be produced after several years of planting. In addition, the yield was low and the quality was poor, which affected people's enthusiasm for developing apples. The key to the growth of apple trees lies in the seedling period. If the apple seedlings are strong and plump in the seedling period, they will grow into apple trees quickly, and after growing into apple trees, they will have lush branches and leaves, more fruits, and good fruit quality. Otherwise, the fruiting cycle will be extended, and the fruits will be relatively small and of poor quality, affecting the economic income of fruit farmers. Although there have been significant breakthroughs in apple grafting propagation, it still takes 2-3 years to propagate a grafted seedling, resulting in excessively high production costs, slowing the pace of apple variety improvement, and being unfavorable to the development of apple planting industrialization.

[0005] There is a patent document CN103931456B in the prior art, which discloses a method for planting apple trees, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Garden construction: select sandy loam land with deep soil layer and convenient irrigation, deep plow the soil 30-35cm, then add 170-190kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50-60kg of urea, 4-5kg of nano iron slag powder, 20-30kg of pomegranate peel powder, 80-90kg of attapulgite, 30-40kg of bamboo charcoal powder and 80-90kg of modified crop straw;

[0007] Cultivation: Select healthy apple saplings and transplant them into the garden. Choose spring planting with a planting density of 110 to 220 plants per mu.

[0008] Fertilizer and water management: timely watering, when the seedlings show drought, timely watering and irrigation, frequent topdressing, the topdressing is 120-150kg of urea, 60-70kg of manure, 40-45kg of rapeseed meal, 20-30kg of peanut meal, 40-50kg of seaweed powder, 80-90kg of zeolite powder, 10-12kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 20-25kg of sweet potato residue per mu, and weeds should be removed in time, and soil should be conserved by inter-cultivation;

[0009] Pruning: Apple trees should retain 7 to 9 main branches. In addition to winter pruning, during the growth period, bud removal, branch thinning and pinching of vigorous buds should be done well. When pinching, 3 to 5 secondary branches should be left at the bottom.

[0010] Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main diseases that harm apple trees are early leaf fall, brown spot, red spider, and apple leaf roller; the drugs for prevention and control of pests and diseases include 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl diluted 800-1000 times, or 1:(2-3):240 times Bordeaux mixture, or 20% chlorpyrifos or 10% chlorpyrifos diluted 2000-3000 times;

[0011] Although the above planting method greatly enhances the health of apples, it cannot meet the growth needs of apple trees in various growth stages during the fertilization process. Depending on the growth stage of apples, the nutrients in certain fertilizers are lost in the soil, resulting in nutritional deficiencies when they are really needed, affecting the quality of apples. Summary of the invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting apple trees to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0014] The present invention discloses a method for planting apple trees, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, soil selection: select medium-acid oil sandy soil with a soil depth of 3-5 meters and a soil pH value of 6-7, the soil organic matter ratio is higher than ≥2.0%, and the soil is sterilized, then the soil is turned over and sheep and rabbit manure is sprinkled, 300-400kg per mu, and the ratio of base fertilizer to sheep and rabbit manure is 3:4;

[0016] Step 2: Select seedlings: Select healthy, well-developed, and evenly distributed apple seedlings;

[0017] Step 3, planting: The seedlings are 5-7 meters apart, with a stem of 1-1.9 meters, and the depth is 45-70cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and covered with soil;

[0018] Step 4: Post-management:

[0019] ① Fertilization: irrigate with nutrient water every 35-45 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 110-130 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion;

[0020] ② Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray carbendazim;

[0021] ③Weeding: Manual weeding;

[0022] ④Trunk fixing and repair: start trunk fixing in the third year after transplanting. The trunk should be fixed at a position 0.8-1.2m above the ground. The fruit tree should be repaired into a spindle shape and the height of the fruit tree should be controlled at 2.0-2.8m. The crown width should be controlled at 1.4-1.6m, the trunk height should be 65cm-75cm, the number of main branches should be 8-18, the distance between main branches should be controlled at 10-30cm, and the opening degree should be controlled at 40-80°.

[0023] As an improvement, the base fertilizer includes the following raw materials: decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains. The decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains are mixed and stirred and then naturally fermented in a closed manner.

[0024] As an improvement, 2 kg of sheep manure is spread after turning the soil, and 1 kg of rabbit manure is spread after turning the soil.

[0025] As an improvement, the sheep manure and rabbit manure are applied once every 120 days, 10-20 kg per tree, and the ratio of sheep manure to rabbit manure is 3:2.

[0026] As an improvement, the seedlings are planted 6 meters apart with a stem of 1.2-1.5m at a depth of 50-65cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and then covered with soil.

[0027] As an improvement, nutrient water is poured every 40 days, and sheep manure and rabbit manure are applied every 120 days, and the sheep manure and rabbit manure are mixed in proportion.

[0028] As an improvement, the disease and insect pest prevention and treatment includes removing rotten branches and spraying 800-1800 times diluted carbendazim every 25 days.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: high-quality fertilizer is stored in the planting soil, the later management is thoughtful and delicate, the fruits are large and full, the fruit shape is tall, the disease resistance is strong, and the color change has several characteristics: coloring in three days, light red in seven days, dark red in 10 days, black red in 15 days, and the whole body is colored. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment 1 describes in detail a method for planting apple trees.

[0032] The present embodiment provides a method for planting apple trees, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1, soil selection: select medium-acid oil sandy soil with a soil depth of 3-5 meters and a soil pH value of 6-7, the soil organic matter ratio is higher than ≥2.0%, and the soil is sterilized, then the soil is turned over and sheep and rabbit manure is sprinkled, 300-400kg per mu, and the ratio of base fertilizer to sheep and rabbit manure is 3:4;

[0034] Step 2: Select seedlings: Select healthy, well-developed, and evenly distributed apple seedlings;

[0035] Step 3, planting: The seedlings are 5-7 meters apart, with a stem of 1-1.9 meters, and the depth is 45-70cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and covered with soil;

[0036] Step 4: Post-management:

[0037] ① Fertilization: irrigate with nutrient water every 35-45 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 110-130 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion;

[0038] ② Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray carbendazim;

[0039] ③Weeding: Manual weeding;

[0040] ④Trunk fixing and repair: start trunk fixing in the third year after transplanting. The trunk should be fixed at a position 0.8-1.2m above the ground. The fruit tree should be repaired into a spindle shape and the height of the fruit tree should be controlled at 2.0-2.8m. The crown width should be controlled at 1.4-1.6m, the trunk height should be 65cm-75cm, the number of main branches should be 8-18, the distance between main branches should be controlled at 10-30cm, and the opening degree should be controlled at 40-80°.

[0041] The base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains. The decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains are mixed and stirred and then naturally fermented in a closed manner.

[0042] 2 kg of the sheep manure and 1 kg of the rabbit manure were spread after turning the soil.

[0043] The prevention and treatment of the pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray 800-1800 times diluted carbendazim every 25 days.

[0044] Embodiment 2 describes in detail a method for planting apple trees.

[0045] The present embodiment provides a method for planting apple trees, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step 1, soil selection: select medium-acid oil sandy soil with a soil depth of 3-5 meters and a soil pH value of 6-7, the soil organic matter ratio is higher than ≥2.0%, and the soil is sterilized, then the soil is turned over and sheep and rabbit manure is sprinkled, 300-400kg per mu, and the ratio of base fertilizer to sheep and rabbit manure is 3:4;

[0047] Step 2: Select seedlings: Select healthy, well-developed, and evenly distributed apple seedlings;

[0048] Step 3, planting: The seedlings are 5-7 meters apart, with a stem of 1-1.9 meters, and the depth is 45-70cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and covered with soil;

[0049] Step 4: Post-management:

[0050] ① Fertilization: irrigate with nutrient water every 35-45 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 110-130 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion;

[0051] ② Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray carbendazim;

[0052] ③Weeding: Manual weeding;

[0053] ④Trunk fixing and repair: start trunk fixing in the third year after transplanting. The trunk should be fixed at a position 0.8-1.2m above the ground. The fruit tree should be repaired into a spindle shape and the height of the fruit tree should be controlled at 2.0-2.8m. The crown width should be controlled at 1.4-1.6m, the trunk height should be 65cm-75cm, the number of main branches should be 8-18, the distance between main branches should be controlled at 10-30cm, and the opening degree should be controlled at 40-80°.

[0054] The base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains. The decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains are mixed and stirred and then naturally fermented in a closed manner.

[0055] 2 kg of the sheep manure and 1 kg of the rabbit manure were spread after turning the soil.

[0056] The sheep manure and rabbit manure were applied once every 120 days, 10-20 kg per tree, and the ratio of sheep manure to rabbit manure was 3:2.

[0057] The seedlings are planted 6 meters apart with a stem of 1.2-1.5m at a depth of 50-65cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and then covered with soil.

[0058] Water with nutrient water every 40 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 120 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion.

[0059] The prevention and treatment of the pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray 800-1800 times diluted carbendazim every 25 days.

[0060] When implementing it, just follow the above steps. The fruits are large and full, with a tall shape, strong disease resistance, and several characteristics of color change: color in three days, light red in seven days, dark red in 10 days, dark red in 15 days, and the whole body is colored.

[0061] Test measurement: Select an orchard with an area of ​​5 mu and uniform age of apple trees, with a total of 100 apple trees. Randomly divide the 100 apple trees into five groups, with 20 trees in each group, namely Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 and Group 5. Group 1 adopts the planting method of this scheme, and Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 change the fertilizer, planting interval and depth of seedlings, watering and manure cycle, and repair degree respectively. Calculate the apple yield and single fruit weight of each group. The test results are shown in the table below.

[0062]

[0063] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive, and the actual protection scope is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for planting apple trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, soil selection: select medium-acid oil sandy soil with a soil depth of 3-5 meters and a soil pH value of 6-7, the soil organic matter ratio is higher than ≥2.0%, and the soil is sterilized, then the soil is turned over and sheep and rabbit manure is sprinkled, 300-400kg per mu, and the ratio of base fertilizer to sheep and rabbit manure is 3:4; Step 2: Select seedlings: Select healthy, well-developed, and evenly distributed apple seedlings; Step 3, planting: The seedlings are 5-7 meters apart, with a stem of 1-1.9 meters, and the depth is 45-70cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and covered with soil; Step 4: Post-management: ① Fertilization: irrigate with nutrient water every 35-45 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 110-130 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion; ② Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray carbendazim; ③Weeding: Manual weeding; ④Tree fixing and repair: start the tree fixing and repair in the third year after transplanting. The trunk is fixed at a position 0.8-1.2m above the ground. The fruit tree is repaired into a spindle shape and the height of the fruit tree is controlled at 2.0-2.8m. The crown width is controlled at 1.4-1.6m, the trunk height is 65cm-75cm, and the number of main branches is 8-18; the spacing between main branches is controlled at 10-30cm, and the opening degree is controlled at 40-80°.

2. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains. The decomposed sheep manure, rabbit manure and bacterial strains are mixed and stirred and then naturally fermented in a closed manner.

3. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: 2 kg of the sheep manure and 1 kg of the rabbit manure were spread after turning the soil.

4. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sheep manure and rabbit manure were applied once every 120 days, 10-20 kg per tree, and the ratio of sheep manure to rabbit manure was 3:

2.

5. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seedlings are planted 6 meters apart with a stem of 1.2-1.5m at a depth of 50-65cm. The seedlings are planted, compacted, washed and then covered with soil.

6. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 5, characterized in that: Water with nutrient water every 40 days, and apply sheep manure and rabbit manure every 120 days. The sheep manure and rabbit manure should be mixed in proportion.

7. The method for planting apple trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The prevention and treatment of the pests and diseases: remove rotten branches and spray 800-1800 times diluted carbendazim every 25 days.

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