Independent non-public network selection for dual access with PLMN

Abstract

Methods and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment, UE, establishes (1005) a first wireless connection with a network via a Public Land Mobile Network, PLMN. The UE selects (1010) from a set of independent non-public networks, SNPNs, associated with dual access of the network, an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the network. In some examples, the UE selects the SNPN from one or more prioritization lists of SNPNs that include or indicate dual access via a network of the PLMN and one of the SNPNs. The UE establishes (1015) a second wireless connection with the network via the selected SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of Greek patent application No. 20220100491, entitled "STANDALONE NON-PUBLIC NETWORK SELECTION FOR DUAL ACCESS OFA NETWORK", filed by Zia et al. on June 14, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications including stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) selection for dual access to a network. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communications for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0005] In some wireless communication systems, a UE may be in the service area of ​​two 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) networks. However, dual network access via the two 3GPP networks may not be supported. Summary of the invention

[0006] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses for supporting independent non-public network (SNPN) selection for dual access of a network. The described technology allows a user equipment (UE) to establish and maintain dual third generation partnership project (3GPP) access (DTA), which can support traffic steering, switching and splitting via two 3GPP networks. For example, the UE can establish a first wireless connection with a network (e.g., a core network) via a public land mobile network (PLMN). The UE can select an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the network. The UE can select an SNPN from an SNPN set associated with dual access of the network. That is, the SNPN set can include an SNPN supporting dual wireless connections via a PLMN and an SNPN. In some examples, the UE can select an SNPN from one or more prioritized lists including or indicating SNPNs supporting dual wireless connections. After selection, the UE can establish a second wireless connection with the network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the network, and can communicate with the network via the dual wireless connection.

[0007] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN; selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being conducted via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network; and establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0008] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: establish a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN; select an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being performed via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network; and establish a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0009] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: means for establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN; means for selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being conducted via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network; and means for establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0010] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to perform the following operations: establish a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN; select an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being performed via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network; and establish a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, selecting the SNPN from the set of SNPNs may include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting the SNPN based on a prioritized list of SNPNs, at least a portion of the prioritized list of SNPNs overlapping with the set of SNPNs.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, selecting the SNPN from the set of SNPNs may include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting a group identifier (GIN) based on a prioritized list of GINs associated with the set of SNPNs, and selecting the SNPN based on receiving a broadcast associated with the GIN from the SNPN.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for operating in a mode associated with dual access to the first network via the SNPN, wherein selection of the SNPN from the set of SNPNs may be triggered based on operating in the mode.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving, from the PLMN, a UE routing selection policy (URSP) that triggers the selection of the SNPN for establishing the dual radio connection between the UE and the first network.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of SNPNs may be associated with the PLMN.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the list comprising the set of SNPNs includes an identifier of the PLMN, and the SNPN is selected from the set of SNPNs in the list based on the list comprising the identifier of the PLMN.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs included in a prioritized list of SNPNs for establishing the dual wireless connection, a second SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs associated with a prioritized list of GINs, and the first SNPN subset is associated with a higher priority for selection to establish the dual wireless connection than the second SNPN subset.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating the SNPN set.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for replacing a second SNPN set associated with dual access to the first network with the SNPN set in response to receiving the first message.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a second message indicating the UE's ability to update stored SNPN information associated with the selection of the SNPN for establishing the dual wireless connection, wherein the first message may be received based on the UE's ability to update the stored SNPN information.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first message includes an indication of the number of SNPNs in the SNPN set, a list of SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing the dual wireless connection, a list of GINs associated with the SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing the dual wireless connection, or a combination thereof.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first message includes an indication of whether the first message includes the SNPN list, an indication of whether the first message includes the GIN list, an indication of whether the SNPN list includes an identifier of the PLMN, an indication of whether the GIN list includes the identifier of the PLMN, or a combination thereof.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first message may be a direct to roaming SNPN selection information (SOR-SNPN-SI) message. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting a separate non-public network (SNPN) selection for dual access of a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0025] Figure 3 An example of a selection diagram supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0026] Figure 4 An example of a message diagram supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 5 An example of a process flow for supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0028] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram of a device supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig. 9 A diagram of a system including a device supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figures 10 to 12 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In some wireless communication systems, a user equipment (UE) may support concurrent dual access to a network (e.g., a core network) via a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network and a non-3GPP network (e.g., a wireless local area network (WLAN) and other non-3GPP networks). For example, the UE may implement an access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) protocol that enables the UE to maintain dual connectivity with the network via a public land mobile network (PLMN) and a non-3GPP network (such as a Wi-Fi network). Such dual connectivity may support increased capacity, data rates, and flexibility while reducing latency, for example, by supporting steering of traffic between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks, handover between networks without service interruption, and concurrent use of 3GPP and non-3GPP networks.

[0033] However, in some cases, the non-3GPP network may not be able to support such dual connectivity, or may lack the capacity to support the amount and / or type of traffic communicated over such dual connectivity. For example, the non-3GPP network may support voice services, while other types of traffic services (such as video services and Internet services) may not be supported by the non-3GPP network (e.g., due to the relatively large amount of traffic associated with video and Internet services compared to voice services). Therefore, it may be beneficial for the UE to maintain dual-3GPP access (DTA) via two different 3GPP networks.

[0034] For example, the UE may be connected to the core network via a PLMN while also being in the service area of ​​one or more independent non-public networks (SNPNs). A non-public network may be a network that enables network deployment (e.g., 5G network deployment, etc.) for private use. An SNPN may be a non-public network managed (e.g., and deployed) by a non-public network operator or an operator of a PLMN that provides access to the core network independently of the network functions provided by the PLMN. For the UE, it may be advantageous to concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) connect to the PLMN and the SNPN to, for example, support traffic guidance, switching and splitting of various types of traffic (e.g., voice, Internet and video services and other services) and other benefits. However, the selection process for connecting to the SNPN may not support the DTA of the UE. That is, according to the current SNPN selection process, the UE may select an SNPN that does not support dual connection with the core network via the PLMN and the selected SNPN.

[0035] The techniques, devices, and methods described herein may enable a UE to support DTA via a PLMN and a SNPN. That is, the UE may establish and maintain a dual wireless connection between the UE and a network via the PLMN and the SNPN. For example, the UE may establish a first wireless connection with the network via the PLMN. In order to establish a dual wireless connection, the UE may perform a DTA SNPN selection process for selecting a DTA SNPN (e.g., a SNPN that supports DTA). For example, the UE selects an SNPN from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the network. That is, the SNPN set may include SNPNs that support aggregation and switching of traffic with the PLMN. The UE may establish a second wireless connection with the network via the selected SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection.

[0036] In some examples, the UE may store one or more prioritized lists for the DTA SNPN selection process, the prioritized lists including information supporting the selection of the DTA SNPN. For example, the UE may store one or more prioritized lists of DTA SNPNs, one or more prioritized lists of DTA group identifiers (GINs), or both. The UE may select an SNPN indicated by one of the lists (e.g., a DTA SNPN, an SNPN associated with a DTA GIN), the SNPN corresponding to the PLMN via which the UE establishes a first wireless connection, and establishes a second wireless connection via the SNPN. Thus, by establishing a connection with the network via the PLMN and the selected SNPN, the UE may establish a dual wireless connection with a network supporting traffic steering, handover, and steering via two 3GPP networks.

[0037] Aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more advantages. For example, a UE that establishes and maintains a DTA with a network via a PLMN and a SNPN may support routing of traffic between PLMNs or SNPNs (e.g., based on quality of service (QoS) metrics), handover between PLMNs and SNPNs without service interruption, and concurrent data communications via PLMNs and SNPNs. Thus, data rates, capacity, and coverage may be increased, latency may be reduced, and resource sharing may be improved.

[0038] Various aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further described in the context of selection diagrams, message diagrams, and process flows. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams relating to SNPN selection for dual access to a network, and various aspects of the present disclosure are described with reference to these diagrams.

[0039] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a long term evolution (LTE) network, an advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a new radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0040] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In different examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0041] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1 . The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 Communications with other UEs 115 or network entities 105) as shown.

[0042] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0043] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) via the backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), and other examples or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0044] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0045] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0046] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via those communication links.

[0047] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0048] In the case where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support SNPN selection for dual access of a network as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0049] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0050] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 as shown in .

[0051] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure to support the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send", "receive", or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0052] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier wave may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The amount of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively large number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0053] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be referred to as T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds sampling period, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0054] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of a cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may also be divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0055] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0056] Carrier multiplexing of physical channels may be used for communication according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed for signaling transmission via downlink carriers using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of the control channel candidates may refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the coding information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0057] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different RATs.

[0058] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0059] In some examples, the UE 115 may be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may not be able to or configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling resources for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communications may occur between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105 .

[0060] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity for managing access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW)), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access layer (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to an IP service 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0061] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0062] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology in an unlicensed band (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating using an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0063] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0064] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other direction).

[0065] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include or be an example of a PLMN that supports access of the UE 115 to the core network 130. For example, the PLMN may be a cellular network managed by a network operator (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and other network operators) within a geographic location. The PLMN may support one or more RATs via which the UE 115 may access the core network 130.

[0066] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include or be an example of one or more SNPNs that support UE 115's access to the core network 130. For example, the SNPN may be a non-public network (e.g., a private network) that does not rely on the network functions provided by the PLMN to provide access to the core network 130. That is, the SNPN may include one or more network functions that are independent of the network functions included in the PLMN and may support user authentication, access authentication, tracking, IP connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. In some examples, the SNPN may be managed (e.g., and deployed) by the same network operator that manages the associated PLMN. In some examples, the SNPN may be managed (e.g., and deployed) by a network operator different from the network operator that manages the associated PLMN (e.g., a non-public network operator).

[0067] Various aspects of the described techniques support establishing a dual radio connection between a UE 115 and a core network 130 via a PLMN and a SNPN. For example, the UE 115 may establish a first radio connection with the core network 130 via a PLMN. To establish the dual radio connection, the UE 115 may select a SNPN from a DTA SNPN set and establish a second radio connection with the core network 130 via the selected SNPN. In some examples, the DTA SNPN set may be a subset of SNPNs, via which the UE 115 may establish a radio connection with the core network 130, which are prioritized for selection based on supporting dual access of the core network 130 in conjunction with the PLMN. The first radio connection and the second radio connection may be maintained and used concurrently to communicate information between the UE 115 and the core network 130 and may therefore together constitute a dual radio connection.

[0068] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 may implement reference Figure 1 Aspects of the wireless communication system 100 of the present invention may be implemented by or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a network entity 105-a, a network entity 105-b, and a UE 115-a, which may include reference Figure 1 Examples of corresponding devices described in this article.

[0069] The wireless communication system 200 may support communication between the UE 115 and the network entity 105. For example, the UE 115 may communicate downlink and uplink messages with the network entity 105 via a corresponding communication link 201, which may be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1An example of a communication link 125 is described.

[0070] The wireless communication system 200 may include a PLMN 205 in which the network entity 105-a may operate. The PLMN 205 may include the network entity 105-a and one or more network functions, such as a UPF 210, an AMF 215, a session management function (SMF) 220, and a policy control function (PCF) 225, among other network functions. The AMF 215 may be a control plane entity that manages access, mobility, and NAS functions, among other functions. The SMF 220 may be a control plane entity that provides protocol data unit (PDU) session management services, IP address allocation services, downlink notification management services, and general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol user (GTP-U) services, among others, in conjunction with the AMF 215 and the UPF 210. The PCF 225 may provide policy rules for control plane entities (e.g., network functions in a core network) and subscription management services, among others, in the PLMN 205. The UPF 210 may be a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to an external network (such as a data network 230), which may be a reference network. Figure 1 An example of an IP service 150 is described.

[0071] PLMN 205 may provide UE 115-a with access to a core network (e.g., core network 130) and data network 230. For example, communications between UE 115-a and data network 230 may be routed via network entity 105-a, and communications between network entity 105-a and data network 230 may be routed via UPF 210. In some examples, UE 115-a may communicate with AMF 215 via a transparent interface (input N1 interface).

[0072] The wireless communication system 200 may also include one or more SNPNs 235, via which the UE 115-a may access the data network 230. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a SNPN 235, within which the network entity 105-b may operate. In some examples, the SNPN 235 may be managed by a non-public network operator or the same network operator that manages the PLMN 205. Additionally, the SNPN 235 may include one or more other network functions in addition to the network functions provided by the PLMN 205 to provide the UE 115-a with access to the data network 230. For example, the SNPN 235 may include a UPF 240, an AMF 245, and an SMF 250. The SMF 250 may communicate with the SMF 220. Additionally, the UPF 240 may communicate with the UPF 210. In some examples, the UPF 210 may be referred to as a PDU Session Anchor (PSA) for the PLMN 205 and the SNPN 235. That is, UPF 210 may be a UPF that interfaces directly with data network 230, and communications between UPF 240 and data network 230 may be routed via UPF 210. Thus, communications between UE 115-a and data network 230 via SNPN 235 may be routed via network entity 105-b and UPF 240.

[0073] In some cases, UE 115-a may be in the service area of ​​both PLMN 205 and SNPN 235. Therefore, UE 115-a may support establishing a wireless connection with a network (e.g., core network, data network 230) via one or both of PLMN 205 and SNPN 235. In some examples, the service area covered by PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 may be permanent or temporary dual coverage. PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 may provide 3GPP access to UE 115-a using the same or different RATs. For example, the RAT used for communication may be the same at both PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 (e.g., NR and NR, non-terrestrial network (NTN) and NTN, and other RATs). Alternatively, the RAT used for communication may be different for PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 (e.g., NR and LTE, NR and NTN, and other RATs).

[0074] Additionally, UE 115-a may support dual subscription or single subscription. For example, UE 115-a may include multiple subscriber identity modules (SIMs) (e.g., two SIMs), such as multiple universal SIMs (USIMs). Here, UE 115-a may be referred to as a multi-USIM (MUSIM) device. Each SIM may include subscription information, and UE 115-a may establish a network connection (e.g., a wireless connection with a network such as a core network, a data network 230, or both) based on the subscription information. In some examples, UE 115-a may include a single SIM (e.g., a single USIM) that UE 115-a can use to establish a network connection (e.g., via PLMN 205). Here, the mobile equipment (ME) of UE 115-a (e.g., components of UE 115-a other than any SIM) may include non-USIM credential information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and other authentication credential information) that can be used to establish a network connection via SNPN 235. In some examples, the ME of UE 115-a may include, in addition to multiple SIMs, credential information for establishing a network connection via SNPN 235. Thus, a dual or single subscription UE 115-a may establish a network connection via PLMN 205, SNPN 235, or both.

[0075] In some examples, it may be advantageous for UE 115-a to establish a dual radio connection (e.g., dual network connection) with a network via both PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 to support traffic steering, switching, and splitting via two 3GPP networks, for example. For example, if UE 115-a is outside the service area of ​​a non-3GPP network (e.g., a Wi-Fi network), UE 115-a may still support traffic steering, switching, and splitting to establish a dual radio connection via two 3GPP networks. However, using current SNPN selection techniques, UE 115-a may select an SNPN 235 that does not support DTA. For example, the order of selection according to which UE 115-a may select an SNPN 235 may be: the SNPN used by UE 115-a for the last registration, the SNPN 235 identified by the SNPN identity in the selected entry of the "Subscriber Data List" configured in the ME, and so on. However, such an order of selection may cause UE 115-a to select an SNPN 235 that does not support DTA. For example, in some cases, to support DTA, the operators of PLMN 205 and SNPN 235 may coordinate (e.g., according to a service agreement between the operators) so that aggregated and switched traffic is supported via PLMN 205 and SNPN 235. However, the current SNPN selection process may result in the selection of an SNPN 235 for which such coordination has not occurred. Additionally or alternatively, the current SNPN selection process may result in the selection of an SNPN 235 that lacks the capacity for various types of traffic communicated via dual connectivity. Therefore, the current SNPN selection process may not address the DTA situation of aggregated and switched traffic with PLMN 205.

[0076] To support dual network access, the UE 115-a may establish a DTA with the PLMN 205 and the SNPN 235 according to a DTA SNPN selection procedure. For example, the UE 115-a may send control signaling 255 to the network entity 105-a, and the network entity 105-a may send control signaling 260 to the UE 115-a to establish a first radio connection with the network via the PLMN 205, for example, as part of a random access channel (RACH) procedure. After establishing the first radio connection via the PLMN 205, the UE 115-a may select the SNPN 235 according to the DTA SNPN selection procedure to establish a dual radio connection with the network. In some cases, selecting the SNPN 235 according to the DTA SNPN selection procedure may be based on the UE 115-a operating in a mode associated with dual access to the network via the SNPN 235, which may be referred to as a DTA SNPN access mode. That is, operating in the DTA SNPN access mode may trigger the UE 115-a to select the SNPN 235 according to the DTA SNPN selection process. In some other cases, the network entity 105-a may send a UE routing selection policy (URSP) 265 to the UE 115-a, for example, as part of establishment of the first wireless connection. The URSP 265 may include one or more rules that trigger the UE 115-a to select the SNPN 235 according to the DTA SNPN selection process. In some examples, the URSP 265 may indicate to the UE 115-a that the DTA SNPN access mode is entered.

[0077] In order to select SNPN 235 according to the DTA SNPN selection process, UE 115-a may be configured with or otherwise store a DTA SNPN set from which UE 115-a may select SNPN 235. For example, UE 115-a may be configured with or otherwise store a DTA SNPN list (e.g., a prioritized list of DTA SNPNs), a DTA GIN list (e.g., a prioritized list of DTAGINs), or both, to select SNPN 235 from. In some cases, the network entity 105-b for SNPN 235 may broadcast GIN 270 to UE 115-a. GIN 270 may be a group identifier for network selection associated with SNPN 235. Thus, UE 115-a may receive GIN 270 and compare GIN 270 with the GINs associated with the selection of SNPN 235 included in the DTA GIN list. Figure 3 Additional details associated with selecting SNPN 235 using a prioritized list are included.

[0078] In some cases, UE 115-a may send a capability message 275 to network entity 105-a indicating the ability of 115-a to update stored DTA SNPN selection information (e.g., a DTA SNPN list, a DTA GIN list, or both). For example, to update the stored DTA SNPN selection information, network entity 105-a may send guidance for roaming-SNPN-DTA selection information (SOR-SNPN-DSI) 280 to UE 115-a indicating the update of the DTA SNPN list, the DTA GIN list, or both. In some examples, network entity 105-a may send SOR-SNPN-DSI 280 based on (e.g., in response to) receiving capability message 275. In some examples, capability message 275 may indicate that updating the stored DTA SNPN selection information is not supported by UE 115-a, and network entity 105-a may not send SOR-SNPN-DSI 280 to UE 115-a.

[0079] Upon selecting SNPN 235, UE 115-a may attempt to establish a second radio connection with the network via SNPN 235. For example, UE 115-a may send control signaling 285 to network entity 105-b, and network entity 105-b may send control signaling 290 to UE 115-a to establish a second radio connection with the network via SNPN 235, for example, as part of a RACH process. If establishment of the second radio connection is successful, UE 115-a may communicate with the network via the first radio connection and the second radio connection that together constitute a dual radio connection. If establishment of the second radio connection is unsuccessful, UE 115-a may select another SNPN 235 from the DTA SNPN set according to the DTA SNPN selection process, attempt to establish the second radio connection via the other SNPN 235, and so on, for example, until the dual radio connection is successfully established.

[0080] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may be associated with (e.g., included in) both the PLMN 205 and the SNPN 235. In this case, the UE 115-a may communicate with the network entity 105-a to establish a dual radio connection via the PLMN 205 and the SNPN 235.

[0081] Figure 3 An example of a selection diagram 300 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The selection diagram 300 may be as shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2Aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200 are implemented. For example, the selection diagram 300 may be used by a UE 115, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein.

[0082] In some implementations, UE 115 may operate in a DTA SNPN access mode and be configured with DTA SNPN selection parameters. The DTA SNPN selection parameters may include one or more of the DTA SNPN list 305 and the DTA GIN list 320. In some examples, the ME of UE 115 may be configured with the DTA SNPN selection parameters.

[0083] DTA SNPN list 305 may be a prioritized list of DTA SNPNs from which UE 115 may select a SNPN to establish a dual radio connection with the network. DTA SNPN list 305 may include one or more entries of SNPN identifiers (IDs) 315, each entry corresponding to an ID of a DTA SNPN. Figure 3 In the example of , DTA SNPN list 305 may include an SNPN ID 315-a corresponding to a first DTA SNPN, an SNPN ID 315-b corresponding to a second DTA SNPN, an SNPN ID 315-c corresponding to a third DTA SNPN, and an SNPN ID 315-d corresponding to a fourth DTA SNPN (although any other number of SNPN IDs 315 may be included in DTA SNPN list 305). In some examples, an entry (e.g., a first entry) of DTA SNPN list 305 may contain a PLMN ID 310-a corresponding to a primary PLMN (e.g., the PLMN via which UE 115 establishes a first wireless connection with the network).

[0084] The DTA GIN list 320 may be a prioritized list of DTA GINs that the UE 115 may use to select a corresponding SNPN to establish a dual radio connection. For example, the DTA GIN list 320 may include one or more entries of a GIN 325 that may be used to select a DTA SNPN. Figure 3In the example of , the DTA GIN list 320 may include a GIN 325-a corresponding to a first DTA GIN, a GIN 325-b corresponding to a second DTA GIN, a GIN 325-c corresponding to a third DTA GIN, and a GIN 325-d corresponding to a fourth DTA GIN (although any other number of GINs 325 may be included in the DTA GIN list 320). In some examples, an entry of the DTA GIN list 320 (e.g., a first entry of the DTA GIN list 320) may contain a PLMN ID 310-b corresponding to a primary PLMN. In some examples, the PLMN ID 310-a and the PLMN ID 310-b may be the same PLMN ID 310.

[0085] UE 115 may use DTA SNPN list 305, DTA GIN list 320, or both to select a DTA SNPN according to a DTA SNPN selection process (e.g., triggered based on operation according to a DTA SNPN access mode). For example, the ME of UE 115 may be configured with a "subscriber data list" comprising zero or more entries. Each entry in the subscriber data list may include a subscriber identifier (e.g., comprising a network specific identifier or IMSI), credentials (e.g., available in a USIM), an SNPN identity of a subscribed SNPN, one or more prioritized lists of SNPNs, one or more prioritized lists of GINs, or a combination thereof, as well as other parameters that may be included in each entry in the subscriber data list. In some examples, the DTA SNPN selection process may include if: there is at least one entry in the subscriber data list; or there are zero or more entries in the subscriber data list and the UE has a USIM with a PLMN subscription; and the ME is supplied (e.g., configured) with SNPN selection parameters associated with the PLMN subscription, the UE 115 may select an entry in the subscriber data list (if any) or the PLMN subscription (if any) for DTA SNPN selection.

[0086] The selected entry may include one or more prioritized lists of SNPNs, one or more prioritized lists of GINs, or a combination thereof. For example, the selected entry may include the DTA SNPN list 305, the DTA GIN list 320, or a combination thereof, as well as other prioritized lists that may be included in the selected entry. According to the DTA SNPN selection process, the UE 115 may select a DTA SNPN for establishing a dual radio connection from the DTA SNPN list 305, the DTA GIN list 320, or both. In an example, the UE 115 may select a SNPN (if available and allowable) according to the following order: each SNPN (in order of priority) with a PLMN ID 310-a that matches the primary PLMN identified by the SNPN ID 315 included in the DTA SNPN list 305; each SNPN with a PLMN ID 310-b that matches the primary PLMN that broadcasts the GIN 325 (in order of priority) included in the DTA GIN list 320. Other selection orders are also possible. For example, UE 115 may select the SNPN of broadcast GIN 325 before selecting the SNPN identified by SNPN ID 315. Alternatively, DTA SNPN list 305 or DTA GIN list 320 may be excluded from the selected entries, and UE 115 may select a SNPN from the included DTA prioritized list (e.g., in priority order).

[0087] Each SNPN ID 315 can be prioritized in a preferred order within the DTA SNPN list 305 (e.g., arranged in a priority order according to which the UE 115 can select the SNPN ID 315). For example, in an example where an earlier entry of the DTA SNPN list 305 has a higher priority than a subsequent entry, SNPN ID 315-a can be associated with the highest priority, SNPN ID 315-b can be associated with the next highest priority, and so on. Other priority orders are also possible. Similarly, each GIN 325 can be prioritized in a preferred order within the DTA GIN list 320. In some cases, more than one SNPN can broadcast the same GIN 325. Here, the order in which the UE attempts to register on those SNPNs can be determined by the UE. In some examples, the UE can limit the search for SNPNs to those that support next generation RAN (NG-RAN) access technologies.

[0088] Once UE 115 has selected an SNPN from DTA SNPN list 305 or DTA GIN list 320, UE 115 may attempt to register on the selected SNPN using the NG-RAN access technology and the subscriber identifier and credentials selected from the subscriber data list or from the USIM (e.g., to establish a connection with the network via the technology and the subscriber identifier and credentials). If UE 115 successfully registers with the SNPN, the UE may indicate the selected SNPN to the network entity. In some examples, if UE 115 is unsuccessful in registering with the selected SNPN, UE 115 may select a next SNPN according to the selection order of the DTA selection process and attempt to register on the next selected SNPN.

[0089] Figure 4 An example of a message diagram 400 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The message diagram 400 may be respectively represented by Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200 are implemented. For example, the message diagram 400 can be implemented by the UE 115 and the network entity 105 (which can be examples of corresponding devices described herein) to communicate the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 (which can be reference Figure 2 An example of SOR-SNPN-DSI 280 described herein).

[0090] The communication of the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 may enable updating (e.g., configuring) one or more prioritized lists of DTA SNPNs (e.g., DTA SNPN list 305), one or more prioritized lists of DTA GINs (e.g., DTA GIN list 320), or a combination thereof. For example, the network entity 105 may send the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 to the UE 115 to update the DTA SNPN selection information (e.g., one or more prioritized DTA lists for selecting the DTA SNPN according to the DTA SNPN selection process). The network entity 105 may update the DTA SNPN selection information of the UE 115 having the same PLMN subscription (e.g., PLMN certificate holder) or separately subscribed SNPNs via the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405.

[0091] To support updating the DTA SNPN selection information, the current DTA SNPN selection information may be retrieved (e.g., by the network entity 105, a network function) via a unified data management (UDM) function or a SOR application function (SOR-AF). That is, the network entity 105 may retrieve the current DTA SNPN selection information to determine the current DTA SNPN list, DTA GIN list, or a combination thereof stored by the UE 115. Based on the retrieved DTA SNPN selection information, the network entity 105 may determine whether to update at least a portion of the DTA SNPN selection information and what updated DTA SNPN selection information to transmit to the UE 115.

[0092] The network entity 105 may transmit the updated DTA SNPN selection information via the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405. For example, the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 may include one or more DTA SNPN lists 440, DTA GIN lists 445, or a combination thereof. The UE 115 may update the stored DTA SNPN selection information with the updated DTA SNPN selection information indicated via the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405. For example, the UE 115 may replace the stored DTA SNPN list with the DTA SNPN list 440, replace the stored DTA GIN list with the DTA GIN list 445, or a combination thereof. In some examples, replacing the stored DTA SNPN selection information (e.g., DTA SNPN and / or GIN list) may include replacing the DTA selection information included in an entry of a "Subscriber Data List" or associated with the selected PLMN subscription with the updated DTA SNPN selection information included in the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405.

[0093] In some examples, network entity 105 may send SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 based on the capabilities of UE 115. For example, network entity 105 may receive a capabilities message from UE 115 indicating whether UE 115 supports receiving SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 (e.g., updating stored DTA SNPN selection information) and may send SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 based on UE 115 indicating support for receiving SOR-SNPN-DSI 405.

[0094] In some examples, the network entity 105 may indicate that the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 is sent (e.g., exists) via a SOR transparent container. For example, the SOR transparent container may include an indication (e.g., a SOR-SNPN-DSI indicator (SSDSI) value) indicating the sending of the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 (e.g., whether the SOR transparent container includes the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405). The UE may receive the SOR transparent container and decode the SSDSI. If the SSDSI is set to a first value (e.g., "1"), the UE may determine that the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 is present. If the SSDSI is set to a second value (e.g., "0"), the UE may determine that the SOR-SNPN-DSI is not present. In some examples, if SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 does not exist (e.g., if the change of DTA SNPN selection information stored at UE 115 is not approved and therefore SOR-SNPN-DSI is not provided), the SOR transparent container may exclude the SSDSI to indicate the absence of SOR-SNPN-DSI 405.

[0095] The SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 may include various parameters that support updating the DTS SNPN selection information. For example, the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 may include a SOR-SNPN-DSI length 410, a DTA prioritization list 415 of a SNPN indicator (DLSI), a DTA prioritization list 420 of a GIN indicator (DLGI), a first entry DTA prioritization list 425 of a SNPN PLMN ID (FSPI), and a first entry DTA prioritization list 430 of a GIN primary PLMN ID (FGPI), one or more spare bits 435, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 may include a DTA SNPN list 440 and a DTA GIN list 445.

[0096] UE 115 may decode SOR-SNPN-DSI length 410 to determine the size of SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 (e.g., the number of bits of SOR-SNPN-DSI 405). In some examples, if SOR-SNPN-DSI length 410 indicates a length greater than a threshold number of bits (e.g., a threshold number of octets of bits), the UE may ignore the remainder of the bits (e.g., octets) at the end of SOR-SNPN-DSI 405. If DLSI 415 is set to a first value (e.g., “1”), DTA SNPN list 440 may be present in SOR-SNPN-DSI 405, otherwise DTA SNPN list 440 may not be present (e.g., excluded) in SOR-SNPN-DSI 405. Likewise, if DLGI 420 is set to a first value (e.g., “1”), DTA GIN list 445 may be present in SOR-SNPN-DSI 405, otherwise DTA GIN list 445 may not be present in SOR-SNPN-DSI 405. UE 115 may check FSPI 425 to verify whether an entry (e.g., a first entry) in DTA SNPN list 440 is a primary PLMN ID. For example, if FSPI 425 is set to a first value (e.g., “1”), the first entry of DTA SNPN list 440 may be a primary PLMN ID, otherwise the PLMN ID may not be present in DTA SNPN list 440. Similarly, UE 115 may check FGPI 430 to verify whether the first entry in DTA GIN list 445 corresponds to a primary PLMN ID.

[0097] Thus, by communicating the SOR-SNPN-DSI 405 , the DTA SNPN selection information may be updated, which may increase the flexibility of the DTA SNPN selection process and support adaptation based on local conditions at the UE 115 , for example.

[0098] Figure 5 An example of a process flow 500 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 500 may be implemented as shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 4 Aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200 may be implemented or implemented thereby. For example, the process flow 500 may include a UE 115-b, a PLMN 505, and a SNPN 510, which may be examples of corresponding aspects described herein.

[0099] In the following description of process flow 500, the operations may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 500, and other operations may be added to process flow 500. In addition, although some operations or signaling are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur simultaneously.

[0100] At 515, UE 115-b may establish a connection with the first network via PLMN 505. For example, UE 115-b and a network entity 105 included in PLMN 505 may communicate control signaling (e.g., including subscription information) to register UE 115-b with PLMN 505 and allow access to the first network via PLMN 505.

[0101] At 520, PLMN 505 may send a URSP to UE 115-b, triggering the selection of SNPN 510 for establishing a dual radio connection between UE 115-b and the first network. That is, the URSP may indicate that UE 115-b is selecting SNPN 510 according to a DTA SNPN selection process. At 525, UE 115-b may enter a mode associated with dual access to the first network via SNPN 510 (e.g., DTA SNPN access mode). For example, UE 115-b may be triggered to select SNPN 510 for establishing a dual radio connection according to a DTA SNPN selection process based on operating in DTA access mode. In some examples, UE 115-b may enter DTA SNPN access mode in response to receiving a URSP. In some examples, UE 115-b may enter DTA SNPN access mode independently of URSP. In some examples, UE 115-b may be configured to operate continuously (e.g., always) in a DTA SNPN access mode (e.g., prior to establishing a connection with PLMN 505).

[0102] At 530, the SNPN 510 may broadcast the GIN to the UE 115-b. For example, the network entity 105 of the SNPN 510 may broadcast the GIN. Based on receiving the broadcasted GIN, the UE 115-b may determine that the GIN is associated with the SNPN 510.

[0103] At 535, UE 115-b may send a capability message indicating the ability of UE 115-b to update stored SNPN information (e.g., stored DTA SNPN selection information) associated with the selection of SNPN 510 for establishing the dual radio connection. For example, the capability message may be an example of a SOR confirmation message indicating the ability of the UE to receive a SOR-SNPN-DSI message.

[0104] At 540, the PLMN 505 may send a first message indicating a set of SNPNs based on receiving the capability message. The first message may be an example of a SOR-SNPN-DSI message. For example, the PLMN may send a SOR-SNPN-DSI message indicating an update of a prioritized list set for SNPN selection (e.g., a prioritized list of SNPNs, a prioritized list of GINs). In some cases, the first message may include an indication of the number of SNPNs in the SNPN set, a list of SNPNs for dual wireless connections, a list of GINs associated with the SNPNs, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the first message may also include an indication of whether the first message includes a list of SNPNs, an indication of whether the first message includes a list of GINs, an indication of whether the SNPN list includes a PLMN ID associated with the PLMN 505, an indication of whether the GIN list includes a PLMN ID associated with the PLMN 505, or a combination thereof. The UE 115-b may replace the set of prioritized lists for SNPN selection with the set of SNPNs indicated in the first message based on receiving the first message.

[0105] At 545, UE 115-b may select SNPN 510 to establish a dual radio connection, wherein the UE has a dual radio connection with the first network via SNPN 510 and PLMN 505. For example, UE 115-b may select SNPN 510 from a DTA SNPN set (e.g., a stored DTA SNPN set, an updated DTA SNPN set) based on a prioritized list of DTA SNPNs that may overlap with the SNPN set (e.g., a DTA SNPN list). For example, the prioritized list of DTA SNPNs may be a subset of the DTA SNPN set. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115-b may select SNPN 510 based on a prioritized list of GINs. In some cases, the SNPN set may be associated with a PLMN.

[0106] At 550, UE 115-b may establish a second radio connection with the first network via SNPN 510 to establish a dual radio connection via PLMN 505 and SNPN 510, and may communicate with the first network via the dual radio connection.

[0107] Figure 6A block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communication manager 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0108] Receiver 610 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to SNPN selection for dual access to a network). The information may be communicated to other components of device 605. Receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0109] The transmitter 615 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to SNPN selection for dual access to a network). In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0110] The communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of SNPN selection for dual access to a network as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0111] In some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, which is configured to or otherwise supports means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0112] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured to or otherwise support means for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure).

[0113] In some examples, communication manager 620 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both. For example, communication manager 620 can receive information from receiver 610, transmit information to transmitter 615, or be integrated in conjunction with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0114] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 620 may support wireless communications at the UE. For example, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN. The communication manager component 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being made via an SNPN and a PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via an SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0115] By including or configuring the communication manager 620 according to the examples described herein, the device 605 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communication manager 620, or a combination thereof) can, for example, support techniques for more efficiently utilizing communication resources by supporting steering, switching, and splitting of traffic via two 3GPP networks.

[0116] Figure 7A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of the device 605 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0117] The receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to SNPN selection for dual access to a network). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0118] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to SNPN selection for dual access to a network). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0119] The device 705 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of SNPN selection for dual access to a network as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may include a connection component 725, an SNPN selection component 730, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 720 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 720 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both or otherwise collaborate with them. For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or integrate with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0120] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communications at the UE. The communication component 725 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a first wireless connection with the first network via the PLMN. The SNPN selection component 730 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being made via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. The connection component 725 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0121] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a communication manager 820 supporting SNPN selection for dual access of a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 820 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 620, the communication manager 720, or both as described herein. The communication manager 820 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of SNPN selection for dual access of a network as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may include a connection component 825, an SNPN selection component 830, a GIN selection component 835, a dual access component 840, a communication component 845, an SNPN update component 850, a UE capability component 855, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0122] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communications at the UE. The communication component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a first wireless connection with the first network via the PLMN. The SNPN selection component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being performed via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. In some examples, the connection component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0123] In some examples, to support selection of a SNPN from a set of SNPNs, SNPN selection component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support means for selecting a SNPN based on a prioritized list of SNPNs, at least a portion of the prioritized list of SNPNs overlapping with the set of SNPNs.

[0124] In some examples, to support selecting an SNPN from a set of SNPNs, the GIN selection component 835 can be configured or otherwise support means for selecting a GIN based on a prioritized list of GINs associated with the set of SNPNs. In some examples, to support selecting an SNPN from a set of SNPNs, the SNPN selection component 830 can be configured or otherwise support means for selecting an SNPN based on receiving a broadcast associated with the GIN from the SNPN.

[0125] In some examples, dual access component 840 can be configured to or support means for operating in a mode associated with dual access to a first network via an SNPN, wherein selecting the SNPN from the set of SNPNs is triggered based on operating in the mode.

[0126] In some examples, the dual access component 840 may be configured to or support means for receiving a URSP from the PLMN that triggers selection of a SNPN for establishing a dual radio connection between the UE and the first network.

[0127] In some examples, the SNPN set is associated with a PLMN.

[0128] In some examples, the list including the set of SNPNs includes identifiers of the PLMNs, and the SNPN is selected from the set of SNPNs in the list based on the list including identifiers of the PLMNs.

[0129] In some examples, a first SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs included in a prioritized list of SNPNs for establishing a dual wireless connection, a second SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs associated with a prioritized list of GINs, and the first SNPN subset is associated with a higher priority for selection to establish a dual wireless connection than the second SNPN subset.

[0130] In some examples, communication component 845 can be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving a first message indicating a set of SNPNs.

[0131] In some examples, SNPN update component 850 can be configured to or support means for replacing a second set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network with the set of SNPNs in response to receiving the first message.

[0132] In some examples, the UE capability component 855 can be configured to or support components for sending a second message indicating the UE's ability to update stored SNPN information associated with a selection of a SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection, wherein the first message is received based on the UE's ability to update the stored SNPN information.

[0133] In some examples, the first message includes an indication of the number of SNPNs in the SNPN set, a list of SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing a dual wireless connection, a list of GINs associated with the SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing the dual wireless connection, or a combination thereof.

[0134] In some examples, the first message includes an indication of whether the first message includes a SNPN list, an indication of whether the first message includes a GIN list, an indication of whether the SNPN list includes an identifier of a PLMN, an indication of whether the GIN list includes an identifier of a PLMN, or a combination thereof.

[0135] In some examples, the first message is a SOR-SNPN-SI message.

[0136] Fig. 9 A diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 905 may be an example of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein or include components thereof. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, a memory 930, a code 935, and a processor 940. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945).

[0137] I / O controller 910 can manage input and output signals of device 905. I / O controller 910 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 905. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of a processor such as processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with device 905 via I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 910.

[0138] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 925, a wired or wireless link, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915 or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925 may be examples of transmitters 615, transmitters 715, receivers 610, receivers 710, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0139] The memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory) or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the processor 940, but may cause the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, in addition to this, the memory 930 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0140] The processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 940. The processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., a memory 930) to enable the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., various functions or tasks supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network). For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include a processor 940 and a memory 930 coupled to or coupled to the processor 940, and the processor 940 and the memory 930 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0141] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communications at the UE. For example, the communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN. The communication manager component 920 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being made via an SNPN and a PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. The communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support components for: establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via an SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0142] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to examples as described herein, the device 905 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, increasing data rates, increasing capacity, increasing coverage, improving resource sharing, and more efficiently utilizing communication resources, among other things.

[0143] In some examples, the communication manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 920 may be supported or performed by the processor 940, the memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions that can be executed by the processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of SNPN selection for dual access to a network as described herein, or the processor 940 and the memory 930 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0144] Fig.10 1 is a flow chart of a method 1000 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 9 The described UE 115 may be performed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0145] At 1005, the method may include establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN. The operations of 1005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0146] At 1010, the method may include selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual radio connection between the UE and the first network, the dual radio connection being via an SNPN and a PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. The operations of 1010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described SNPN selection component 830 is performed.

[0147] At 1015, the method may include establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network. The operations of 1015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0148] Fig.11 1 is a flow chart of a method 1100 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The described UE 115 may be performed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0149] At 1105, the method may include establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN. The operations of 1105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0150] At 1110, the method may include selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual radio connection between the UE and the first network, the dual radio connection being via an SNPN and a PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network. The operations of 1110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described SNPN selection component 830 is performed.

[0151] At 1115, to support selecting the SNPN, the method may include selecting the SNPN according to a prioritized list of SNPNs, at least a portion of the prioritized list of SNPNs overlapping with the set of SNPNs. The operations of 1115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described SNPN selection component 830 is performed.

[0152] At 1120, the method may include establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network. The operations of 1120 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0153] Fig.12 1 is a flow chart of a method 1200 for supporting SNPN selection for dual access to a network according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The described UE 115 may be performed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0154] At 1205, the method may include establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN. The operations of 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0155] At 1210, the method may include operating in a mode associated with dual access to a first network via an SNPN. The operations of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described dual access component 840 is performed.

[0156] At 1215, the method may include selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual radio connection between the UE and the first network, the dual radio connection being via an SNPN and a PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network, wherein selecting the SNPN from the set of SNPNs is triggered based at least in part on operating in the mode. The operations of 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described SNPN selection component 830 is performed.

[0157] At 1220, the method may include establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish a dual wireless connection with the first network. The operations of 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described connection component 825 is performed.

[0158] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0159] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a PLMN; selecting an SNPN for establishing a dual wireless connection between the UE and the first network, the dual wireless connection being performed via the SNPN and the PLMN, the SNPN being selected from a set of SNPNs associated with dual access to the first network; and establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the SNPN to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

[0160] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein selecting the SNPN from the SNPN set comprises: selecting the SNPN according to a prioritized list of SNPNs, at least a portion of the prioritized list of SNPNs overlaps with the SNPN set.

[0161] Aspect 3: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein selecting the SNPN from the SNPN set includes: selecting the GIN based on a prioritized list of GINs associated with the SNPN set; and selecting the SNPN based at least in part on receiving a broadcast associated with the GIN from the SNPN.

[0162] Aspect 4: According to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method also includes: operating in a mode associated with dual access to the first network via an SNPN, wherein the selection of the SNPN from the SNPN set is triggered at least in part based on the operation in the mode.

[0163] Aspect 5: According to any one of aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprises: receiving a URSP from the PLMN triggering the selection of the SNPN for establishing the dual radio connection between the UE and the first network.

[0164] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the SNPN set is associated with the PLMN.

[0165] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the list including the SNPN set includes an identifier of the PLMN, and the SNPN is selected from the SNPN set in the list based at least in part on the list including the identifier of the PLMN.

[0166] Aspect 8: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein a first SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs included in a prioritized list of SNPNs for establishing the dual wireless connection, a second SNPN subset of the SNPN set corresponds to SNPNs associated with a prioritized list of GINs, and the first SNPN subset is associated with a higher priority for selection to establish the dual wireless connection than the second SNPN subset.

[0167] Aspect 9: According to the method of any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further includes: receiving a first message indicating the SNPN set.

[0168] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 9, further comprising: replacing a second SNPN set associated with dual access of the first network with the SNPN set in response to receiving the first message.

[0169] Aspect 11: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 9 to 10, the method also includes: sending a second message indicating the ability of the UE to update stored SNPN information, the SNPN information being associated with the selection of the SNPN used to establish the dual wireless connection, wherein the first message is received at least in part based on the ability of the UE to update the stored SNPN information.

[0170] Aspect 12: A method according to any one of Aspects 9 to 11, wherein the first message includes an indication of the number of SNPNs in the SNPN set, a list of SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing the dual wireless connection, a list of GINs associated with the SNPNs included in the SNPN set for establishing the dual wireless connection, or a combination thereof.

[0171] Aspect 13: A method according to Aspect 12, wherein the first message includes an indication of whether the first message includes the SNPN list, an indication of whether the first message includes the GIN list, an indication of whether the SNPN list includes an identifier of the PLMN, an indication of whether the GIN list includes the identifier of the PLMN, or a combination thereof.

[0172] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 9 to 13, wherein the first message is a SOR-SNPN-SI message.

[0173] Aspect 15: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0174] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0175] Aspect 17: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0176] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the various operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0177] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0178] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0179] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0180] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium or sent using the one or more instructions or codes. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or any combination of these items. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0181] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, including any medium that promotes computer program to be transmitted from one position to another position.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, disk storage or other magnetic storage device or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code member and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium.Disc and optical disc as used herein include CD, laser optical disc, optical optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blue-ray disc. Magnetic disks can reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0182] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0183] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Additionally, "determining" may include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0184] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label regardless of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference labels.

[0185] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The specific embodiments include specific details to provide an understanding of the technology. However, the technologies may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to suppress the concepts that obscure the examples.

[0186] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a public land mobile network; selecting an independent non-public network for establishing a dual radio connection between the UE and the first network, the dual radio connection being via the independent non-public network and the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from a set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network; and A second wireless connection is established with the first network via the independent non-public network to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks comprises: The independent non-public network is selected according to a prioritized list of independent non-public networks, at least a portion of the prioritized list of independent non-public networks overlapping with the set of independent non-public networks.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks comprises: selecting a group identifier based on a prioritized list of group identifiers associated with the set of independent non-public networks; as well as The independent non-public network is selected based at least in part on receiving a broadcast associated with the group identifier from the independent non-public network.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Operating in a mode associated with dual access of the first network via an independent non-public network, wherein selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks is triggered based at least in part on operating in the mode.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A UE routing policy is received from the public land mobile network that triggers the selection of the independent non-public network for establishing the dual radio connection between the UE and the first network.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of independent non-public networks is associated with the public land mobile network.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the list comprising the set of independent non-public networks comprises an identifier of the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from the set of independent non-public networks in the list based at least in part on the list comprising the identifier of the public land mobile network.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: A first subset of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks corresponds to independent non-public networks included in a prioritized list of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, A second subset of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks corresponds to independent non-public networks associated with the prioritized list of group identifiers, and The first subset of independent non-public networks is associated with a higher priority for selection to establish the dual radio connection than the second subset of independent non-public networks.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A first message indicating the set of independent non-public networks is received.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: A second set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network is replaced with the set of independent non-public networks in response to receiving the first message.

11. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: and sending a second message indicating an ability of the UE to update stored independent non-public network information associated with selection of the independent non-public network for establishing the dual radio connection, wherein the first message is received based at least in part on the ability of the UE to update the stored independent non-public network information.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first message comprises an indication of the number of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks, a list of independent non-public networks included in the set of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, a list of group identifiers associated with the independent non-public networks included in the set of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first message comprises an indication of whether the first message includes the independent non-public network list, an indication of whether the first message includes the group identifier list, an indication of whether the independent non-public network list includes an identifier of the public land mobile network, an indication of whether the group identifier list includes the identifier of the public land mobile network, or a combination thereof.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the first message is a direct to roaming independent non-public network selection information message.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; as well as instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a public land mobile network; selecting an independent non-public network for establishing a dual radio connection between the apparatus and the first network, the dual radio connection being via the independent non-public network and the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from a set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network; and A second wireless connection is established with the first network via the independent non-public network to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions for selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: The independent non-public network is selected according to a prioritized list of independent non-public networks, at least a portion of the prioritized list of independent non-public networks overlapping with the set of independent non-public networks.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions for selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: selecting a group identifier based on a prioritized list of group identifiers associated with the set of independent non-public networks; and The independent non-public network is selected based at least in part on receiving a broadcast associated with the group identifier from the independent non-public network.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Operating in a mode associated with dual access of the first network via an independent non-public network, wherein selecting the independent non-public network from the set of independent non-public networks is triggered based at least in part on operating in the mode.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: A user equipment (UE) routing selection policy is received from the public land mobile network that triggers the selection of the independent non-public network for establishing the dual radio connection between the device and the first network.

20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the set of independent non-public networks is associated with the public land mobile network.

21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the list comprising the set of independent non-public networks comprises an identifier of the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from the set of independent non-public networks in the list based at least in part on the list comprising the identifier of the public land mobile network.

22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein: A first subset of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks corresponds to independent non-public networks included in a prioritized list of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, A second subset of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks corresponds to independent non-public networks associated with the prioritized list of group identifiers, and The first subset of independent non-public networks is associated with a higher priority for selection to establish the dual radio connection than the second subset of independent non-public networks.

23. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: A first message indicating the set of independent non-public networks is received.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: A second set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network is replaced with the set of independent non-public networks in response to receiving the first message.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: and sending a second message indicating an ability of the apparatus to update stored independent non-public network information associated with selection of the independent non-public network for establishing the dual radio connection, wherein the first message is received based at least in part on the ability of the apparatus to update the stored independent non-public network information.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first message comprises an indication of a number of independent non-public networks in the set of independent non-public networks, a list of independent non-public networks included in the set of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, a list of group identifiers associated with independent non-public networks included in the set of independent non-public networks for establishing the dual radio connection, or a combination thereof.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first message comprises an indication of whether the first message includes the independent non-public network list, an indication of whether the first message includes the group identifier list, an indication of whether the independent non-public network list includes an identifier of the public land mobile network, an indication of whether the group identifier list includes the identifier of the public land mobile network, or a combination thereof.

28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first message is a direct to roaming independent non-public network selection information message.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: means for establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a public land mobile network; means for selecting an independent non-public network for establishing a dual radio connection between the apparatus and the first network, the dual radio connection being via the independent non-public network and the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from a set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network; and means for establishing a second wireless connection with the first network via the independent non-public network to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

30. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: establishing a first wireless connection with a first network via a public land mobile network; selecting an independent non-public network for establishing a dual radio connection between a user equipment (UE) and the first network, the dual radio connection being via the independent non-public network and the public land mobile network, the independent non-public network being selected from a set of independent non-public networks associated with dual access to the first network; and A second wireless connection is established with the first network via the independent non-public network to establish the dual wireless connection with the first network.

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