An analytical method and apparatus for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units.

Abstract

This invention discloses an analytical method and apparatus for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, relating to the field of ecological planning. The method includes: using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to divide evaluation indicators into an evaluation indicator system and initial weights, comprising: using the AHP to divide evaluation indicators into a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, and an indicator layer; obtaining combined weights after correction using the CRITIC method and the coefficient of difference method; using ArcGIS to obtain the score values ​​of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer; weighting and summing the score values ​​to obtain the evaluation result; dividing the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer into baseline control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units according to the MOLA model; and planning and controlling the divided units according to a combination of constraint indicators and unit access requirements. This invention can meet the unit delineation and management needs of different functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological planning, and in particular to an analytical method and apparatus for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units. Background Technology

[0002] Territorial spatial planning, by constructing the spatial pattern of the territory, optimizing urban form, adjusting industrial structure, and allocating land use types, reduces the absolute demand for energy. The resulting carbon emission reduction effect and carbon sink benefit are far greater than those achieved by reducing energy consumption through technological means.

[0003] In existing technologies, urban spaces within urban development boundaries have long been managed and controlled through detailed regulatory planning, resulting in a mature and refined control model. However, agricultural and ecological spaces outside urban development boundaries, due to their expanded geographical area, are often managed using a more extensive approach of "constraint indicators + zoning access".

[0004] However, relying on the "constraint indicators + zoned access" control method cannot meet the spatial division and management needs of different functions, resulting in insufficient management refinement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an analytical method and apparatus for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the unit division and management needs of different functions cannot be met, resulting in insufficient management precision.

[0006] This invention provides an analytical method for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Based on spatial planning indicators, factors reflecting the characteristics and functions of county-level ecological space were selected as evaluation indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to divide the evaluation indicators into a hierarchical system from top to bottom: target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer, and indicator layer, and initial weights were obtained for each indicator. The initial weights were corrected using the CRITIC objective weighting method and the coefficient of difference method to obtain combined weights. Based on these combined weights, a spatial overlay analysis was performed on the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer using ArcGIS to obtain the score values ​​for each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer. The scores were then weighted and overlaid to obtain the criterion layer. The evaluation results of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model (MOLA). The evaluation results of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method. 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained based on each level of each axis. The 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units according to the dominant ecological function. The divided units are planned and controlled in a way that combines constraint indicators and unit access. The constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the divided units, and the unit access are the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

[0008] Furthermore, the evaluation index system specifically includes: a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, and an indicator layer; the target layer is the delineation of ecological units; the criterion layer includes resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem value; the sub-criterion layer includes resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, ecosystem stress, sinking importance, recreational suitability, and ecological sustainability; the indicator layer consists of evaluation indicators obtained by selecting factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of county-level ecological space based on the main indicators of the territorial spatial planning.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the initial weights include: constructing judgment matrices for the criterion layer to the target layer, the sub-criterion layer to the criterion layer, and the indicator layer to the sub-criterion layer respectively; using the square root method to obtain the weight coefficients of each evaluation indicator based on the eigenvectors of the judgment matrices; and obtaining the initial weights of each evaluation indicator based on the weight coefficients of each evaluation indicator.

[0010] Furthermore, the acquisition of the combined weights specifically includes: obtaining an evaluation matrix based on the evaluation indicators and obtaining correction coefficients through the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method, and using the correction coefficients to correct the initial weights to obtain the combined weights.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criteria layer include: standardizing the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator within the sub-criteria layer using a fuzzy membership function to obtain the evaluation value; and using the raster calculator of ArcGIS to perform weighted superposition of each evaluation indicator to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criteria layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the 27 three-dimensional combinations include: using resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem value as the X, Y, and Z axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA; dividing the evaluation results of each indicator within the criterion layer into three levels, represented as X(X1,X2,X3), Y(Y1,Y2,Y3), and Z(Z1,Z2,Z3); and obtaining 27 three-dimensional coordinate combinations based on the division results.

[0013] This invention provides an analytical device for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, comprising:

[0014] The evaluation system comprises several units: Indicator Acquisition Unit, which selects factors reflecting the characteristics and functions of county-level ecological space as evaluation indicators based on spatial planning indicators; Weight Analysis Unit, which uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to divide the evaluation indicators into a hierarchical system (target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer, and indicator layer) and obtains the initial weights of the evaluation indicators; and revises the initial weights using the CRITIC objective weighting method and the coefficient of difference method to obtain combined weights; and Model Combination Unit, which, based on the combined weights, uses ArcGIS to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of each indicator layer within the sub-criterion layer to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer; and adds the score values. The evaluation results of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer are obtained by weight superposition. The evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model (MOLA). The evaluation results of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method. 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained based on each level of each axis. The 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into units according to their dominant ecological functions: baseline control unit, ecological maintenance unit, protection and restoration unit, ecological recreation unit, and water source security unit. The divided units are planned and controlled in a way that combines constraint indicators and unit access. The constraint indicators are the constraints on the control of the divided units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

[0015] This invention provides an analytical method and apparatus for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units. Compared with the prior art, its advantages are as follows:

[0016] The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to categorize the evaluation indicators into a top-down hierarchical system, consisting of an objective layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, and an indicator layer. Combined weights of the evaluation indicators were then obtained. Based on these weights, spatial overlay analysis was used to obtain the score values ​​for each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer. The scores were then weighted and overlaid to obtain the evaluation results for each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer. The evaluation indicators of the criterion layer were used as the three axes of the Multi-Objective Land Allocation Model (MOLA). The evaluation results for each indicator within the criterion layer were divided into three levels using the equal interval method. Twenty-seven three-dimensional combinations were obtained based on each level of each axis. These 27 combinations were then divided according to their dominant ecological functions into baseline control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units. The divided units were then planned and managed using a combination of constraint indicators and unit access criteria.

[0017] Specifically, the evaluation indicators of the criteria layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model (MOLA). Based on each level of each axis, 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained. These 27 three-dimensional combinations are then divided into different units according to the dominant ecological functions. The divided units are then planned and controlled in a way that combines constraint indicators and unit access. The evaluation results are first divided into 27 three-dimensional combinations using the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model (MOLA). Then, detailed unit division and control are carried out according to different dominant functions, ultimately achieving the effect of refined management. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A hierarchical structure model diagram of an evaluation system for an analytical method for delineating and planning the control of county-level spatial ecological units, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 The three-dimensional MOLA model base diagram (left) and the four-dimensional MOLA model diagram (right) for ecological unit delineation are provided in the embodiments of the present invention for an analysis method for county-level spatial ecological unit delineation and planning control.

[0020] Figure 3 An ecological unit classification study diagram for an analytical method of county-level spatial ecological unit delineation and planning control provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial connection relationship of ecological units in an analytical method for delineating and planning the management of county-level spatial ecological units, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] For a long time, my country has established relatively mature planning and control systems for agricultural and urban spaces, but it still lacks effective control measures for ecological spaces. Based on existing research, this paper, guided by green development, takes the constituent elements, dominant functions, and spatial layout of county-level ecological spaces as its starting point. Combining this with research on ecological space zoning and control, it attempts to clarify the construction logic and control strategies of county-level ecological units. This involves: determining the composition of county-level ecological space elements and land use evolution at a macro scale to gain a deeper understanding of the current situation and existing problems; and clarifying the dominant functions and zoning of county-level ecological units at a micro scale to explore the optimization of element allocation and control measures for county-level ecological units under the perspective of green development. This will enable the coordinated protection and utilization of resources in various ecological units at both scales, construct a methodological system and control path for delineating county-level ecological units, optimize the overall ecological security protection pattern, promote ecological space construction at the county scale, enhance the transmissibility of planning, and achieve comprehensive and all-element control of ecological spaces, balancing protection and development.

[0024] See Figures 1-4 This invention provides an analytical method for the delineation and planning management of county-level spatial ecological units, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Based on the main indicators of the national land spatial planning, select factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators.

[0026] Step Two: Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the evaluation indicators are divided into a top-down hierarchical system consisting of a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, and an indicator layer. Initial weights for the evaluation indicators are then obtained. The initial weights are corrected using the CRITIC method combined with the coefficient of variation method to obtain combined weights. The target layer is for ecological unit delineation; the criterion layer includes resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem function; the sub-criterion layer includes resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, ecosystem stress, sinking importance, recreational suitability, and ecological sustainability; and the indicator layer consists of other evaluation indicators selected based on the main indicators of the national land spatial planning, reflecting the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space.

[0027] Step 3: Based on the combined weights, the evaluation indicators of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer are standardized using a fuzzy membership function; the graded evaluation indicators are normalized using ArcGIS to obtain the score values ​​of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer; the score indices are weighted and superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained based on each level of each axis.

[0028] Step Four: The 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into baseline control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units according to their dominant ecological functions. Specifically: Areas with high ecological value, low ecological security levels, relatively advantageous ecological functions, and a focus on ecological conservation with controlled construction intensity and scale are designated as baseline control units. Areas with low resource and environmental carrying capacity, high ecological value, low ecological security levels, severe ecological degradation, and a high urgency for ecological restoration, requiring clearly defined protection objectives and restoration strategies, are designated as protection and restoration units. Areas with high ecological value, relatively good resource and environmental conditions and security levels, unique natural landscapes, convenient access, and high recreational suitability are designated as ecological recreation units. Areas with low ecological value, emphasizing the integrity of the ecosystem and the continuity of ecological processes, are designated as ecological maintenance units, ensuring that these units can effectively maintain and restore the functions and structure of the regional ecosystem. Water areas with high ecological value, low ecological resource and environmental carrying capacity, and important water source conservation functions, requiring further clarification of their protection levels and management requirements, are designated as water source security units.

[0029] The divided units will be planned and managed according to the constraint indicators and unit access methods.

[0030] Constraint indicators refer to the established constraints on unit-based management indicators. The indicator system comprises categories of management elements, specific control indicators, and management methods. Based on the classification of ecological units, different element categories within bottom-line control units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, ecological maintenance units, and water source security units are subject to categorized control. Unit access refers to establishing clear rules for usage access and conversion for various types of units, providing clear guidance for various activities within the ecological units.

[0031] This invention provides an analytical device for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, comprising:

[0032] The indicator acquisition unit is used to select factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators based on spatial planning indicators. The weight analysis unit uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to divide the evaluation indicators into a hierarchical system from top to bottom, consisting of a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer, and an indicator layer, and to obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators. The initial weights are then corrected using the CRITIC objective weighting method and the coefficient of difference method to obtain combined weights. The model combination unit, based on the combined weights, uses ArcGIS to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of each indicator layer within the sub-criterion layer, obtaining the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criterion layer. The scores are then weighted and overlaid to obtain the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer. The evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model (MOLA), and the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator within the criterion layer is divided into three levels using the equal interval method. Based on each level of each axis, 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained. The combined division unit is used to divide 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units according to their dominant ecological functions. The divided units are planned and managed in a way that combines constraint indicators and unit access. The constraint indicators are the constraints on the division units, and the unit access are the usage and conversion rules established for the division units.

[0033] A specific example is as follows:

[0034] Part 1: Analysis of evaluation indicators.

[0035] (1) Subjective weighting method - AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process).

[0036] The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multi-objective decision-making method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. Its main idea is to stratify the various factors of a complex problem according to certain rules. Based on subjective judgments of the collected information, the importance of each element in each layer is quantitatively described through pairwise comparisons. Mathematical calculations are then used to rank the importance of each element at each layer. Finally, a hierarchical ranking is performed to obtain the relative weights of all elements. Ultimately, this allows decision-makers to clarify and understand complex problems, leading to correct evaluations and decisions.

[0037] 1) Establish a hierarchical structure model:

[0038] With ecological unit delineation research as the target layer, resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem function as the criteria layer, resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern and importance of sinking as the sub-criteria layer, and water conservation, soil and water conservation, ecosystem structure, sinking potential and tourism development conditions as the indicator layer, a multi-level structural model is established.

[0039] 2) Construct the judgment matrix:

[0040] When using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weight coefficients of various indicators, a key step includes constructing a judgment matrix for the lower level relative to the upper level. This matrix possesses reciprocal properties, where factor A... i With A j The resulting judgment matrix is: A = (a ij ) n*n Matrix elements generally satisfy: The following judgment matrix:

[0041]

[0042] The judgment matrix uses a factor from the previous level as the judgment criterion. Invited experts, based on their daily work experience, use quantitative evaluation scales to compare the indicators at the same level pairwise and assign values ​​to the elements of the judgment matrix. The evaluation scales are divided into 9 items according to their relative importance, mainly consisting of 5 basic scales and 4 intermediate scales. The meaning of each scale is shown in the table below:

[0043] Table 1 - Criterion Layer A i With A j Meaning of scale judgment

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Judgment matrices were constructed for the criterion layer, sub-criterion layer, and factor layer, respectively. The Delphi method was used, involving the "AHP Expert Survey Form for Comprehensive Evaluation of Ecological Unit Delineation in a County under the Perspective of Green Development". Five professors, associate professors, and doctoral students in the fields of landscape ecology, physical geography, and urban and rural planning were invited to evaluate and score the data via email. The collected results were then used in yaahp software for weight calculation and consistency verification.

[0047] 3) Calculation of weight vectors and verification of the consistency of the judgment matrix:

[0048] Based on matrix theory, it can be deduced that the weight coefficients of each factor are the eigenvectors w of the judgment matrix, corresponding to the matrix's largest eigenvalue λmax. The weight coefficients of each factor can be calculated using the following formula:

[0049] A w =λ max W

[0050] When high precision is not required, approximate algorithms can be used to calculate matrix eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors. Currently, the most commonly used methods include the root method, the sum method, and the power method. Because the root method has significant theoretical value, is computationally simple, and is the most widely used, this paper intends to use the root method to calculate the index weight coefficients. The calculation steps are as follows:

[0051] ① Multiply the elements of each row of the judgment matrix to obtain Mi:

[0052]

[0053] ② Taking the nth root of Mi, we get

[0054]

[0055] ③Transform the vector After normalization, we get:

[0056]

[0057] The resulting matrix W = (W1W2, ..., W...) n ) T It is the eigenvector of the required judgment matrix, that is, the weight coefficient of each indicator.

[0058] ④ Find the largest eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, (AW)i is the i-th component of AW.

[0061] ⑤ Consistency check:

[0062] Finally, to ensure the reliability of the results, the consistency index (CR) is used to check the consistency of the judgment matrix. The consistency result is measured by the value of CR, generally with 0.1 as the boundary. When CR is greater than 0.1, it indicates that the matrix construction is unreasonable and needs to be readjusted; when CR is less than 0.1, it indicates that the matrix has strong consistency and is reasonably constructed. The formula for calculating the CR value is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] The RI value can be obtained by retrieving the random consistency RI table.

[0065] Table 2 - RI Index Comparison Table

[0066]

[0067] (2) Objective weighting method (CRITIC method).

[0068] CRITIC analysis is a method for determining the objective weights of indicators based on the magnitude of variation and the degree of conflict within each indicator. A larger standard deviation indicates greater internal variation within the same indicator, resulting in a higher weight; conversely, a smaller correlation coefficient indicates less conflict between indicators, leading to lower weights. Compared to other methods, CRITIC analysis fully considers the contrast strength between samples and the conflict between indicators during the calculation process, thus its results are more consistent with reality.

[0069] This method performs weight assignment according to the following steps. First, assuming there are m samples and n indicators, the evaluation matrix can be represented as:

[0070]

[0071] The method for calculating index weights in the CRITIC method is as follows:

[0072] 1) Calculate the mean b j and standard deviation s j :

[0073]

[0074] 2) Calculate the coefficient of variation:

[0075]

[0076] 3) Calculate the correlation matrix:

[0077]

[0078] 4) Calculate the information content of each indicator:

[0079]

[0080] 5) Determine the objective weights of each indicator and form a weight matrix:

[0081]

[0082] W = [β1, β2, ..., β] n ]

[0083] (3) Determine the overall weight using the difference coefficient method.

[0084] To simultaneously reflect both subjective and objective weights, the subjective method employs the AHP method, while the objective method employs the CRITIC method to establish a difference coefficient model, thereby determining the coefficients in the combined weights, where w = αw' + βw", α and β are undetermined coefficients, satisfying: α, β ≥ 0, α + β = 1.

[0085] The overall weighting coefficient of the indicators is determined using the difference method, as follows:

[0086] α=[n / (n-1)]T′

[0087] T' is the difference coefficient of each component of w'.

[0088]

[0089] P1, P2, ..., P n It is a rearrangement of the components in the subjective weight vector w' from smallest to largest, where n is the number of indicators. Then β = 1 - α, and substituting into w = aw' + aw", we get the comprehensive weight vector w for each indicator.

[0090] Substituting the data from the text, we obtain the calculation results: α = 0.52, β = 0.48.

[0091] Part Two: Comprehensive Evaluation of Ecological Unit Delineation

[0092] (1) Respect nature: Scientifically assess the carrying capacity of resources and environment.

[0093] Resource and environmental carrying capacity and land space development suitability assessment are indispensable foundational steps in the formulation of land space planning and the strengthening of spatial governance, covering four major areas: ecological protection, agricultural production, urban construction, and marine protection and utilization. Ecological protection assessment uses the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity as prerequisites for agricultural production and urban construction. Referring to a dual-evaluation system, the evaluation factor dominated by the importance of ecosystem service functions is used as the evaluation indicator for resource and environmental carrying capacity, while the evaluation factor dominated by ecological sensitivity is used as the evaluation indicator for environmental carrying capacity.

[0094] 1) Resource carrying capacity assessment:

[0095] ① Water conservation: The ability of an ecosystem to conserve water resources is of great significance for the overall allocation of water resources. Rainfall, topography, rivers, and vegetation cover were selected as evaluation factors, and ArcGIS spatial analysis functions were used for overlay calculations.

[0096] ② Soil and water conservation: The ability of an ecosystem to reduce siltation and nutrient loss is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil erosion disasters and for forest land construction. The calculation method is as follows:

[0097] A = R × K × LS × (1 - C)

[0098] A represents the soil retention index, R represents the rainfall erosivity factor, K represents the soil erosibility factor, LS represents the slope length factor, and C represents the vegetation cover index.

[0099] ③ Biodiversity: The ability of ecosystems to protect organisms from disturbance is crucial for maintaining and enhancing regional biodiversity. The calculation method is as follows:

[0100] S = NNP × T × P × (1 - E)

[0101] NNP is the annual net vegetation productivity, T is the annual average temperature, P is the annual average precipitation, and E is the altitude. In ArcGIS, all factors are normalized to between 0 and 1 to derive the biodiversity index.

[0102] 2) Environmental carrying capacity assessment:

[0103] ① Soil and water loss: Due to natural or human factors, rainwater cannot be absorbed locally and flows downstream, eroding the soil and causing the simultaneous loss of water and soil.

[0104]

[0105] S S The spatial unit soil and water loss sensitivity index is evaluated based on factors including rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), and slope length and gradient (LS). i ), surface vegetation cover (C i ).

[0106] ② Land desertification: This refers to the phenomenon where topsoil gradually becomes sandy due to soil erosion, resulting in the loss of fine particles (silt and clay), or due to the intrusion of shifting sands (silt), leading to a decline or even loss of land productivity. The calculation method is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Di is the index for assessing regional land desertification sensitivity; I i W i K i C i These are the sensitivity levels for assessing the aridity index, number of days with sandstorms, soil texture, and vegetation cover of the assessment area.

[0109] (2) Adapt to nature: Improve the level of ecological security.

[0110] Ecological security assessment aims to accurately measure the status of ecosystems affected by human activities, particularly the health of ecosystems closely related to specific landscapes. Through human intervention and management, it promotes the self-recovery and renewal of these systems to achieve harmonious coexistence between landscapes and ecological processes. Maintaining the connectivity of natural landscapes and the diversity of ecosystem structures within a region is crucial for preserving the integrity of ecological processes. Simultaneously, ecological security assessment should also focus on the quality of ecological product supply, the improvement of ecosystem service functions, and the enhancement of public welfare. Ecosystem services, as a bridge between nature and human well-being, are of great significance for maintaining internal ecosystem connections and human interests. High-quality ecosystem services not only ensure their sustainability but also serve as a crucial barrier against ecosystem degradation. These factors collectively constitute the comprehensive criteria for assessing ecological security.

[0111] 1) Ecosystem pattern:

[0112] ① Ecosystem Structure: Reflects the stability and organizational capacity of the ecosystem. Scores are calculated based on land use / cover data using ecosystem structure levels.

[0113] ② Natural patch connectivity: This measures the degree of spatial connection between ecological patches, reflecting the ease of energy flow and material exchange between patches in an ecosystem, as well as its ability to resist external disturbances. It is calculated using Conefor landscape analysis software based on land use / cover data.

[0114] 2) Ecosystem quality:

[0115] ① Habitat quality: The suitability of the ecological environment within a region for the habitat and reproduction of organisms, reflecting the quality of their living environment. Based on land use / cover data, the habitat quality module of the InVEST model is used for calculation.

[0116] ②Net primary productivity of vegetation: measures the total amount of organic matter accumulated by green plants per unit time and per unit area through photosynthesis, minus the remainder after autotrophic respiration. It reflects the productivity of vegetation and the carbon cycle efficiency of the ecosystem.

[0117] 3) Ecosystem services:

[0118] ①Biodiversity: The ability of ecosystems to protect organisms from disturbance, which is of great significance for maintaining and enhancing regional biodiversity. It is calculated using the biodiversity service equivalent method.

[0119] ② Soil and water conservation: The ability of an ecosystem to reduce siltation and nutrient loss is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil erosion disasters and the establishment of forest land. Calculation results from the soil conservation module of the InVEST model.

[0120] ③ Water Yield: This assesses the total amount of water converted from precipitation and collected through surface or groundwater runoff within a given timeframe, reflecting the water supply capacity of the ecosystem. The calculation results from the water yield module of the InVEST model are shown.

[0121] 4) Ecosystem stress:

[0122] ① Unnatural land use stress intensity: measures the degree of pressure and negative impact of unnatural land use caused by human activities on the surrounding ecological environment. Calculation results from the habitat quality module of the InVEST model.

[0123] ②Population density: reflects the degree of pressure and impact of human activities on the ecosystem.

[0124] ③ Habitat fragmentation: This measures the degree of habitat segmentation and loss of continuity within an ecosystem, reflecting the disturbance and damage to habitats caused by human activities or natural factors. It is calculated using Fragstats landscape analysis software based on land use / cover data.

[0125] (3) Protect nature: give full play to the value of ecosystems.

[0126] 1) Importance of increasing foreign exchange reserves:

[0127] ① Carbon sink capacity: The ability of an ecosystem to absorb and store carbon dioxide. This is determined using the ArcGIS raster calculator based on carbon sink intensity, forest quantity, and their changes. Carbon sink intensity is calculated using the carbon sink coefficient method.

[0128] ② Carbon sequestration potential: This reflects the likelihood that an ecosystem will increase its carbon storage in the future and is an important indicator for measuring the effectiveness of carbon sequestration measures. The amount of suitable land for forestry construction within the urban administrative space, and a database of afforestation and greening spaces in a certain county.

[0129] 2) Recreation suitability:

[0130] ① Human activities: This is specifically defined as road buffer distances. Longer road buffer distances may indicate lower noise pollution and higher natural landscape value, thus enhancing the recreational experience. These road buffer distances are derived from road network data using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0131] ② Tourism resource conditions: This is specified as the distance between scenic spots, reflecting the ease with which tourists can access these resources. Shorter distances generally indicate higher recreational suitability. The specific distances between scenic spots were determined using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0132] ③ Tourism Development Conditions: This is specifically defined as the distance from the core protected area. A greater distance may mean lower environmental pressure and greater freedom of recreation, but it may also reduce the uniqueness and attractiveness of the landscape. The specific distance from the core protected area was determined using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0133] 3) Ecological sustainability:

[0134] ① Slope: It has a significant impact on ecological processes such as soil erosion, vegetation distribution and land use, thereby affecting ecological sustainability.

[0135] ② Geological hazard sites: The existence of these sites poses a potential threat to the surrounding ecology and directly affects ecological sustainability and regional security.

[0136] ③Vegetation coverage: The percentage of the vertical projection area of ​​vegetation (including leaves, stems and branches) on the ground to the total area of ​​the statistical area, reflecting the density of vegetation and the level of ecological greening in the region.

[0137] ④ River network: Bearing vital ecological functions such as water circulation, material transport, and energy flow, it plays a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting biodiversity. Specifically, it is defined as river buffer zones, derived using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0138] Based on the above calculation method, the comprehensive weight of each indicator layer is calculated and weighted by using the raster calculator in ArcGIS software to obtain the evaluation results of each indicator layer, sub-criteria layer, and criterion layer.

[0139] Part 3: Ecological Unit Delineation Based on the MOLA Model.

[0140] (1) Classification of ecological units.

[0141] Different research perspectives can lead to different classification schemes for ecological unit types. The selection of ecological unit types should adhere to maintaining the integrity of the functional structure of a county's ecosystem and focus on solving key ecological spatial issues. Based on the preceding analysis of the ecological baseline and comprehensive ecological evaluation results, and by comprehensively identifying the main ecological functions of a county, the county's ecological units are divided as follows:

[0142] 1) Bottom line control unit:

[0143] This includes national parks, nature reserves, natural parks, and important water sources that are currently included in the ecological protection red line, as well as nature reserves that have already been included in the ecological protection red line and key protected areas. Its main function is to protect the habitats of rare and endangered plants and animals and to provide ecological spaces for tourism, scientific research, and other purposes.

[0144] 2) Ecological maintenance unit:

[0145] An important supplement to the ecological protection red line, the ecological conservation unit aims to protect and enhance the ecological value of specific areas through scientific planning and management. The main objective of the ecological conservation unit is to protect and improve the ecological environment quality of these areas, prevent ecological degradation, and promote the restoration and enhancement of biodiversity. This is achieved by implementing scientific ecological restoration measures and strengthening vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation efforts to maintain the ecological balance of these areas.

[0146] 3) Ecological recreation unit:

[0147] This category includes areas with a relatively concentrated distribution of natural landscape resources such as existing natural forests, typical zonal vegetation, and geological relics. Its primary function is ecological recreation, while also serving functions such as water conservation and soil and water retention, biodiversity maintenance, and stormwater retention. It also encompasses specific areas that integrate diverse recreational activities such as leisure, entertainment, sightseeing, and adventure, typically located in regions with beautiful natural environments and rich biodiversity.

[0148] 4) Protection and Repair Unit:

[0149] Ecological spaces identified through comprehensive ecological space assessment generally have poor ecological conditions and require focused improvement and restoration. These spaces have suffered severe degradation due to long-term human activities, natural encroachment, or other natural factors, posing a potential threat to the overall ecological security of the region. Special protection and focused restoration are necessary to restore their original ecosystem structure and function, and enhance the stability and self-repair capacity of the ecosystem.

[0150] 5) Water source safety unit:

[0151] It includes primary water source protection areas and their water conservation forest areas. These are ecological spaces primarily functioning as water supply and conservation centers, while also serving functions such as soil and water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and stormwater retention. They are specific spaces where special protection and management are implemented for water source areas and their surrounding regions through scientific planning and management.

[0152] (2) Ecological unit delineation model.

[0153] Based on the above analysis, the application of the three-dimensional MOLA model in ecological unit delineation should use resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem value as the X, Y, and Z axes. Thresholds should be determined according to local conditions based on the evaluation results, and the delineation levels should be sorted from low to high. The delineation results are represented as X(X1,X2,X3), Y(Y1,Y2,Y3), and Z(Z1,Z2,Z3). The various thresholds can be combined to form scenarios with 27 different characteristic combinations. A table corresponding to different characteristic groups and spatial partitions should be constructed to provide a basis for subsequent ecological unit delineation.

[0154] Table 3 - Ecological Unit Division and Functional Description of a Certain County

[0155]

[0156] Based on the above rules, calculations were performed to obtain the ecological unit delineation results, which are basically consistent with the ecological spatial pattern characteristics of a certain county. The baseline control unit covers the key protected areas of the county's ecological protection red line, located along the Yellow River in the eastern part of the county and a nature reserve in the southwest. Protection and restoration units are evenly distributed throughout the county in areas with low resource and environmental carrying capacity and ecological security levels, urgently requiring protection and restoration. Ecological recreation units are located in the central, southeastern, and southwestern parts of the county; these areas have high recreational suitability and good tourism resources. Ecological maintenance units are distributed throughout the county. Water source security units cover the Luohe and Weihe River basins involved in the county's ecological protection red line.

[0157] Part Four: Ecological Unit Management System of a County under the Perspective of Green Development.

[0158] Spatial control is a crucial path to maximizing the benefits of ecological units. To avoid problems such as chaotic planning and management, and to promote the implementation of detailed planning and control for ecological units, it is necessary to establish a control approach based on unit characteristics, strengthen the construction of control systems, and integrate them into the national spatial planning system.

[0159] Therefore, based on the ecological unit delineation results and the actual development of a certain county, this paper constructs a control system of "constraint indicators + unit access" based on ecological units with different dominant functions after classification and refinement. This is an optimization and improvement of the previous extensive "constraint indicators + zoning access" control method that directly targets ecological and agricultural spaces outside the development boundary.

[0160] The unit-based access control emphasizes addressing the ecological differences within each unit by establishing and implementing a series of access standards and measures to control and regulate the impact and development level of various activities, projects, or behaviors on the ecological environment. Indicator-based control further clarifies the management depth and methods for different areas within a unit, focusing on detailed regulations regarding the dominant land use, area, boundaries, and designated occupation of each plot, based on the unit's primary functions. In key areas such as ecological restoration zones and important project implementation sites, the development of special planning maps is required, detailing control rules such as restrictions on land development scale, setback requirements, traffic interface layout, green space ratio, vegetation coverage, and plant species selection.

[0161] (1) Clarify the rules for access to space for restricted use.

[0162] Ecological units, with their scientific planning, management, and layout, provide strong spatial guarantees for the green development of a county. Therefore, to ensure the stability and sustainability of their non-development functions, the primary task is to establish clear rules for land use access and conversion, providing clear guidance for various activities within the ecological unit. By developing a detailed "positive and negative list" for projects, clear standards and norms can be provided for project construction and management, ensuring close alignment with ecological protection goals. Simultaneously, project access procedures should not be limited to formal review but should be deeply integrated with various management and control requirements to ensure that each project conforms to the overall development direction of the ecological unit.

[0163] Specific and clear thresholds need to be established for the entry criteria of ecological units. These thresholds should cover multiple dimensions, including the project's environmental impact, resource utilization efficiency, and long-term impact on the ecosystem. Simultaneously, the impact on ecosystem service functions should be fully considered during the rule-making process, and specific control measures should be set accordingly. Furthermore, based on the type and level of the ecological unit, a detailed list of eligible project types, specific development and utilization measures, and corresponding construction control indicators should be provided to ensure the smooth progress of the project while simultaneously achieving ecological protection goals. In addition, necessary assessment processes should be added at each stage of project implementation, such as site selection justification, environmental impact assessment, and social risk assessment, to ensure that every aspect of the project undergoes rigorous review.

[0164] (1) Bottom line control unit.

[0165] Permitted access includes: approved scientific research, resource exploration, scientific monitoring and protection, disaster prevention and mitigation, and emergency rescue missions; approved major ecological restoration projects, species reintroduction, stock enhancement and release operations, and pest and disease control actions.

[0166] Restricted access: For construction required for special national strategies; major linear infrastructure construction; ecological environment remediation and restoration; geological surveys, exploration and mining activities; and repair of production and living facilities, applications and activity plans must be submitted to the relevant management agency in advance and approved by the management agency.

[0167] Prohibited areas: Human activities (prohibited in principle); development and production / operation facilities.

[0168] (2) Ecological maintenance unit.

[0169] Permitted access: Permitted to conduct management and patrol, protection and law enforcement, scientific research and investigation, monitoring and evaluation, geographic surveying and mapping, navigation services, disaster prevention and control, national defense construction, epidemic response and other related matters, as well as the construction and maintenance of necessary supporting facilities.

[0170] Access restrictions: For units with a large area and a dense population in the current core area, an appropriate population size and reasonable agricultural and pastoral activities may be retained, provided that their main functions are not affected.

[0171] Prohibited areas include: development and production-related construction (excluding national strategic projects); construction of special tourist facilities; and construction of large-scale cultural, sports, and amusement facilities.

[0172] (3) Ecological recreation unit.

[0173] Permitted access: Moderate sightseeing and science popularization activities that are in line with the "Overall Territorial Spatial Planning of a Certain County (2021-2035)" and will not harm ecological functions, as well as the construction and maintenance of supporting and necessary public service facilities.

[0174] Restricted access: Construction of ecotourism facilities, public education facilities and public service facilities; linear infrastructure; repair of production and living facilities.

[0175] Prohibited Entry: It is strictly prohibited to violate the "Overall Territorial Spatial Planning of a Certain County (2021-2035)" and the scenic area planning by establishing various development areas within the scenic area, or constructing hotels, guesthouses, training facilities, sanatoriums, or other buildings that are not directly related to the protection of scenic resources within the core scenic area.

[0176] (4) Protection and repair unit.

[0177] Permitted access includes: land use planning and ecological protection and restoration special plans at the county level and above, including: returning farmland to forest, returning orchards to forest, returning ponds to wetlands, construction of protective forests, comprehensive management of forest disasters, protection of ancient and famous trees; ecological restoration of mines; prevention and control of harmful organisms and invasive alien species; comprehensive management and restoration such as soil and water conservation, sand control, and vegetation restoration; and reclamation and ecological restoration of construction land related to comprehensive land consolidation across the entire region.

[0178] Restricted access includes: construction of ecotourism facilities, public education facilities and public service facilities; construction of linear infrastructure, flood control and water supply facilities; legally established water conservancy and transportation facilities; necessary repairs of living and production facilities; necessary geological exploration and mining activities; and military facility construction projects that cannot be avoided due to special reasons.

[0179] Prohibited areas include: development and production-related construction (excluding national strategic projects); construction of special tourist facilities; and construction of large-scale cultural, sports, and amusement facilities.

[0180] (5) Water source safety unit.

[0181] Permitted access includes: approved scientific research, resource exploration, scientific monitoring and protection, disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency rescue missions; approved important ecological restoration, waterway infrastructure construction, river control and river regulation, watershed water environment protection and management, and river and waterway dredging activities.

[0182] Restricted access: Major strategic resource exploration projects, ecological protection and restoration and environmental governance projects, major infrastructure projects, military and defense projects, transportation and port facilities construction and maintenance projects, water conservancy facilities construction and maintenance projects, major livelihood projects necessary for the basic livelihood of local residents, and special circumstances such as flood control and emergency rescue.

[0183] Prohibited Access: Within the core river channel control area, any activity that interferes with riverbed stability, threatens riverbank protection, or hinders the safe operation of the river channel is strictly prohibited. Furthermore, the construction of buildings unrelated to river protection and the operation and maintenance of water conservancy projects, such as residences, commercial premises, office facilities, and industrial plants, is strictly prohibited. In addition, all activities that are expressly prohibited by the relevant provisions of the National Hydrological Regulations and the "Regulations on the Protection of Hydrological Monitoring Environment and Facilities" and that adversely affect hydrological observation are strictly prohibited.

[0184] (2) Refine the constraints and control of key indicators.

[0185] To effectively convey the requirements of the overall national land space plan and related special plans, stimulate the diverse value of ecological spaces, guide the improvement of ecological functions, and guide the preparation of lower-level construction plans and the approval and management of construction projects, unit control indicators should be established based on the principles of quantifiability, comparability, reflection of ecological functions, and operability, focusing on the following aspects: First, clearly define the land use types and layout of ecological spaces, as well as the prohibitions, restrictions, or encouragements for land type conversion; second, clarify the control requirements for the protection, restoration, and utilization of special natural and cultural resources. Finally, guided by the regulatory goal of "ensuring the continuous improvement of ecological functions," highlight the key areas of human interference activities and ecological environment impacts, thereby decomposing ecological protection and management tasks into more specific element indicators to effectively achieve the protection and sustainable use of the ecological environment.

[0186] Table 4 - Control Indicator System for Various Ecological Units

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] Table 5 - Control Indicator System for Various Ecological Units

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] Table 6 - Management Indicator System for Various Ecological Units

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An analytical method for the delineation and planning control of county-level spatial ecological units, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The indicator acquisition unit selects factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators based on spatial planning indicators. The weighting analysis unit uses the analytic hierarchy process to divide the evaluation indicators into an evaluation indicator system based on a top-down hierarchical relationship, consisting of the target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer, and indicator layer, and to obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators. The initial weights are corrected using the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights; Based on the combination weights, the model combination unit uses ArcGIS to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer, obtaining the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer. The score values ​​are then weighted and overlaid to obtain the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer. The evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer is divided into three levels using the equal interval method. Based on each level of each axis, 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained. The combined division unit divides the 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units, and water source security units according to their dominant ecological functions. The divided units are planned and managed in a way that combines constraint indicators and unit access. The constraint indicators are the constraints on the division units, and the unit access are the usage and conversion rules established for the division units. The evaluation index system specifically includes: target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer, and index layer. The target layer is defined as ecological units; The criteria layer consists of resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem value. The sub-criteria layers are resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, ecosystem stress, sinking importance, recreational suitability, and ecological sustainability. The indicator layer consists of evaluation indicators obtained by controlling and selecting factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space based on the main indicators of the territorial spatial planning. The specific steps for obtaining the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criteria layer include: The evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer are standardized by using fuzzy membership functions to obtain the evaluation values. The raster calculator in ArcGIS is used to weight and overlay the evaluation indicators to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator within the sub-criteria layer.

2. The analytical method for delineating and planning the spatial ecological units of a county as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the initial weights include: Construct judgment matrices for the criteria layer to the target layer, the sub-criteria layer to the criteria layer, and the indicator layer to the sub-criteria layer, respectively. The weight coefficients of each evaluation index are obtained by using the square root method based on the eigenvectors of the judgment matrix, and the initial weights of each evaluation index are obtained based on the weight coefficients of each evaluation index.

3. The analytical method for delineating and planning the management of county-level spatial ecological units as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the combined weights specifically includes: The evaluation matrix is ​​obtained based on the evaluation indicators. The correction coefficients are obtained by using the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method. The initial weights are then corrected using the correction coefficients to obtain the combined weights.

4. The analytical method for delineating and planning the management of county-level spatial ecological units as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the 27 three-dimensional combinations include: Resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level, and ecosystem value are used as the X, Y, and Z axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA. The evaluation results of each indicator within the criteria layer are divided into three levels, represented as X(X1,X2,X3), Y(Y1,Y2,Y3), and Z(Z1,Z2,Z3). Based on the division results, 27 combinations of three-dimensional coordinates can be obtained.

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