Display integration

Abstract

A method and apparatus to integrate a display subarray into an eyeglass lens is disclosed, where the display subarray includes an emissive array and a reflective optical component that redirects light from the emissive array. In addition, the shield also reflects ambient light. An augmented reality system with an integrated display subarray is also disclosed.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 357,842, filed July 1, 2022, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0003] Background Technology and Technical Field

[0004] This invention relates to a full-color augmented reality (AR) display. Augmented reality (AR) uses technology to combine simulated environments with real environments. AR relies on optics to create a simulated environment that annotates or enhances a real environment, allowing a user to experience that environment as a real-world setting. Hardware for augmented reality typically includes a computer capable of synchronizing and mapping the simulated environment to a real-world environment in real time using a visual output display. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a method for integrating a display subarray into an eyeglass lens, the method comprising having a display subarray and an optical system, having eyeglasses containing at least one lens, having the display subarray including a emitting array, having an optical system having light delivered to a viewer’s eye on top of the emitting array, and having a shielding layer between the emitting array and the eyeglass lens.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a device for integrating a display subarray into an eyeglass lens, the device comprising: a display subarray and an optical system, eyeglasses containing at least one lens, the display subarray including an emission array; an optical system disposed on top of the emission array for delivering light to a viewer's eye; and a shielding layer between the emission array and the eyeglass lens.

[0007] The present invention also relates to an augmented reality system comprising: an eyeglass lens; a color-converting pixel array developed on the eyeglass lens; a shielding layer array that prevents ambient light from reaching the color-converting pixels; an optical array that directs light generated by the color-converting pixels to the viewer's eyes; and a display that generates a high-energy light source, and optical elements for directing light to the color-converting pixel array. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The foregoing and other advantages of this disclosure will become apparent after reading the following detailed description and after referring to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1A Show eyeglasses with one or two lenses.

[0010] Figure 1BA close-up view showing the subarray integrated into the lens.

[0011] Figure 1C Another related embodiment is shown, in which the neutron array includes an emitting layer 106 and reflective optics.

[0012] Figure 2A This demonstrates an implementation scheme in which the color conversion array is integrated into the eyeglass lens.

[0013] Figure 2B This demonstrates eyeglass lenses as an example of an optical system.

[0014] Figure 3A This demonstrates an implementation scheme in which the color conversion array is integrated on the top surface of the waveguide structure.

[0015] Figure 3B A cross-section of a waveguide with a color conversion array layer is shown.

[0016] Figure 3C An exemplary implementation of the color conversion array and output coupling layer is shown.

[0017] Figure 4A The structure is shown to have a shielding layer that prevents light from affecting color conversion pixel 404 from one side.

[0018] Figure 4B To and Figure 4A A similar structure, in which light from the display passes through a shielding layer or color conversion pixels from the color conversion surface or the area around the color conversion pixels.

[0019] Figure 4C This demonstrates the structure in which different color conversion pixels and masking pixels (R, G, B) produce different colors.

[0020] Figure 5 The system architecture demonstrates the use of a display and a color conversion pixel array (R, G, B) on eyeglass lenses. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following detailed description illustrates a method and apparatus for integrating a display subarray into an eyeglass lens. Furthermore, an augmented reality display system related to this method and apparatus is also described.

[0022] Building a full-color AR system requires high-brightness and high-resolution displays and optics to overlay images onto the real world.

[0023] In one embodiment, the display is integrated into glasses placed in front of the user's eyes. The display consists of an array of smaller individual subarrays.

[0024] In one related embodiment, the subarray may include a driving base plate, a transmitting device, and optics. In one related embodiment, the base plate, transmitting device, and optics are first integrated and then transferred into the spectacle lens. In one related embodiment, traces in the spectacle lens connect to a driver at the edge of the lens. The driver provides data to the subarray and communicates with the display's video or image source / processor or timing controller.

[0025] In one implementation, the shielding behind the pixel segment allows light to travel only toward the user's eye.

[0026] In one related embodiment, the optical device is a lens or lens array integrated on top of the emitting layer. In another related embodiment, the optical device is a mirror facing the user's eye. Here, the pixel subarray projects light into the mirror, and the mirror redirects the image to the user's eye.

[0027] The challenge of this type of structure is connecting the subarrays and the drivers.

[0028] In another related embodiment, an external display provides light to excite the color conversion array integrated into the eyeglass lens. In this embodiment, different color conversion pixel arrays are patterned on the eyeglass lens. A display including a pixel array that generates high-energy photons is used to excite the color conversion pixel array.

[0029] A shielding layer prevents color conversion from being excited by ambient light. The optical system can be a lens or a combination of different optical components. The display source can be integrated into the temples or frame of the eyeglasses. The optical system directs light from the display to the color conversion layer. Color conversion is patterned in a smaller area. The display and delivery optics can be calibrated to align and focus the display light onto the appropriate color conversion zone.

[0030] In another related scenario, a set of pixels in the display is turned on and mapped to that pixel via an activated color conversion area. The process can continue until the display's pixels are mapped to the color conversion area. Based on this color conversion mapping, video data is mapped to the display pixels during display operation.

[0031] In another related implementation, the display resolution may be smaller than the resolution of the color conversion array.

[0032] Figure 1AExhibit eyeglasses with one or two lenses 102. The eyeglasses may be monolens. Eyeglasses may be monocular: these eyeglasses have a single lens designed for only one eye. They are generally used to correct vision in one eye while allowing the other eye to maintain normal vision. Eyeglasses may be single-vision: these eyeglasses are designed for individuals with presbyopia, a condition in which the ability to focus on near objects declines with age. One lens is designed for distance vision, while the other lenses are designed for near vision.

[0033] Eyeglasses can be bifocal: Bifocal lenses have two distinct optical powers in a single lens. The upper portion of the lens corrects distance vision, while the lower portion helps with near vision. These lenses are typically used for individuals with presbyopia. Eyeglasses can be trifocal: Trifocal lenses have three distinct optical powers in a single lens. The segments are typically configured with distance vision at the top, intermediate vision in the middle, and near vision at the bottom. Trifocal lenses are also used to address presbyopia. Eyeglasses can be progressive / wireless bifocal lenses: Progressive lenses provide a smooth transition in optical power without the visible graduations found in bifocal or trifocal lenses. Progressive lenses provide a gradual change in prescription power from top to bottom, allowing clear vision at multiple distances. Eyeglasses can be specialized eyeglasses, such as safety glasses: These glasses feature impact-resistant lenses and are designed to protect the eyes during a variety of activities, such as sports, construction work, or laboratory experiments. Eyeglasses can be sunglasses. Sunglasses are designed to protect the eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and strong light. Sunglasses come in various styles and lens tints, offering different levels of protection and visual comfort. Eyeglasses can also be used as computer glasses: these are specifically designed to reduce eye strain and discomfort caused by prolonged use of computers or digital devices. Computer glasses typically feature lenses with an anti-reflective coating to minimize glare.

[0034] The subarray 104 is integrated into the lens 102. The subarray 104 includes an optical system and an emitting array. The emitting array can be an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) display. OLED displays consist of thin films of organic compounds that emit light when an electric current is applied. These displays offer high contrast ratios, wide viewing angles, and vibrant colors. OLED technology is commonly used in smartphones, televisions, and wearable devices. The emitting array can also be an Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display. AMOLED displays are a type of OLED display that uses an array of thin-film transistors (TFTs) to control the current flowing through each pixel. This allows for faster pixel response times and improved image quality. AMOLED displays are widely used in smartphones and high-end televisions. The emitting array can also be a MicroLED display. MicroLED displays utilize microscopic arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to create images. Each pixel in a MicroLED display is made of tiny individual LEDs. MicroLED technology offers high brightness, a wide color gamut, and excellent contrast ratios. It has the potential to provide superior image quality and is being explored for various applications, including large-screen displays and virtual reality headsets. The emitting array can be a quantum dot display. Quantum dot displays use semiconductor nanocrystals called quantum dots to enhance the color performance of LCD (liquid crystal display) panels. Quantum dots emit light of a specific color when excited by a light source. Compared to traditional LCD displays, quantum dot displays, when combined with LED backlighting, can achieve a wider color gamut and improve color accuracy. The emitting array can also be an electroluminescent display. Electroluminescent displays use thin phosphorescent materials that emit light when an electric current is applied. Electroluminescent displays can be flexible, allowing for the creation of curved or rollable displays. Electroluminescent displays are commonly found in applications such as smartwatches, automotive displays, and small handheld devices. The emitting array can also be a laser-induced display. Laser-induced displays use lasers to excite specific materials, which then emit light. This technology is still in the early stages of development and has the potential to provide high brightness, energy efficiency, and color reproduction.

[0035] Figure 1BA close-up view of a subarray 104 integrated into lens 102 is shown. Subarray 104 may include emission array 106. Optical system 108 may be present on top of emission array 106 to deliver light to viewer's eye 120. Optical system 108 may be made of lenses or combinations of different optical components. Optical systems may incorporate various lenses or combinations of different optical components to achieve a specific function. Some examples of lenses and optical components commonly used in optical systems are described below. For example, a lens may be a convex lens: a convex lens bulges outward in the middle and is thicker at the center than at the edges. A convex lens converges incident light rays to a focal point, resulting in magnification and focusing. Convex lenses are widely used in applications such as cameras, telescopes, magnifying glasses, and eyeglasses. In another example, a lens may be a concave lens: a concave lens is thinner at the center and curves inward at the edges. It diverges and diffuses incident light rays. Concave lenses are commonly used to correct myopia (shortsightedness) and are also used in optical systems such as microscope eyepieces and cameras. In another example, the lens could be an achromatic lens: an achromatic lens consists of multiple lens elements of different types to minimize chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration causes color fringing and image distortion. Achromatic lenses are used in cameras, telescopes, microscopes, and other systems where color correction is important. In another example, the lens could be an aspheric lens: an aspheric lens has a non-spherical surface, which allows for better correction of spherical aberration and other aberrations compared to traditional spherical lenses. Aspheric lenses are used in applications such as high-quality camera lenses, projectors, and laser collimation systems. In another example, the lens could be... In yet another example, the lens could be a cylindrical lens. A cylindrical lens has different curvatures along an axis, resulting in different focal lengths in different planes. Cylindrical lenses are used to focus or diverge light in a specific direction, correct astigmatism, or produce distortion effects. Cylindrical lenses can be found in laser optics, barcode scanners, and ophthalmic lenses. In another example, the lens may be a prism: a prism is a transparent optical element with a flat, polished surface that refracts, reflects, and disperses light. Prisms are used in optical systems for light redirection, beam manipulation, astigmatism, and image rotation. Prisms are commonly found in binoculars, cameras, spectrometers, and optical instruments. In another example, the lens may be a beam splitter: a beam splitter is an optical device that splits a light beam into two or more separate beams. A beam splitter transmits one portion of the light while reflecting another portion. Beam splitters are necessary in systems such as cameras, interferometers, optical microscopes, and lasers. In another example, the lens may be a polarizing filter. A polarizing filter is an optical component that selectively transmits light waves that vibrate in a specific direction. Polarizing filters are used to control or eliminate polarized light, reduce glare, or enhance contrast. Polarizing filters are commonly used in photography, LCD displays, and optical instruments.

[0036] A shielding layer 110 may exist between the emitting layer 106 and the spectacle lens 102.

[0037] Figure 1C This illustration shows another related embodiment in which the neutron array 104 includes an emitting layer 106 and a reflective optical system 108. The reflective material can be, for example, aluminum: Aluminum is a widely used reflective material due to its high reflectivity across the visible spectrum. Aluminum is typically applied as a thin metallic coating on eyeglasses or other substrates to create a reflective surface. The reflective material can also be silver: Silver has excellent reflectivity, especially in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Silver is commonly used in high-quality reflective coatings for optical applications. The reflective material can also be gold. Gold's high reflectivity is known, especially in the infrared range. Gold is used in special reflective coatings for applications such as infrared optics, thermal imaging, and spectroscopy. The reflective material can also be reinforced aluminum: Reinforced aluminum coatings consist of multiple layers of dielectric materials and aluminum. This coating design improves reflectivity over a wider wavelength range compared to a simple aluminum coating. The reflective material can also be a dielectric mirror: A dielectric mirror is a multilayer coating composed of alternating high and low refractive index materials. It is designed to reflect specific wavelengths while transmitting other wavelengths, allowing precise control of the reflected light spectrum. Reflective materials can also be enhanced silver. Enhanced silver coatings are multilayer coatings that improve silver reflectivity by protecting the coating against oxidation and enhancing its durability. Enhanced silver coatings provide high reflectivity over a broad spectral range. Reflective materials can also be enhanced gold, which uses a dielectric layer to enhance the reflectivity of gold and extend its spectral properties. These coatings are used in special applications requiring high reflectivity in the infrared range. Reflective materials can also be aluminum-magnesium fluoride (Al / MgF2): Al / MgF2 coatings combine aluminum with a layer of magnesium fluoride (MgF2). This combination enhances the durability and reflectivity of the aluminum coating while reducing its susceptibility to oxidation. Reflective materials can also be protected silver: Protected silver coatings have a dielectric layer on top of the silver layer, providing increased durability and protection against shine loss. Protected silver coatings provide high reflectivity over a wide wavelength range, making them suitable for various applications. Reflective materials can also be rhodium: Rhodium is occasionally used as a reflective material, especially in special optical components requiring high reflectivity and durability. Rhodium has good reflectivity in the visible and infrared regions.

[0038] The reflective optical system 108 directs light from the emitting layer (facing the optics 108) toward the user's eye 120. Here, the reflective optical system 108 can also shield light from leaving the user's eye to the other side of the lens 102 opposite the user's eye 120.

[0039] In one embodiment associated with Figure 1 (A, B, C), a subarray is fabricated and then laminated to spectacle lens 102. Another layer or lens may be present on top of the subarray 104. Integration between the subarray and the spectacle lens can also be achieved using microfabrication techniques: microfabrication techniques (e.g., photolithography, etching, and deposition) can be used to fabricate the subarray directly on the surface of the spectacle lens. This involves patterning and etching thin film materials (e.g., metals or semiconductors) into the lens to create the desired subarray structure. Integration between the subarray and the spectacle lens can also be achieved through thin film deposition and bonding. Subarrays can be fabricated separately on a substrate using thin film deposition techniques (e.g., sputtering or evaporation). Once the subarray is complete, it can be bonded to the surface of the spectacle lens using adhesives, optical bonding techniques, or even direct fusion bonding (if compatible materials are used). Integration between the subarray and the spectacle lens can also be achieved through masking and doping techniques. By using masking techniques (e.g., photolithography), specific areas of the spectacle lens can be masked and subjected to a doping process. Doping introduces different optical properties (e.g., changes in refractive index or light absorption characteristics) to establish a subarray within the lens. Integration between subarrays and spectacle lenses can also be achieved through laser ablation or micromachining: laser ablation or micromachining techniques can be used to selectively remove or modify areas of the spectacle lens to create subarrays. High-precision laser systems can be used to etch patterns or directly create surface structures on the lens to achieve the desired subarray configuration. Integration between subarrays and spectacle lenses can also be achieved through hybrid integration. In some cases, subarrays can be fabricated separately using alternating materials and techniques (e.g., semiconductors or polymers) and then integrated with the spectacle lens. This involves using adhesives, optical bonding techniques, or mechanical jigs to bond prefabricated subarray components to the lens.

[0040] In embodiments associated with Figure 1 (A, B, C), the emitting layer 106 can be a microLED or OLED, or other types of emitting devices. It may have one or more pixels or subpixels. The optical system 108 can be configured by applying a voltage. In one related case, the optical system may be a metasurface or a liquid crystal-based optics. Metasurfaces and liquid crystal-based optics offer exciting possibilities for optical systems due to their unique properties and capabilities. Some additional examples of how these technologies can be used are described below. Metasurfaces can be used for wavefront manipulation: Metasurfaces can be designed to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light waves, enabling precise control over the direction of propagation and focusing properties. This can be used for beam manipulation, aberration correction, and shaping complex wavefronts. Metasurfaces can be used for wavefront polarization control: Metasurfaces can selectively control the polarization state of light, allowing for polarization-sensitive applications such as polarimeters, polarization imaging, and polarization splitters. Metasurfaces can be used for holography: Metasurfaces can be used to create flat, ultra-thin holographic elements for applications such as 3D displays, holographic imaging, and data storage. Metasurfaces can also be used as filters. They can function as ultrasonic, customizable filters that selectively transmit or reflect light based on the surface's design parameters. This can be used for spectral filtering, color enhancement, or wavelength-specific light manipulation. Liquid crystal-based optics can be electrically tunable lenses. Liquid crystal lenses can be electronically controlled to change their focal length, allowing dynamic focus adjustment without mechanical movement. These lenses can be found in autofocus systems, adjustable optics, and adaptive optics. Liquid crystal-based optics can be used as spatial light modulators (SLMs). Liquid crystal-based SLMs can modulate the phase or amplitude of light with high spatial resolution. They are used in applications such as holography, beamforming, optical trapping, and optical information processing. Liquid crystal-based optics can also be used as switchable optical components. Liquid crystals can be used to build switchable optical components, such as polarization switches, optical shutters, variable attenuators, and tunable filters. These components offer fast response times and can be electrically or optically controlled. Liquid crystal-based optics can also serve as optical modulators. Liquid crystal-based modulators can modulate the intensity, polarization, or phase of light for applications such as optical communications, displays, and optical signal processing. Liquid crystal-based optics can also be used for beam manipulation. Liquid crystal-based devices can be used for beam manipulation and optical shifting by controlling the refractive index profile within the liquid crystal medium. This enables applications such as optical scanners, laser beam manipulation, and optical switching.

[0041] A shielding layer 110 can first be developed on the lens, and an emitting layer can be transferred onto top of the shielding layer 110. In one case, the optical system is integrated after the emitting layer 106 is transferred. To transfer the emitting layer onto the shielding layer already developed on the lens, one possible method is through a technique called layer transfer or layer transfer lithography. For example, the shielding layer is developed first. The shielding layer 110 is first developed on the lens substrate using a suitable lithography technique. This involves depositing a suitable material and patterning it to establish the desired shielding layer structure. Next, the emitting layer is prepared. The emitting layer 106, which is generally composed of organic compounds (in the case of OLEDs), is separately prepared on different substrates using deposition techniques (e.g., thermal evaporation or organic vapor deposition). The emitting layer is designed to emit light when an electric current is applied. Next, the transfer of the emitting layer is developed. After the emitting layer has been prepared, it needs to be transferred onto the shielding layer on the lens substrate. Layer transfer lithography can be used to achieve this. A common method is called peel-off transfer. In this method, a temporary substrate made of sacrificial material is often used as the carrier of the emission layer. The emission layer is deposited onto the temporary substrate and then carefully peeled off, thereby transferring it onto the shielding layer on the lens. The emission layer adheres to the shielding layer, forming a continuous layer. Another method is called stamp-transfer lithography. Here, a mold or template with the desired pattern of the emission layer is prepared. The mold is brought into contact with the emission layer on the temporary substrate and then transferred onto the shielding layer on the lens. The mold is carefully removed, leaving the emission layer patterned according to the shielding layer structure. Finally, integration and further processing are performed. Once the emission layer has been transferred onto the shielding layer, the integrated optical system can undergo additional processing steps. This may involve encapsulation to protect the emission layer and other components, electrical connections to provide power to the emission layer, and any necessary testing and quality control procedures.

[0042] In another related case, the optical component 108 is first transferred to the emitting layer, and then the emitting layer and the optical system are transferred together to the lens. In one case, a layer is formed to form a reflective optical component. This layer may be on top of the lens 102 or on a carrier substrate. The layer is deformed or etched to produce the desired shape of the optical component. Etching is performed, for example, wet etching: wet etching involves immersing the layer or substrate in a chemical solution that selectively reacts with and removes the material. Different etchants are used for specific materials. For example, buffered oxide etchants (BOE) are used for silicon dioxide (SiO2). Another example is hydrofluoric acid (HF) used for certain eyeglasses and silicon-based materials. Another example is piranha solution (sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) used for organic polymers. Another example is the use of dry etching. Dry etching is, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE). RIE uses plasma generated by a mixture of reactive gases to etch the material. Plasma reacts with surface chemistry, and ions bombard the material, thereby removing it. RIE is commonly used for semiconductor materials, metals, and dielectrics. Dry etching can also be plasma etching. Plasma etching involves using high-energy plasma to etch the material. Different plasma chemistry may be used depending on the material. Examples include oxygen plasma for organic materials and fluorine-based plasma for silicon-based materials. Dry etching can also be ion beam etching (IBE). IBE involves bombarding the material with ions accelerated in a vacuum chamber. The ions are sputtered off the material, thus producing the desired shape. IBE offers high precision and is suitable for materials such as metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics.

[0043] One or more reflective layers are deposited and patterned. The shape may be filled with a sacrificial or transparent material. An emissive layer is then bonded to a layer on top of the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer can be removed. The emissive layer faces the one or more reflective layers. If the structure is developed on a carrier substrate, then the structure is transferred to the spectacle lens 102.

[0044] In another related embodiment, the emitting layer is transferred to a carrier substrate, and a transparent film or sacrificial layer is formed on top of the emitting layer. The sacrificial layer is then patterned to form the shape of a reflective optics element. Subsequently, a reflective layer is formed on top of the sacrificial layer. The surface can be planarized using a polymer or other coating. The coating can be transparent. The entire structure is laminated to the spectacle lens. The carrier substrate can be removed. The sacrificial layer can be removed. Electrical traces may be present connecting the emitting layer to the edge of the lens for connection to a drive system, through which video and electrical signals are transmitted to the emitting layer.

[0045] Figure 2A An embodiment is shown in which a color conversion array 204 is integrated into the spectacle lens 202. A display 208, which projects high-energy light and is integrated into the frame 206 or temple 212, projects 210 onto the lens 202. Several possible examples exist when it comes to displays that project high-energy light and are integrated into the spectacle frame or temple. For example, the display could be an Augmented Reality (AR) display: an AR display integrated into the spectacle frame or temple projects high-energy light to overlay digital information onto the wearer's field of vision. These displays typically utilize technologies such as waveguide optics or microdisplays to project virtual images or information onto the lenses of the glasses. For example, the display could be a Heads-Up Display (HUD). A HUD integrated into the spectacle frame or temple projects high-energy light to display information directly in the wearer's line of sight. This technology is commonly used in automotive applications where necessary information (such as vehicle speed, navigation, or warnings) is projected onto a small transparent screen inside the windshield or glasses. For example, the display could be a laser projection display. Laser projection displays integrated into eyeglass frames or temples use a laser light source to project high-energy light onto a surface, thus creating a display. This technology allows for small and portable displays with high brightness and color fidelity. Laser projection displays can be used for presentations, entertainment, or visualization purposes. For example, the display can be a Virtual Reality (VR) display. VR displays integrated into eyeglass frames or temples project higher-energy light to create immersive virtual environments. These displays typically use high-resolution screens or microdisplays combined with optical elements to provide a wide field of view and accurate tracking. VR displays can be used for gaming, training, simulations, or other immersive experiences. For example, the display can be a heads-up health monitoring display. In the context of smart glasses, heads-up health monitoring displays integrated into eyeglass frames or temples can project higher-energy light to provide real-time health-related information to the wearer. This can include vital signs, fitness data, medication reminders, or other personalized health indicators. It is worth noting that the term "higher energy light" can encompass a variety of technologies, such as laser-based displays, high-intensity LED displays, or advanced projection systems. The specific implementation and technology choices depend on the desired functionality and requirements of the display integrated into the eyeglass frame or temples.

[0046] Display 208 may include a light-generating module and optics. Spectacular lenses 202 may be formed as an optical system to reflect light to the viewer's eyes. In another related embodiment, the optics may be on top of or below color conversion array 204 to deliver light to the viewer. The color conversion layer may have different sub-pixels that produce different colors. The color conversion array is used to convert the color of light emitted by a light source into a desired output color. A color conversion array may be, for example, a quantum dot color conversion. Quantum dots (QDs) are nanocrystals that can emit different colors depending on their size. A color conversion array using quantum dots can be incorporated into an optical system to convert light emitted by a primary light source (e.g., a blue LED) into a wide range of colors. This technology is commonly used in display, lighting, and backlighting applications. A color conversion array may also be, for example, a phosphor-based color conversion. Phosphors are materials that absorb one wavelength of light and emit different, longer wavelengths of light. In a color conversion array, a phosphor layer may be applied above or below the optical components to convert the light emitted by the light source into the desired color. Phosphor-based color conversion arrays are used in applications such as LED lighting, solid-state lighting, and fluorescence. Dye-based color conversion uses dyes in the color conversion array that absorb one color of light and emit different colors. By incorporating dye layers with different absorption and emission properties, color conversion arrays can achieve a wide range of colors. Dye-based color conversion arrays find applications in display technology, lighting, and color mixing systems. Color conversion arrays can also be, for example, color filter arrays (CFAs). Color filter arrays are used in image sensors, cameras, and displays to selectively filter incident light into different colors. A CFA consists of an array of microscale color filters (generally red, green, and blue (RGB)) that allows only specific colors to reach sensor or display pixels. CFAs are widely used in digital cameras, smartphones, and displays to retrieve or reproduce color images. Color conversion arrays can also be, for example, quantum rod color conversion. Quantum rods are elongated nanocrystals exhibiting tunable color emission properties. By incorporating quantum rod layers into a color conversion array, light emitted from a light source can be efficiently converted into the desired color. Quantum rod color conversion arrays have potential applications in lighting, displays, and optoelectronic devices. These examples demonstrate different techniques for color conversion arrays, each with its own advantages and applications. The specific choice of color conversion array depends on factors such as the desired color gamut, efficiency, stability, and cost considerations for a given optical system.

[0047] A shield beneath the color conversion layer prevents light from traveling in the opposite direction to the viewer's eyes. A protective or passivation layer may be present to protect the color conversion array 204. In one related case, a subset of pixels in display 208 is turned on, and the image established by the color conversion is retrieved and mapped to the pixels of display 208. The process can continue until most pixels in display 208 or most pixels in the color conversion layer are mapped. In one related case, the display has a higher resolution than the color conversion array. Here, the additional remaining pixels in display 208 may remain off. In another related embodiment, the color conversion array has more pixels than the display to facilitate mapping. In another related embodiment, the display, the position of the display, the orientation of the display, or the optics in display 208 may be adjusted to adjust the display array mapped to the color conversion array 204. In another related embodiment, at least a portion of the area between the color conversion pixels is covered with a material that absorbs high-energy light or redirects light from the viewer's eyes (or face). Some other examples of subpixels are PenTile matrix subpixel configurations. PenTile matrix configuration is a subpixel layout used in some displays, where each pixel consists of a combination of different colored subpixels. This configuration typically includes two subpixels, one with green and the other sharing red and blue. This configuration enhances resolution and reduces power consumption. Another example of a subpixel is the RGBW subpixel configuration. RGBW is a subpixel configuration that includes red, green, blue, and white subpixels. The additional white subpixel can improve brightness and power efficiency by providing additional light source. This configuration is commonly used in some LCD displays, especially in applications requiring high brightness, such as outdoor billboards. Another example of a subpixel is the Quattron subpixel configuration. Quatinon, introduced by Sharp, adds a yellow subpixel to the traditional red, green, and blue configuration. By enabling more precise control over color reproduction, the yellow subpixel is designed to enhance image brightness and color accuracy. Another example of a subpixel is a Micro-LED array: A Micro-LED array consists of an array of microscopic LEDs that emit red, green, and blue light. Each LED acts as a subpixel, enabling precise control over color reproduction and brightness. Micro-LED arrays offer high brightness and a wide color gamut, and can be used in applications such as high-resolution displays and virtual reality headsets. Another example for subpixels is a patterned color conversion layer: a patterned color conversion layer can be used to create subpixels with different color conversion properties. By applying a patterned layer with different color conversion materials, specific areas of the color conversion layer can selectively convert light into different colors. This implementation creates subpixels with different color properties within a color conversion array.

[0048] Figure 2B An example of a spectacle lens 202 as an optical system is shown. Here, a display 208 projects high-energy light onto an array of color conversion layers 204 (R, G, B) in the lens 202. The color conversion layers 204 (R, G, B) produce new colors and direct the light to the viewer's eye 220. A reflector may be present in the lens 220 to reflect the converted light to the viewer's eye 220. The reflector may also reflect light generated by the display back to the color conversion layers 204 (R, G, B). Collimator optics or other optics may also be present on the color conversion layers 204 (R, G, B) to collimate or redirect the light into the viewer's eye. The color conversion may have one or more sub-pixels. The lens is transparent or translucent so that light from the environment can reach the viewer's eye. The area between the color conversion pixels may be covered by a layer that absorbs or redirects high-energy light from the display.

[0049] Figure 3AAn embodiment is shown in which a color conversion array is integrated on the top surface of a waveguide structure 302. Here, a display 308 generates high-energy photons, and the light is coupled to the waveguide 302. The light exits from the top surface 316 of the waveguide 302, where the color conversion array 304 (R, G, B) is developed. Color conversion pixels 304 (R, G, B) are developed on the top surface 316 at the locations where the light exits, and form pixels. In another example, the embodiment may be a near-eye display. Near-eye displays (e.g., augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) headsets) may utilize a waveguide structure integrated with a color conversion array on the top surface. The waveguide directs high-energy photons from the display to the color conversion array, which then converts the light into different colors for the user to view. This enables the visualization of virtual objects, information, or immersive content in the user's field of vision. In another example, the embodiment may be smart glasses or a wearable display. Smart glasses or wearable displays may feature a waveguide structure with an integrated color conversion array on its top surface. High-energy photons generated by the display are guided through the waveguide, and the color conversion array on the top surface converts the light into different colors. This allows visual information, notifications, or augmented reality content to be presented to the wearer. In another example, the implementation may be directed to an optical see-through display. Optical see-through displays used in applications such as augmented reality (AR) glasses or helmet visors may integrate a waveguide structure and a color conversion array on their top surface. The waveguide directs high-energy photons to the color conversion array, which then converts the light into different colors for overlaying digital information or virtual objects onto the real-world view of the wearer. In another example, the implementation may be directed to a head-mounted display (HMD). Head-mounted displays, including virtual reality (VR) or mixed reality (MR) devices, may employ a waveguide structure with an integrated color conversion array on their top surface. High-energy photons from the display are directed to the waveguide, and a color conversion array converts the light into different colors for an immersive visual experience.

[0050] Figure 3BA cross-section of waveguide 302 with color conversion array layer 304 is shown. Display 308 is located on the top surface of another surface of waveguide 302. Input coupling surface 314 is formed on the opposite side of display 308. Light 350 undergoes internal reflection and hits output coupling layer 310. The light exits from the side opposite to or the same side as the output coupling layer. Color conversion array 304 is developed on the surface where the light exits the waveguide structure. An example of waveguide 302 can be a flat waveguide. A flat waveguide consists of a thin, flat waveguide core layer that guides light through total internal reflection. It is typically made of a high refractive index material (e.g., glass or polymer). Flat waveguides are commonly used in integrated optics, optical interconnects, and display technologies. Another example of waveguide 302 can be a channel waveguide. A channel waveguide confines light within a narrow channel or ridge structure. It is typically created by etching or depositing a high refractive index material onto a substrate. Channel waveguides provide strong light confinement and are used in applications such as integrated photonic circuits, optical sensors, and telecommunications. Another example of waveguide 302 is a strip waveguide. Strip waveguides are similar to channel waveguides but have a wider guiding region. They consist of a strip-shaped core surrounded by a low-refractive-index laminate. Strip waveguides are suitable for multimode light propagation and are commonly used in optical communication systems and optical wave circuits. Another example of waveguide 302 is a ridge waveguide. Ridge waveguides are similar to strip waveguides but are characterized by raised ridges on the core layer. These ridges provide additional lateral confinement of light, achieving higher guiding efficiency and better control of mode propagation. Ridge waveguides are commonly used in photonic integrated circuits and optical sensors. Another example of waveguide 302 is a photonic crystal waveguide. Photonic crystal waveguides utilize periodic refractive index changes to confine light within a specific bandgap. They are engineered structures with patterned regions that establish photonic bandgap, preventing light from propagating in certain directions. Photonic crystal waveguides are used in photonic crystal devices, photonic crystals, and optical integrated circuits.

[0051] Another example of waveguide 302 could be a polymer waveguide. Polymer waveguides utilize organic polymers with customized refractive index properties to guide light. They are flexible, low-cost, and compatible with manufacturing processes such as photolithography. Polymer waveguides are commonly used in integrated optics, data communications, and optical interconnects.

[0052] Figure 3C An exemplary embodiment of a color conversion array 304 and an output coupling layer 310 is shown. Here, the output coupling layer has a pixelated structure 316 that reflects light 352 outward. The color conversion structure 304, as part of the array, is formed on opposite sides of the reflector structure. One or more layers 318 may exist between the color conversion structures 304 that absorb unwanted high-energy photons. The reflector layer may be on the surface of the waveguide or within the waveguide structure. The waveguide 302 may be an eyeglass lens, or may be laminated to an eyeglass lens.

[0053] Figures 4 (A, B, C) illustrate different methods for integrating a color conversion layer into an eyeglass lens. These methods can be used in conjunction with any of the structures described herein. In one related embodiment, the color conversion, shielding, or other layers are developed on or within the eyeglass lens. In another related embodiment, the color conversion array is formed on or within a layer formed on top of the eyeglass lens. The procedures illustrated in Figures 4 (A, B, C) can be used for methods of forming on / in the eyeglass lens or in different layers.

[0054] Figure 4AThe diagram illustrates a structure containing a shielding layer 460 that prevents light from one side from affecting the color conversion pixel 404. A transparent film 440B may be present covering the shielding pixel 460. The transparent film 440B blocks some high-energy photons. The color conversion pixel 404 is formed on top of the transparent film 440. An example of a transparent film is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is a commonly used transparent film material known for its excellent optical clarity and high mechanical strength. PET has good moisture resistance and chemical resistance, making it suitable for various applications, including protective films and displays. Another example of a transparent film is polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a transparent film material with similar properties to PET but with higher temperature resistance. It offers excellent dimensional stability and can withstand higher operating temperatures, making it suitable for applications with high heat requirements. Another example of a transparent film is polycarbonate (PC). PC is a transparent film material known for its high impact resistance, optical clarity, and heat resistance. It is widely used in applications requiring transparency and durability, such as protective films, displays, and optical components. Another example of a transparent film is polyimide (PI). PI is a transparent film material offering excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength. Its ability to withstand high temperatures makes it suitable for applications in harsh environments, including flexible displays and integrated circuits. Another example of a transparent film is cellulose acetate (Cellulose). Acetate (CA). CA is a transparent film material derived from cellulose. It offers good optical clarity, moisture resistance, and biodegradability. CA films are used in a variety of applications, including protective films, encapsulation, and filters. Another example of a transparent film is polysulfone (PSU). PSU is a transparent film material with good chemical resistance and high-temperature stability. PSU is known for its excellent dimensional stability and creep resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring precise optical performance. Another example of a transparent film is polyethylene terephthalate (PETG). PETG is a transparent film material combining the properties of PET and glycol-modified PET. It offers good impact resistance, clarity, and chemical resistance. PETG films are used in applications such as protective films, encapsulation, and displays.

[0055] In another related scenario, the color conversion pixel 404 is formed directly on top of the shielding pixel 460. Another transparent film layer 440A may be present, covering at least a portion of the side of the color conversion pixel. The transparent layer 440A can block some high-energy photons. The first transparent layer 440B and the second transparent layer 440A may be identical. The transparent film 440B may be etched or patterned to create openings for the color conversion pixel 404. A lens 430 may be present on top of the color conversion pixel 404. The lens can guide high-energy light 450 from the display into the color conversion layer 404. The high-energy light is converted into the desired color for the pixel. The desired light 452 is redirected by the shielding layer and the lens to the viewer's eye. A shielding pixel array and a color conversion pixel array may be present. More than one type of color conversion pixel may be present in the array, thereby producing more than one desired color. The overall structure may be formed on a carrier substrate and then laminated onto the spectacle lens 402, or it may be directly developed onto the spectacle lens. Transparent layers 440A and 440B may be portions of spectacle lens 402. A shielding pixel layer may have sidewalls 460 covering the color conversion pixel side. Shielding pixel 460 and sidewalls 460-2 may be a single structure. In a related embodiment, shielding 460 and sidewalls 460-2 may form a concave mirror. The color conversion layer may also have a color filter structure to block some unwanted light from high-energy photons or the surrounding environment. Lens 430 on top of color conversion pixel 404 may be larger than the color conversion pixel 404. Sidewall structure 460 may be, for example, a tapered sidewall. The sidewall structure may have a tapered shape, gradually sloping downwards from the top surface of the shielding pixel layer to the color conversion pixel. This design helps enhance light guidance and prevent unwanted reflections or scattering within the structure. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a curved sidewall. The sidewall structure may bend along a specific curvature or radius. This curvature can be designed to optimize light propagation and redirection, ensuring efficient light extraction from the color conversion pixel and reducing losses due to internal reflection. Another example of the sidewall structure 460 is a faceted sidewall. The sidewall structure can have a faceted shape containing multiple flat or angled surfaces. Each facet can act as a mini-reflector, redirecting light in the desired direction and preventing light leakage or crosstalk between adjacent pixels. Another example of the sidewall structure 460 is a micromirror array. The sidewall structure can be composed of a micromirror array, wherein each sidewall surface is characterized by a small mirror-like structure. This array can help focus or collimate light within the structure, improve light extraction efficiency, and direct light to the desired viewing angle. Another example of the sidewall structure 460 is a reflective coating. The sidewall structure can be coated with a reflective material, such as a metallic or dielectric coating. This coating acts as a mirror, reflecting light within the structure back toward the color conversion pixel, enhancing light extraction and minimizing losses due to absorption or scattering. Another example of the sidewall structure 460 is a concave mirror. As mentioned in the information provided, the shielding pixel layer and sidewall structure can form a concave mirror shape.This structure can focus or converge light toward color conversion pixels, improve light collection efficiency, and enhance overall optical performance.

[0056] Figure 4B To and Figure 4A A similar structure. However, light 450 from the display passes through the color conversion surface or the area surrounding the color conversion pixel 404 via the shielding layer or the color conversion pixel. A lens may also be present on top of the color conversion pixel 404. To produce different colors, different color conversion pixels (including patterned color conversion layers, shielding layers, and optics) are formed side-by-side or in different layers.

[0057] Figure 4C This illustrates a structure where different color conversion pixels and masking pixels 404 (R, G, B) each produce different colors. In one related embodiment, each color conversion layer is formed on different layers 440R, 440G, and 440B. These layers can be similar to... Figure 4A and Figure 4B The transparent layer in the middle, and can be similar to Figure 4A and Figure 4B Pixels 404R, 404G, and 404B are formed. 440R is the red conversion layer. Layer 440R refers to the red conversion layer in the structure. It is responsible for converting incident light into red. This layer may contain materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit red wavelengths, allowing the desired color conversion. 440G is the green conversion layer. Layer 440G represents the green conversion layer. It is designed to convert incident light into green. This layer may incorporate materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit green wavelengths to achieve the desired color conversion. 440B is the blue conversion layer. Layer 440B represents the blue conversion layer. Its purpose is to convert incident light into blue. This layer may contain materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit blue wavelengths to achieve the desired color conversion. These layers 440R, 440G, and 440B are part of the color conversion structure in the optical system. Each layer is responsible for converting a specific wavelength range into the corresponding color (red, green, or blue) required for the desired color output. The exact composition and design of these layers depend on the specific materials, technologies, and manufacturing methods used in the color conversion process.

[0058] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a system architecture using a display 508 and a color conversion pixel array 504 (R, G, B) on a spectacle lens 502. The display 508 is movable to the area 532 on the lens where the eye 520 is focused 522. Scanning occurs through the lens 530. Figure 5In the described structure, with the display 508 and color conversion pixel array 504 (R, G, B) integrated into the spectacle lens 502, a mirror 530 is used to achieve scanning. One example of a scanning method is mechanical scanning. Mechanical scanning involves physically moving the display 508 or mirror 530 to reorient the light path. This can be achieved using, for example, an electric motor, actuator, or mechanically linked mechanism. The movement can be controlled to make the display scan across different areas of the lens 502, thereby aligning with the focal area 522 of the eye 520. Another example of scanning is galvanometric scanning. Galvanometric scanning utilizes a galvanometer mirror that can be rapidly rotated or tilted to reorient the light beam. By controlling the movement of the galvanometer mirror, the display 508 can scan across different areas of the lens 502. Galvanometric scanning provides high-speed scanning capabilities and precise control over the light path. Another example of scanning is MEMS mirror scanning. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors consist of tiny mirrors whose position can be changed by electrostatic or electromagnetic actuation. These mirrors can be integrated into a system to allow controlled scanning of the display 508 across different areas of the lens 502. MEMS mirror scanning offers compact size and fast response time. Another example of scanning is acousto-optic scanning. Acousto-optic scanning involves using sound waves to diffract light and manipulating the beam. By modulating the sound waves, the direction of the diffracted light can be controlled, enabling the display to scan across the lens 502. Acousto-optic scanning offers fast scanning speed and precise control. Another example of scanning is fiber bundle scanning. Fiber bundle scanning utilizes an array of optical fibers configured in a bundle. By selectively illuminating different fibers, light can be redirected to specific areas of the lens 502. This scanning method allows for flexible and localized scanning of the display. These examples illustrate different scanning techniques that can be employed to move the display across different areas of the spectacle lens 502, thereby aligning it with the focal area 522 of the eye 520. The specific scanning method used will depend on factors such as scanning speed requirements, system complexity, and the desired size and resolution of the display.

[0059] While this disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternatives, specific embodiments or particular implementations have been illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed. Rather, this disclosure will cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for integrating a display subarray into an eyeglass lens, the device comprising: Display subarray and optical system; Eyeglasses with at least one lens; The display subarray includes the transmitting array; An optical system, which is disposed on top of the emitting array and delivers light to the viewer's eye; and A shielding layer is located between the transmitting array and the spectacle lens; The emission array is a micro LED or OLED type device and has one or more pixels or subpixels, and the optical system can be configured by voltage application; The optical system is a metasurface or a liquid crystal-based optical component, and the shielding layer is first developed on the spectacle lens, and the emission array is transferred onto the top of the shielding layer.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the optical system is made of lenses or a combination of different optical components.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the display subarray comprises an emitting array and a reflective optical component, wherein the reflective optical component redirects light from the emitting array to the viewer's eye and shields the light from leaving the viewer's eye to the opposite side of the viewer's eye.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the display subarray is manufactured and then laminated to the spectacle lens.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein another layer or lens is present on top of the display sub-array.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical system is integrated after the emitting array is transferred.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical system is first transferred to the emitting array, and then the emitting array and the optical system are transferred together to the spectacle lens.

8. The device of claim 3, wherein the reflective optical component comprises one or more reflective layers, and the one or more reflective layers are formed on top of the lens or carrier substrate, wherein the reflective layers are deformed or etched to produce the shape required by the optical system.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the reflective layer is deposited and patterned, and the shape is filled with a sacrificial or transparent material, wherein the reflective layer is then bonded to a layer on top of the sacrificial layer.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the transmitting array faces the one or more reflective layers.

Images