Interactive programming system and method for data pragmatic network creation

Abstract

The invention provides a data pragmatic network creation-oriented interactive programming system and method, relates to the technical field of data management, and aims to realize novel data production and management in which semantic relationship creation and a data production process are fused. The system comprises an application layer, a data layer and a data sharing interface, the application layer is used for creating a module for creating data digital objects and creating pragmatic relationships among the data digital objects, and performing data sharing access and interoperation under a digital object interface protocol through a hypertext transfer protocol; the data layer is used for managing the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects and distributing digital object identifiers for the data digital objects; and the data sharing interface is used for interacting with the business server module through a digital object interface protocol and providing data sharing access and interoperation to the outside through the digital object interface protocol.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of data management, and in particular to an interactive programming system and method for creating a data pragmatic network. Background Art

[0002] As the digitalization of human society's material production, information exchange, and scientific research continues to evolve and deepen, more and more data is being produced every moment. The premise for data to be effectively used is that the data has interpretable value, and the basis of interpretability is semantics (the value of data needs to be measured by semantic information). However, the existing data management mechanism based on traditional Internet technology cannot meet the management needs of ultra-large-scale data because the value of data cannot be effectively confirmed.

[0003] Data annotation is currently the main method for introducing semantic information into data. It introduces semantic information at the last stage of data production, and the introduced semantic information is completely unrelated to the data production process. However, the data production process contains important semantic information of the data itself. Therefore, how to achieve a new type of data production and management that integrates the creation of semantic relationships with the data production process is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide an interactive programming system and method for creating a data pragmatic network, so as to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network is disclosed, comprising: The application layer includes a digital object and pragmatic creation module and a business server module, wherein the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create digital data objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects, and the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol; The data layer includes a database management module and an identification resolution service module, wherein the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, and the identification resolution service module is used to allocate digital object identifications to the data digital objects; The data sharing interface is used to interact with the business server module through the digital object interface protocol and provide data sharing access and interoperability to the outside through the digital object interface protocol.

[0006] Optionally, it also includes: The basic layer includes graph database and programming interpretation module; The graph database is used to store the data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects; The programming interpretation module is used to support interactive programming and code execution.

[0007] Optionally, it also includes: User interface, including graph data browser and language interaction module; The language interaction module is used to provide an interactive interface for interactive programming for programming users; The graph data browser is used to provide inspection and access to the graph database through network services to support viewing of system status and to visualize the viewed data digital objects and / or pragmatic relationships between data digital objects.

[0008] Optionally, the data sharing interface includes: A digital object interface client is used to communicate with a digital object interface server through a digital object interface protocol to provide users with data sharing access and interoperability of the system; The digital object interface server is used to parse and convert the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, and communicate with the business server module according to the obtained data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol.

[0009] Optionally, the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create digital data objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects, including: The digital object and pragmatic creation module calls a factory function to construct and return a data digital object whose data is the return value of the original function and metadata is input as decorator parameters, wherein the factory function is an original function whose return value is used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator; The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

[0010] Optionally, the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol, including: The business server module interacts with the digital object interface server through the hypertext transfer protocol to obtain data sharing access and interoperation requests under the hypertext transfer protocol, calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation methods provided by the database management module, executes the operation methods, and feeds back the execution results to the digital object interface server.

[0011] Optionally, the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, including: The database management module specifies the properties of digital data objects and adopts a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms according to actual conditions; The database management module provides storage and loading functions for data digital objects, as well as a complete graph database abstraction. It uses the triple of source data digital object, target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship type as the pragmatic relationship definition, and provides the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using a graph database to store data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects.

[0012] A second aspect of the embodiment of the present application discloses an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network, which is applied to the interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, including: The digital object and pragmatic creation module obtains the return value of the original function and the decorator parameter input, and constructs a data digital object with the return value as data and the decorator parameter input as metadata based on the factory function, wherein the factory function is an original function whose return value is used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator; Transmitting the data digital object to a database management module to be stored in a graph database of a base layer; The data of the digital object and the current operation timestamp are passed into the identification resolution service module to generate a digital object identification of the digital object, and the digital object identification is synchronized to the digital object of the graph database; The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information, and stores them in the graph database. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes: In response to a request to start a business server module for a system instance, the business server module initializes a server configuration according to an address and a port served by the business server module, and starts a digital object interface server; The user transmits the data sharing access and interoperability request to the digital object interface server through the digital object interface protocol at the digital object interface client; The digital object interface server parses and converts the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, obtains the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, and communicates with the business server module; The business server module calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation method provided by the database management module according to the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, executes the operation method, and feeds back the execution result to the digital object interface client.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes: The digital object and pragmatics creation module opens the graph data browser according to the graph data browser address in response to the request to start the browser for the system instance; A data viewing request is input into the graph data browser, and the graph data browser inputs the data viewing request into the graph database to obtain a return result of the data viewing request, and performs a visual display based on the return result. The data viewing request includes: viewing the system status, viewing the data digital object, and viewing the pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects.

[0015] The embodiments of the present application include the following advantages: The interactive programming system for data pragmatic network creation in the embodiment of the present application includes an application layer, a data layer and a data sharing interface; wherein the application layer includes a digital object and pragmatic creation module and a business server module, the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create data digital objects and create pragmatic relationships between data digital objects, and the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol; the data layer includes a database management module and an identification resolution service module, the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, and the identification resolution service module is used to assign digital object identifications to the data digital objects; the data sharing interface is used to interact with the business server module through the hypertext transfer protocol and provide data sharing access and interoperation to the outside through the digital object interface protocol.

[0016] Based on the application layer in the system, the semantic relationship creation is integrated with the data production process. In the interactive programming process of data production, data entity (creating data as digital data objects) and pragmatic relationship creation are realized to ensure the capture of complex data pragmatic relationships in the data production process. In addition, the management of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects is realized based on the data layer. Based on the data sharing interface and the business server module in the application layer, a more flexible hypertext transfer protocol is used to provide external services to support data sharing access and interoperability under the digital object interface protocol. In this way, a new data production and management solution is realized that is oriented to the creation of data pragmatic networks and integrates the creation of semantic relationships with the data production process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of another interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the steps of data instantiation and pragmatic relationship creation of an interactive programming method for data pragmatic network creation provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the steps of data access and sharing operations of an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the steps of data viewing of an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In order to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical concepts involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained.

[0021] Digital Internet: Based on software definition, various heterogeneous data platforms and systems are connected through a data-centric open software architecture and standardized interoperability protocols to form a "virtual / data" network on the "physical / machine" Internet. Under the architecture of the digital Internet, a data space of "data interconnection, on-demand scheduling, intra-domain autonomy, and inter-domain collaboration" can be formed.

[0022] Digital Object Architecture: Digital Object Architecture (DOA) is a logical extension of the Internet architecture. DOA is an open system architecture that provides powerful information management capabilities rather than simply transmitting digital information from one end of the Internet to another. DOA originated from mobile programs and radio packet switching systems. DOA includes two core protocols and three basic components. The two core protocols are the Identifier Resolution Protocol (IRP) and the Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP). The three basic components are the identifier resolution system, the warehouse system, and the registration system. In actual use, the warehouse system and the registration system are modular and can be combined as needed.

[0023] Digital Object: Digital Object (DO) is a concept proposed in DOA and is the basic element of DOA. DO can be a bit sequence, or a collection of bit sequences, which contains information that an organization or individual on the Internet has authority, interest or value. Each bit sequence in DO is organized according to a structure that can be interpreted by computing resources. As a basic element, each DO corresponds to a unique and permanent identifier, called a Digital Object Identifier (DOID). In addition, each DO corresponds to a type, and the type determines the operations supported by the DO. Finally, DO can be serialized to support its transmission between the client and the server.

[0024] Digital Object Repository: A class used to connect to a graph database to manage the storage, update, deletion, and relationship establishment of digital objects.

[0025] Identifier Resolution Service: A class used to assign unique DOIDs, responsible for generating unique identifiers for digital objects.

[0026] Data Digital Object (DDO): Data digital object, a digital object with general data as its content, is a specific implementation form of digital object.

[0027] DDO instance: an instantiation object of the digital object repository and identity resolution system. Every scientific computing scenario should start with the creation of a DDO instance, which can be used to create digital objects and relationships, and start the server to provide services as a digital object repository of the DOA architecture.

[0028] In related technologies, semantic information is introduced into data through data annotation methods. It is the last link of data production that introduces semantic information. The introduced semantic information is completely unrelated to the data production process. However, the data production process contains important semantic information of the data itself. Data is either directly collected from the real world by devices such as sensors, or obtained by transforming existing data in some way. The production process of the latter already contains semantic information: the relationship between existing data and new data is "transformed in a specific way". A large amount of data generated by humans is obtained by transforming existing data, and the huge data pragmatic network constructed by the complex pragmatic relationship between these data cannot be touched by traditional Internet technology. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new data production and management solution that integrates the creation of semantic relationships with the data production process in order to create a data pragmatic network.

[0029] Interactive programming is a new programming technology. Its WYSIWYG and fast running characteristics make it increasingly used in scientific research, software development, data engineering and other fields. Programming and code running are the main ways to transform existing data into new data in some way. Therefore, the interactive programming framework can become a key solution for the deep integration of data pragmatic network creation and data production process.

[0030] In order to overcome the limitations of related technologies, the embodiment of the present application provides an interactive programming system for the creation of data pragmatic networks. In addition to realizing the functions of a general interactive programming framework, the system also realizes the following requirements: 1) Data entity. The premise of building a data pragmatic network is that data exists independently as an entity with clear boundaries, while the boundary between data and code in interactive programming is fuzzy. Therefore, the system introduces an explicit marking mechanism to allow programming users to select and entity valuable data during the interactive programming process, and use this as the basis for building a data pragmatic network. 2) Management of digital objects and their pragmatic relationships. After the data is entity-ized into data digital objects, a pragmatic relationship construction mechanism is provided so that programming users can efficiently record pragmatic relationship information of the data production process; at the same time, the storage and access of large-scale data digital objects and their pragmatic relationships are efficiently managed. 3) Data sharing. The construction of data pragmatic networks is oriented to a wider range of interconnection and interoperability from the beginning rather than being closed. Therefore, the system shares the data digital objects and their pragmatic relationships produced and managed by this interactive programming framework with other users, realizing data sharing, access and interoperability of information systems in a ubiquitous environment. In this way, a new type of data production and management is achieved that integrates the creation of semantic relationships with the data production process.

[0031] The interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network in an embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks includes: The application layer includes a digital object and pragmatic creation module and a business server module, wherein the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create digital data objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects, and the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol; The data layer includes a database management module and an identification resolution service module, wherein the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, and the identification resolution service module is used to allocate digital object identifications to the data digital objects; The data sharing interface is used to interact with the business server module through the digital object interface protocol and provide data sharing access and interoperability to the outside through the digital object interface protocol.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, the created data digital object is a digital object created based on valuable data, and the valuable data is converted based on existing data (i.e., source data digital object). The pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects is used to characterize the pragmatic relationship information between the existing data and the generated valuable data.

[0034] The application layer is the business logic layer of the system, responsible for the convenient creation of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects in the interactive programming process, and providing services for the data digital object warehouse under the Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP). Among them, the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects, that is, the digital object and pragmatic creation module provides explicit annotation and automatic batch construction of data digital objects and their pragmatic relationship mechanisms through decorator technology; the business server module can be called the Flask HTTP server module, which is used for data sharing access and interoperation under the DOIP protocol through the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), that is, the business server module uses the HTTP protocol to provide actual business logic for data sharing access and interoperation requests under the DOIP protocol.

[0035] The data layer is the digital object management layer of the system, responsible for creating and managing digital data objects and their pragmatic relationships. The database management module is used to manage the digital objects and pragmatic relationships between digital objects, that is, the database management module specializes and abstracts a database to provide services for the data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects in the application layer; the identification resolution service module is used to assign digital object identifiers to the digital data objects to ensure that any digital data object is assigned a unique digital object identifier, so as to facilitate the retrieval, access and sharing of digital data objects based on digital object identifiers.

[0036] The data sharing interface is a data sharing and access interface provided by the system for DOIP protocol users, which interacts with the business server module through the HTTP protocol and provides data sharing access and interoperability through the DOIP protocol. Among them, data sharing access and interoperability include the addition, deletion, query and modification services (addition, deletion, query and modification) of digital data objects.

[0037] Through the above implementation process, the semantic relationship creation is integrated with the data production process based on the application layer in the system. In the interactive programming process of data production, data entity (creating data as data digital objects) and pragmatic relationship creation are realized to ensure the capture of complex data pragmatic relationships in the data production process. In addition, the management of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects is realized based on the data layer. Based on the data sharing interface and the business server module in the application layer, a more flexible hypertext transfer protocol is used to provide external services to support data sharing access and interoperability under the digital object interface protocol. In this way, a new data production and management solution is realized that is oriented to the creation of data pragmatic networks and integrates the creation of semantic relationships with the data production process.

[0038] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the present application embodiment further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network. In the system, in addition to the above functional modules, it also includes: The basic layer includes graph database and programming interpretation module; The graph database is used to store the data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects; The programming interpretation module is used to support interactive programming and code execution.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, the basic layer is the underlying data and code operation management layer of the system, which is responsible for the final storage and management of the data digital objects generated by the system, as well as the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, and supports interactive programming and code operation. In some embodiments, the graph database can be a Neo4j graph database (Neo4j is a high-performance graph database). To facilitate the creation of a data pragmatic network (i.e., a data network formed by data digital objects and the semantic relationships between data digital objects), the system supports the storage and access requirements of complex pragmatic relationship networks through the Neo4j graph database. In some embodiments, the programming interpretation module can be a functional module formed by the programming language Python (Python is an interpreted, object-oriented high-level programming language) and its interpreter.

[0040] In this way, data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects are stored through the basic layer, thereby providing data support for data sharing, access and interoperability in the system.

[0041] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the present application embodiment further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network. In the system, in addition to the above functional modules, it also includes: User interface, including graph data browser and language interaction module; The language interaction module is used to provide an interactive interface for interactive programming for programming users; The graph data browser is used to provide inspection and access to the graph database through network services to support viewing of system status and to visualize the viewed data digital objects and / or pragmatic relationships between data digital objects.

[0042] Among them, the user interface is an interactive interface provided by the system for programming users. In some embodiments, the language interaction module can be Jupyter Notebook (Jupyter Notebook is a web-based application for interactive computing). Considering the needs of interactive programming, the system uses Jupyter Notebook as a stable, user-friendly basic framework for interactive programming as an interactive interface for programming users. In some embodiments, the graph data browser is Neo4j Browser (Neo4j Browse is a development tool for Neo4j graph database). Considering that the system is oriented to huge data digital objects and their pragmatic relationships, Neo4j Browser is used to provide conditions such as Neo4j query language, cypher (cypher is a database statement) statements or metadata fields of a digital object in the system, and then provide inspection and access to the graph database through network services (web services) to support viewing the system status and visualize the viewed digital objects and / or pragmatic relationships between digital objects; wherein the visual display includes intuitive presentation in various forms such as connection diagrams and tables.

[0043] In this way, the interaction between the programming user and the system is realized through the user interface, so that the programming user can create data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects through the user interface, and view the system status, data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects through the user interface.

[0044] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the present application embodiment further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network, in which the data sharing interface includes: A digital object interface client is used to communicate with a digital object interface server through a digital object interface protocol to provide users with data sharing access and interoperability of the system; The digital object interface server is used to parse and convert the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, and communicate with the business server module according to the obtained data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the digital object interface client may be referred to as a DOIP client, and the function of the digital object interface client is to provide users with system data sharing access and interoperability. According to the DOIP protocol, the digital object interface client provides DOIP users with the function of accessing and managing system internal data, and can be easily integrated into any DOIP application, thereby supporting information system interoperability in a ubiquitous environment. Specifically, the digital object interface client needs to follow a request and response transmission agreement under a DOIP protocol communication with the digital object interface server (which may be referred to as a DOIP server), and at the same time needs to be compatible with the DO class design defined in the DOIP protocol, so that any DOIP protocol defined DO class can be uploaded to the digital object interface server and ultimately converted into a DO defined, stored, and managed by the system data layer, and any DO defined, stored, and managed by the system data layer can be downloaded and converted into a DO class defined by the DOIP protocol to support further data operations.

[0046] The function of the digital object interface server is to make the system act as a DO warehouse specified by the DOIP protocol and use the DOIP protocol to provide services to the digital object interface client. Considering the decoupling, the digital object interface server actually plays the role of a protocol conversion gateway: although as a server in the DOIP protocol communication, it provides DO warehouse services to the digital object interface client, but the actual business function needs to be provided by the business server module as a client in the HTTP protocol communication. In other words, for obtaining data sharing access and interoperation requests under the DOIP protocol from the digital object interface client, the digital object interface server needs to parse and convert the data sharing access and interoperation requests under the DOIP protocol to obtain the data sharing access and interoperation requests under the HTTP protocol, and communicate with the business server module. Therefore, the digital object interface server needs to implement the parsing and construction of DOIP messages and HTTP protocol communication data packets for DOIP protocol communication, and needs to implement the mutual conversion between the request fields and parameters specified in the DOIP protocol and the JSON format (JSON is a lightweight data exchange format) request, as well as the DO class specified in the DOIP protocol and the DO class specified in the system data layer, to support the communication between the DOIP client and the business server module.

[0047] In this way, the data sharing interface provides DOIP users with system data sharing access and interoperability.

[0048] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the embodiment of the present application further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network. In the system, the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects, specifically including: The digital object and pragmatic creation module calls a factory function to construct and return a data digital object whose data is the return value of the original function and metadata is input as decorator parameters, wherein the factory function is an original function whose return value is used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator; The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present application, the function of the digital object and pragmatic creation module is to provide a data digital object and its pragmatic relationship creation function based on explicit annotations at the programming user level, while simplifying the annotation workload, and automating and batching the creation of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships as much as possible. In addition, considering that the program for processing and transforming data is generally not strongly related to the data content, but has a certain degree of versatility, the digital object and pragmatic creation module needs to implement a function that supports general programs to record corresponding pragmatic information when processing different specific data. Therefore, the digital object and pragmatic creation module adopts python decorator technology and proposes the concept of data digital objects. For any original function that a user believes returns valuable data, it can be modified with a decorator to make it a factory function. In this way, each factory function call will return a data digital object composed of the return value of the original function and the metadata as the input of the decorator parameter, thereby realizing the entity of the data.

[0050] That is to say, as long as the programming user needs to materialize the data, a factory function is defined, the original data digital object is input into the factory function, the original function in the factory function processes the original data digital object, and the return value (i.e., valuable data) is used as the data of the newly created data digital object, and the semantic information filled in by the decorator is used as the metadata of the newly created data digital object, thereby obtaining the newly created data digital object. It can be understood that when the return value obtained is an existing data, it is considered that the corresponding data digital object has been created in the system, and the data digital object creation operation is skipped at this time.

[0051] For the materialized data digital objects, the digital object and pragmatic creation module provides a pragmatic relationship construction method. The user only needs to explicitly input and determine the pragmatic relationship type in the pragmatic relationship triple, so that the substantially identical pragmatic relationships between a large amount of data can be efficiently recorded and stored at one time. The digital object and pragmatic creation function of the digital object and pragmatic creation module not only supports the need to create a data pragmatic relationship network, but also has a certain degree of versatility.

[0052] In this way, based on the digital objects and pragmatic creation modules in the application layer, the semantic relationship creation is integrated with the data production process. In the interactive programming process of data production, data entity and pragmatic relationship creation are realized, ensuring the capture of complex data pragmatic relationships in the data production process, thereby ensuring the availability of data in the data pragmatic network.

[0053] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the embodiment of the present application further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network, in which the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol, specifically including: The business server module interacts with the digital object interface server through the hypertext transfer protocol to obtain data sharing access and interoperation requests under the hypertext transfer protocol, calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation methods provided by the database management module, executes the operation methods, and feeds back the execution results to the digital object interface server.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the function of the business server module is to enable the system to act as a DO warehouse specified by the DOIP protocol, communicate with the digital object interface server through the HTTP protocol or provide functions to the digital object interface server. Among them, data sharing access and interoperation (i.e., the basic functions of the DO warehouse specified by the DOIP protocol) include handshake, return to the system support operation list, and add, delete, modify, query and other six operations on system data. Taking decoupling into consideration, the system does not directly implement the server that uses the DOIP protocol for communication at the application layer, but uses the more flexible HTTP protocol to support data sharing access and interoperation under the DOIP protocol. The business server module adopts Flask (Flask is a lightweight Web application framework written in Python) technology, which can support flexible and high-performance back-end server development, and cooperate with the database management module in the data layer to provide reliable services for the upper-level digital object interface server.

[0055] In this way, the business server module in the application layer supports data sharing access and interoperability under the DOIP protocol, and realizes standardized management and interoperability of data digital objects by supporting the DOIP protocol.

[0056] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the embodiment of the present application further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network. In the system, the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, specifically including: The database management module specifies the properties of digital data objects and adopts a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms according to actual conditions; The database management module provides storage and loading functions for data digital objects, as well as a complete graph database abstraction. It uses the triple of source data digital object, target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship type as the pragmatic relationship definition, and provides the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using a graph database to store data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, the function of the database management module is to communicate with the graph database of the base layer (for example, Neo4j graph database), implement an abstract database model and digital object class, and provide the application layer with the creation and management functions of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects. Considering the flexibility of digital objects, the digital object class adopts a design that is as universal as possible, specifies the attributes of data digital objects, namely, the three attributes of digital object identifier (DOID), data (data) and metadata (metadata), and does not restrict the data types of data and metadata.

[0058] In order to design universal digital objects, the database management module adopts a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms according to actual conditions. Specifically, the dill library extended on the Python native serialization byte stream library pickle is considered as a unified serialization and deserialization mechanism for data, and codecs (for example, base64) are used to facilitate compatible communication with the database; for metadata, considering the need for users to intuitively view the metadata of system data digital objects through graph data browsers (for example, Neo4j Browser), the database management module first uses the json serialization mechanism, and uses dill serialization when json serialization is not available.

[0059] Since the business server module of the application layer needs to provide complete DO warehouse addition, deletion, query and modification services (i.e., data sharing access and interoperability under the DOIP protocol through the HTTP protocol), the database management module needs to implement a complete graph database abstraction in addition to providing storage and loading functions of data digital objects for interactive programming; at the same time, the database management module uses the triple of source data digital object, target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship type as the pragmatic relationship definition of the system, and provides the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using the graph database to store data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects (i.e., providing the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using the graph database mechanism to store them).

[0060] In this way, the database management module in the data layer is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between them; moreover, a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms support convenient and efficient storage, retrieval, sharing and management of digital objects and relational data.

[0061] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the embodiment of the present application further provides an interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network. In the system, the identifier resolution service module is used to assign a digital object identifier to the data digital object, specifically including: The identification resolution service module is used to allocate a digital object identification to the data digital object according to the timestamp and the hash value.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the function of the identity resolution service module is to generate a unique digital object identifier for each digital data object generated in the system as much as possible, so as to facilitate the retrieval, access and sharing of the digital data object. In order to ensure the uniqueness of the digital object identifier as much as possible and avoid collisions, the identity resolution service module adopts the timestamp + hash value technology. When a digital object of a certain data requests a digital object identifier, the digital object identifier is generated according to the request time and the data field content. Among them, the timestamp technology uses the floating point seconds since 1970 returned by the python native time.time() method, and the hash value technology uses the SHA-256 algorithm provided by the python native hashlib to calculate the hash value taking into account performance, security and anti-collision.

[0063] Considering that although the identity resolution service is indispensable, the specific logic implementation is relatively independent from other parts of the system, the design maintains the high independence of the identity resolution service module, and in the actual production environment, it can also easily access identity resolution services implemented in other ways or provided externally. At the same time, by using timestamp + hash value technology, when it only involves providing identity services for digital objects produced within this system, the identity resolution service module design also reduces the probability of digital object identity collision, thereby ensuring the uniqueness of digital object identity.

[0064] In this way, a unique digital object identifier is assigned to each data digital object based on the identifier resolution service module in the data layer, and the digital object identifier is then used to support query, access and sharing of the data digital objects in the system.

[0065] Reference Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of another interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks includes: The basic layer includes a graph database and a programming interpretation module; the graph database is used to store the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects; the programming interpretation module is used to support interactive programming and code running.

[0066] The data layer includes a database management module and an identity resolution service module. The database management module specifies the properties of data digital objects and adopts a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms according to actual conditions. The database management module provides storage and loading functions for data digital objects, as well as a complete graph database abstraction. It uses the triple of source data digital object, target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship type as the pragmatic relationship definition, provides the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using the graph database to store data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects. The identity resolution service module is used to assign digital object identifiers to the data digital objects based on timestamps and hash values.

[0067] The application layer includes a digital object and pragmatics creation module and a business server module. The digital object and pragmatics creation module calls a factory function to construct and return a data digital object whose data is the return value of the original function and metadata is input as a decorator parameter. The factory function is an original function with a return value used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function is modified by the data digital object decorator; the digital object and pragmatics creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

[0068] The user interface includes a graph data browser and a language interaction module; the language interaction module is used to provide an interactive interface for programming users to perform interactive programming; the graph data browser is used to provide inspection and access to the graph database through web services to support viewing of system status and to visualize the viewed data digital objects and / or pragmatic relationships between data digital objects.

[0069] The data sharing interface includes: a digital object interface client, which is used to communicate with a digital object interface server through a digital object interface protocol to provide users with system data sharing access and interoperability; a digital object interface server, which is used to parse and convert data sharing access and interoperability requests under the digital object interface protocol, and communicate with the business server module according to the obtained data sharing access and interoperability requests under the hypertext transfer protocol.

[0070] Through the above implementation process, the semantic relationship creation is integrated with the data production process based on the application layer in the system, and data entity and pragmatic relationship creation are realized in the interactive programming process of data production, ensuring the capture of complex data pragmatic relationships in the data production process. In addition, the management of data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between data digital objects is realized based on the data layer. Based on the data sharing interface and the business server module in the application layer, a more flexible HTTP protocol is used to provide external services to support data sharing access and interoperability under the DOIP protocol. In this way, a new data production and management solution is realized that is oriented to the creation of data pragmatic networks and integrates the semantic relationship creation with the data production process, realizes data entity and pragmatic relationship creation in interactive programming scenarios, visualizes the system status, and data sharing access and interoperability based on the DOIP protocol.

[0071] The present application also provides an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network, which is applied to the interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network described in the present application. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 1 is a flowchart of the steps of data instantiation and pragmatic relationship creation of an interactive programming method for data pragmatic network creation provided by an embodiment of the present application, specifically including steps S310 to S340: Step S310: The digital object and pragmatic creation module obtains the return value and decorator parameter input of the original function, and constructs a data digital object based on the factory function with the return value as data and the decorator parameter input as metadata. The factory function is an original function with a return value used to construct data in a data digital object, and the function is obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator.

[0072] Step S320: Transmit the data digital object to the database management module to store it in the graph database of the base layer.

[0073] Step S330: The data of the data digital object and the current operation timestamp are passed into the identification resolution service module to generate a digital object identification of the digital object, and the digital object identification is synchronized to the data digital object of the graph database.

[0074] Step S340: The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information, and stores them in the graph database. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the programming user performs programming in the language interaction module of the user interface, and communicates with the programming interpretation module of the base layer through the Jupyter kernel to provide interactive feedback. For the situation where new data is introduced or valuable data is obtained from existing data processing involved in the programming process, step S310 is executed, the user defines a "factory function" whose return value is this type of data, defines this type of data as the return value of the factory function, decorates this function with a data digital object decorator and inputs the metadata of this type of data; the digital object and pragmatic creation module automatically modifies this function, so that each time the function is called, the digital object and pragmatic creation module captures the return value of its original function and the metadata input of the decorator, and constructs a data digital object with the return value of the original function as data and the decorator parameter input as metadata.

[0076] After obtaining the data digital object, execute step S320 to transfer the data digital object to the database management module of the data layer, and finally store it in the graph database of the basic layer, and at the same time replace the factory function return value with this data digital object.

[0077] Next, in step S330, the user can manually or by default call the digital object identifier allocation method, pass the data of the digital object and the current operation timestamp into the identifier resolution service module to generate the digital object identifier of the digital object, and synchronize the digital object identifier to the data digital object in the graph database.

[0078] Finally, in step S340, the user calls the pragmatic relationship creation method provided by the digital object and pragmatic creation module, passes in the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and the pragmatic relationship information, creates the pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects, and stores it in the graph database, thereby completing the entire process of data entityization and pragmatic relationship creation.

[0079] It should be noted that all functional modules in the system except the identity resolution module rely on a system instance to run. Therefore, before using the system for data entity and pragmatic relationship operations, the user needs to start a new or connect to an existing graph database, initialize an instance of the database management module with the service address of the graph database and the service address of the graph data browser, and pass it to the digital object and pragmatic creation module together with the identity resolution service module to create a system instance.

[0080] Through the above process, in the interactive programming process of data production, the factory function is used to complete the programming, and the return value of the factory function is automatically converted into the corresponding data digital object. The digital object is automatically assigned a digital object identifier according to the default configuration and automatically saved in the graph database. In this way, the creation of semantic relationships is integrated with the data production process, and in the interactive programming process of data production, data entity and pragmatic relationship creation are realized, ensuring the capture of complex data pragmatic relationships in the data production process.

[0081] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the present application embodiment also provides an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network, in which the system is accessed and interoperated with data sharing, referring to Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 4 is a flowchart of the steps of data access and sharing operations of an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application, specifically including steps S410 to S440: Step S410: In response to a request to start a business server module for a system instance, the business server module initializes a server configuration according to the address and port served by the business server module, and starts a digital object interface server.

[0082] Step S420: The user transmits the data sharing access and interoperability request to the digital object interface server through the digital object interface protocol at the digital object interface client.

[0083] Step S430: The digital object interface server parses and converts the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, obtains the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, and communicates with the business server module.

[0084] Step S440: The business server module calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation method provided by the database management module according to the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, executes the operation method, and feeds back the execution result to the digital object interface client.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, the user calls the HTTP server startup method for a system instance in the language interaction module (e.g., Jupyter Notebook), and the business server module responds to the request to start the business server module for the system instance, starts running, listens to the specified port, and provides HTTP services. Then, step S410 is executed, and the business server module initializes the server configuration according to the address and port served by the business server module, and starts the digital object interface server; thereby setting the digital object interface server listening port, and the system fully starts the ability to serve DOIP users.

[0086] In some embodiments, starting the digital object interface server includes: constructing an extended digital object interface server configuration string in accordance with the DOIP protocol, setting the URL (Uniform Resource Locato) of the HTTP server module and the URL of the digital object interface server, and finally using the configuration string to construct a digital object interface server instance and start the digital object interface server.

[0087] Next, step S420 is executed, wherein the user may be a DOIP user, and the DOIP user uses the digital object interface client to perform operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and checking the logical DO repository specified by the DOIP protocol, and transmits the data sharing access and interoperability request to the DOIP server through the DOIP protocol.

[0088] After receiving the data sharing access and interoperability under the DOIP protocol, the digital object interface server executes step S430, parses and converts the data sharing access and interoperability request under the DOIP protocol into a data sharing access and interoperability request under the HTTP protocol, and communicates with the business server module. So that the business server module executes step S440. Specifically, the corresponding operation method of data sharing access and interoperability provided by the database management module (i.e., the corresponding method of adding, deleting, checking and modifying) is called, and finally the graph database of the basic layer is accessed or operated, and the execution result is transmitted to the digital object interface server through the HTTP protocol. The digital object interface server continues to parse and convert, and returns the result to the digital object interface client.

[0089] In the above process, by establishing a connection with the digital object interface server, basic behavior requests such as addition, deletion, query and modification specified by the DOIP protocol can be constructed and sent to the digital object interface server. The digital object interface server then establishes communication with the business server module through parsing and conversion to achieve data sharing access and interoperability in the system.

[0090] In combination with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the present application embodiment further provides an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network. In this method, referring to Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the steps of viewing data in an interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network provided by an embodiment of the present application. In addition to the above steps, it also includes steps S510 to S520: Step S510: the digital object and pragmatics creation module responds to the request to start the browser for the system instance and opens the graph data browser according to the graph data browser address.

[0091] Step S520: Input a data viewing request in the graph data browser, and the graph data browser inputs the data viewing request into the graph database to obtain a return result of the data viewing request, and performs a visual display based on the return result. The data viewing request includes: viewing the system status, viewing data digital objects, and viewing the pragmatic relationship between data digital objects.

[0092] In an embodiment of the present application, a user calls a browser startup method for a system instance in a language interaction module (e.g., Jupyter Notebook). The digital object and pragmatic creation module responds to the request to start the browser for the system instance and uses the graph data browser address set during initialization to open the graph data browser to achieve visual data viewing based on the graph data browser.

[0093] Through the above process, a visual view of the data in the system is achieved, for example, viewing the system status, viewing the data digital objects, and viewing the pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects.

[0094] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0095] The embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods and devices according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0096] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0097] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for executing on the computer or other programmable terminal device to implement the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0098] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0100] The above is a detailed introduction to an interactive programming system and method for creating a data pragmatic network provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and scope of application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. An interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks, characterized in that: include: The application layer includes a digital object and pragmatic creation module and a business server module, wherein the digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create digital data objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects, and the business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol; The data layer includes a database management module and an identification resolution service module, wherein the database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, and the identification resolution service module is used to allocate digital object identifications to the data digital objects; The data sharing interface is used to interact with the business server module through the digital object interface protocol and provide data sharing access and interoperability to the outside through the digital object interface protocol.

2. An interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The basic layer includes graph database and programming interpretation module; The graph database is used to store the data digital objects and pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects; The programming interpretation module is used to support interactive programming and code execution.

3. An interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: User interface, including graph data browser and language interaction module; The language interaction module is used to provide an interactive interface for interactive programming for programming users; The graph data browser is used to provide inspection and access to the graph database through network services to support viewing of system status and to visualize the viewed data digital objects and / or pragmatic relationships between data digital objects.

4. The interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data sharing interface includes: A digital object interface client is used to communicate with a digital object interface server through a digital object interface protocol to provide users with data sharing access and interoperability of the system; The digital object interface server is used to parse and convert the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, and communicate with the business server module according to the obtained data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol.

5. The interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital object and pragmatic creation module is used to create digital data objects and pragmatic relationships between digital data objects, including: The digital object and pragmatic creation module calls a factory function to construct and return a data digital object whose data is the return value of the original function and metadata is input as decorator parameters, wherein the factory function is an original function whose return value is used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator; The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

6. An interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks according to claim 4, characterized in that: The business server module is used to perform data sharing access and interoperation under the digital object interface protocol through the hypertext transfer protocol, including: The business server module interacts with the digital object interface server through the hypertext transfer protocol to obtain data sharing access and interoperation requests under the hypertext transfer protocol, calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation methods provided by the database management module, executes the operation methods, and feeds back the execution results to the digital object interface server.

7. An interactive programming system for creating data pragmatic networks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The database management module is used to manage the data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects, including: The database management module specifies the properties of digital data objects and adopts a variety of serialization and deserialization mechanisms according to actual conditions; The database management module provides storage and loading functions for data digital objects, as well as a complete graph database abstraction. It uses the triple of source data digital object, target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship type as the pragmatic relationship definition, and provides the function of creating pragmatic relationships and using a graph database to store data digital objects and the pragmatic relationships between the data digital objects.

8. An interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network, characterized in that: The interactive programming system for creating a data pragmatic network according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: The digital object and pragmatic creation module obtains the return value of the original function and the decorator parameter input, and constructs a data digital object with the return value as data and the decorator parameter input as metadata based on the factory function, wherein the factory function is an original function whose return value is used to construct the data in the data digital object, and the function obtained by being modified by the data digital object decorator; Transmitting the data digital object to a database management module to be stored in a graph database of a base layer; The data of the digital object and the current operation timestamp are passed into the identification resolution service module to generate a digital object identification of the digital object, and the digital object identification is synchronized to the digital object of the graph database; The digital object and pragmatic creation module creates pragmatic relationships between data digital objects based on the digital object identifier of the source data digital object, the digital object identifier of the target data digital object, and pragmatic relationship information, and stores them in the graph database. The source data digital object represents the input of the factory function.

9. An interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: In response to a request to start a business server module for a system instance, the business server module initializes a server configuration according to an address and a port served by the business server module, and starts a digital object interface server; The user transmits the data sharing access and interoperability request to the digital object interface server through the digital object interface protocol at the digital object interface client; The digital object interface server parses and converts the data sharing access and interoperation request under the digital object interface protocol, obtains the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, and communicates with the business server module; The business server module calls the data sharing access and interoperation corresponding operation method provided by the database management module according to the data sharing access and interoperation request under the hypertext transfer protocol, executes the operation method, and feeds back the execution result to the digital object interface client.

10. An interactive programming method for creating a data pragmatic network according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: The digital object and pragmatics creation module opens the graph data browser according to the graph data browser address in response to the request to start the browser for the system instance; A data viewing request is input into the graph data browser, and the graph data browser inputs the data viewing request into the graph database to obtain a return result of the data viewing request, and performs a visual display based on the return result. The data viewing request includes: viewing the system status, viewing the data digital object, and viewing the pragmatic relationship between the data digital objects.

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