A fully automated three-dimensional active defense system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a fully automated, three-dimensional active defense system and method, belonging to the field of weather modification technology. The system monitors thunderstorm weather systems via airborne remote sensing satellites, triggering an early warning signal when the system moves to the outermost layer of the defense area. It combines this with a network-based ground-based radar monitoring system to continuously track and monitor thunderstorm cloud weather systems in real time, simultaneously sending various parameters to a lightning monitoring and early warning module. This provides criteria for detecting strong lightning electromagnetic fields, inverts the spatiotemporal parameters of lightning occurrence, and provides early warning and forecasting of the development trend of thunderstorm weather systems. A central control system then determines lightning dissipation and initiates operational commands. Finally, a mobile artificial lightning induction system is used to artificially intervene in the charge structure of thunderstorm clouds. This invention can mitigate the direct and indirect electromagnetic damage effects of strong lightning caused by the spatiotemporal unpredictability of severe convective weather and the instantaneous nature of strong thunderstorm discharge processes, protecting the safety of key locations and important sensitive targets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of weather modification technology, specifically relating to a fully automated three-dimensional active defense system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Severe convective weather systems are a significant natural disaster, especially convective cloud systems accompanying severe thunderstorms. The intense lightning they produce is one of the most common and dangerous hazardous weather phenomena. Statistics show that approximately 40-50 lightning strikes occur on Earth every second, averaging 1.4 billion per year. A quarter of these lightning strikes develop from thunderstorm clouds to the ground, known as ground lightning, while the remaining three-quarters occur within clouds, between clouds, or between clouds and air, collectively called cloud-to-cloud lightning. Research indicates that lightning is an instantaneous discharge process with extremely high instantaneous power, reaching peak power of up to 1 billion kilowatts and peak current of hundreds of thousands of amperes.

[0003] Before the electrical and electronic age, the impact of lightning on human society was mainly the injury and death of people and livestock and the damage to buildings caused by direct ground flashes. Therefore, the detection and research of lightning at that time were mainly used to prevent and reduce related personal injury and economic losses. However, with the widespread application of microelectronic devices and large-scale integrated circuits in various industries, lightning, as a source of strong electromagnetic radiation, has a wider range of impact on human production and life. In addition to the direct destructive effect of ground flashes, the indirect destructive effect of lightning electromagnetic pulses has been added, and its impact has expanded from a "point" to a "surface". Therefore, the development of a defense system based on artificial lightning attraction and a combination of various detection technologies aims primarily to protect against the widespread destructive effects caused by lightning, ensure the safety of human activities and the normal operation of the social economy; especially in ensuring the safety of important sensitive military facilities and critical infrastructure (such as power facilities, petrochemical facilities, railway facilities and aerospace facilities), there is still a long way to go.

[0004] For early warning and forecasting of severe convective weather, the most effective technical means currently is to fully utilize the advantages of both air-based and ground-based equipment. In terms of air-based detection, meteorological satellites are a crucial technology for tracking severe convective weather systems. Through satellite remote sensing, the development and dissipation processes of severe convective weather over a wide area can be detected. Regarding ground-based detection, although the detection range is not as large as that of satellites, weather radar can still provide detailed information on the dynamics and microphysical structure of severe convective weather within a range of 100km-200km, effectively providing short-term weather warnings. Simultaneously, lightning monitoring networks, which detect the electromagnetic waves generated by severe thunderstorms, can also accurately locate and issue warnings for strong lightning strikes occurring within a 100km radius.

[0005] Besides monitoring and issuing early warnings for severe convective weather systems, artificial intervention and influencing these systems is an important technical means of weather modification. To effectively weaken and reduce ground flashes and cloud-to-ground flashes generated by strong thunderstorm clouds, artificial lightning induction remains a crucial and increasingly sophisticated method for influencing lightning, with a success rate of 70%-80%.

[0006] Therefore, in order to protect specific targets in important areas from the impact of severe convective weather systems, it is urgent to develop a fully automatic active defense system and method that combines various advanced technologies such as fully automatic intelligent artificial lightning triggering technology, radar detection, and multi-parameter high-precision three-dimensional lightning positioning methods. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the aforementioned related technologies.

[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fully automated three-dimensional active defense system and method that can solve the problems of the unpredictability of time and space caused by severe convective weather and the instantaneous nature of strong thunderstorm discharge processes, as well as the fatal damage to sensitive targets or important infrastructure caused by the direct destructive effects and indirect electromagnetic damage effects of strong lightning.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0010] This invention provides a fully automated three-dimensional active defense system, the system comprising:

[0011] Sensitive targets, targets that are the focus of the defense system's protection;

[0012] The defense zone is an area within a specific diameter above a sensitive target, which is the area monitored and defended by the defense system.

[0013] Thunderstorm cloud system, a cloud system located within the defense zone;

[0014] Remote sensing satellites are positioned above the defense area to monitor thunderstorm cloud systems around the defense area. When the thunderstorm cloud systems reach the edge of the defense area, they send early warning signals to the radar monitoring module.

[0015] Multiple radar monitoring modules are distributed within the defense area to track and monitor the thunderstorm cloud system in real time. During the tracking and monitoring process, horizontal and vertical scans are continuously performed to analyze various parameters of the thunderstorm cloud system and send them to the lightning monitoring and early warning module.

[0016] The lightning monitoring and early warning module is used to collect electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud system, retrieve the spatiotemporal parameters of lightning occurrence, and predict and forecast the development trend of the thunderstorm cloud system, and send the results to the central control module.

[0017] The central control module is connected to the radar monitoring module, the remote sensing satellite, the lightning monitoring and early warning module, and the mobile artificial lightning triggering module. It is used to perform inversion and reanalysis of satellite data, monitoring of radar observation status, locating thunderstorm cloud systems based on the obtained data, and determining lightning suppression. When the lightning suppression conditions are met, it sends a lightning suppression signal to the mobile artificial lightning triggering module.

[0018] Mobile artificial mine-triggering modules are distributed throughout the defense area to enable artificial mine-triggering.

[0019] In addition, the fully automated three-dimensional active defense system according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0020] In some implementations, the lightning monitoring and early warning module includes several distributed detection substations set up within the defense area. The baseline length of the detection substations is in the range of 20km-40km, and they are used to monitor the occurrence of cloud-to-cloud lightning and ground-to-ground lightning within the defense area in real time.

[0021] The radar monitoring module includes at least three sets of Doppler dual-polarization radars with baseline lengths ranging from 50km to 80km, used for real-time monitoring of thunderstorm cloud formation within the defense area.

[0022] In some embodiments, the number of mobile artificial mine-attracting modules is several, including a mine-attracting operation monitoring center, a mobile mine-attracting vehicle, and mine-attracting projectiles; the mine-attracting projectiles are mounted on the mobile mine-attracting vehicle, and the mobile mine-attracting vehicle launches the mine-attracting projectiles into the air under the control of the mine-attracting operation monitoring center to perform the mine-attracting operation; the mine-attracting operation monitoring center is communicatively connected to the central control module.

[0023] In some of these embodiments, the lightning-inducing operation monitoring center includes a lightning-inducing timing intelligent judgment unit, a lightning-inducing rocket automatic ignition unit, and a lightning-inducing launch platform automatic adjustment unit.

[0024] The intelligent lightning triggering timing judgment unit and the automatic adjustment unit of the lightning triggering launch platform are communicatively connected to the central control module; the automatic ignition unit of the lightning triggering rocket is connected to the intelligent lightning triggering timing judgment unit, and performs the ignition operation for launching the lightning triggering rocket after the lightning triggering timing is met.

[0025] In some of these embodiments, the radar monitoring module includes a ground radar 32, a transmitter 311, a radar transceiver switch 312, a signal receiver 313, a radar signal processing system 314, a missing data compensation module 3141, a differential reflectivity system error correction module 3142, a correlation coefficient correction module 3143, a defolding processing module 3144, a differential propagation phase shift filtering module 3145, and a reconstruction module 3146.

[0026] The radar transceiver switch is connected to the ground radar and has a bidirectional feedback mechanism for controlling the ground radar's signal transmission and reception. The transmitter is connected to the radar transceiver switch and supplies electromagnetic energy to it. The radar transceiver switch is connected to the signal receiver and transmits the radar-received signal to the signal receiver. The signal receiver transmits the radar-received signal to the radar signal processing system. The radar-received signal in the radar signal processing system sequentially completes the missing data filling module, the differential reflectivity system error correction module, the correlation coefficient correction module, the defolding processing module, the differential propagation phase shift filtering module, and the reconstruction module, finally outputting a quality-controlled signal.

[0027] In some of these embodiments, the thunderstorm cloud system includes initial small thunderstorms, vigorous thunderstorm clouds with strong lightning, and weak thunderstorm clouds that gradually dissipate after artificial lightning strikes are carried out.

[0028] The defense zone is a range with a diameter of 180km-220km, and the sensitive target is located in the middle of the defense zone.

[0029] In some embodiments, the lightning monitoring and early warning module includes a lightning detection module 46, a lightning parameter extraction unit 47, a data transmission unit 48, and a lightning result output unit 49 connected in sequence.

[0030] The lightning detection module 46 includes several lightning single-station modules 461, each of which includes a lightning waveform recording unit 4611, a lightning waveform storage unit 4612, and a lightning waveform processing unit 4613. The lightning result output unit 49 outputs the lightning occurrence time, occurrence location, and movement trend.

[0031] In some embodiments, the mine-attracting operation monitoring center is located on the mobile mine-attracting vehicle and moves with the dispatch of the mobile mine-attracting vehicle.

[0032] This invention also provides a fully automated three-dimensional active defense method, which is implemented using the fully automated three-dimensional active defense system described above; the method includes the following steps:

[0033] The remote sensing satellite monitors the thunderstorm cloud system around the defense area. When the thunderstorm cloud system is detected to move to the outermost layer of the defense area, the remote sensing satellite sends an early warning signal to the radar monitoring module.

[0034] After receiving the early warning signal, the radar monitoring module starts working and performs real-time tracking and monitoring of the thunderstorm cloud system. During the tracking and monitoring process, it continuously performs horizontal and vertical scans, analyzes various parameters of the thunderstorm cloud system, and sends them to the lightning monitoring and early warning module.

[0035] After receiving the data sent by the radar monitoring module, the lightning monitoring and early warning module starts working mode, detects the electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud system, retrieves the spatiotemporal parameters of the lightning occurrence, and predicts and forecasts the development trend of the thunderstorm cloud system, and sends the results to the central control module.

[0036] The central control module analyzes and judges the received data, and when the lightning suppression conditions are met, it sends a lightning suppression signal to the mobile artificial lightning triggering module.

[0037] After receiving a lightning suppression signal, the mobile artificial lightning-attracting module launches a lightning-attracting projectile to the location of the thunderstorm cloud system, thereby artificially attracting lightning and weakening the intensity of the thunderstorm cloud system so that it cannot harm sensitive targets within the defense area.

[0038] In addition, the fully automated three-dimensional active defense method according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0039] In some of these embodiments, the working steps of the lightning monitoring and early warning module include:

[0040] The electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud system are detected by multiple sets of detection substations, and the lightning waveforms are processed, recorded and stored respectively.

[0041] Key parameters are extracted from the processed lightning waveform to locate each strong lightning strike within the thunderstorm cloud system;

[0042] The development trend of the thunderstorm cloud system is inferred;

[0043] Data including the time of lightning occurrence, location of lightning occurrence, and lightning movement trend are sent to the central control module for further judgment and processing.

[0044] In some embodiments, the working steps of the mobile artificial mine-attracting module include:

[0045] The mobile artificial lightning triggering module enters standby mode after receiving a lightning suppression signal;

[0046] Real-time monitoring of the electric field of the thunderstorm cloud system;

[0047] The system automatically identifies the timing of a lightning strike based on monitored data. When the window for triggering lightning is met, a lightning detonator with a thin metal wire is launched into the thunderstorm cloud system. When the lightning detonator reaches the designated location of the thunderstorm cloud system, an automatic detonation mode is executed to achieve artificial lightning triggering.

[0048] Reload the missile and confirm the status of the detonator; record the timing of the launch and the electric field waveform at the same time or afterwards.

[0049] If the lightning suppression signal still appears after the lightning detonator is launched, the automatic identification of the lightning strike timing will continue.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the fully automated three-dimensional active defense system can fully utilize the advantages of radar and lightning monitoring, such as wide range, high detection accuracy, and strong timeliness, as well as the characteristics of vehicle-mounted manual lightning triggering vehicles, such as fast mobility, convenient deployment, and convenient launch. It truly achieves the goal of fully automated, unattended artificial influence of thunderstorm cloud charge without relying on human judgment or much intervention. It not only provides a theoretical basis and design basis for effectively protecting sensitive targets or improving the security level of specific areas, but also provides technical support for providing and creating specific launch time windows for military facilities.

[0052] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fully automated three-dimensional active defense system disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a station-based radar early warning system disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of lightning location according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of artificial lightning induction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a radar early warning workflow disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 This invention discloses a lightning warning and forecasting process according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 This invention discloses a fully automated manual lightning detonation process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0061] 1-Defense Zone; 2-Thunderstorm Cloud System; 3-Radar Monitoring Module; 4-Lightning Monitoring and Early Warning Module; 5-Mobile Artificial Lightning Trigger Module; 6-Central Control Module; 7-Remote Sensing Satellite; 8-Sensitive Target;

[0062] 21 - Initial small thunderstorm; 22 - Strong thunderstorm cloud; 23 - Weak thunderstorm cloud;

[0063] 31-Radar data fusion processing center; 32-Ground radar; 311-Transmitter; 312-Radar transceiver switch; 313-Signal receiver; 314-Radar signal processing system; 3141-Missing data completion module; 3142-Differential reflectivity system error correction module; 3143-Correlation coefficient correction module; 3144-Folding-down processing module; 3145-Differential propagation phase shift filtering module; 3146-Reconstruction module;

[0064] 41-Radiation source; 42-Lightning radiation signal; 43-Hyperboloid; 44-Detection substation; 45-Radar early warning signal; 46-Lightning detection module; 461-Lightning single-station module; 4611-Lightning waveform recording unit; 4612-Lightning waveform storage unit; 4613-Lightning waveform processing unit; 47-Lightning parameter extraction unit; 48-Data transmission unit; 49-Lightning result output unit; 491-Lightning occurrence time; 492-Lightning occurrence location; 493-Lightning movement trend;

[0065] 51-Lightning induction operation monitoring center; 52-Mobile lightning induction vehicle; 53-Lightning induction projectile; 511-High-frequency lightning early warning signal; 512-Launch vehicle in standby status; 513-Real-time electric field monitoring; 514-Automatic identification of lightning strike timing; 515-Lightning induction timing window appears; 516-Launch lightning induction projectile; 517-Lightning induction projectile status confirmation; 518-Successful launch of lightning induction projectile; 519-Launch timing record; 520-Electric field waveform record; 521-Reloading. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples and application scenarios.

[0068] This invention provides an operational mode for proactive defense against severe convective clouds. First, leveraging the advantages of space-based satellites—high viewpoint, wide field of view, rapid data acquisition, and repeated, continuous observation—monitoring and tracking the microphysical structure and precipitation formation process of the cloud before it enters the core defense area. When the severe convective cloud moves to the outermost defense area, the satellite system sends an early warning signal to the networked radar array. The radar monitoring system begins real-time tracking, performing horizontal and vertical scans, analyzing various parameters of the convective cloud, and feeding back to the next-level early warning system. Next, upon receiving the early warning signal from the networked radar, the networked lightning monitoring system closest to sensitive targets or critical infrastructure activates its operational mode. By detecting the electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the severe convective cloud, it retrieves the spatiotemporal parameters of the lightning occurrence and extrapolates and forecasts the development trend of the severe thunderstorm. Finally, when the severe thunderstorm enters within 5 km of the pre-protected target area, an intelligent, unmanned, manually operated lightning arrester based on machine learning begins real-time aerial lightning suppression operations, ensuring the airspace safety of the target. This system can deeply explore the structure of severe convective clouds, carry out weather modification, weaken and reduce the damage caused by severe convective weather systems, especially reduce the probability of ground flash and cloud flash within severe thunderstorm clouds, protect sensitive targets in important areas or create time windows with less lightning, so as to complete important launch missions and ensure the safety of spacecraft.

[0069] Please see Figure 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the fully automated three-dimensional active defense system includes: a defense zone 1, a thunderstorm cloud system 2, a radar monitoring module 3, a lightning monitoring and early warning module 4, a mobile artificial lightning triggering module 5, a central control module 6, a remote sensing satellite 7, and a sensitive target 8.

[0070] Among them, the defense zone 1 is an area with a diameter of about 200km (180km-220km). The center of the defense zone 1 is the sensitive target 8. It is necessary to ensure that the strong convective thunderstorm cloud system 2 can successfully weaken the impact of the strong thunderstorm before entering the area through various high-tech means, so as to ensure the normal operation of the sensitive target and important infrastructure in the area.

[0071] In this embodiment, thunderstorm cloud system 2 is the target of the defense system, including an initial small thunderstorm 21, a rapidly developing strong thunderstorm cloud 22 accompanied by strong lightning, and a weak thunderstorm cloud 23 that gradually dissipates after artificial lightning induction operations. A remote sensing satellite is positioned directly above thunderstorm cloud system 2 to acquire remote sensing data and macroscopically track the development and dissipation of the thunderstorm cloud in real time. Radar monitoring module 3 consists of multiple sets of ground-based radar monitoring equipment, distributed around the perimeter of defense area 1.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the radar monitoring module 3 may employ a Doppler dual-polarization radar with a baseline length in the range of 50km-80km to monitor the generation of severe thunderstorm clouds within the defense area 1 24 hours a day. The radar monitoring module 3 includes a radar data fusion processing center 31 and a ground radar 32. The ground radar 32 is used for transmitting and receiving information, and the radar data fusion processing center 31 is used for data processing and analysis.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lightning monitoring and early warning module 4 includes several distributed detection substations. For example... Figure 3 As shown, these detection substations 44 employ high-sensitivity VHF electric field detectors and magnetic field detectors. The VHF electric field detector works by determining a hyperboloid 43 based on the time difference between the arrival of the lightning radiation signal 42 at a pair of separated antennas. Three non-parallel hyperboloids can then determine the location of the radiation source 41. The center frequency of the VHF antennas at each station is 72MHz, with a bandwidth of 6MHz. Data needs to be transmitted to the central station for source matching, and the hyperboloid method is used for positioning. The basic architecture consists of a central station plus five stations distributed roughly evenly around it, with a total network diameter of approximately 100km. The magnetic field detector works by inducing a voltage across the cross-section of a magnetic induction coil when the magnetic flux changes. The voltage value is related to the coil's physical parameters and the rate of change of the magnetic field. By chopping and amplifying the output voltage of the magnetic coil, the obtained output signal can be used to measure the alternating magnetic field passing through the magnetic antenna. The magnetic antenna used in this invention has a 3dB bandwidth of 40-500kHz and a gain of 0.5V / nT. Data processing is also uniformly transmitted to the central monitoring station via the Internet for matching and inversion. Through the complementary advantages of high-sensitivity VHF electric field detectors and magnetic field detectors, VHF electric field detection can finely characterize the occurrence and development of cloud-to-ground lightning discharge channels within defense zone 1, while magnetic field detection can monitor the occurrence and development of lightning over ultra-long distances in real time.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of mobile artificial mine-attracting modules 5 is several, including a mine-attracting operation monitoring center 51, a mobile mine-attracting vehicle 52, and a mine-attracting projectile 53. The mine-attracting projectile 53 is mounted on the mobile mine-attracting vehicle 52, which, under the control of the mine-attracting operation monitoring center 51, launches the projectile 53 into the air to perform mine-attracting operations. The mine-attracting operation monitoring center 51 can be mounted on the mobile mine-attracting vehicle 52, moving with it and communicating with the central control module 6 via a communication link. The communication link is established by a wireless communication system. This wireless communication system provides multiple interface modes, such as Ethernet and RS-232 interfaces. It is also compatible with multiple protocols: Ethernet bridging, wireless transmission IP, and other protocols. It has the advantage of not being limited by indoor applications, with a point-to-multipoint coverage radius of up to 100 kilometers, and exceeding 150 kilometers using a point-to-point method. Optimized modulation methods, application of communication protocols, and components ensure the stability of long-distance transmission. Frequency hopping spread spectrum technology ensures the operation of outdoor point-to-multipoint systems, especially in harsh radio environments with severe interference. Utilizing a wireless communication system to network the lightning strike monitoring center allows for viewing and modifying the operational status of each station from the main station, as well as data transmission for immediate verification. The introduction of the wireless communication system significantly improves the overall operational control level of the fully automated, three-dimensional active defense system. Existing intelligent methods for determining lightning strike timing primarily rely on subjective human judgment based on atmospheric electric field waveform characteristics. While human judgment can effectively capture most lightning strike opportunities, it is ineffective for thunderstorms with frequent discharges and rapidly changing waveform characteristics. These discharge events constitute a significant proportion of lightning waveforms, and their waveform characteristics are difficult to identify and judge manually, often rendering lightning strike timing ineffective in these situations. Furthermore, it requires substantial manpower, time, and effort, making it impractical. One solution is to apply machine learning methods—allowing computers to learn from raw data and extract patterns themselves, thus creating an intelligent lightning strike timing system. This system identifies lightning strike opportunities based on parameters such as the rise time, fall time, and pulse width of the lightning discharge waveform. This waveform-based intelligent lightning triggering timing identification method can be summarized as follows: Based on the statistical results of limited observed samples, a feature set is constructed for different discharge types to form a classifier, which is then used to classify each discharge waveform. This type of classifier can be considered an algorithm under the empirical risk minimization criterion. Currently, lightning-triggered rocket launch ignition systems are generally performed manually. This invention, based on a combination of hardware and software, develops an unattended automatic ignition control system. By designing a dedicated ignition control circuit and burning the pre-written code into a chip, when a launch command is received from the intelligent lightning triggering timing judgment system, truly unattended automatic ignition is achieved.The main advantage of the automatic adjustment system for the lightning launch platform is that it reduces human intervention. It mainly relies on receiving feedback information from the radar detection system to automatically adjust the azimuth and elevation angles of the lightning launcher.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, the central control module 6 is located at the center of the system. Its main functions are to complete the inversion and sharing of satellite data, monitoring of radar observation status, output of lightning location network results, adjustment of the working status of mobile artificial lightning triggering equipment, and unified scheduling and coordination of all modules.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the early warning workflow of a single-station radar includes: a transmitter 311, a radar transceiver switch 312, a signal receiver 313, and a radar signal processing system 314. The transmitter, radar transceiver switch, and signal receiver utilize conventional radar technology; the main improvement is in the radar signal processing system 314. Specifically, it includes a missing data completion module 3141, a differential reflectivity system error correction module 3142, a correlation coefficient correction module 3143, a de-folding processing module 3144, a differential propagation phase shift filtering module 3145, and a reconstruction module 3146. The integrity and consistency of radar data are ensured by filling in missing data. The differential reflectivity system error correction module corrects errors by setting compensation parameters. This error correction method can not only correct historical data retrospectively, but also correct errors on-site as needed, ensuring data reliability. The correlation coefficient is an important indicator for evaluating radar data quality and echo classification. This invention corrects the correlation coefficient by setting a radar data reliability signal-to-noise ratio threshold based on the inverted signal-to-noise ratio, ensuring high-quality radar data and radar echo classification information that is closer to real conditions. When encountering large-scale heavy precipitation systems, the forward propagation phase difference at the far end of the precipitation echo may be greater than the maximum measurable value, causing folding. Using the corrected correlation coefficient and differential reflectivity, the folded forward propagation phase difference is de-folded, and the de-folded differential propagation phase shift is filtered. The filtering method is to compare the forward propagation phase difference value of each forward propagation phase difference point with the forward propagation phase difference values ​​on its neighboring azimuth and range databases, and filter the ones with larger deviations. After processing by the defolding module and the differential propagation phase shift filtering module, not only can the influence of differential scattering phase shift be filtered out, but also some outliers caused by folding or jitter can be effectively eliminated, ensuring the accuracy of the data. The reconstruction of the differential propagation phase shift rate is accomplished through quality control methods, which significantly improves the data quality.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present invention, please refer to Figure 6As shown, the lightning monitoring and early warning module 4 provides the process for lightning early warning and forecasting. After receiving the radar early warning signal 45 from the radar system, the lightning detection module 46 starts its working mode. The lightning monitoring module 46 contains four detection substations, each with a consistent configuration. Taking one of the single-station lightning modules 461 as an example, the single-station lightning module 461 includes a lightning waveform recording unit 4611, a lightning waveform storage unit 4612, and a lightning waveform processing unit 4613. Its main function is to complete lightning data recording and real-time processing. In previous studies, many positioning systems used fast antennas for lightning location. However, since the time constant of a fast antenna is typically on the order of milliseconds, it may cause waveform saturation when processing continuously occurring signals, thus affecting detection efficiency. Based on this, this invention develops a sensor with a smaller time constant and higher gain, which can recover within microseconds even after detecting strong lightning radiation and causing output signal saturation. This not only does not affect the detection of subsequent pulses but also allows for the detection of weaker signals in lightning events. In terms of radar waveform storage and processing, a flash memory hard drive was used. Compared to the large-capacity mechanical hard drives used in previous systems, this flash memory hard drive features faster read and write speeds and lower power consumption. This faster access speed significantly reduces the dead time of large-capacity data acquisition, ensuring more comprehensive lightning data recording even during frequent lightning strikes—something previous systems could not achieve. After the data stream enters the lightning parameter extraction unit 47, traditional lightning parameter extraction relies primarily on manually designed lightning waveform characteristics. This method is easily limited by subjective factors and the number of data samples, and requires significant manpower, time, and effort, making it less feasible. This invention applies a machine learning method—allowing the computer to learn knowledge from the raw data itself, i.e., the machine extracts patterns itself. This has achieved good recognition results in practical applications. Regarding the improvement of the data transmission unit 48, the traditional method involves substations directly transmitting data point-to-point to the central measurement center via the internet. This mode is easily affected by fluctuations in network transmission speed, resulting in data backlog and delays, which in turn affect the processing speed. This invention utilizes the public domain of the Internet as a relay station, leveraging the high speed and stability of public domain transmission to quickly complete transmission from substations to the public domain and from the public domain to the central station. The main improvement of the lightning result output unit 49 is the optimization of the display method for lightning spatiotemporal parameters. For example, traditional display methods mainly use single-point displays, resulting in a monotonous and unintuitive interface. This invention, by adding statistical functions to the software, displays the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of lightning in a regional density manner, allowing for both a macroscopic understanding of the occurrence, development, and movement trends of lightning, as well as an understanding of the characteristics of individual lightning discharges.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, please refer to Figure 7The diagram illustrates the workflow of a mobile, fully automated manual lightning detonator. The main steps include receiving a high-frequency lightning warning signal 511, automatically identifying the timing of a lightning strike 514, recording the launch timing 519, and recording the electric field waveform 520. Compared to traditional manual control, the advantage of this lightning detonator is that it achieves true unattended operation, automatically selecting and launching the lightning detonator based on instructions and machine learning methods, and automatically adjusting the azimuth and elevation angles of the gimbal.

[0079] It should be noted that the figure labels in this section tend to refer to steps in the process.

[0080] In the rapidly changing atmospheric environment, no single detection system can provide comprehensive information about a target object; therefore, it is necessary to explore the synergistic effects of complementary observations. For example, one of the main advantages of satellite remote sensing is its ability to quickly observe large areas of the Earth, rapidly monitoring the atmosphere and surface. However, the coverage limitations of currently available satellite data are also obvious. At the same time, there is a trade-off between the spatial and temporal coverage and resolution of satellite observations; for instance, higher spatial coverage leads to lower spatial resolution, and vice versa. Ground-based weather radar has the advantages of high resolution, all-weather and all-time monitoring, and strong penetration, making it an effective means and method for observing and studying severe convective weather. However, data processing is complex and affected by terrain. While lightning location systems offer high resolution for lightning occurring in specific areas, the trade-off between their detection range and the number of stations also needs to be considered. Generally, to detect lightning occurrences over a wider area, more stations need to be deployed, thus increasing the required number of stations. As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the fully automatic active defense system and method provided in this application, which integrates artificial lightning induction and multiple detection methods, firstly fully utilizes the advantages of large-scale observation by airborne satellites, all-weather observation by ground-based radar, and high-precision lightning detection; secondly, it uses a fully automatic intelligent unattended artificial lightning induction vehicle based on machine learning to induce lightning in the air; and thirdly, it influences the charge structure of thunderstorm clouds through artificial intervention; ultimately, it weakens and eliminates the impact of strong lightning from severe thunderstorm clouds, providing a guarantee for the safety of sensitive targets and critical infrastructure within the defense area.

[0081] The parts of this invention not described in detail are techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0082] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automated three-dimensional active defense system, characterized in that, The system includes: Sensitive targets, targets that are the focus of the defense system's protection; A defense zone is an area within a specific diameter above a sensitive target, which is the area monitored and defended by the defense system; the defense zone has a diameter of 180km-220km, and the sensitive target is located in the middle of the defense zone. Thunderstorm cloud system, a cloud system located within the defense zone; Remote sensing satellites are positioned above the defense area to monitor thunderstorm cloud systems around the defense area. When the thunderstorm cloud systems reach the edge of the defense area, they send early warning signals to the radar monitoring module. Multiple radar monitoring modules are distributed within the defense area to track and monitor the thunderstorm cloud in real time. During the tracking and monitoring process, horizontal and vertical scans are performed to obtain the dynamic characteristics and microphysical parameters of the thunderstorm cloud and send them to the lightning monitoring and early warning module in real time. The lightning monitoring and early warning module is used to collect electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud, invert the spatiotemporal parameters of lightning occurrence, extrapolate and predict the development trend of the thunderstorm cloud, and send the results to the central control module. The central control module is connected to the radar monitoring module, the remote sensing satellite, the lightning monitoring and early warning module, and the mobile artificial lightning triggering module. It is used to perform inversion and reanalysis of satellite data, monitor the radar observation status, locate thunderstorm clouds based on the obtained data, and send operation instructions to the mobile artificial lightning triggering module when the lightning dissipation conditions are met. Mobile artificial mine-triggering modules are distributed throughout the defense area to enable artificial mine-triggering. The lightning monitoring and early warning module includes several detection substations distributed within the defense area. The baseline length of the detection substations is in the range of 20km-40km, and they are used to monitor the occurrence of cloud-to-cloud lightning and ground-to-ground lightning within the defense area in real time. The radar monitoring module includes at least three sets of Doppler dual-polarization radars with baseline lengths ranging from 50km to 80km, used to monitor the occurrence and development of thunderstorm clouds within the defense area in real time. The number of mobile artificial mine-attracting modules is several, including a mine-attracting operation monitoring center, a mobile mine-attracting vehicle, and mine-attracting projectiles; the mine-attracting projectiles are installed on the mobile mine-attracting vehicle, and the mobile mine-attracting vehicle launches the mine-attracting projectiles into the air under the control of the mine-attracting operation monitoring center to perform the mine-attracting operation; the mine-attracting operation monitoring center is communicatively connected to the central control module. The lightning-inducing operation monitoring center includes a lightning-inducing timing intelligent judgment unit, a lightning-inducing bomb automatic ignition unit, and a lightning-inducing launch platform automatic adjustment unit. The intelligent lightning triggering timing judgment unit and the automatic adjustment unit of the lightning triggering launch platform are communicatively connected to the central control module; the automatic ignition unit of the lightning triggering rocket is connected to the intelligent lightning triggering timing judgment unit, and performs the ignition operation for launching the lightning triggering projectile after the lightning triggering timing is met; the lightning triggering projectile is equipped with a thin metal wire.

2. The fully automated three-dimensional active defense system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radar monitoring module includes a ground radar, a transmitter, a radar transceiver switch, a signal receiver, and a radar signal processing system; Specifically, The radar signal processing system includes a missing data completion module, a differential reflectivity system error correction module, a correlation coefficient correction module, a defolding processing module, a differential propagation phase shift filtering module, and a reconstruction module. The radar transceiver switch is connected to the ground radar and has a two-way feedback mechanism for controlling the ground radar to transmit and receive signals; the transmitter is connected to the radar transceiver switch and sends electromagnetic signals to the radar transceiver switch; the radar transceiver switch is connected to the signal receiver and transmits the signals received by the radar to the signal receiver; the signal receiver transmits the signals received by the radar to the radar signal processing system. The radar-received signal is processed sequentially in the radar signal processing system by the missing data filling module, the differential reflectivity system error correction module, the correlation coefficient correction module, the defolding processing module, the differential propagation phase shift filtering module, and the reconstructed module, and finally outputs the quality-controlled signal.

3. The fully automated three-dimensional active defense system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thunderstorm cloud system includes initial small thunderstorms, strong thunderstorm clouds that develop vigorously and are accompanied by strong lightning, and weak thunderstorm clouds that gradually dissipate after artificial lightning induction operations.

4. The fully automated three-dimensional active defense system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightning monitoring and early warning module includes a lightning detection module, a lightning parameter extraction unit, a data transmission unit, and a lightning result output unit connected in sequence. The lightning detection module includes several lightning single-station modules, each of which includes a lightning waveform recording unit, a lightning waveform storage unit, and a lightning waveform processing unit. The lightning result output unit outputs the lightning occurrence time, lightning occurrence location, and lightning movement trend.

5. A fully automated, three-dimensional active defense method, characterized in that, It is implemented using a fully automated three-dimensional active defense system as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; The steps of the method include: The remote sensing satellite monitors the thunderstorm cloud system around the defense area. When the thunderstorm cloud system is detected to move to the outermost layer of the defense area, the remote sensing satellite sends an early warning signal to the radar monitoring module. After receiving the warning signal, the radar monitoring module starts its working mode and tracks and monitors the thunderstorm cloud system in real time. The working mode alternates between horizontal scanning and vertical scanning, analyzes various parameters of the thunderstorm cloud system, and sends them to the lightning monitoring and warning module. After receiving the data sent by the radar monitoring module, the lightning monitoring and early warning module starts working mode, detects the electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud system, retrieves the spatiotemporal parameters of the lightning occurrence, and predicts and forecasts the development trend of the thunderstorm cloud system, and sends the results to the central control module. The central control module analyzes and judges the received data, and when the lightning suppression conditions are met, it sends a lightning suppression signal to the mobile artificial lightning triggering module. After receiving a lightning suppression signal, the mobile artificial lightning-attracting module launches a lightning-attracting projectile to the location of the thunderstorm cloud system, thereby artificially attracting lightning and weakening the intensity of the thunderstorm cloud system so that it cannot harm sensitive targets within the defense area.

6. The fully automated three-dimensional active defense method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working steps of the lightning monitoring and early warning module include: The electromagnetic waves released by strong lightning in the thunderstorm cloud system are detected by multiple sets of detection substations, and the lightning waveforms are processed, recorded and stored respectively. Key parameters are extracted from the processed lightning waveform to locate each strong lightning strike within the thunderstorm cloud system; The development trend of the thunderstorm cloud system is inferred; Parameters including the time of lightning occurrence, the location of lightning occurrence, and the trend of lightning movement are sent to the central control module for further judgment and processing.

7. The fully automated three-dimensional active defense method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working steps of the mobile artificial mine-attracting module include: The mobile artificial lightning triggering module enters standby mode after receiving a lightning suppression signal; Real-time monitoring of the electric field of the thunderstorm cloud system; The system automatically identifies the timing of a lightning strike based on monitored data. When the lightning triggering window is met, a lightning detonator with a thin metal wire is launched into the thunderstorm cloud system. When the lightning detonator reaches the designated location of the thunderstorm cloud system, an automatic detonation mode is executed to achieve artificial lightning triggering. Reload the missile and confirm the status of the detonator; record the timing of the launch and the electric field waveform at the same time or afterwards. If the lightning suppression signal still appears after the lightning detonator is launched, the automatic identification of the lightning strike timing will continue.

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