A training system and method for a tricuspid valve structural heart intervention procedure

Abstract

The application provides a training system and method for tricuspid valve structural heart disease intervention, which comprises a right heart model, an image function module and an electronic device; the right heart model is an anatomical structure of a right heart chamber; a soft tissue interaction module is installed in the model as a mounting base. The soft tissue interaction module comprises a detachable tricuspid annulus, and the image function module comprises a plurality of image acquisition devices facing the tricuspid annulus. The electronic device comprises a scanning view angle switching module, a scene display module and a video playing module. The scene display module acquires video data streams collected by the image function module in real time, the scanning view angle switching module switches the view angles of different image acquisition devices to conform to actual view angles, and the video playing module plays X-ray and ultrasonic images in different operation stages. The design is in an anatomical-operation-image correlation mode, so that an operator can quickly understand the knowledge and operation of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device training systems, and in particular to a training system and method for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease. Background Technology

[0002] Currently available medical anatomical models are mainly solid models, which can display the internal structure of the heart, but cannot be used for simulated surgery; while surgical training models are mainly simplified or integrated models, which cannot remove implanted artificial valves, anchoring pins and other structures after a single simulated surgery, cannot be used to repeat simulated surgery, and are difficult to open to intuitively display the internal anatomical structures related to interventional surgery.

[0003] Furthermore, because the tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedure is novel, there are currently no related simulated surgical training programs. Training for this specialized type of procedure requires not only adherence to the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) during actual surgery but also familiarity with the X-ray and ultrasound images observed during the actual operation. In other words, it requires learning what steps to take and what visual results to expect during the tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedure. This requirement is not met by any current training system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To provide a simulated surgical training program for tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedures, this invention provides a training system and method for interventional procedures of tricuspid valve structural heart disease. The technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a training system for interventional procedures in tricuspid structural heart disease, comprising: a right heart model, an imaging function module, and electronic equipment; wherein the right heart model includes a right heart anatomical model module and a soft tissue interaction module;

[0006] The right heart anatomical model module is the right heart anatomical structure of the right ventricle;

[0007] The soft tissue interaction module uses the right heart anatomy model module as a mounting base and is installed inside the right heart anatomy model module. The soft tissue interaction module includes a detachable tricuspid valve annulus.

[0008] The imaging function module includes multiple image acquisition devices facing the tricuspid annulus;

[0009] The electronic device includes a scanning perspective switching module, a scene display module, and a video playback module;

[0010] The scene display module is connected to the image function module and is used to acquire the video data stream collected by the image function module in real time and display the images of the right heart model from multiple perspectives in real time.

[0011] The scanning perspective switching module is connected to the image function module and is used to switch the perspective of different image acquisition devices so that the perspective of the displayed image acquisition device matches the actual perspective.

[0012] The video playback module is used to play X-ray and ultrasound images at different stages of surgery, and to switch video segments synchronously with the surgical steps via button operation.

[0013] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a surgical procedure prompting module, which provides the surgeon with operational prompts and precautions for different stages of the surgery. The prompts and precautions can be switched synchronously with the X-ray and ultrasound images.

[0014] Optionally, the soft tissue interaction module further includes tissue around the tricuspid annulus, part of the right ventricular septum, the puncture site of the right atrium, and surrounding tissue;

[0015] The tricuspid valve annulus and surrounding tissue are 3D printed from soft light-cured resin for use in implanting an artificial valve during surgery.

[0016] The portion of the right ventricular septum tissue is made of a composite material with a soft ceramic base, used to insert anchoring needles during surgery;

[0017] The puncture site and surrounding tissue of the right atrium are made of high-density sponge to simulate the purse-string structure of right ventricular puncture during the procedure.

[0018] Optionally, the right heart anatomical model module includes a right atrium, a right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart, all made of photocured 3D printed resin.

[0019] Optionally, the right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart are rigid components that can be fully assembled and are connected to each other by magnets.

[0020] Optionally, the right ventricular anatomical structure is a transparent structure or a non-transparent structure.

[0021] Optionally, the imaging function module includes three image acquisition devices, which are arranged with the tricuspid valve annulus as the orientation to represent the right atrial view, the right ventricular view, and the interventricular septum tangential view, respectively.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a training method for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease, based on the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0023] The trainer holds a right heart model and demonstrates the tricuspid valve intervention surgery scenario by disassembling and showing the right heart model.

[0024] Fix the right heart model on the table and demonstrate the operation of each step using the corresponding surgical instruments according to the standard procedure of tricuspid valve intervention surgery.

[0025] The relative positional relationship between the interventional device and the right ventricular anatomy can be demonstrated through the image function module or by opening the right heart model.

[0026] The procedure acquires pre-set X-ray and ultrasound images of different stages of the surgery, and combines these images to simultaneously introduce the surgery from the aspects of right ventricular anatomy, surgical techniques, and video data stream.

[0027] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a surgical procedure prompting module, and the method further includes:

[0028] Obtain operational prompts and precautions for different stages of surgery, and during the surgical procedure, synchronize these prompts and precautions with the X-ray and ultrasound images.

[0029] Optionally, the soft tissue interaction module further includes the tissue surrounding the tricuspid valve annulus, part of the right ventricular septum tissue, the puncture site of the right atrium, and surrounding tissue; the method further includes:

[0030] After the surgical procedure is explained, the artificial valve installed on the tricuspid annulus and the anchoring pin installed on the right ventricular septum tissue are removed.

[0031] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0032] This invention provides a training system and method for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease. The system includes a relatively realistic right ventricular anatomy to facilitate training and demonstration of interventional surgery, and allows for repeated, realistic simulations of tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedures. It also utilizes electronic equipment with a standardized surgical procedure based on professional experience. Based on this, the design uses an anatomy-operation-image linkage approach, enabling trainees to quickly understand, learn, and repeatedly practice the knowledge and operation of tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedures. Operators can repeatedly practice surgical skills without interacting with real patients, improving their proficiency and accuracy in surgical procedures.

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided by the present invention when the top cover of the right heart anatomical model module is fully open.

[0037] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided by the present invention when the upper cover of the right heart anatomical model module is opened.

[0038] Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided by the present invention when the top cover of the right heart anatomical model module is completely covered.

[0039] Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided by the present invention when the tricuspid valve annulus of the right heart anatomical model module is removed.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the right heart model provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right heart anatomical model module provided by the present invention in both transparent and non-transparent versions.

[0042] Figure 4a yes Figure 1a The diagram shows the structure of the right heart anatomical model module when it is in a transparent version.

[0043] Figure 4b yes Figure 1b The diagram shows the structure of the right heart anatomical model module when it is in a transparent version.

[0044] Figure 4c yes Figure 1c The diagram shows the structure of the right heart anatomical model module when it is in a transparent version.

[0045] Figure 4d yes Figure 1d The diagram shows the structure of the right heart anatomical model module when it is in a transparent version.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right heart model provided by the present invention in two different image acquisition device installation positions.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the training method for interventional procedures in tricuspid structural heart disease provided by the present invention. In the diagram, 1 represents a right heart model; 100 represents a right heart anatomical model module; 101 represents the tricuspid valve annulus; 102 represents the upper cover; 110 represents a soft tissue interaction module; 111 represents right ventricular septum tissue; 112 represents the puncture site and surrounding tissue of the right atrium; 2 represents an imaging function module; 201 represents an image acquisition device connector; 3 represents an electronic device; 301 represents a scene display module; 302 represents a video playback module; 303 represents a surgical step prompt module; and 4 represents surgical instruments. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0049] The following is combined Figure 1a , 1b 1c, 1d and Figure 2 This invention describes a training system for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease. By combining a simulator and training software, it is specifically designed to assist and train novice physicians in becoming familiar with the surgical procedure for tricuspid valve structural heart disease, mastering the correct use of surgical instruments 4, clarifying key operations during the procedure, and establishing an anatomical-operational-image correlation. The training software can be installed and deployed on an electronic device 3 with an operating system, such as a computer, while the hardware is fixed to a desktop. Combined with professional surgical instruments 4, it assists and trains novice physicians. The core modules of the system cover multiple aspects, are easy to install, portable, and secure, and can be flexibly applied to various environments, significantly improving training efficiency and operational accuracy.

[0050] The core modules of the system include a right heart model 1, an imaging function module 2, and electronic devices 3. The right heart model 1 includes a right heart anatomical model module 100 and a soft tissue interaction module 110.

[0051] The aforementioned right heart anatomy model module 100 is the main structure of the simulation body (i.e., the aforementioned right heart model 1). This module not only displays the main anatomical structures of the right ventricle (hereinafter referred to as the right heart anatomy structure) but also serves as the mounting base for other modules. This module accurately replicates the anatomical structure of the human right heart, including the right atrium, right ventricle, heart wall, and the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart. It provides a model of realistic size and proportion for surgeons to operate on during simulated surgery.

[0052] The aforementioned soft tissue interaction module 110 is a local structure on the right heart model 1 that directly contacts the surgical instruments 4, used to represent the soft tissue state of the contact area. This module uses the right heart anatomy model module 100 as a mounting base and is installed within it, simulating the soft tissue characteristics of the heart, especially the tricuspid annulus 101 and its surrounding ligaments and muscles. The tricuspid annulus 101 is detachable, allowing the surgeon to perform tricuspid valve repair or replacement during simulated surgery. Furthermore, the soft tissue interaction module 110 provides necessary resistance and elasticity, making the operating feel closer to that of real surgery.

[0053] The aforementioned imaging module 2 includes multiple image acquisition devices facing the tricuspid annulus 101. These devices (such as high-definition cameras or endoscopes) are fixed at different positions in the system, facing the tricuspid annulus 101, to capture details during the surgical procedure. They are capable of transmitting high-definition video data streams in real time for observation and analysis by the surgeon and instructor.

[0054] The aforementioned electronic device 3 includes a scanning perspective switching module, a scene display module 301, and a video playback module 302.

[0055] The scene display module 301 is connected to the imaging function module 2. This module is a three-view camera display module for the right heart model 1, mainly responsible for scanning external camera devices, receiving video data streams acquired by the imaging function module 2 in real time, and displaying images of the right heart model 1 from multiple perspectives on a tablet computer, touch screen monitor, or similar device. This module is compatible with various image acquisition device types (such as cameras) and resolutions, ensuring image clarity and smoothness. This module allows users to switch between different image acquisition device perspectives via the electronic device 3 interface, thereby observing the surgical process from different angles. This helps the surgeon understand the surgical steps from multiple angles, improving the accuracy and safety of the surgical procedure.

[0056] This module provides real-time, clear displays of three perspectives from the right heart model 1, assisting surgeons in understanding the current surgical step, the location of the surgical instruments inserted into the heart, and the internal scene of the heart. This helps surgeons clearly understand the internal condition of the right heart at different stages during actual surgery and what actions need to be taken, thus completing the operation more efficiently. The module possesses efficient data processing capabilities to ensure real-time performance and integrity during transmission, minimizing any possible delays or data loss. Simultaneously, this module can preprocess the real-time video from the image acquisition device using various methods, including but not limited to scaling and cropping, to adapt it for display on different controls.

[0057] The scanning perspective switching module is connected to the image function module 2 and is used to switch the perspective of the image acquisition device assigned to different perspectives so that the displayed perspective of the image acquisition device matches the actual perspective. When a camera device is plugged into an external hardware port of the computer, the local computer automatically assigns a random number to the camera device corresponding to the hardware port. Using the camera in the software based on this number becomes random and often fails to meet requirements. After a machine restart or software reopen, the numbering is randomly scrambled again. Furthermore, most computers have their own cameras in addition to the system's built-in camera, causing these built-in cameras to also occupy assigned numbers. This module's function is primarily to solve the aforementioned problems, making the entire system setup and use more convenient.

[0058] This module greatly simplifies the perspective switching process and improves system flexibility and user experience by establishing a mapping between image acquisition devices and their corresponding numbers. Clicking the perspective switch button will bring up a pop-up window with drop-down menus for the three main perspectives. Each drop-down menu contains the image acquisition devices currently scanned by the module. By selecting different image acquisition devices for different perspectives on the interface, real-time detection and dynamic adjustment of multiple devices can be performed, ensuring that the perspective and the image acquisition device's view are always consistent, thus avoiding operational inconvenience caused by inconsistent camera numbers.

[0059] The video playback module 302 is used to play / pause X-ray and ultrasound images of different surgical stages during the actual surgery, and to switch video segments synchronously with the surgical steps via button operation. This module stores X-ray and ultrasound image data of different surgical stages. Surgeons can switch video segments synchronously with the surgical steps via button operation, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of the surgical process, anatomical structures, and operational techniques. Through these actual surgical images, surgeons can understand the correct position and posture of surgical instruments in the images at different stages, enabling better training.

[0060] This module allows for flexible control over the interval between each two frames, supporting variable-speed playback to meet the surgeon's varying viewing speed needs at different stages of the surgery. Furthermore, it supports multiple surgical video formats and employs efficient decoding methods to ensure smooth and clear video playback. The loop playback function also allows surgeons to repeatedly review important steps, further solidifying their surgical skills.

[0061] The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided by this invention includes a relatively realistic right ventricular anatomy structure to facilitate training and demonstration of interventional surgery, and can repeatedly simulate tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedures with a certain degree of realism. Furthermore, it utilizes electronic equipment 3 with a standardized surgical procedure based on professional experience. Based on this, the design, through anatomy-operation-image association, enables trainees to quickly understand, learn, and repeatedly practice the knowledge and operation of tricuspid valve structural heart disease procedures.

[0062] By simulating real surgical environments and procedures, this system provides surgeons with a safe and efficient training platform. Surgeons can repeatedly practice surgical skills without contact with real patients, improving their proficiency and accuracy. Compared to traditional training methods, this system reduces reliance on real surgical materials and equipment, lowering training costs. Furthermore, because the system is reusable, it offers higher cost-effectiveness. Through real-time video display, multi-angle perspective switching, and synchronized video playback, the system provides surgeons with a more intuitive and comprehensive learning experience. This helps surgeons better understand and master surgical techniques. By simulating various situations and challenges during surgery, it helps reduce surgical risks and increase surgical success rates.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, the electronic device 3 further includes a surgical procedure prompting module 303. This module is a crucial component of the electronic device 3 and is specifically designed to assist surgeons in training for tricuspid valve structural heart interventional surgery. This module integrates detailed surgical procedure information, operational prompts, and key precautions, providing surgeons with operational guidance and precautions for different stages of the surgery. Its aim is to help surgeons gradually master surgical skills and understand the key operational points and potential risks at each stage during simulated surgery.

[0064] This module contains complete step-by-step information from surgical preparation to postoperative management. Each step is described in detail, including the required surgical instruments, surgical site location, and surgical techniques. This information is presented in text, charts, or animations to ensure the surgeon can clearly understand it. By clicking the step button, prompts, X-rays, and ultrasound images can be switched simultaneously, allowing the surgeon to quickly grasp the key points of the current stage. This module has efficient information processing capabilities, providing accurate text prompts in real time during the surgical procedure, helping the surgeon quickly obtain the necessary information at each step. In addition, the system's synchronized text content function ensures a seamless transition between different steps, reducing information gaps during operation and improving overall learning efficiency.

[0065] At each critical stage of the simulated surgery, the surgical procedure prompt module 303 provides real-time operational prompts. These prompts may include specific hand movements, methods of using surgical instruments, and anatomical structures requiring attention. With these prompts, the surgeon can execute surgical steps more accurately and avoid errors.

[0066] In addition to operational prompts, this module also lists precautions for each stage of the surgery. These precautions may cover surgical risks, potential complications, and preventative measures. By understanding these precautions, surgeons can better assess surgical risks and develop appropriate strategies.

[0067] The surgical procedure prompt module 303 is tightly integrated with the video playback module 302, and the prompts and precautions can be synchronously switched with X-ray and ultrasound images. When the surgeon views an image of a certain surgical stage in the video playback module 302, the surgical procedure prompt module 303 automatically displays surgical procedure information, operation prompts, and precautions related to that stage. This synchronous switching function helps the surgeon combine theoretical knowledge with practical operation, and gain a deeper understanding of the surgical process.

[0068] This invention provides surgeons with comprehensive surgical guidance through the surgical step prompt module 303, helping them gradually master surgical skills. Through real-time operation prompts and reminders of precautions, surgeons can execute surgical steps more accurately, reducing the risk of errors. This helps improve training effectiveness, enabling surgeons to reach higher surgical levels in a shorter time. The surgical step prompt module 303 also serves as a bridge for interaction between the instructor and the surgeon. The instructor can adjust the level of detail and presentation of the prompts according to the surgeon's actual situation and needs. Simultaneously, the surgeon can also provide feedback to the instructor regarding their learning progress and difficulties encountered, allowing the instructor to provide more personalized guidance and support. By providing comprehensive surgical step information and precautions, the surgical step prompt module 303 helps surgeons identify potential risks and develop corresponding preventative measures during simulated surgery. This enhanced risk awareness helps reduce the incidence of complications in real surgery, improving surgical safety.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, from a physiological perspective, the aforementioned right heart anatomy model module 100 includes structures such as the human right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart. Since these parts do not come into contact with the surgical instruments 4 according to standard surgical procedures, there is no need to represent their soft tissue state. This module accurately simulates the human right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart, fully considering the interaction between these parts and the surgical instruments 4 in standard surgical procedures, thereby achieving both accurate and efficient structural simulation.

[0070] Regarding the demonstration of the internal structure of the heart, this invention designs a realistic, highly detailed, and detachable anatomical model of the right heart (including the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart) based on real human right heart CT images, and fabricates it using 3D printing. The model can be opened or partially replaced with a printed part made of transparent material at any time before, during, or after simulated surgery to demonstrate the internal structure during real-time surgery.

[0071] All three parts are made of photopolymer 3D printing resin, ensuring the model's high precision and durability. The choice of resin material also allows the model to maintain structural stability while offering good options for transparency and opacity to meet different teaching and training needs.

[0072] Reference Figure 1a , 1b Figures 1 and 1c show schematic diagrams of the upper cover 102 of the right heart anatomy model module 100 being fully open, partially open, and fully closed, respectively. Figure 1d A schematic diagram showing the removal of the tricuspid valve annulus 101 from the right heart anatomical model module 100.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the aforementioned right heart anatomy model module 100 is designed as three fully combinable rigid parts made of photopolymer 3D printed resin, representing the right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart, respectively. This modular design not only facilitates assembly and disassembly but also allows users to flexibly combine and adjust the parts according to their actual needs. The right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart are integrated into three parts and connected to each other by magnets. This design not only simplifies the assembly process but also ensures a stable connection between the parts. Simultaneously, the magnetic connection allows users to easily disassemble and replace parts without damaging the model structure.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, to meet the needs of different users, the right heart anatomy model module 100 provides a reference. Figure 3 The image shows two versions: transparent and opaque. The transparent version allows users to clearly observe the internal anatomical structures of the model and the operation of surgical instruments 4, while the opaque version focuses more on the appearance and texture of the model. Figure 3 The left side is the transparent version. Figure 3 The right side of the image is the non-transparent version. (See reference.) Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 1c , Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system when the right heart anatomy model module 100 is a non-transparent version, referring to... Figure 4a , Figure 4b , Figure 4c , Figure 4d This is a schematic diagram of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system when the right heart anatomy model module 100 is in transparent version.

[0075] This invention, through the right ventricular anatomy model module 100, provides an intuitive and vivid teaching tool for medical education and training by accurately simulating the physiological structure of the heart. Surgeons can gain a deeper understanding of cardiac anatomy and surgical procedures by observing and manipulating the model, thereby improving learning efficiency. The modular design and magnetic connection allow surgeons to practice various surgical procedures on the model, such as tricuspid valve repair and valve replacement. This practical exercise not only helps surgeons master surgical techniques but also improves their practical skills and surgical success rates. Compared to traditional anatomical models, the right ventricular anatomy model module 100 offers higher cost-effectiveness and reusability. It can be used not only for medical education and training but also as a reference tool for clinicians, helping them better understand cardiac anatomy and surgical procedures. This versatility makes the model widely applicable and of significant value in teaching and clinical practice.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, physiologically speaking, the aforementioned soft tissue interaction module 110 is a complex structure integrating the tricuspid valve annulus and surrounding tissue, part of the right ventricular septum tissue 111, and the puncture site and surrounding tissue of the right atrium 112, designed to provide a highly realistic operating environment for simulated surgery. The design differs because these three parts come into contact with different surgical instruments.

[0077] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the image acquisition device can be installed on one side or below the puncture site and surrounding tissue 112 of the right atrium (i.e., the part in the circle), so that the image acquisition device is directed from the right atrium toward the tricuspid valve annulus 101.

[0078] The tricuspid annulus 101 and surrounding tissues described above approximate the structure of a real human tricuspid annulus, used for implanting an artificial valve during surgery and removing it postoperatively. The tricuspid annulus 101 and surrounding tissues are 3D printed using a soft, light-cured resin. This material possesses good flexibility and durability, simulating the feel and elasticity of real heart tissue. The tricuspid annulus 101, surrounding the right atrioventricular orifice, is a crucial component for implanting the artificial valve. The soft, light-cured resin has a certain degree of adhesion, allowing the artificial valve to adhere to the tricuspid annulus 101 during surgery. 3D printing technology allows for the precise replication of the complex morphology and anatomical structure of the tricuspid annulus 101 and surrounding tissues, providing surgeons with a realistic surgical experience.

[0079] The aforementioned portion of the right ventricular septal tissue 111 was processed using a composite material with a polymer ceramic base. Polymer ceramic possesses good plasticity and stability, is easily deformed, and does not harden due to drying, thus mimicking the hardness and toughness of the right ventricular septal tissue 111 for insertion of anchoring pins during surgery and postoperative removal. The right ventricular septal tissue 111 is a crucial site for anchoring pin insertion. In simulated surgery, the surgeon can manipulate the anchoring pin on the polymer ceramic base to understand how to accurately insert the anchoring pin into the right ventricular septal tissue 111 and ensure its stability.

[0080] The puncture site in the right atrium and surrounding tissue 112 are fabricated using high-density sponge to simulate the purse-string structure of right ventricular puncture during the procedure, providing elastic support for the surgical instruments. High-density sponge possesses excellent elasticity and resilience, simulating the elasticity and toughness of the right atrial tissue. The puncture site in the right atrium is a crucial area for right ventricular puncture. By simulating the purse-string structure, the surgeon can learn how to accurately perform right ventricular puncture and understand the potential risks and corresponding countermeasures during the procedure.

[0081] Regarding the ability to repeatedly perform simulated surgeries, this invention designs some structures of the model (the tricuspid valve annulus 101 and surrounding local structures, as well as the right ventricular septum structure in contact with the anchoring needle) as soft material structures that are easy to disassemble and assemble, thereby allowing the installed artificial valve and anchoring needle to be removed after a single simulated surgery.

[0082] This invention provides surgeons with a highly realistic simulated surgical environment through the soft tissue interaction module 110, enabling them to gradually master surgical skills in practice. Through repeated practice, surgeons can become more familiar with surgical steps and key operational points, improving their surgical skills. By simulating soft tissue interaction during surgery, surgeons can gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics and anatomical structure of cardiac tissue, thus making more accurate judgments and operations in actual surgery. This helps reduce surgical risks and increase the success rate. The soft tissue interaction module 110 can also serve as a bridge for interaction between the instructor and the surgeon. The instructor can adjust the difficulty and complexity of the simulated surgery according to the surgeon's actual situation and needs. Simultaneously, the surgeon can also interact with the soft tissue interaction module 110 to provide feedback to the instructor on their learning progress and difficulties encountered, allowing the instructor to provide more personalized guidance and support.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the imaging module 2 is a camera system on the right heart model 1, which can replace X-ray, ultrasound, and other imaging systems during simulated surgery, providing real-time images of the inside of the right heart model. Regarding the ability to perform simulated surgery, this invention designs three image acquisition device positions and a detachable image acquisition device connector 201 on the model, capable of capturing images of the front, back, and side of the tricuspid valve annulus within the model. These angles also correspond to, to some extent, the ultrasound imaging images during surgery. During simulated surgery, after the surgeon controls the interventional surgical instruments to puncture into the simulated body through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or right atrium, the position and posture of the interventional surgical instruments inside the model can be determined through the real-time images from these three image acquisition devices, thereby completing the simulated surgery.

[0084] Specifically, the module includes three high-precision image acquisition devices capable of capturing and recording critical information during the surgical simulation process in real time. Each device is meticulously designed and calibrated to ensure high-resolution and accurate images.

[0085] Reference Figure 2As shown, the three image acquisition devices are positioned with the tricuspid annulus 101 as the orientation, providing views of the right atrium, right ventricle, and interventricular septum tangentially. These views allow for real-time display of the surgical instrument positions and parameters that require close monitoring during standard surgical procedures. The right atrium view focuses on the structure and dynamic changes of the right atrium, clearly demonstrating the anatomical relationship between the tricuspid annulus 101 and the right atrium, as well as the manipulation of surgical instrument 4 within the right atrium. The right ventricle view emphasizes the anatomical structure and function of the right ventricle, particularly the area between the tricuspid annulus 101 and the right ventricular outflow tract. This helps the surgeon understand the surgical procedure and potential risks within the right ventricle. The interventricular septum tangential view provides a tangential view between the interventricular septum and the tricuspid annulus 101, clearly demonstrating the anatomical structure of the interventricular septum and its relationship with the tricuspid annulus 101. This is of great significance for understanding the surgical treatment of cardiac diseases such as ventricular septal defects and valvular heart disease.

[0086] All three image acquisition devices were oriented with the tricuspid annulus 101 as the reference point, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of image acquisition. By focusing on the tricuspid annulus 101 and its surrounding tissues, the surgeon can gain a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the heart valve, as well as key operative points during the procedure.

[0087] This invention provides surgeons with an intuitive and vivid surgical simulation environment through the imaging module 2. By observing and recording image information during the surgical process in real time, surgeons can gain a deeper understanding of cardiac anatomy and surgical procedures, thereby improving their surgical skills. Through image acquisition and analysis during the simulated surgical process, surgeons can more accurately assess surgical risks and potential complications. This helps them make more informed decisions in actual surgery, thereby reducing surgical risks and increasing the success rate. The imaging module 2 can also serve as a bridge for interaction between the coach and the surgeon. The coach can provide personalized guidance and feedback to the surgeon by observing and analyzing image information. At the same time, the surgeon can also observe and analyze their own surgical procedures to understand their shortcomings and areas for improvement.

[0088] Regarding specialized surgical training capabilities, this invention has developed a training computer software based on standardized surgical procedures. This software can switch between displaying step names, key operational points, and real-life X-ray and ultrasound videos according to different surgical stages. Combined with real-time images from the three image acquisition devices mentioned above, trainees can simultaneously become familiar with professional surgical procedures, real intraoperative images, and the control effects of interventional surgical instruments.

[0089] Figure 6This is a schematic flowchart of the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training method of this application embodiment is based on the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system provided in the above embodiment. The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training method provided by the present invention will be described below. The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training method described below can be referred to in correspondence with the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system described above.

[0090] like Figure 6 As shown, the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0091] S501. The trainer holds the right heart model 1 and demonstrates the tricuspid valve interventional surgery scenario by disassembling and displaying the right heart model 1.

[0092] The trainer holds a meticulously crafted right heart model (1), which simulates the structure and function of a real heart. By disassembling and reassembling different parts of the model, the trainer can visually demonstrate the tricuspid valve intervention procedure, including the entry path of surgical instrument (4) and the internal anatomical structures of the heart. This helps the surgeon gain a preliminary understanding and intuitive grasp of the surgical process.

[0093] S502. Fix the right heart model 1 on the table and demonstrate the operation of each step using the corresponding surgical instrument 4 according to the standard procedure of tricuspid valve intervention surgery.

[0094] Secure the right heart model 1 to the table, ensuring stability and easy observation. Following the standard procedure for tricuspid valve intervention, demonstrate each step on the model using the corresponding surgical instruments 4 (such as catheters, guidewires, occluders, etc.). The trainer can explain while demonstrating, ensuring the operator clearly understands the purpose and method of each step.

[0095] S503. The relative positional relationship between the interventional surgical instruments and the anatomical structure of the right heart is displayed through the image function module or by opening the right heart model 1.

[0096] By using image-based functional modules (such as 3D image reconstruction, virtual reality, etc.) or by opening the right heart model 1, the relative positional relationship between the interventional surgical instruments and the right heart anatomy is displayed. This helps the surgeon to more intuitively understand the position and trajectory of the surgical instruments 4 inside the heart, as well as their relationship with the heart's anatomy.

[0097] S504. Acquire pre-set X-ray and ultrasound images of different stages of the surgery, and simultaneously introduce the surgery from the aspects of right heart anatomy, operation techniques and video data stream in combination with the X-ray and ultrasound images.

[0098] Acquire pre-set X-ray and ultrasound images of different stages of the surgery. During the surgical presentation, these images are used to simultaneously explain the right ventricular anatomy, surgical techniques, and video data stream. This helps the surgeon better understand the details and challenges of the procedure, improving their surgical skills.

[0099] In an optional embodiment, the electronic device 3 further includes a surgical procedure prompting module 303, and the method further includes:

[0100] Obtain operational tips and precautions for different stages of the surgery. During the surgical procedure, switch the tips and precautions synchronously with the X-ray and ultrasound images to ensure that the surgeon can understand the key points and precautions of each step in real time.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, the soft tissue interaction module 110 further includes the surrounding tissue of the tricuspid valve annulus 101, part of the right ventricular septum tissue 111, the puncture site of the right atrium, and surrounding tissue 112; the method further includes:

[0102] Trainees can simulate the installation of the artificial valve and anchoring pin. After the surgical presentation, the artificial valve installed on the tricuspid annulus 101 and the anchoring pin installed on the right ventricular septum tissue 111 are removed. This helps the surgeon gain a deeper understanding of the actual procedures and details, improving their proficiency and accuracy.

[0103] This invention, through various demonstrations and presentations, allows surgeons to more intuitively understand the process and key points of tricuspid valve interventional surgery, improving training effectiveness. Simultaneous introduction of X-ray and ultrasound images helps surgeons better understand the anatomical structures and techniques involved in the procedure. By simulating the surgical procedure, surgeons can learn and master surgical skills in practice, improving the accuracy and safety of the surgery. The application of the soft tissue interaction module 110 further allows surgeons to personally experience the actual operation and details of the surgical process, deepening their understanding and mastery of the procedure.

[0104] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A training system for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease, characterized in that, The right heart model, imaging functional module, and electronic devices; the right heart model includes a right heart anatomical model module and a soft tissue interaction module. The right heart anatomical model module is the right heart anatomical structure of the right ventricle; The right heart anatomy model module includes a right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart, all made of photocured 3D printed resin. The right atrium, right ventricle, and portions of the superior and inferior vena cava connected to the heart are rigid parts that can be completely assembled and are connected to each other by magnets. The soft tissue interaction module uses the right heart anatomy model module as a mounting base and is installed inside the right heart anatomy model module. The soft tissue interaction module includes a detachable tricuspid valve annulus. The soft tissue interaction module also includes the tissue surrounding the tricuspid annulus, part of the right ventricular septum tissue, the puncture site of the right atrium, and the surrounding tissue. The tricuspid valve annulus and surrounding tissue are 3D printed from soft light-cured resin for use in implanting an artificial valve during surgery. The portion of the right ventricular septum tissue is made of a composite material with a soft ceramic base, used to insert anchoring needles during surgery; The puncture site and surrounding tissue of the right atrium are made of high-density sponge to simulate the purse-string structure of right heart puncture during the procedure. The imaging function module includes multiple image acquisition devices facing the tricuspid annulus; The electronic device includes a scanning perspective switching module, a scene display module, a video playback module, and a surgical step prompting module; The scene display module is connected to the image function module and is used to acquire the video data stream collected by the image function module in real time and display the images of the right heart model from multiple perspectives in real time. The scanning perspective switching module is connected to the image function module and is used to switch the perspective of different image acquisition devices so that the perspective of the displayed image acquisition device matches the actual perspective. The video playback module is used to play X-ray and ultrasound images at different stages of surgery, and to switch video segments synchronously with the surgical steps via button operation; The surgical procedure prompt module is used to provide the surgeon with operation prompts and precautions for different stages of the surgery. The prompts and precautions can be switched synchronously with the X-ray and ultrasound images.

2. The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The right ventricular anatomical structure is either transparent or opaque.

3. The tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imaging module includes three image acquisition devices, which are arranged with the tricuspid valve annulus as the orientation, representing the right atrial view, the right ventricular view, and the tangential view of the interventricular septum, respectively.

4. A training method for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease, characterized in that, Based on the tricuspid valve structural heart disease interventional procedure training system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the method includes: The trainer holds a right heart model and demonstrates the tricuspid valve intervention surgery scenario by disassembling and showing the right heart model. Fix the right heart model on the table and demonstrate the operation of each step using the corresponding surgical instruments according to the standard procedure of tricuspid valve intervention surgery. The relative positional relationship between the interventional device and the right ventricular anatomy can be demonstrated through the image function module or by opening the right heart model. Acquire pre-set X-ray and ultrasound images of different stages of the surgery, and combine the X-ray and ultrasound images to simultaneously introduce the surgery from the aspects of right heart anatomy, operation techniques and video data stream; Obtain operational prompts and precautions for different stages of surgery, and during the surgical procedure, synchronize these prompts and precautions with the X-ray and ultrasound images.

5. The training method for interventional procedures in tricuspid valve structural heart disease according to claim 4, characterized in that, The soft tissue interaction module also includes the tissue surrounding the tricuspid annulus, part of the right ventricular septum tissue, the puncture site in the right atrium, and surrounding tissue; the method also includes: After the surgical procedure is explained, the artificial valve installed on the tricuspid annulus and the anchoring pin installed on the right ventricular septum tissue are removed.

Images