A lateral ventricle puncture model for training and a preparation method thereof
By using a lateral ventricle puncture model with a self-healing hydrogel material and a conductive cloth indicator system, the problems of large differences between existing training models and human brain tissue performance and unclear feedback were solved, achieving more efficient training results and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIANGFU LAB
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122201108A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of medical teaching equipment technology, and in particular to a lateral ventricle puncture model for training and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Ventricular puncture is a commonly used diagnostic and treatment technique in neurosurgery, a fundamental skill that physicians must master. It is used to treat hydrocephalus caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion, impaired CSF reabsorption, or obstruction of CSF circulation pathways. Currently, physicians rely primarily on clinical experience when performing ventricular punctures; the number of clinical cases determines a physician's surgical ability. Without the aid of three-dimensional models for judgment, intraoperative cutting relies heavily on the physician's experience and touch, making various surgical procedures highly challenging and prone to error. Young physicians, due to insufficient clinical experience and psychological factors, often make puncture errors. The development of 3D printing rapid prototyping technology provides a new method for precise medical surgery. Surgical training using 3D printed models can help young physicians become familiar with and master surgical techniques, increasing their confidence.
[0003] To achieve a more realistic surgical experience and better training results, the performance characteristics of training model materials should be as close as possible to the structure of human brain tissue. Currently, silicone materials are often used to prepare structures such as brain tissue and ventricles, but their performance characteristics differ significantly from those of human brain tissue, resulting in unsatisfactory training effects. Furthermore, the training models provided by existing technologies are complex in structure and suffer from unclear feedback, leading to low efficiency in the physician's training and learning process. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a lateral ventricle puncture model for training and its preparation method, which at least solves some of the problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A lateral ventricle puncture model for training includes: a skull module and a brain module. The brain module includes simulated brain tissue and a simulated lateral ventricle. The simulated lateral ventricle has a hollow internal structure and is filled with simulated cerebrospinal fluid. The simulated brain tissue and simulated lateral ventricles are made of a self-healing hydrogel material; the self-healing hydrogel material, by weight percentage, comprises: The total amount of the reactant monomers acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 8-10%. Oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.1-0.3%; Initiator 0.01-0.05%, balance is water.
[0006] Furthermore, in the self-healing hydrogel material, the molar ratio of the reactive monomers acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 10:(3-4):(0.3-0.8).
[0007] Furthermore, the oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is obtained by oxidizing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with an oxidizing agent; the degree of oxidation is 32-45%.
[0008] Optionally, the oxidant is a conventional oxidant in the art, such as sodium periodate, and there is no particular limitation.
[0009] Furthermore, the initiator is selected from azo initiators and / or peroxide initiators.
[0010] Furthermore, to better distinguish between simulated brain tissue and simulated lateral ventricle structures, pigments may be added to the self-healing hydrogel material; the pigments are conventional pigments in the art and are not subject to any particular limitation.
[0011] Furthermore, the skull module is divided into two parts: a skull base and a hemiventricular tectum. The hemiventricular tectum is provided with a positioning hole, and the cross-section of the skull base is provided with a positioning post that cooperates with the positioning hole. The top of the skull base is provided with a surgical operation hole.
[0012] Furthermore, a cerebrospinal fluid inlet is provided at one end of the simulated lateral ventricle, and the cerebrospinal fluid inlet communicates with the cavity inside the simulated lateral ventricle.
[0013] Furthermore, the cerebrospinal fluid inlet is connected to a water inlet pipe, and one end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the cerebrospinal fluid inlet; the skull module has a pipe through hole, and the other end of the water inlet pipe passes through the pipe through hole for injecting cerebrospinal fluid.
[0014] Furthermore, the lateral ventricle puncture model used for training also includes an indicator module, which includes a conductive cloth, an indicator light, and a power source; the conductive cloth covers the outside of the simulated lateral ventricle, and the conductive cloth is integrally cured with the self-healing gel material of the simulated lateral ventricle; the indicator light and the power source are located outside the skull module, and the conductive cloth is connected in series with the indicator light and the power source.
[0015] During puncture training, once the puncture needle punctures the conductive cloth, a current loop is formed at the point of contact, and the corresponding indicator light will light up, indicating that the puncture angle is correct and puncture can continue. This serves as a reminder. If the indicator light does not light up after puncturing to a certain depth, it means that the puncture angle has deviated or the position is incorrect. The position can be adjusted in time to avoid wasting time and improve training efficiency.
[0016] Furthermore, the skull module material comprises silicone resin and carbon nanotubes.
[0017] Furthermore, the simulated cerebrospinal fluid material, by mass percentage, comprises: 5-10% ethanol, 0.5-1% sodium chloride, 0.03-0.05% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.08% magnesium chloride, with the remainder being water.
[0018] Furthermore, the positioning hole is provided with a magnetic component, and the magnetic component is connected to the positioning post by magnetic attraction.
[0019] Furthermore, the number of surgical operation holes on the skull base is two.
[0020] Furthermore, the simulated brain tissue also contains a vascular tissue component that simulates blood vessels.
[0021] Furthermore, the number of surgical operation holes on the skull base is two.
[0022] The method for preparing the lateral ventricle puncture model for training described above includes the following steps: S1. 3D printing to prepare skull modules; S2. Simulated brain tissue is obtained by casting self-healing hydrogel material; S3. Place the conductive fabric in the mold, and then pour the self-healing hydrogel material to completely cover the conductive fabric to obtain a simulated lateral ventricle. S4. Assemble all the components to obtain the final product.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training provided in this application is prepared by casting a self-healing hydrogel material to simulate brain tissue and lateral ventricle. The components in the self-healing hydrogel material work together synergistically. The material has similar mechanical properties and flexibility to human brain tissue, which can better simulate the feel during puncture and improve the training effect. It also has excellent self-healing properties and can be reused many times, reducing costs.
[0024] 2. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training provided in this application uses acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide as copolymer monomers in the self-healing hydrogel material, combined with oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to form a polymer network structure in the hydrogel, which synergistically improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. It has a high elastic modulus, and the polymer network structure is formed through reversible physical cross-linking, giving it good self-healing properties. This allows the puncture site to be quickly reconstructed, avoiding leakage of simulated cerebrospinal fluid, and enabling multiple reuses.
[0025] 3. The lateral ventricle puncture model provided in this application simulates the lateral ventricle covered with conductive cloth. Once the puncture needle is inserted, a current loop is formed at the point of contact with the conductive cloth, and the corresponding indicator light will light up, indicating that the puncture angle is correct and puncture can continue. This serves as a prompt. If the puncture reaches a certain depth and the indicator light is not observed to light up, it means that the puncture angle has deviated or the position is incorrect. The position can be changed in time to avoid wasting time and improve training efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lateral ventricle puncture model used for training in this application; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the simulated lateral ventricle in the lateral ventricle puncture model used for training in this application; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lateral ventricle puncture model used for training in this application, including the hemiventricular tegmentum structure.
[0027] The attached figures are labeled as follows: Skull base-1, hemisplenic tegmentum-2, surgical operation port-3, simulated brain tissue-4, simulated lateral ventricle-5, positioning port-6, cerebrospinal fluid inlet port-7, liquid conduit-8, conductive cloth-9. Detailed Implementation
[0028] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0030] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0035] Example 1 refer to Figures 1-3 This application provides a lateral ventricle puncture model for training, comprising: a skull module and a brain module, wherein the brain module includes simulated brain tissue and a simulated lateral ventricle, the interior of the simulated lateral ventricle is a hollow structure, and the interior of the simulated lateral ventricle is filled with simulated cerebrospinal fluid.
[0036] Optionally, the simulated brain tissue and simulated lateral ventricle are cast from a self-healing hydrogel material. To better distinguish the simulated brain tissue and simulated lateral ventricle structure, pigments may be added to the self-healing hydrogel material. The pigments are conventional pigments in the art and are not particularly limited.
[0037] Optionally, the skull module is divided into two parts: a skull base and a hemiventricular tectum. The hemiventricular tectum is provided with a positioning hole, and the cross-section of the skull base is provided with a positioning post that cooperates with the positioning hole. The top of the skull base is provided with a surgical operation hole.
[0038] The skull base has two surgical operating ports. These are two commonly used operating positions for ventricular puncture surgery. In addition, those skilled in the art can determine the positions of the surgical operating ports based on conventional knowledge in the field.
[0039] Optionally, a cerebrospinal fluid inlet is provided at one end of the simulated lateral ventricle, and the cerebrospinal fluid inlet communicates with the cavity inside the simulated lateral ventricle.
[0040] Optionally, the cerebrospinal fluid inlet is connected to a water inlet pipe, with one end of the water inlet pipe communicating with the cerebrospinal fluid inlet; the skull module has a pipe passage hole, through which the other end of the water inlet pipe passes for injecting cerebrospinal fluid.
[0041] Optionally, the lateral ventricle puncture model for training further includes an indicator module, which includes a conductive cloth, an indicator light, and a power supply; the conductive cloth is wrapped around the outside of the simulated lateral ventricle, and the conductive cloth is integrally cured with the self-healing gel material of the simulated lateral ventricle.
[0042] Optionally, the indicator light and power supply are located outside the skull module, and the conductive cloth is connected in series with the indicator light and power supply.
[0043] Optionally, the skull module is provided with corresponding through holes for the conductive cloth to be connected in series with the indicator light and the power supply. The connection method and setup are standard practice for those skilled in the art, and therefore are not described in detail in this application. During puncture practice, once the puncture needle punctures the conductive cloth, a current loop is formed, and the corresponding indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the puncture angle is correct and puncture can continue. This serves as a prompt. If the indicator light does not illuminate after puncturing to a certain depth, it indicates that the puncture angle has deviated or the position is incorrect. The position can be adjusted promptly to avoid wasting time and improve training efficiency.
[0044] Optionally, the skull module material comprises silicone resin and carbon nanotubes, with the amount of carbon nanotubes being 1-10%; the skull module is manufactured using 3D printing.
[0045] Optionally, the simulated cerebrospinal fluid material comprises, by mass percentage: 5-10% ethanol, 0.5-1% sodium chloride, 0.03-0.05% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.08% magnesium chloride, with the balance being water.
[0046] Optionally, the positioning hole is provided with a magnetic component, and the magnetic component is connected to the positioning post by magnetic attraction.
[0047] Optionally, the number of surgical operation holes on the skull base is two.
[0048] Optionally, the simulated brain tissue may also include a vascular tissue component that simulates blood vessels. By further simulating the structure of real brain tissue, especially the vascular tissue that is significantly affected during the puncture process, the feedback from the vascular tissue can further simulate conditions under real-world circumstances, helping learners to conduct more refined operational technique training and learning.
[0049] Optionally, the simulated lateral ventricle is also equipped with a pressure sensor to detect changes in internal pressure. During operation, simulated cerebrospinal fluid is injected into the simulated lateral ventricle cavity. The pressure sensor monitors the internal pressure of the cavity. When the pressure reaches a preset value, the injection of fluid is stopped; the inlet is blocked. At this point, the internal pressure of the simulated lateral ventricle cavity remains constant, simulating the actual lateral ventricle pressure of a patient. During training, the puncture needle is inserted into the simulated lateral ventricle cavity. A change in pressure indicates a successful puncture. If the pressure does not change, the puncture is incomplete or the puncture position is incorrect. The judgment and puncture process are then restarted. This allows for rapid and repeated training of the learner's judgment and puncture process, resulting in faster and more efficient accumulation of successful puncture experience.
[0050] Furthermore, the symmetrical design of the hemiventricular tegmentum and the top structure in the skull base allows those skilled in the art to create surgical access ports on the hemiventricular tegmentum as needed. For the hemiventricular tegmentum, those skilled in the art can, as needed, design it as a cavity or similarly symmetrical to the structure in the skull base, meaning that training and learning of ventricular puncture can be performed on both sides of the skull.
[0051] Optionally, the aforementioned self-healing hydrogel material comprises: 8-10% total of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide, 0.1-0.3% oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.01-0.05% azobisisobutyronitrile, and the balance being water; wherein, Oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is prepared by oxidizing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with sodium periodate; the degree of oxidation is 32-45%. The molar ratio of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide and dopamine acrylamide is 10:(3-4):(0.3-0.8).
[0052] The self-healing hydrogel was prepared by the following method: Acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, dopamine acrylamide copolymer, and oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were added to water, and azobisisobutyronitrile was added. The mixture was reacted at 60-80℃ for 5-8 hours to obtain a self-healing hydrogel.
[0053] Specifically, the following hydrogels were prepared using the above formulation and preparation method, as follows: Hydrogel 1# According to the formula: (acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide and dopamine acrylamide in a molar ratio of 10:3:0.3) total 8%, oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (oxidation degree 32%) 0.3%, azobisisobutyronitrile 0.01%, and the balance is water; add acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, dopamine acrylamide copolymer and oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to water, add azobisisobutyronitrile, and react at 60℃ for 8 hours to obtain hydrogel 1#.
[0054] Hydrogel 2# According to the formula: (acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide and dopamine acrylamide in a molar ratio of 10:4:0.8) 10% total, oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (oxidation degree 45%) 0.1%, azobisisobutyronitrile 0.05%, and the balance is water; add acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, dopamine acrylamide copolymer and oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to water, add azobisisobutyronitrile, and react at 80℃ for 5h to obtain hydrogel 2#.
[0055] Hydrogel #3 The difference between this and hydrogel #2 is that the molar ratio of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 10:2:0.1.
[0056] Hydrogel #4 The difference between this and hydrogel #2 is that the molar ratio of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 10:5:1.
[0057] Hydrogel #5 The difference between this and hydrogel #2 is that it does not contain dopamine acrylamide, and the molar ratio of acrylic acid to N-isopropylacrylamide is 10:4.
[0058] Hydrogel #6 The difference between this and hydrogel #2 is that the oxidation degree of oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 30%.
[0059] Hydrogel #7 The difference from hydrogel 2# is that oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is replaced with an equal amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
[0060] Hydrogel #8 The difference between this and hydrogel #2 is that it does not contain oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
[0061] Test case Tensile strength, elastic modulus, and self-healing properties were tested on the hydrogels 1#-8#. For the self-healing property test, the hydrogels were cut, the cut surfaces were wetted with deionized water, and then spliced together. After being placed at 60℃ for 2 hours, the tensile strength was tested, and the tensile strength retention rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0062] Table 1
[0063] The results showed that the hydrogel provided in this application has tensile strength and elastic modulus that are more similar to the mechanical properties of human brain tissue, enabling a more realistic feel during training, and exhibiting good self-healing properties. Compared to hydrogel 2#, the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of hydrogels 3# and 5# were significantly reduced, indicating that the ratio of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide as the main materials of the hydrogel has a significant impact on the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of the hydrogel. Although the tensile strength of hydrogel 4# was improved, its elastic modulus and self-healing properties were lower than those of hydrogel 2#, indicating that the addition of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide in a certain proportion enables the hydrogel to achieve properties closer to those of human brain tissue. The mechanical properties and self-healing properties of hydrogels 6-8# were also reduced compared to hydrogel 2#, indicating that the addition of oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can improve the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of the hydrogel to a certain extent.
[0064] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lateral ventricle puncture model for training, characterized in that, include: The system includes a skull module and a brain module. The brain module comprises simulated brain tissue and a simulated lateral ventricle. The simulated lateral ventricle has a hollow internal structure and is filled with simulated cerebrospinal fluid. The simulated brain tissue and simulated lateral ventricles are made of self-healing hydrogel material; The self-healing hydrogel material comprises, by weight percentage: The total amount of the reactant monomers acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 8-10%. Oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.1-0.3%; Initiator 0.01-0.05%, balance is water.
2. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and dopamine acrylamide is 10:(3-4):(0.3-0.8).
3. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is obtained by oxidizing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with an oxidizing agent; the degree of oxidation of the oxidized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 32-45%.
4. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The skull module is divided into two parts: a skull base and a hemiventricular tectum. The hemiventricular tectum is provided with a positioning hole, and the cross-section of the skull base is provided with a positioning post that cooperates with the positioning hole. The top of the skull base is provided with a surgical operation hole.
5. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral ventricle puncture model used for training also includes an indicator module, which includes a conductive cloth, an indicator light, and a power supply. The conductive cloth is wrapped around the outside of the simulated lateral ventricle and is integrally cured with the self-healing gel material of the simulated lateral ventricle.
6. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 5, characterized in that, The indicator light and power supply are located outside the skull module, and the conductive cloth is connected in series with the indicator light and power supply.
7. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The skull module material comprises silicone resin and carbon nanotubes.
8. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated cerebrospinal fluid contains ethanol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and water.
9. The lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of surgical operation holes on the skull base is two.
10. The method for preparing the lateral ventricle puncture model for training according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. 3D printing to prepare skull modules; S2. Simulated brain tissue is obtained by casting self-healing hydrogel material; S3. Place the conductive fabric in the mold, and then pour the self-healing hydrogel material to completely cover the conductive fabric to obtain a simulated lateral ventricle. S4. Assemble all the components to obtain the final product.