Multi-functional reusable model eye unit for intraocular examination and ophthalmic laser surgical practice

Abstract

Methods and systems for modeling an eye unit. In one example, a model eye unit includes a lens assembly removably attached to an anterior scleral housing and an intermediate portion removably coupled to the anterior scleral housing. In the model eye unit, the intermediate portion is removably and height-adjustably coupled to the posterior sclera portion, and the lens assembly includes a corneal lens.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 579,262, filed on August 28, 2023, entitled “Multifunctional Reusable Model Eye Unit for Intraocular Examination and Ophthalmic Laser Surgery Practice” The entire contents of the above-listed applications are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present specification generally relates to a model eye unit that exhibits modularity for different surgeries. Background Art

[0004] Intraocular examination and laser surgery are practices used in ophthalmological medical settings. However, the opportunities for students, interns, and residents to train and practice on live patient models are limited in their specific training settings. These limitations may be due to factors such as potential patient safety issues, eyes that are anatomically and / or physiologically unsuitable for surgery, and the small number of patients available for training surgeries. Some artificial training devices are single-use or designed to train only one type of surgery, requiring separate devices to practice multiple types of techniques.

[0005] Some eye care trainees practice basic examination and surgical techniques on crude homemade devices or flat picture models, which allow trainees to improve their basic equipment use skills. In some cases, trainees may also practice on other trainees or model patients under supervision.

[0006] Ophthalmic training models have also been developed as a means of allowing students and practitioners to improve patient examination skills and the ability to perform laser surgical techniques multiple times without the use of cadaveric donor eyes, which require special attention to acquisition, preservation, transportation, storage, and disposal. Additionally, training models reduce the reliance on live patient volunteers, who may experience discomfort or adverse side effects from novice trainees and / or prolonged examinations. Some artificial model devices are made of various polymer materials in an attempt to mimic the anatomical features of the eye.

[0007] US 9,336,692 B1 to Stuart Stoll discloses a device that uses a body resembling a human eye and a suction cup to secure the model to a surface for practitioners to use with their laser surgical equipment. For selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), the body of the model houses a corneal shell that contains an iris welded to the side walls of the unit, and the iris contains a colored angled structure made of a polymer material that loses its coloration when SLT is performed, indicating successful completion of the procedure. The model is filled with water before use, which is achieved by removing the suction cup base to reveal a single opening in the bottom of the unit that is used to fill and empty the fluid contents of the model. Once the iris structure is decolorized / burned, the unit is discarded and a new model eye unit is required for further practice. US 9,336,692 B1 also discloses a separate version of the device for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser capsulotomy. In this version of the device, a corneo-scleral shell is found containing the iris welded to the side walls of the unit, the anterior capsule, the intraocular lens, and the posterior capsule that responds to the YAG laser. When the laser pierces the posterior capsule, it punches a hole in the membrane, indicating that the procedure was successfully completed. The model is filled with water before use, which, as in the SLT model, is achieved by unscrewing the suction cup base to reveal a single opening in the bottom of the unit, which is used to fill and empty the fluid contents of the model. Once the artificial capsule ruptures, the model eye unit is discarded and a new model eye unit is required for further practice.

[0008] Other attempts have been made to use specialized models to simulate surgical procedures for cataracts, vitreoretinal detachment and foreign body surgery, penetrating keratoplasty, iris suturing, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), globe suturing and enucleation. These ocular devices exist as separate models for unique training applications. In addition, many training devices do not have replaceable and replaceable parts, thereby increasing training expenses.

[0009] While the above devices may be surrogates that simulate basic anatomy and gross surgical outcomes, they are fundamentally designed to serve a single specific type of surgical function. In addition, there are some limitations on the variety of techniques that can be demonstrated with currently available models. In order to train and practice different techniques, multiple model eyes are required, each model eye for a specific surgery or a similar surgery for which it is designed. In addition, after each laser-affected portion of the device is used in training, the entire unit is discarded and replaced with a new unit. Although some devices may have some interchangeable parts, these devices are not modular, in which case specific structures can be replaced after ophthalmic laser surgery. In addition, while retaining the anatomically correct function and behavior of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), posterior capsulotomy, vitreolysis, and retinal photocoagulation, the design of these devices does not allow easy access to the internal structure of the model eye to replace parts. Therefore, the inventors have recognized the need for reusable and adaptable artificial training and practice tools in ophthalmology. The present inventors have also particularly recognized a need for an ophthalmic model that provides a simulation of scleral indentation examination for trainees to learn and practice without a live patient model. Summary of the invention

[0010] To overcome at least some of the above challenges, a model eye unit is provided that can be used to train and practice a variety of laser surgical and ophthalmic examination techniques. Surgeries include, but are not limited to, SLT, peripheral iridotomy, posterior capsulotomy, vitrectomy, and retinal photocoagulation using established laser surgical equipment and surgical procedures. The model eye unit can be used with any slit lamp, Nd-YAG laser, and / or argon (e.g., green) ophthalmic laser. It can be used with contact and non-contact fundus lenses to evaluate the anterior and posterior chambers of the model eye. In addition to having options for different structural sizes and pathologies incorporated into the simulated model elements, the device can be reused by replacing post-processed laser-irradiated or damaged elements as needed.

[0011] Additionally, the model eye unit design allows trainees to practice a variety of examination techniques, including gonioscopy (assessment of the angle between the cornea and iris using a contact lens), retinoscopy (determining the refractive power of the eye using reflected light from a light mirror), and common retinal examination techniques during biomicroscope (slit lamp) observation using non-contact or contact lenses or using a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO). By selecting a soft / flexible eyeball material, a procedure called scleral indentation (e.g., scleral indentation) can also be performed on the model eye unit.

[0012] In one example, the model eye unit can include a lens assembly removably attached to the anterior scleral shell. In such an example, the model eye unit also includes a middle portion removably coupled to the anterior scleral shell. Further in the model eye unit, the middle portion is removably and highly adjustably coupled to the posterior scleral portion, and the lens assembly includes a corneal lens. In this way, a highly adaptable model eye unit is equipped with reusable parts that can be reconfigured for a variety of ophthalmic practice and training procedures.

[0013] It should be understood that the above summary is provided to introduce in simplified form some concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is solely defined by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figures 1A to 1C Different views of a first example model eye unit are shown.

[0015] Figures 2 to 9 Shown included in Figures 1A to 1C Detailed view of the different components in the lens assembly of the model eye unit depicted.

[0016] Figures 10 to 12 Shown is a detailed view of the anterior scleral shell for a model eye unit.

[0017] Figure 13 to Figure 14 Different views of a first example for the middle part of a model eye cell are shown.

[0018] Fig.15 A second example is shown for the middle portion of the model eye cell.

[0019] Fig.16 A first example is shown for the posterior scleral portion of a model eye unit.

[0020] Fig.17 Different views of a second example of a posterior scleral portion of a model eye unit are shown.

[0021] Fig.18 Different views of another example of a model eye unit with a slide tube are shown.

[0022] FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0023] Fig. 20 Shows FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B A model eye unit for use in conjunction with a laser device is depicted in FIG.

[0024] Fig.21 Different views of another example of a model eye unit having a single threaded interface between the intermediate portion and the posterior scleral portion are shown.

[0025] Fig. 22 Different views of another example of a model eye unit with a slide tube are shown.

[0026] Fig.23 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0027] Fig.24 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0028] Fig.25 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0029] Fig.26 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0030] Fig. 27 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0031] Fig.28 Different views of another example of a model eye cell are shown.

[0032] Fig.29 An example of a sticker for a model eye unit is shown.

[0033] Fig.30 An example of a sample retinal image for a model eye unit is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following description relates to a model eye for surgical training procedures. The model eye may be suitable for a variety of different surgeries. In one example, the model eye may include a front portion having internal components for simulating an iris and an intraocular lens and an intraocular lens capsule. In such an example, the model eye also includes a middle portion connecting the front and rear segments, which allows elongation of the eye to simulate anatomical variations in eye length of real-life patients, and a rear segment designed to replicate the internal curvature of the retina, which also provides functionality for filling or draining fluid without opening the unit (if necessary). The model eye may have dimensions and behavior similar to a natural human eye. In addition, one purpose of the model eye is to enable practitioners, clinicians, and those in training to perform various training and ophthalmic assessment procedures for typical optometry and ophthalmology clinical practice in a safe, repeatable, and cost-effective manner.

[0035] A number of embodiments of a model eye unit are described herein. For the sake of detail, three embodiments of a model eye are described herein. However, model eyes having different combinations of features from the three embodiments have been envisioned.

[0036] In such Figure 1A In the first embodiment depicted, an assembled view of a model eye unit 100 is shown. The model eye unit 100 in the illustrated example includes a lens 102 (e.g., a transparent lens) that allows light to pass freely into the interior of the device. Visible inside is an iris disk 103 (e.g., an upper iris disk), which fits within an anterior scleral shell 104. The anterior scleral shell 104 can be located on top of a middle portion 124, which can form a watertight seal that allows fluid to remain in the unit if desired. A protrusion 108 (e.g., a tab) in the anterior scleral shell 104 allows a user's finger to be used to separate the front portion from the middle portion. Thus, the eye can be assembled and disassembled more efficiently.

[0037] The middle portion 124 can be located inside the posterior scleral portion 110, which contains a through hole 112 for mounting the unit to a laser device or a human head model using hardware, and is also used to allow the use of a syringe to inject or remove fluid contents from the model eye unit without using the protrusion 108 to open the unit (if necessary). The suction cup 114 can be used to fix the device to a surface such as an ophthalmic laser unit headrest, a biological microscope headrest, an examination chair, a wall, etc. However, other suitable unit mounting mechanisms can be utilized in other examples. More generally, the through hole 112 can be used for hardware mounting. In the example shown, the through hole 112 is located on the lower side 113 of the posterior scleral portion 110. However, other hole locations are also possible. In the example shown, the posterior scleral portion 110 also includes a curved outer surface 150. In addition, in the example shown, the outer surface 117 of the suction cup 114 tapers in the vertical direction.

[0038] Cutting plane A-A' represents Figure 1B The other cross-sectional views depicted in this article are taken along the Figure 1B The cutting plane AA' depicted in FIG. 1 is cut at a similar position to the cutting plane AA' depicted in FIG.

[0039] exist Figure 1A as well as Figures 1B to 28 Axis systems are provided in for reference where appropriate. The z-axis may be a vertical axis (e.g., parallel to the gravity axis), the x-axis may be a lateral axis (e.g., a horizontal axis), and / or the y-axis may be a longitudinal axis. However, in other examples, alternative orientations of the axes may be used.

[0040] Figure 1BA cross section of the model eye unit 100 is shown. The lens 102 is attached to the anterior scleral shell 104, forming a water seal. In the cross section, the iris disc 103 is visible, which sits on top of the transparent intraocular lens 116, which sits on top of the thin capsule 118. The intraocular lens 116 and the thin capsule 118 are sandwiched between the iris disc 103 and the intraocular lens retaining disc 120, which sits within the ridge 122 of the anterior scleral shell 104. The middle section 124 is shown fully inserted into the posterior scleral section 110 via the double-sided threaded interface 126 found in the middle section and the matching threads 128 in the posterior scleral section. The threaded interface allows the middle section 124 to be adjusted in height relative to the posterior scleral section 110. In this way, the model eye unit can be adapted for a wider range of training procedures, thereby increasing the customer appeal of the model eye unit.

[0041] Visible is the suction cup 114 used in the first embodiment to hold the model eye unit 100 on the laser / training device, and a plug 130 that can be used with a syringe to remove or add fluid to the unit if the user so chooses. Thus, the plug 130 is a removable plug that forms a watertight seal with the opening 131 in the posterior scleral portion 110. The plug 130 and opening 131 allow the interior portion 133 of the model eye unit to be filled with fluid, thereby allowing a more accurate surgical simulation. A through hole 132 is included for hard mounting the model eye unit 100. The central axis of the opening 131 can be angled relative to the vertical axis. However, in alternative embodiments, the opening can have another orientation.

[0042] Figure 1C An exploded view of a model eye unit 100 is shown. Figure 1C An upper component 134 (e.g., a lens component) of the model eye unit 100 is shown, which includes a lens 102 that simulates a cornea. Therefore, the lens 102 can be specifically referred to as a corneal lens. The upper component 134 can also include an anterior scleral shell 104, an iris disk 103, an intraocular lens 116, a membrane disk 142, and an intraocular lens retaining disk 140. However, as discussed in more detail herein, different upper component configurations have been contemplated. Figure 1CAlso shown are the middle portion 124, the posterior scleral portion 110, and the suction cup 114. Parts of the lens assembly can be disposable. For example, the iris disc 103, which can include a sticker, can be a disposable component. For example, the iris disc can be laser treated during surgery and then replaced with another iris disc in a subsequent surgery. However, other components in the model eye unit can be reusable, such as the suction cup 114, the posterior scleral portion 110, the middle portion 124, and / or the anterior scleral shell 104. Designing a model eye unit with selected reusable parts allows for reduced training expenses for trainees. It should be understood that the lens assembly can be effectively replaced to allow the model eye unit to be repeatedly used for training. In addition, as described in detail herein, the lens assembly can be reconfigured for a variety of different training surgeries, thereby expanding the applicability of the model eye unit.

[0043] Figure 2 A detailed view of a lens 102 that can simulate a cornea is shown. The lens 102 can be constructed of a polymer and / or other suitable material that allows light to pass through the lens and enables a clear view of the internal components, as well as a clear path for the laser device light to travel unimpeded or without deviating from its intended path. In one example, the lens 102 is designed and constructed so that it can be placed flush with the top flat surface of the anterior scleral shell 104 so that they can be glued, welded, and / or pressure-fitted in a manner that allows a water-tight seal. In some cases, the lens 102 can be attached to the shell and / or other components using ultraviolet (UV) cured transparent resins and / or other suitable attachment techniques.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the lens 102 can be constructed of a polymer material that allows light to pass freely through the lens and enables a clear view of the internal components. The intraocular lens 116 can also be constructed of a suitable polymer material that allows light to pass through. Figures 1A to 1C The intraocular lens retaining disc 140, the anterior scleral shell 104, the posterior scleral portion 110, and the intermediate portion 124 shown can be constructed of one or more polymer materials that do not allow light to pass therethrough and that enable the components to be removably connected to each other when appropriate. In addition, the suction cup 114 can be constructed of a polymer material that exhibits a desired amount of elasticity, which allows a partial vacuum to be created in the suction cup to retain the model eye in a desired position. Thus, in one example, the suction cup can be constructed of a different polymer material than the other components of the model eye unit.

[0045] The peripheral edge 201 of the lens 102 and the curved upper surface 202 are Figure 2 The peripheral edge 201 may be contoured to be removably attached to the anterior scleral shell 104, such as Figure 1C shown.

[0046] Inside the anterior scleral shell 104, a series of components can be configured to perform a specific training / exercise method. A set of internal components 136 are arranged in Figure 1B and Figure 1C and described in more detail herein.

[0047] Figure 3 A top view of the iris disk 103 is shown, where in the example shown, a series of arms 300 can be seen around the periphery 302. The arms 300 can be designed to fit within the anterior scleral shell 104 ( Figures 1A to 1C ), so that the iris disk 103 is firmly held in place against the side of the housing. The arms 300 also serve to allow fluid and air to move freely to the lens space 200 ( Figure 2 The iris disc 103 may have a raised edge 306 in the periphery 302 of the top side 308, which in one use case example may extend approximately 0.5 mm from the plane of the iris disc 103 to mimic the trabecular meshwork of the eye. However, other suitable iris disc sizes are contemplated.

[0048] Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows a bottom view of the iris disk 103. Figure 4 The example of the iris disk 103 depicted in FIG. 1 shows arms 300, pupil opening 304, and no raised ridges. In the example shown, the iris disk 103 includes a substantially planar lower surface 400. However, in other examples, the iris disk may have other suitable contours.

[0049] Figure 5 A top view of an intraocular lens 116 is shown, wherein a shaded portion 500 (eg, a darkened circular portion) represents the oval shape of the lens. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaded portion 500 is circumferentially surrounded by a flat structure 502 of the lens (which is lighter in color than the shaded portion).

[0050] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of an intraocular lens 116 is shown. Figure 6 Again, a shaded portion 500 is depicted in the shape of the lens. In addition, the contour of the flat structure 502 of the lens is designed to fit in Figure 1C The iris disk 103 shown in FIG. Figure 1C, thereby allowing the lens side of the intraocular lens to be located within the opening of the intraocular lens retaining disk. In one example, the intraocular lens 116 can be constructed of a transparent and relatively hard polymer that allows light to pass freely without diverting its path. However, in other examples, other suitable intraocular lens constructions can be used.

[0051] Figure 7 The film disk 142 is shown (which is Figure 1C In one example, the film disk 142 (e.g., a capsular membrane) can be used to simulate the intraocular lens capsule affected during a capsulotomy procedure. The material used to construct the film disk can be a flexible polymer (e.g., a plastic such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in one use case example) and / or a film constructed of wax and polyolefins, such as Parafilm in one use case example. TM .

[0052] Figure 8 1 shows a top perspective view of an intraocular lens retaining tray 140. In the example shown, the intraocular lens retaining tray 140 has an arm 800 that is designed to fit within the anterior scleral shell 104, such as Figure 1B and Figure 1C 800 so that it is held securely in place against the side of the housing (if desired). The arms 800 may also function to allow fluid and air to move freely between the units. In the example shown, there are multiple (e.g., four) raised portions 802 (e.g., protrusions) in the periphery 804 of the intraocular lens retaining disk 140. The profile of the raised portions 802 is designed to rest against the arms of the iris disk 103, as shown. Figure 1B and 1C As shown, a pocket for the intraocular lens 116 and a membrane disk 142 (eg, a capsular membrane) is simultaneously formed, such as Figure 1C As shown, it can be seated therein and securely held during use. Figure 8 As shown, the intraocular lens retaining disk 140 may have an opening 806 approximately the size of Figure 5 The dimensions of the circumference of the shaded portion 500 of the intraocular lens 116 are shown.

[0053] Fig. 9 A bottom view of the intraocular lens retaining disk 140 is shown. For detailed description, Fig. 9 Arm 800, intraocular lens opening 806, and planar surface 900 are depicted.

[0054] Fig.10A top perspective view of an anterior scleral shell 104 designed to mimic the anterior scleral portion of the eye is shown. The anterior scleral shell 104 can be constructed of a translucent, flexible polymer material that provides tactile feedback to the practitioner, simulating the behavior of fluid-filled eye tension (if desired). The flat surface 1000 in the anterior scleral shell 104 allows Figure 1C The lens 102 shown in FIG. 1 can be placed and sealed against the anterior scleral shell. For detailed description, the lens 102 (eg, Figure 2 100) can be designed and constructed so that it can be placed flush with the top flat surface 1000 of the anterior scleral shell 104 so that they can be glued, welded, or press-fitted in a manner that allows for a water-tight seal. Specifically, in one use case example, as previously described, the lens can be coupled to the anterior scleral shell via a UV-curable transparent resin.

[0055] In addition, Fig.10 In the embodiment, the first set of internal ridges 1002 (which includes the upper ridge 1003) allows the iris disk 103 (such as Figure 1C and Figure 4 1004) is positioned closest to the upper end of the inner shell (if necessary). In addition, another ridge 1004 can be positioned below the upper ridge 1003 (e.g., in one use case example, at a distance of 1 mm) to allow for Figure 1C The intraocular lens 116 and the membrane disk 142 (e.g., capsule) shown in FIG. 1 are fixed to the Figure 1C 103 and the intraocular lens holding disk 140. The anterior scleral shell 104 can be constructed of a translucent, flexible polymer material that provides tactile feedback to the practitioner, simulating the behavior of fluid-filled eye tension.

[0056] Fig.11 104. A bottom perspective view of the anterior scleral shell 104 is shown. In this view, a second set of ridges 1100 are visible in the lower inner shell surface 1102. The second set of ridges 1100 is used to seal the unit against the middle portion 124, as shown in FIG. Figure 1B and Figure 1C As shown, a watertight seal is formed. To assist in the insertion and removal of the anterior scleral shell 104, there may be a protruding tab 1104 to allow the use of fingers, nails, and / or tools to assist in the separation of the parts without degrading the performance of the sealing mechanism. In one example, the anterior scleral shell 104 may be constructed of a semi-rigid elastomeric polymer that provides tactile flexibility to the component, simulating the tactile feel of the scleral portion of a human eyeball.

[0057] Fig.12A cross-sectional view of the anterior scleral shell 104 having a top set of ridges 1002 including an upper ridge 1003 and a lower ridge 1004 is depicted. Fig.12 Also shown is a second set of ridges 1100 (eg, a lower set of ridges), which includes ridge 1200 and ridge 1202 .

[0058] For all of the model eye unit embodiments described herein, the lens, anterior scleral shell, iris disc, intraocular lens, lens capsule, and intraocular lens disc may be identical (e.g., in size, shape, and material construction). However, the model eye unit may differ in the middle portion and the rear shell. The reason for the different model eye unit embodiments stems from the need to simulate different anatomical dimensions of the human eye, since the distance between the intraocular lens and the retina / optic nerve determines a person's visual acuity (hyperopia / myopia). Therefore, the eye unit can be effectively adapted to different surgeries, thereby expanding the unit's applicability and increasing its appeal to customers.

[0059] Fig.13 A top perspective view of the middle portion 124 is shown, which in the example shown has a cylindrical shape and includes an upper row of ridges 1300 that are contoured to engage with the Fig.12 The lower set of ridges 1100 of the anterior scleral shell 104 are shown to form a watertight seal between the parts.

[0060] Additionally, in the example shown, the intermediate portion 124 has external threads 1302 and internal threads 1304 in the double-sided threaded interface 126, which allow the unit to be screwed (e.g., in a clockwise direction) into the posterior scleral portion 110, as shown. Figure 1B and Figure 1C However, the middle portion 124 can be designed so that by turning it counterclockwise (from the fully inserted position), it can extend the middle portion from a desired length (e.g., in one use case example, 0 mm to 10 mm), simulating the natural elongation of the eye, which causes a change in diopter for every 1 mm of elongation or contraction of the eye (myopia or hyperopia), thereby allowing the model to simulate the most common anatomical lengths of the eye in patients around the world.

[0061] Fig.14 A cross-sectional view of the middle portion 124 is shown including upper ridges 1400 and 1402, external threads 1404, and internal threads 1406. The middle portion 124 can be designed and constructed in a manner that allows a watertight seal to be retained via a dual thread arrangement (i.e., external threads 1404 and internal threads 1406), even when maximally extended (e.g., extended to 10 mm in one use case example).

[0062] Fig.15Another example of an intermediate portion 1500 is shown, which can replace the model eye unit 100 (eg Figures 1A to 1C ) or the middle portion 124 in other model eye units described herein. In the example shown, the middle portion 1500 retains the ridges in the upper edge 1502, but the threads 1504 are only present in the outer surface of the middle portion to achieve the same effect of allowing the unit to extend within the desired range (e.g., 0 mm to 10 mm in one use case example) and maintain a seal.

[0063] In the example shown, the middle portion 1500 includes an upper ridge 1600 and an upper ridge 1602 and an outer thread 1504. The middle portion 1500 can be constructed of a hard polymer material. Thus, the middle portion may be thicker than the anterior scleral shell 104 (e.g., Figure 10 to Figure 11 In addition, as shown in Fig.15 The illustrated middle portion 1500 may be opaque.

[0064] Fig.16 1 shows an upper perspective view of the posterior scleral portion 110. The posterior scleral portion 110 can be designed to fit the screw locking mechanism of the intermediate portion 124 (e.g., Figure 1B and Figure 1C 1700 ), which is assembled by having matching threads in the channel 1700, allowing the middle section to be screwed in and out of the rear section to the desired length. Fig.16 External threads 1702 and internal threads 1704 can be seen.

[0065] Fig.16 Specifically shown are external threads 1702 and internal threads 1704 designed to mate with a female counterpart of the middle portion. The inner surface 1800 of the inner portion may also be curved to match the contour of the retina.

[0066] In the example shown, the inner surface 1800 of the posterior scleral portion 110 includes an opening 1802 (e.g., a 2 mm opening at 15 degrees from center in one use case example) that can be used to fill or drain the model eye with fluid using a syringe or other suitable device and can be plugged (if necessary) with a plug 1804. The opening 1802 can be positioned in the same location as the optic nerve, so that when used, it will be anatomically correct and a non-invasive feature that mimics the real optic nerve when viewed through an instrument.

[0067] The opening 1802 can be positioned similar to the optic nerve so that when used, it will be anatomically correct and a non-invasive feature that mimics the real optic nerve when viewed through an instrument (if desired). In one example, the outer shell 1806 of the posterior scleral portion 110 can be an elliptical shape that follows the curvature of the bottom sclera of the eye and can be constructed of the same material as the middle portion (e.g., a hard polymer material) to allow for the desired compatibility with the shape of the anterior portion and visual continuity.

[0068] exist Fig.16 In the embodiment, the posterior scleral portion 110 includes an opening 1900 near the bottom, which allows the suction cup 114 (such as Figure 1B and Figure 1C ) is used to secure the assembled model eye unit to the observation microscope / laser device.

[0069] When the suction cup is removed, the user can access the opening 1802 for the optic nerve (e.g., a syringe opening) and allow the use of a syringe to fill and drain fluid within the assembled model eye unit without having to separate the parts by attaching it to the syringe opening at the bottom 1902 of the opening 1802.

[0070] The housing of the posterior scleral portion 110 has a through hole 1904. The suction cup 114 (e.g. Figure 1B and Figure 1C The unit may have corresponding through holes as shown. These through holes allow the unit to be hard mounted on a vertical or horizontal surface for surgical practice, or mounted on the eye sockets of a full-size patient head simulation model according to user requirements.

[0071] In the example shown, the outer shell 1906 of the posterior scleral portion 110 is an elliptical shape that follows the curvature of the bottom sclera of the eye. In addition, the posterior scleral portion 110 can be composed of a plurality of scleral portions 1906 that are substantially the same as the intermediate portion 1500 (e.g., Fig.15 The back portion and the middle portion may be constructed of the same material as shown to allow for property compatibility and visual continuity with the shape of the front portion. However, in other examples, the back portion and the middle portion may be constructed of different materials and / or the shell may have different profiles.

[0072] Fig.17 Another embodiment of the posterior scleral portion 2000 is shown in FIG. The posterior scleral portion 2000 has a row of threads 2002 in the outer portion of the channel 2004 to match the threads of the single threaded middle portion 1500 (eg, Fig.15 2006) and allows the model eye unit to be extended to the desired length while retaining water-tight properties. The inner surface 2006 of the inner portion retains a curvature that matches the contour of the retina and retains a through hole for a hard mounting unit (similar to the other through holes described herein).

[0073] exist Fig.17 In the figure, the threads 2002 of the female counterpart in the middle portion can be seen. The curvature of the inner surface 2006 is also Fig.17 Shown in.

[0074] exist Fig.17 Also shown is opening 2100. In one use case example, opening 2100 may have a diameter of 2 mm at 15 degrees from center. Opening 2100 may again be used to fill or drain fluid from the model eye using a syringe and may be plugged with a stopper if desired. Opening 2102 allows for a suction cup (e.g., Figure 1B and Figure 1C The suction cup 114 shown in FIG. 1 is used to secure the entire assembled unit to the viewing microscope / laser device.

[0075] exist Fig.18 Another embodiment of the posterior scleral portion 2200 included in the model eye unit 2202 is shown in FIG. The posterior scleral portion 2200 uses a slide tube 2204 that can slide up and down within the posterior portion 2206, and the slide tube is held in place by screwing the intermediate portion 1500 into the exposed internal threads 2208 of the inner wall of the posterior portion 2206, which causes deformation of the posterior portion, thereby shrinking the diameter of the opening of the posterior portion and limiting the movement of the slide tube 2204 having a retinal shape to be positioned by pushing or pulling the slide tube, which can be held in place by friction and a pair of O-rings 2210, which can also be used for water sealing.

[0076] The slide tube 2204 may retain a through hole for hard mounting the assembled unit to a desired instrument, as well as to accommodate the suction cup 114. The stopper may be used to add or remove material via a syringe and / or other suitable device.

[0077] Fig.18 The inner threads 2208 of the rear portion 2206 are specifically depicted, which allow the middle portion to be assembled while maintaining a watertight seal. Two channels 2300 and 2302 are present in the lower half of the inner wall of the rear portion 2206, which accommodate O-rings 2210, which create a tight fit and watertight seal for the internal components of the model eye unit, helping to maintain it in the desired position. The retinal bend 2304 is shown in the slide tube 2204, and Fig.18 The optic foramen 2306, suction cup chamber 2308 and suction cup 2310 are shown.

[0078] Fig.18 Shown with Fig.15 The threads of the single threaded intermediate portion 1500 shown match the internal threads 2208. Fig.18 As shown, because there is a double threaded middle portion 124 (such as Fig.13 2204 slides into the model eye unit, the wall 2400 of the rear portion 2206 flexes, thereby reducing the opening 2402 that exists for the slide tube 2204 to slide into. Together with the O-ring 2210, the deformation and friction allow the slide tube to remain in the desired position, which is changed by pushing or pulling the slide tube up and down along the opening. Fig.18 The optic foramen 2306 can be seen in the figure, as can the suction cup cavity 2404 and the suction cup 2310. In the example shown, a through hole for hard mounting is also present in the model eye unit 2202, and a plug 2410 is also present.

[0079] Each part may contain unique components that allow for training in selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) capsulotomy, vitreolysis, and retinal photocoagulation, and the model eye unit may be assembled with the components and used as described below.

[0080] SLT is a form of laser surgery that targets the angled structure of the eye where the cornea and iris meet in a specific area visualized by this contact angle, called the trabecular meshwork. It is this contact angle that is assessed during a gonioscopy procedure, whereby a mirrored lens is placed on the cornea along with contact gel and this angle can be viewed through the mirrored lens in a slit lamp instrument. It is also at this angular position that the SLT laser surgical procedure using a gonioscopy lens creates a relatively small opening, allowing fluid that has accumulated in the patient's eye to be able to flow back out of the eye, thereby restoring the natural flow of fluid within the eye to reduce pressure.

[0081] For model eye units to be used in SLT training or practice and for gonioscopy assessment training or practice, the unit can be FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B In the example shown, the model eye unit 2500 includes a lens 102, an anterior scleral shell 104, an iris disk 103, a middle portion 124 in a fully inserted position, a posterior scleral portion 110 with a through hole 112, and a suction cup 114.

[0082] Fig.19A An exploded view of a model eye unit 2500 is shown. Fig.19B 100 , the lens 102 (serving as the cornea), the anterior scleral shell 104, the iris disk 103, the middle portion 124 in a fully inserted position, the posterior scleral portion 110, the suction cup 114, and the plug 1804 are shown. The model eye unit 2500 can be assembled with the lens 102 attached to the anterior scleral shell 104 so that a watertight seal is formed.

[0083] To insert the iris disc 103 into its desired position, the anterior scleral shell 104 can be flipped over and the user can insert the iris disc into the first set of ridges 1002 present in the anterior scleral shell 104, allowing the iris disc to fit securely within the anterior portion of the cavity. In some cases, the iris disc 103 can contain a sticker image of an iris.

[0084] As previously described, the iris disc 103 can be designed to have a trabecular meshwork edge (e.g., a ridge) extending around the circumference of the disc. In one specific use case example, the ridge can be raised 0.5 mm above the horizontal plane. In addition, in one use case example, the iris disc itself can have a pupil opening ranging from 2 mm to 8 mm in diameter to simulate the range of contraction to full dilation of the through-hole, and a series of curved outer arms that allow the iris disc to be held in place by pressing against the side walls while allowing fluid (e.g., water and / or other suitable fluids) to flow freely between the components of the model eye unit. In addition, the iris disc 103 can have a waterproof sticker with a pupil hole to match the hole of the iris disc, which is attached to a surface to visually simulate the iris during use, and the outer edge of the sticker can be modified, for example, when performing surgery.

[0085] To continue assembly of the model eye unit 2500, the user can then remove the posterior scleral portion 110 and add the plug 1804 to seal the unit. Next, the male threads in the double-sided threaded interface 126 of the middle portion 124 can be engaged by the user with the external threads 1702 and the internal threads 1704 in the channel 1700 of the posterior scleral portion 110. To elaborate, the middle portion 124 can be turned clockwise to screw the middle portion into the posterior scleral portion 110 until the desired length is reached. In this way, the adaptability of the model eye unit is increased.

[0086] When fully inserted, the posterior scleral portion 110 can be flush with the surface 2502 of the intermediate portion 124, or can be extended to a desired length (e.g., in a range of 0 mm to 10 mm vertically in one use case example) while maintaining a water-tight seal. Fig.19B The surface 2502 of the intermediate portion 124 is shown to be flush with the posterior scleral portion 110.

[0087] Continue to refer to Fig.19A, once the desired length between the middle portion 124 and the posterior scleral portion 110 is set, the assembly formed between the posterior scleral portion and the middle portion can be placed underwater and filled with fluid. While underwater, and once the air bubbles have been removed, the anterior scleral shell 104 can be pushed into the middle portion 124. To elaborate, the ridges 1100 in the anterior scleral shell 104 can engage with the upper row of ridges 1300 in the middle portion 124 to form a watertight seal. The anterior scleral shell can be constructed of a flexible material to allow for such engagement. Next, the model eye unit 2500 can be placed in the laser training device via the suction cup 114 or hardware compatible with the training device manufacturer to be placed in the desired position.

[0088] For gonioscopy and SLT, the model eye unit 2500 can be positioned in the plane of the slit lamp / laser device 2600, as if Fig. 20 The eye will be positioned as shown when the patient is being examined. A contact gel may be placed on the cornea / lens and an STL procedure may be performed to burn away the trabecular meshwork (i.e., Figure 3 A raised edge 306 (eg, ridge) on the iris disk 103 is shown.

[0089] The STL procedure can be performed as follows: the clinician can observe the angle of the trabecular meshwork through an angled lens (gonioscopy procedure), and when the laser is focused on the area on the trabecular meshwork where the laser is desired to be applied, the SLT laser device button can be triggered to apply a laser pulse across the mirror and burn a hole in the trabecular meshwork at the desired location and angle. In one example, the procedure can be done in quadrants, for example, 20 to 30 laser applications per quadrant or approximately 100 laser applications through 360 degrees of the iris disk.

[0090] For the model eye unit described in this article, Figure 3 The raised edges 306 (e.g., ridges) on the illustrated iris disk 103 may behave in a manner similar to the human trabecular meshwork. FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B and Fig. 20In the model eye unit 2500 shown, directly adjacent to the iris ridge, there may be a thin line of dark brown coloration in the sticker that may simulate the target location for the trabecular meshwork and SLT surgery. When the laser hits the colored band of the trabecular meshwork, the target area becomes discolored and bubbles may be seen within the fluid of the model eye unit. This provides physical feedback to the trainee that the correct location is being lasered. In the human eye, bubbles may be seen in the aqueous fluid, but discoloration does not occur and may be used only for training purposes. Once the SLT surgery is completed, the anterior scleral shell and middle portion may be separated, and the burnt disc and iris sticker may be removed and a new set introduced, repeating the above-described water injection procedure (if necessary) without discarding any other components or parts of the model eye unit. In this way, the model eye unit may be effectively used for multiple training procedures, thereby increasing customer appeal. Embodiments of model eye units for SLT and gonioscopy procedures are described in more detail herein.

[0091] Fig.21 A cross-sectional view of a model eye unit 2700 is shown. In the example shown, the model eye unit 2700 includes a middle portion 1500 having threads 1504 and a posterior scleral portion 2000 having threads 2002. The model eye unit 2700 also includes a lens 102 (simulating a cornea), an anterior scleral shell 104, an iris disk 103, a plug 1804, a suction cup 114, and a posterior scleral portion 2000 including a through hole.

[0092] Fig.21 A model eye unit 2700 is shown having a lens 102, anterior scleral shell 104, iris disk 103, intermediate portion 1500, posterior scleral portion 2000, plug 1804 and suction cup 114.

[0093] Fig. 22 A model eye unit 2202 is shown having a lens 102, anterior scleral shell 104, iris disk 103, posterior portion 2206, slide tube 2204, plug 1804, O-ring 2210, and suction cup 114.

[0094] Different model eye embodiments may be installed in a similar manner and follow the same procedures as described above for the model eye 2500 (eg, Fig.19A and Fig.19B ) the same assembly, filling and operating procedures. However, the mechanism used to extend the length of the different model eye unit embodiments can vary.

[0095] LPI is a procedure that uses a YAG laser device to create a hole in the iris to allow aqueous humor to move freely from the posterior chamber of the eye to the anterior chamber and relieve pupillary block. The device disclosed herein can be used to practice peripheral iridotomy by using the same setup as the SLT procedure described above.

[0096] For the model eye unit to be used in LPI training or practice, it can be as follows Fig.19A As shown, the assembled model eye unit 2500 includes the lens 102, the anterior scleral shell 104, the iris disk 103, the inserted (e.g., fully inserted) middle part 124, the posterior scleral part 110 and the suction cup 114.

[0097] Fig.19B An exploded view of a model eye unit 2500 as previously described is shown. Fig.19B , the lens 102 (serving as the cornea), the anterior scleral shell 104, the iris disk 103, the middle portion 124 in the fully inserted position, the posterior scleral portion 110, the suction cup 114, and the plug 1804 are shown.

[0098] The model eye unit 2500 can be assembled with the lens 102 attached to the anterior scleral shell 104, thereby forming a water seal. To insert the iris disc 103 into its position, the anterior scleral shell 104 can be turned over and the user inserts the iris disc containing the sticker image of the iris into the first set of ridges 1100 present in the anterior scleral shell, thereby allowing the iris disc to fit securely within the anterior portion of the cavity.

[0099] As previously described, the iris disc 103 can be designed with a trabecular meshwork ridge that extends around the circumference of the iris disc. In one specific use case example, this ridge can be raised 0.5mm above the horizontal plane. Again, in one use case example, the iris disc itself can have a 2mm to 8mm pupil opening in the center to simulate the range of contraction to full dilation of the through-hole, and a series of curved outer arms that allow the iris disc to be held in place by pressing against the side walls while enabling water / fluid to flow freely between the components of the model eye unit. The iris disc can have a waterproof sticker with a pupil hole to match the hole of the iris disc that is attached to a surface to visually mimic the iris during use, and the surface of the sticker rather than the edge near the trabecular meshwork can be modified when surgery is performed.

[0100] To proceed with assembly of the model eye unit 2500, the user can then remove the posterior scleral portion 110 and add the plug 1804 to seal the unit and place the threads of the middle portion 124 onto the female threaded cavity of the posterior scleral portion 110, rotating clockwise to insert the middle portion into the posterior portion unit to the desired length. For example, when fully inserted, the middle portion 124 can be flush with the posterior scleral portion 110, or can be extended vertically to any length up to 10 mm while maintaining a watertight seal. Once the desired length is set, the two portions can be placed underwater and filled with fluid. While underwater, and once all air bubbles have been removed, the two portions can be connected by removing the anterior scleral shell 104 and pushing it into the middle portion 124 via the grooves present in the flexible anterior scleral shell and the rigid ridges in the upper outer edge of the middle portion, thereby forming a watertight seal. The model eye unit can then be placed in the laser training device via the suction cup 114 or hardware compatible with the training device manufacturer to be placed in the desired position.

[0101] The model eye unit 2500 can be positioned in the plane of the laser device 2600, as if Fig. 20 The model eye unit is shown as it would be positioned when a human eye is being examined. A contact gel can be placed on the lens 102, and the LPI procedure is performed to burn out the hole in the iris disc 103 using the laser. As the laser hits the iris sticker and iris disc, the target area becomes discolored and bubbles can be seen within the fluid of the model eye. This provides the trainee with physical feedback that the correct position has been lasered. In the human eye, bubbles can be seen in the aqueous fluid, but discoloration will not occur and may be used only for training purposes. Once the LPI procedure is completed, the anterior scleral shell 104 and posterior scleral portion 110 can be separated, and the burned disc and iris sticker can be removed and a new set introduced, repeating the above-described water injection procedure (if necessary) without discarding any other components or parts of the unit. Other embodiments of the model eye unit can be described for LPI in the same manner as SLT and anterior chamber gonioscopy.

[0102] As mentioned above, Fig.21 The model eye unit 2700 shown includes a single threaded middle portion 1500 and a posterior scleral portion 2000. The model eye unit 2700 also includes a lens 102 (simulating a cornea), an anterior scleral shell 104, an iris disk 103, a plug 1804, a suction cup 114, and a posterior scleral portion 2000 including a through hole.

[0103] A posterior capsulotomy (e.g., a YAG capsulotomy) is a laser procedure that may be performed after cataract surgery when the artificial intraocular lens placed within the patient's natural lens capsule becomes cloudy or wrinkled, causing blurred vision. During a posterior capsulotomy, a laser may be used to create an opening in the cloudy capsule, allowing light to pass freely again and clear vision to be restored.

[0104] Fig.23 An example of a model eye unit 3100 is shown in FIG. Fig.23 The lens 102, the iris disk 103, the anterior scleral shell 104, the middle portion 124, the posterior scleral portion 110 with the through hole 112, and the suction cup 114 can be seen.

[0105] Fig.23 An exploded view of a model eye unit 3100 is shown. For detailed description, Fig.23 31 shows the internal components for practicing and training posterior capsulotomy. In the illustrated example, the model eye unit 3100 includes the lens 102, the iris disc 103, the anterior scleral shell 104, the intermediate portion 124, the posterior scleral portion 110 with a through hole 112, and the suction cup 114. The model eye unit 3100 also includes an intraocular lens 116, a film disc 142 (or wax paper) simulating a posterior capsulotomy membrane, and a lens retaining disc 140 enclosed in the anterior scleral shell 104, while the lens and the plastic film are placed between the iris disc and the lens retaining disc, which are interlocked via the contour arm 300, allowing the unit to be placed in the inner ridge 1002 of the anterior scleral shell 104 as a single element (if necessary). In one specific example, the design allows the thin film disk 142 (used as a posterior capsulotomy membrane) to be enclosed in a separate chamber approximately 1 mm from the base of the iris disk 103 to simulate the position of the intraocular lens capsule affected by the posterior capsulotomy laser surgery. This allows the thin film disk 142 (e.g., membrane) to be used as an intraocular lens capsule opacification membrane for laser training purposes, if desired. Fig.23 The middle portion 124, the posterior scleral portion 110 with the through hole 112, and the suction cup 114 are shown.

[0106] To continue assembly of the model eye unit 3100, the user then removes the posterior scleral portion 110 and adds the plug 1804 to seal the unit and places the male threads of the intermediate portion 124 onto the female threaded cavity of the posterior scleral portion 110 where the matching threads are found, rotating clockwise to insert the intermediate portion into the posterior portion unit to the desired length.

[0107] As previously described, when fully inserted, the unit can be flush with the surface, or can be extended vertically to any length up to 10 mm while maintaining a watertight seal. Once the desired length is set, the two parts are placed underwater and filled with fluid. While underwater, and once all air bubbles have been removed, the lens 102 attached to the anterior scleral shell 104 with all internal components (i.e., iris disk 103, intraocular lens 116, intraocular lens retaining disk 140, and membrane disk 142) is removed, and the two parts are connected by removing the lens 102 attached to the anterior scleral shell 104 with all internal components (i.e., iris disk 103, intraocular lens 116, intraocular lens retaining disk 140, and membrane disk 142), and pushing the lens into the middle part via the groove present in the flexible anterior scleral shell 104 and the rigid ridge in the upper outer edge of the middle part 124, thereby forming a watertight seal. The model eye unit 3100 can then be placed in the laser training device via the suction cup 114 or hardware compatible with the training device manufacturer to place it in the correct position.

[0108] The model eye device is positioned in the plane of the laser device, just as a human eye would be positioned if a patient were being examined. A contact gel can be placed on the cornea / lens, and the YAG capsulotomy procedure performed. The practitioner can see that an opaque central white area is found behind the lens within the eye, and can then focus the laser behind the membrane and turn on the YAG laser, creating an oscillating effect that vaporizes small holes in the cloudy membrane. Similar techniques can be performed with other types of lasers, including multi-pulse laser trabeculoplasty, selective medium wavelength laser, or argon laser trabeculoplasty, among others.

[0109] Once the YAG capsulotomy procedure is complete, the ocular unit sections can be separated and the cauterized membrane removed and a new membrane introduced, repeating the above-described water injection procedure (if necessary) without discarding any other components or parts of the unit.

[0110] Fig.24 Another embodiment of a model eye unit 3400 that can be used for YAG capsulotomy is shown. The model eye unit 3400 includes a single threaded middle portion 1500 and a single threaded posterior scleral portion 2000. In the example shown, the model eye unit 3400 also includes a lens 102, an iris disk 103, an anterior scleral shell 104, an intraocular lens 116, an intraocular lens retaining disk 140, a membrane disk 142, and a suction cup 114.

[0111] Fig.25 An exploded view of a model eye unit 3600 is shown. The model eye unit 3600 includes a lens 102, an iris disc 103, an anterior scleral shell 104, an intraocular lens 116, an intraocular lens retaining disc 140, a membrane disc 142, an intermediate portion 1500, a slide tube 2204, a posterior portion 2206, an O-ring 2210, and a suction cup 114.

[0112] Multiple model eye unit embodiments may be installed in the same manner and follow the same assembly, filling and operating procedures, the only difference being the mechanism used to extend the length of the model eye in some cases.

[0113] Vitreolysis may involve the application of nanosecond pulses of low-energy laser light to vaporize "floaters" or vitreous opacities. The procedure may be performed using a YAG laser, and the laser is focused on vitreous opacities floating in the vitreous, or the gel-like material located in the area between the back of the lens and the retina inside the eye.

[0114] For vitreolysis surgery, you can use Fig.26 The model eye unit 3800 is shown. The model eye unit 3800 includes a lens 102, an iris disk 103, an anterior scleral shell 104, an intraocular lens 116, a lens retaining disk 140, an intermediate portion 124, a posterior scleral portion 110 having a through hole 112, and a suction cup 114.

[0115] For vitreolysis, a model eye unit 3800 may be put together using the lens 102, iris disc 103, anterior scleral shell 104, intraocular lens 116, intraocular lens retaining disc 140, intermediate portion 124, posterior scleral portion 110, and suction cup 114. Assembly of the model eye unit 3800 may be performed after assembly of the iris disc 103, intraocular lens 116, and lens retaining disc 140, while the lens sandwiched between the discs interlocked via contour arms 300 allows the unit to be used as a single element when placed within the inner ridge of the anterior scleral shell 104.

[0116] The user can then remove the middle section 124 and insert it by screwing the unit into the matching groove in the posterior scleral section 110 to the desired depth. Silicone oil or a similar fluid can be used instead of water to simulate sulfuric acid, allowing small particles to be suspended in the fluid with neutral buoyancy. The particles can be pre-mixed in the fluid and can be inserted by using the syringe opening 1901 (e.g., located at the bottom of the posterior section) Fig.26 ) or by immersing the two halves in a vitreous fluid containing suspended particles, filling the device in a manner similar to the procedure described for water. In one example, the model eye unit 3800 can be dried and placed on a laser device (e.g., as shown in FIG. Fig. 20 The laser device 2600 is shown, the unit using suction cups to hold it in place.

[0117] The clinician can use a contact lens to immobilize the eye and allow the laser to focus on the vitreous opacities visible through the pupil opening, and then use the YAG laser to remove the "floaters" in the vitreous of the eye. When the procedure is over, the model eye unit can be separated, or fluid removed using a syringe port to remove and replace the internal material.

[0118] Other embodiments of model eye units are described below for vitreolysis. Fig. 27 A model eye unit 4100 is shown having a single threaded middle portion 1500 and a single threaded posterior scleral portion 2000. In the example shown, the model eye unit 4100 also includes a lens 102, an iris disk 103, an anterior scleral shell 104, an intraocular lens 116, an intraocular lens retaining disk 140, and a suction cup 114.

[0119] Fig.28 An exploded view of another example of a model eye unit 4300 is shown, which in the example shown includes a lens 102, an iris disk 103, an anterior scleral shell 104, an intraocular lens 116, an intraocular lens retaining disk 140, a middle portion 1500, a posterior portion 2206, a slide tube 2204, a plug 1804, an O-ring 2210, and a suction cup 114.

[0120] Retinal photocoagulation can be used to laser treat retinal blood vessels that have become leaky due to certain eye diseases, including diabetes that affects the retina. To simulate the procedure, the rear of the internal model can be printed with one or more examples of anatomically correct retinal images and applied as a waterproof sticker to the scleral backing. The retinal image sticker can be shaped so that when it is placed within the curved retinal cavity, it has only slight or no creases to its curvature. Fig.29 The shape of sticker 4500 is shown in FIG. Fig.30 A sample retinal image 4600 having this shape is shown in FIG.

[0121] In some cases, the laser can be applied with or without a contact retinal lens for inspection and visual observation of retinal laser photocoagulation burns. The printed retinal image can be easily replaced after the laser is applied to allow the procedure to be practiced multiple times. The model eye can also be used for gonioscopy, biomicroscopic fundus assessment, and / or other appropriate examination procedures.

[0122] Gonioscopy can be used to assess the angle between the cornea and the iris using a contact lens with a reflective mirror. The gonioscopy lens can be used for the SLT procedure as described above, so the trainee will learn how to apply and use the lens. The gonioscopy lens can be applied directly to the model cornea with gel, and the angle between the cornea and the iris can be observed. The setup for the model eye can use the same configuration as the SLT setup, and all images and procedures for setting up the device can be used with the FIG. 19A to FIG. 22 The same as the model eye unit embodiment depicted in .

[0123] In biomicroscopic fundus assessment, for training purposes, the retina (fundus) can be viewed by applying an anatomically correct retinal image to a scleral backing and viewing it through a slit lamp with a contact or non-contact fundus lens. The retinal image used on the scleral backing can depict normal retinal anatomy or contain various ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, glaucoma, etc. The printed retinal image can be easily replaced to allow identification of various diseases. In some cases, the shape of the retinal image sticker must be such that when it is placed in the curved retinal cavity, it bends without creating any creases.

[0124] Direct ophthalmoscopy may be similar to the fundus evaluation described above, but a handheld ophthalmoscope is used instead of a slit lamp, and no auxiliary lenses are used. Various retinal images can be applied to the scleral backing for use in identifying normal or abnormal ocular conditions.

[0125] Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) can be performed using a device called an indirect biomicroscope mounted on the trainee's head to focus light onto the pupil and retina. Various retinal images can be applied to the scleral backing to identify normal or abnormal eye conditions.

[0126] In scleral indentation, the softer, more flexible material used on the anterior portion of the scleral model can be used for scleral indentation (also called scleral indentation). To do this, the trainee moves from the scleral indenter to the Figure 1B Pressure is applied to the anterior scleral shell of the model eye unit 100 shown. Scleral indentation is used to evaluate the peripheral retina by rolling the scleral pressure block against the sclera to further evaluate retinal pathology. In some cases, this can be used in conjunction with the BIO. The setup for the model eye can use the same configuration as the SLT configuration, except that a narrower width iris disc is used to simulate a dilated pupil for this procedure, and all images and procedures used to set up the device can be the same for different model eye unit embodiments.

[0127] In retinoscopy, the configuration of this anatomically proportioned, fluid-filled ocular device conforms to the parameters of the human eye and thereby allows optical assessment of refractive power (degrees of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism). This can be accomplished by retinoscopy, whereby light from a retinoscope shines into the pupil of a model eye to the back of the model eye, and the reflected light movement through the pupil back to the retinoscope is interpreted by the assessor. A series of ophthalmic trial lenses with various refractive powers can be placed in front of the device to simulate various refractive powers.

[0128] Figures 1A to 30 An example configuration with relative positioning of various components is shown. Note that the example multi-chamber container described is sized to be portable and handheld. Figures 1A to 30 In the example, the elements in the figure are shown as being in direct contact or directly coupled to each other, then at least in one example, such elements can be respectively referred to as being in direct contact or directly coupled. Similarly, the elements shown as being adjacent or adjacent to each other can be respectively adjacent or adjacent to each other in at least one example. For example, the components arranged to be in coplanar contact with each other can be referred to as being in coplanar contact. As another example, in at least one example, the elements spaced apart from each other and having only space between them without other components can be referred to as such. As another example, the elements shown as being above / below each other, at the opposite sides of each other or at the left / right sides of each other can be referred to as such relative to each other. In addition, as shown in the figure, in at least one example, the topmost element or the position of the element can be referred to as the "top" of the component, and the bottommost element or the position of the element can be referred to as the "bottom" of the component. As used herein, top / bottom, upper / lower, above / below can be the vertical axis relative to the figure, and are used to describe the positioning of the elements of the figure relative to each other. Therefore, in one example, the element shown as being above other elements is vertically positioned above other elements. As yet another example, shapes of elements depicted within the drawings may be referred to as having those shapes (e.g., such as being annular, straight, planar, curved, rounded, chamfered, angled, etc.). Additionally, in at least one example, elements shown as intersecting each other may be referred to as intersecting elements or intersecting each other. Still further, in one example, an element shown as being within another element or shown as being outside another element may be referred to as such.

[0129] Note that the example assembly methods included herein can be used with a variety of model eye unit configurations. Likewise, please note that the order of assembly steps is not necessarily required to achieve the features and advantages of the example embodiments described herein, but is provided for ease of illustration and description. One or more of the actions, operations, and / or functions shown may be performed repeatedly, depending on the specific strategy used.

[0130] The present invention will be further described in the following paragraphs. In one aspect, a model eye unit is provided, comprising a lens assembly removably attached to an anterior scleral shell; and an intermediate portion removably coupled to the anterior scleral shell; wherein the intermediate portion is removably and height-adjustably coupled to a posterior scleral portion; and wherein the lens assembly comprises a corneal lens. In one example, the lens assembly may include an iris disc. Furthermore, in one example, the lens assembly may include an intraocular lens. Further, in one example, the lens assembly may include an intraocular lens retaining disc. Still further, in another example, the lens assembly may include a membrane disc. Further, in one example, the iris disc may include a trabecular mesh edge. Further, in one example, the posterior scleral portion may include a syringe opening. Further, in one example, the intermediate portion and the anterior scleral shell may form a watertight interface. Further, in one example, the posterior scleral portion may include a slide tube that cooperates with the posterior portion. Furthermore, in one example, the model eye unit may further include a suction cup detachably coupled to the posterior sclera portion.

[0131] In another aspect, a method is provided that includes, in a first procedure, mounting a model eye unit to a laser device; focusing a laser beam on a first iris disk in a lens assembly of the model eye unit via operation of the laser device; removing the laser-treated iris disk from the model eye unit; and reconfiguring the lens assembly for a second procedure. In one example, reconfiguring the lens assembly may include replacing the laser-treated iris disk with a second iris disk. Further, in one example, the first iris disk includes a sticker having an iris image. In one example, the method may also include adjusting a height of the middle portion relative to the posterior sclera portion in preparation for the second procedure. Further, in one example, adjusting a height of the middle portion relative to the posterior sclera portion may include twisting the middle portion out of the posterior sclera portion.

[0132] In another aspect, a model eye unit is provided, comprising a lens assembly removably attached to an anterior scleral shell via a first set of ridges; and a middle portion removably coupled to the anterior scleral shell via a second set of ridges; wherein the middle portion is removably and height-adjustably coupled to a posterior scleral portion via a threaded interface; and wherein the lens assembly comprises a corneal lens. In one example, the lens assembly may comprise: an iris disc; an intraocular lens; and / or an intraocular lens retaining disc. In another example, the model eye unit may further comprise a removable plug that forms a watertight seal with an opening in the posterior scleral portion. In another example, the model eye unit may further comprise a suction cup removably coupled to the posterior scleral portion, wherein the removable plug is positioned vertically above the suction cup. In yet another example, the threaded interface is a double-sided threaded interface comprising an internal thread and an external thread.

[0133] It will be appreciated that the configurations and routines disclosed herein are exemplary in nature, and that these specific embodiments are not to be considered limiting, as numerous variations are possible.

[0134] Figures 1A to 30 Shown approximately to scale. However, in other embodiments, the components may have alternative relative dimensions.

[0135] As used herein, the term "approximately" is interpreted to mean plus or minus five percent of the range, unless otherwise indicated.

[0136] The appended claims specifically point out certain combinations and sub-combinations that are considered novel and non-obvious. These claims may refer to "an" element or a "first" element or the equivalent thereof. Such claims should be understood to include the incorporation of one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements. Other combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed features, functions, elements, and / or properties may be claimed by amendment of the present claims or by the presentation of new claims in this or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower, equivalent, or different in scope to the original claims, are also deemed to be included in the subject matter of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A model eye unit, comprising: a lens assembly removably attached to the anterior scleral shell; as well as a middle portion removably coupled to the anterior scleral shell; wherein the intermediate portion is detachably and height-adjustably coupled to the posterior scleral portion; and Wherein, the lens component includes a corneal lens.

2. The model eye unit according to claim 1, wherein: The lens assembly includes an iris disk.

3. The model eye unit according to claim 2, wherein: The lens assembly includes an intraocular lens; The lens assembly includes a thin film disk; The iris disc comprises a trabecular meshwork rim; and / or The lens assembly includes an intraocular lens retaining disk.

4. The model eye unit according to claim 1, wherein: The posterior scleral portion includes a syringe opening; The intermediate portion forms a watertight interface with the anterior scleral shell; and / or The posterior scleral portion includes a slide tube that cooperates with the posterior portion.

5. The model eye unit according to claim 1, further comprising: A suction cup is removably coupled to the posterior scleral portion.

6. A method comprising: In the first operation, the model eye unit is mounted to the laser device; focusing a laser beam on a first iris disk in a lens assembly of the model eye unit via operation of the laser device; removing the laser-treated iris disk from the model eye unit; as well as The lens assembly is reconfigured for a second procedure.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: Reconfiguring the lens assembly includes: The laser processed iris disk is replaced with a second iris disk.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first iris disc includes a sticker having an iris image.

9. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: The height of the middle portion relative to the posterior scleral portion is adjusted in preparation for the second procedure.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: Adjusting the height of the intermediate portion relative to the posterior scleral portion comprises: The intermediate portion is rotated out from the posterior scleral portion.

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