Nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with automatic load following function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lead-based stacks, in particular to a nuclear storage integrated lead-based stack with a load autonomous following function. The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with the automatic load following function comprises a reactor core, a phase change energy storage device and a heat energy utilization device, the reactor core is used for heating a coolant; the heat energy utilization device is used for absorbing heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the reactor core, the phase change energy storage device is used for carrying out heat interaction with a coolant, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the reactor core. According to the nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with the automatic load following function, natural circulation flow is not prone to oscillation and diffusion, the risk of overheating melting of the fuel assembly is not prone to occurring, thermal fatigue of the structural assembly is not prone to occurring, and high safety performance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lead-based reactors, and in particular to a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function. Background Art

[0002] Naturally circulating lead-based small-scale lead-based reactors are widely used in special scenarios such as deep space and deserts due to their high safety, easy miniaturization, and strong mobility. Since the demand for external operations is not always at rated power, the lead-based reactor needs to adjust its own power according to the external power demand. At present, there are mainly two power adjustment methods: autonomous load following and passive load following.

[0003] Among them, the power of the lead-based reactor with autonomous load following can automatically change with the change of external load without the need for additional intervention. It relies on the negative effective value-added coefficient keff inside the lead-based reactor to play a role, and then changes the core power by adjusting the flow of natural circulation. However, in the process of autonomous load following, since the short-term temperature change is difficult to match the change of flow, it will cause the divergence of the natural circulation flow, and the transient temperature fluctuation inside the core will also cause the flow to oscillate and diverge. In addition, the response speed of the external load of the steam generator is fast, and it takes a certain amount of time for the core to re-establish natural circulation. Therefore, the response time is slow, which can easily lead to excessive core temperature. The drastic heating and cooling will cause thermal fatigue of the structural components; the core power cannot be reduced in a short time, causing the core to bear this part of the excess heat, which is easy to cause danger. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with an autonomous load following function, so as to alleviate the technical problems of the autonomous load following lead-based reactor in the prior art, such as easy flow divergence, easy thermal fatigue of structural components and high risk.

[0005] The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention comprises a reactor core, a phase change energy storage device and a thermal energy utilization device.

[0006] The core is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the core, and the phase change energy storage device is used to exchange heat with the coolant, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core.

[0007] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a flow distributor is provided at the inlet side of the core.

[0008] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the phase change energy storage device is installed in the flow distributor.

[0009] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a fixed reflective layer and an adjustable reflective layer are provided outside the core.

[0010] The fixed reflective layer is fixedly arranged around the core and has a gap for neutrons to escape; the adjustable reflective layer can shield the gap of the fixed reflective layer, and the adjustable reflective layer can move relative to the fixed reflective layer to adjust the shielding area of ​​the gap of the fixed reflective layer.

[0011] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflective layer can completely cover all gaps of the fixed reflective layer.

[0012] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflective layer can completely open all the gaps of the fixed reflective layer.

[0013] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflective layer is disposed around the core, the adjustable reflective layer has a gap for neutrons to escape, and the adjustable reflective layer can rotate around the core.

[0014] The fixed reflective layer is arranged between the adjustable reflective layer and the core, or the adjustable reflective layer is arranged between the fixed reflective layer and the core.

[0015] Preferably, as an implementation method, the adjustable reflective layer has N rotating arcs for reflecting neutrons, and the N rotating arcs are arranged at intervals around the core; the fixed reflective layer has N fixed arcs for reflecting neutrons, and the N fixed arcs are arranged at intervals around the core; the N fixed arcs and the N rotating arcs are respectively evenly distributed along and around the core, and N is a positive integer.

[0016] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the center angle corresponding to the fixed arc and the center angle corresponding to the rotating arc are both 180° / N; and / or, N=4.

[0017] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a neutron shielding layer surrounding the core is provided on the outside of the core, and the fixed reflective layer and the adjustable reflective layer are both located on the inner side of the neutron shielding layer.

[0018] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the heat energy utilization device includes a steam generator.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The heat generated when the core is working can heat the low-temperature coolant and increase the coolant temperature; when the high-temperature coolant after absorbing heat flows through the heat energy utilization device, it can release heat to the heat energy utilization device, so that the heat energy utilization device can convert the absorbed heat energy into other forms of energy and provide it to the load, or directly provide heat energy to the load to meet the working requirements of the load.

[0020] When the load is running smoothly, the heat released by the high-temperature coolant to the heat energy utilization device remains unchanged, and the low-temperature coolant after heat release is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core. Because the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core, when the low-temperature coolant after heat release flows through the phase change energy storage device, the phase change energy storage device will not have heat exchange with the low-temperature coolant, that is, the phase change energy storage device remains stable, the temperature of the low-temperature coolant will basically not change, and the core inlet temperature Tin will not change accordingly. When the load changes, the outlet temperature Tout of the heat energy utilization device will first respond and fluctuate, and the low-temperature coolant will pass through the phase change energy storage device before entering the core. Because the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the inlet temperature of the core, the low-temperature coolant with temperature fluctuations will interact with the phase change energy storage device, so that the temperature of the low-temperature coolant flowing through the phase change energy storage device can be kept consistent with the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device to maintain the constant core inlet temperature Tin; when the external load continues to change, the phase change energy storage device will continue to compensate for the changes caused by the external load until it stabilizes; after the phase change energy storage device stabilizes, it will gradually keep consistent with the outlet temperature of the heat energy utilization device. At this time, the core inlet temperature Tin gradually changes, the core temperature changes accordingly, the negative effective value-added coefficient keff comes into play, and then the core power gradually changes, and the natural cycle is re-established.

[0021] Therefore, the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention can buffer thermal changes through the phase change energy storage device, so that the temperature changes slowly, which can reduce the influence of instantaneous temperature changes on the balance of flow and thermal changes, and achieve a self-stabilizing effect. Therefore, the natural circulation flow is not easy to oscillate and diverge, and the structural components are not easy to suffer from thermal fatigue. In addition, the phase change energy storage device can realize energy interaction, greatly reduce the temperature fluctuation of the core, and offset the temperature accumulation of the core. The response time of the core no longer affects safety, which can enhance the safety performance of the lead-based reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A stability comparison diagram of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention and the lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function in the prior art when the high load is reduced; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the changes of the core inlet and outlet temperatures and the natural circulation flow rate of the lead-based reactor with autonomous load following in the prior art when the high load decreases; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of changes in core inlet and outlet temperatures and natural circulation flow rate of a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with an autonomous load following function provided by the present invention when the high load decreases; Figure 5 A stability comparison diagram of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention and the lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function in the prior art when low load is rising; Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the main structure of the nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the first state; Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the main structure of the nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the second state; Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of the main structure of the nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the third state.

[0024] Description of reference numerals: 100-core; 200-Phase change energy storage device; 300- Heat energy utilization device; 400-Fixed reflective layer; 500-Adjustable reflective layer; 600-Neutron shielding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific implementation examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 The present embodiment provides a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function, which includes a core 100, a phase change energy storage device 200 and a heat energy utilization device 300; the core 100 is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device 300 is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device 200 is arranged at the inlet side of the core 100, and the phase change energy storage device 200 is used to exchange heat with the coolant, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core 100.

[0028] The heat generated when the core 100 is working can heat the low-temperature coolant and increase the temperature of the coolant; when the high-temperature coolant after absorbing heat flows through the heat energy utilization device 300, it can release heat to the heat energy utilization device 300, so that the heat energy utilization device 300 can convert the absorbed heat energy into other forms of energy and provide it to the load, or directly provide heat energy to the load to meet the working requirements of the load.

[0029] When the load is running smoothly, the heat released by the high-temperature coolant to the heat energy utilization device 300 remains unchanged, and the low-temperature coolant after heat release is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core 100. Because the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core 100, when the low-temperature coolant after heat release flows through the phase change energy storage device 200, the phase change energy storage device 200 will not have heat interaction with the low-temperature coolant, that is, the phase change energy storage device 200 maintains a stable state, the temperature of the low-temperature coolant basically does not change, and the core inlet temperature Tin will not change accordingly. When the load changes, the outlet temperature Tout of the heat energy utilization device 300 will first respond and fluctuate, and the low-temperature coolant will pass through the phase change energy storage device 200 before entering the core 100. Since the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is consistent with the inlet temperature of the core 100, the low-temperature coolant with temperature fluctuations will interact with the phase change energy storage device 200, so that the temperature of the low-temperature coolant flowing through the phase change energy storage device 200 can be kept consistent with the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 to maintain the constancy of the core inlet temperature Tin; when the external load continues to change, the phase change energy storage device 200 will continue to compensate for the changes caused by the external load until it stabilizes; after the phase change energy storage device 200 stabilizes, it will gradually keep consistent with the outlet temperature of the heat energy utilization device 300. At this time, the core inlet temperature Tin gradually changes, and the temperature of the core 100 changes accordingly, the negative effective value-added coefficient keff takes effect, and then the core power gradually changes, and the natural cycle is re-established.

[0030] Therefore, the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided in this embodiment can buffer the thermal changes through the phase change energy storage device 200, so that the temperature changes slowly, which can reduce the influence of instantaneous temperature changes on the balance of flow and thermal changes, and play a self-stabilizing effect. Therefore, the natural circulation flow is not easy to oscillate and diverge, and the structural components are not easy to suffer from thermal fatigue; in addition, the phase change energy storage device 200 can realize energy interaction, greatly reduce the temperature fluctuation of the core, and offset the temperature accumulation of the core 100. The response time of the core 100 no longer affects safety, which can enhance the safety performance of the lead-based reactor.

[0031] Specifically, see Figure 2-Figure 4 When the external load reduces power, the heat transfer capacity of the heat energy utilization device 300 decreases rapidly. Due to the presence of the phase change energy storage device 200, the excess heat of the superheated fluid at the outlet of the heat energy utilization device 300 will be absorbed by the phase change energy storage device 200, thereby maintaining the constant core inlet temperature Tin. In other words, the insufficient cooling capacity of the heat energy utilization device 300 for the coolant caused by the external load power reduction is compensated by the phase change energy storage device 200, and the core 100 still operates at full power. The excess power is absorbed by the phase change energy storage device 200, so the load following and response time of the core 100 will not affect the safety of the core 100. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is gradually saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin rises slowly. Since the core inlet temperature Tin changes slowly, the core outlet temperature Tout has enough response time to increase the temperature, so the natural circulation flow rate will gradually decrease. Since the process changes slowly, the core 100 will not have the problem of overheating. Under the action of the negative effective value-added coefficient keff, the reactivity of the core 100 gradually decreases. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is fully saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin is consistent with the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device 300, and a new balance is reached.

[0032] Accordingly, see Figure 5When the external load increases in power, the heat transfer capacity of the heat energy utilization device 300 increases rapidly. Due to the presence of the phase change energy storage device 200, the supercooled fluid at the outlet of the heat energy utilization device 300 absorbs heat from the phase change energy storage device 200, and the core inlet temperature Tin can also be kept constant. In other words, the excessive cooling capacity of the heat energy utilization device 300 for the coolant caused by the increase in the external load power is compensated by the phase change energy storage device 200, and the core 100 still operates at the original power. The insufficient power is supplemented by the phase change energy storage device 200, so the load following and response time of the core 100 will not affect the safety of the core 100. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is gradually saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin slowly decreases. Since the core inlet temperature Tin changes slowly, the core outlet temperature Tout has enough response time to increase the temperature, so the natural circulation flow rate will gradually increase. Since the process changes slowly, the flow rate of the core 100 is not easy to oscillate. Under the action of the negative effective increment coefficient keff, the reactivity of the core 100 gradually increases. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is fully saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin is consistent with the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device 300, and a new balance is reached.

[0033] A flow distributor may be provided at the inlet side of the core 100 to achieve a rectifying effect by utilizing the flow distributor.

[0034] Preferably, see Figure 1 The phase change energy storage device 200 can be installed in the flow distributor to form a phase change energy storage and flow distribution combined structure to achieve synchronous rectification and temperature control. It is only necessary to design the internal structure of the flow distributor so that the phase change energy storage device 200 can be installed. There is no need to change the overall shape and size of the flow distributor. Therefore, there is no need to adjust other structures, which is conducive to simplifying the structural design.

[0035] In addition, see Figure 6-Figure 8A fixed reflective layer 400 and an adjustable reflective layer 500 may be arranged outside the core 100. The fixed reflective layer 400 is fixedly arranged around the core 100, and a gap for neutron escape is arranged on the fixed reflective layer 400. At the same time, the adjustable reflective layer 500 is arranged to be able to shield the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400, and the adjustable reflective layer 500 is arranged to be able to move relative to the fixed reflective layer 400, so that the adjustable reflective layer 500 can adjust the shielding area of ​​the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400, thereby realizing the adjustment of the effective increment coefficient keff of the core 100, and the subcriticality (1-keff) adjustment range is relatively wide. When the reactivity of the core 100 fluctuates, the reactivity of the core 100 can be better adjusted. It should be noted that since the adjustable reflective layer 500 is arranged outside the core 100, the adjustable reflective layer 500 will not be affected by factors such as the large buoyancy inside the core 100 and the deformation of the mechanical channel when it moves. The adjustable reflective layer 500 can be smoothly adjusted, and then the subcriticality of the core 100 can be smoothly controlled, which improves safety.

[0036] During normal operation, just adjust keff to 1.

[0037] Preferably, the adjustable reflective layer 500 is configured to completely cover all gaps in the fixed reflective layer 400. In this way, the adjustable reflective layer 500 and the fixed reflective layer 400 can completely wrap the core 100, so that the neutrons leaked from the core 100 are fully reflected, thereby achieving the maximum effective multiplication coefficient keff, at which time keff>1.

[0038] Furthermore, the adjustable reflective layer 500 is configured to completely open all the gaps of the fixed reflective layer 400 to give full play to the functions of the gaps set in the fixed reflective layer 400. At this time, keff≤1.

[0039] Specifically, the adjustable reflective layer 500 is arranged around the core 100, a notch for neutron escape is arranged on the adjustable reflective layer 500, and the adjustable reflective layer 500 is arranged to be able to rotate around the core 100, which makes the operation easier; on this basis, the fixed reflective layer 400 can be selected to be arranged between the adjustable reflective layer 500 and the core 100, or the adjustable reflective layer 500 can be selected to be arranged between the fixed reflective layer 400 and the core 100, so that when the adjustable reflective layer 500 rotates around the core 100, it will not interfere with the fixed reflective layer 400, so that when it is necessary to adjust the effective increment coefficient keff of the lead-based reactor, the adjustable reflective layer 500 can be smoothly rotated to adjust the area blocked by the notch of the fixed reflective layer 400.

[0040] In the specific structure of the adjustable reflector 500, N rotating arcs can be set, and the N rotating arcs are arranged at intervals around the core 100, so that there will be a gap between two adjacent rotating arcs; in the specific structure of the fixed reflector 400, N fixed arcs are also set, and the N fixed arcs are arranged at intervals around the core 100, so that there will be a gap between two adjacent fixed arcs. When the rotating arcs are opposite to the gap of the fixed reflector 400, the gap of the fixed reflector 400 will be blocked, and the part of the gap of the fixed reflector 400 that is opposite to the gap of the adjustable reflector 500 is in an open state, and neutrons can diffuse and escape from the open part. The N fixed arcs and the N rotating arcs are evenly distributed along the core 100, respectively, so that the open part of the reflector can be evenly distributed around the core 100, and the effect is better. Wherein, N is a positive integer.

[0041] Preferably, the center angle of the fixed arc body and the center angle of the rotating arc body can be set to be consistent, so that the distribution uniformity of the diffused and escaped neutrons can be further improved, and the effect is better.

[0042] Preferably, the center angle of the fixed arc and the center angle of the rotating arc can be set to 180° / N. In this way, the overlapping area of ​​the fixed arc and the rotating arc can be adjusted by controlling the movement of the adjustable reflective layer 500. Figure 6 When the adjustable reflective layer 500 completely blocks the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400, the core 100 can be completely wrapped, and the effective value-added coefficient keff>1; see Figure 7 When each rotating arc partially overlaps with each fixed arc, the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400 can be partially opened, and the smaller the overlapping area of ​​the rotating arc and the fixed arc, the greater the subcriticality (1-keff), the smaller the effective multiplication coefficient keff, and the weaker the chain nuclear reaction of the core 100. Figure 8 In extreme cases, each rotating arc is adjusted to completely overlap with each fixed arc, and the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400 can be completely opened, so that the shielding area of ​​the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400 by the adjustable reflective layer 500 is minimized. At this time, the effective increment coefficient keff is minimized, keff < 1, and a rapid and safe shutdown is achieved to avoid melting of the core 100; see Figure 7 During normal operation, the adjustable reflective layer 500 can be controlled to move so that half of the area of ​​the rotating arc overlaps with the fixed arc. At this time, keff=1.

[0043] Specifically, N can be set to 4. Figure 6, each rotating arc can be completely staggered with each fixed arc, and the state when the adjustable reflective layer 500 completely covers the gap of the fixed reflective layer 400 is taken as the initial state. At this time, the core 100 can be completely wrapped, the reactivity of the core 100 is the largest, and the core effective increment coefficient keff>1; see Figure 8 When the adjustable reflector 500 is controlled to rotate 45°, each rotating arc completely overlaps with each fixed arc, and the gap of the fixed reflector 400 can be completely opened. At this time, the effective value-added coefficient keff is the smallest, keff<1, and a rapid and safe shutdown is achieved.

[0044] See also Figure 6-Figure 8 A neutron shielding layer 600 surrounding the core 100 may be arranged outside the core 100, and the fixed reflective layer 400 and the adjustable reflective layer 500 are both arranged on the inner side of the neutron shielding layer 600, that is, the neutron shielding layer 600 is arranged at the outermost layer. The neutron shielding layer 600 can prevent the diffusion of radioactive particles and improve safety.

[0045] As an alternative, the subcriticality of the core 100 may be adjusted by controlling the diffusion and reflection of neutrons through other external devices.

[0046] Specifically, a steam generator may be used as the heat energy utilization device 300 . Of course, other devices capable of absorbing and utilizing heat may also be selected as the heat energy utilization device 300 .

[0047] Phase change heat Q of the phase change energy storage device 200 p It can be expressed as: Q p =h*m pcm ; where h is the phase change enthalpy, m pcm is the total energy of the phase change energy storage device 200.

[0048] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with an autonomous load following function, which overcomes many technical defects of traditional autonomous load following lead-based reactors, such as: easy divergence of flow, easy occurrence of thermal fatigue in structural components, and high risk. The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with an autonomous load following function provided by the embodiment of the present invention forms a buffer for thermal changes through the phase change energy storage device 200, so that the temperature changes slowly, which can reduce the influence of instantaneous temperature changes on the balance of flow and thermal changes, and realize the self-stabilization of natural circulation disturbances, so that the natural circulation flow is not easy to oscillate and diverge, and the structural components are not easy to thermally fatigue; in addition, the phase change energy storage device 200 can realize energy interaction, greatly reduce the temperature fluctuation of the core 100, and offset the temperature accumulation of the core 100. The response time of the core 100 no longer affects safety, which can enhance the safety performance of the lead-based reactor.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "installation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function, characterized in that: It includes a reactor core, a phase change energy storage device and a thermal energy utilization device; The core is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the core, and the phase change energy storage device is used to exchange heat with the coolant, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core.

2. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A flow distributor is provided at the inlet side of the core.

3. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The phase change energy storage device is installed in the flow distributor.

4. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A fixed reflective layer and an adjustable reflective layer are provided outside the core; The fixed reflective layer is fixedly arranged around the core and has a gap for neutron escape; the adjustable reflective layer can shield the gap of the fixed reflective layer, and the adjustable reflective layer can move relative to the fixed reflective layer to adjust the shielding area of ​​the gap of the fixed reflective layer.

5. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The adjustable reflective layer can completely cover all gaps in the fixed reflective layer.

6. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The adjustable reflective layer can completely open all the gaps of the fixed reflective layer.

7. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The adjustable reflective layer is arranged around the core, the adjustable reflective layer has a gap for neutrons to escape, and the adjustable reflective layer can rotate around the core; The fixed reflective layer is arranged between the adjustable reflective layer and the core, or the adjustable reflective layer is arranged between the fixed reflective layer and the core.

8. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The adjustable reflective layer has N rotating arcs for reflecting neutrons, and the N rotating arcs are arranged at intervals around the core; the fixed reflective layer has N fixed arcs for reflecting neutrons, and the N fixed arcs are arranged at intervals around the core; The N fixed arc bodies and the N rotating arc bodies are evenly distributed along and around the core, and N is a positive integer.

9. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The center angle of the fixed arc and the center angle of the rotating arc are both 180° / N; And / or, N=4.

10. The integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function for nuclear storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A neutron shielding layer surrounding the core is arranged outside the core, and the fixed reflection layer and the adjustable reflection layer are both located inside the neutron shielding layer.

11. The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The heat energy utilization device includes a steam generator.

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