Method and device for efficiently assisting pollination of greenhouse climbing watermelons by osmia

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and discloses a method and a device for efficiently assisting pollination of watermelons climbing on the ground in a greenhouse by osmia, the method comprises the following steps: placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks in the greenhouse, and injecting water into the water storage tanks; the front end and the rear end of the greenhouse are closed through sealing nets; when first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse bloom, a plurality of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons are placed in a beehive at dusk, and the female bee cocoons and the drone bee cocoons are judged according to the preset bee cocoon size; releasing osmia in the beehive for pollination at dusk of the fourth day after first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse bloom; according to the method, it can be guaranteed that the number of female bees is sufficient and effective in the whole pollination period, a good pollination environment can be provided for the female bees, the pollination effect is finally guaranteed, and the method is suitable for large-area application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a method and a device for pollinating greenhouse creeping watermelons assisted by efficient wall bees. Background Art

[0002] The starting temperature for wall bees to visit flowers is lower and they visit flowers faster. Compared with bumblebees, wall bees are more resistant to low temperatures and visit flowers faster. Wall bees are easy to manage, do not require feeding, are low-cost, and are natural and environmentally friendly. They conform to the agricultural production concept of efficiency, economy, and environmental protection, and have good application prospects in the field of watermelon facility cultivation and pollination.

[0003] However, the existing technology of applying wall bees to pollination in watermelon greenhouse cultivation has problems such as unknown ratio of female to male bees, poor control of wall bee pollination period, large temperature difference between day and night in the greenhouse, resulting in the death of wall bees and seriously affecting the pollination effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for pollinating creeping watermelons in greenhouses with ventilation at both ends, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme: The present invention provides a method for pollinating greenhouse creeping watermelons with the assistance of efficient wall bees, comprising:

[0006] Placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks in the greenhouse, and injecting water into the water storage tanks;

[0007] The front and rear ends of the greenhouse are closed with a sealing net;

[0008] When the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse are in full bloom, a number of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons are placed in the beehive in the evening, wherein the female bee cocoons and the drone bee cocoons are determined according to preset cocoon sizes;

[0009] On the evening of the fourth day after the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse bloom, releasing the Osmia bees in the beehives for pollination;

[0010] After the pollination of the wall bees is completed, both ends of the greenhouse are opened and the beehives are moved out of the greenhouse.

[0011] Optionally, before placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks in the greenhouse, the method further comprises:

[0012] Two days before the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse develop, an insecticide is sprayed in the greenhouse.

[0013] Optionally, the method of using a sealing net to close the front and rear ends of the greenhouse includes:

[0014] The upper part of the gauze is attached to the film at the upper part of the roof of the greenhouse by means of sealing tape;

[0015] The lower part of the gauze is compacted by a sealing belt.

[0016] Optionally, the step of using a sealing net to close the front and rear ends of the greenhouse further comprises:

[0017] When there are holes on the film, the sealing tape is used to seal the holes from inside the greenhouse.

[0018] Optionally, the determination of the sizes of the female bee cocoons and the drone bee cocoons according to preset cocoon sizes includes:

[0019] The size of the female bee cocoon is greater than 12 mm in length and greater than 7 mm in thickness;

[0020] The drone cocoon has a length of less than 11 mm and a thickness of less than 6 mm.

[0021] Optionally, placing a number of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons in the beehive includes:

[0022] The quantity ratio of the female bee cocoons to the drone bee cocoons is:.

[0023] Optionally, when the wall bee is in the pollination period, vine trimming and forking can be carried out in the afternoon, ventilation can be carried out during the day, and sealing can be maintained at night.

[0024] Optionally, the method further comprises adding spare mated Osmotherms to the greenhouse when the number of the Osmotherms decreases during the pollination period.

[0025] The present invention also provides a device for pollination of greenhouse creeping watermelons assisted by high-efficiency wall bees, comprising:

[0026] A beehive is provided with a beehive opening, wherein a plurality of nest tubes are arranged in the beehive through a pad;

[0027] A water storage tank is arranged in the beehive, and a water baffle is arranged on the top of the water storage tank;

[0028] A mud box is arranged on the beehive. A plurality of water-absorbing cotton threads are arranged on the mud box. The water-absorbing cotton threads extend into the water storage tank.

[0029] Optionally, a sealing net is also included, and the sealing net includes:

[0030] Gauze;

[0031] Sealing tape, used for attaching the gauze part to the film on the upper part of the shed head of the shed;

[0032] A sealing belt, used for compacting the lower part of the gauze;

[0033] A zipper is arranged on the gauze net.

[0034] The invention discloses the following technical effects: by judging female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons according to the sizes of cocoons, the number of female wall bees is made more accurate, ensuring that each greenhouse has enough female wall bees for pollination; by placing a beehive with a water storage tank in the greenhouse, the temperature in the beehive is lower than the temperature in the greenhouse at noon and higher than the temperature in the greenhouse at night, providing a better egg-laying and resting environment for the wall bees, and improving the pollination efficiency; by reasonably controlling the time when the wall bees are released from the beehive, two to three days after the wall bees break out of the cocoon, most of the wall bees complete mating, and the female bees have a strong desire to collect pollen and make pollen balls for laying eggs; three days later, when the female flowers of the female flowers of the watermelon to be pollinated are open, the honeycomb mouth of the beehive is opened, so that the pollination effect of the wall bees is guaranteed, and the earlier flowers will not be pollinated, thereby achieving the goal of ensuring a sufficient and effective number of female bees in the entire pollination period and providing a good pollination environment for the female bees, ultimately ensuring the pollination effect, and being suitable for large-scale promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 is a side sectional view of a beehive of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a front view of the beehive of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing net located at the front end of the greenhouse according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing net at the rear end of the greenhouse according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 Data statistics of the temperature in the greenhouse being higher than 35°C during the pollination period of the Osmia bee of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 The data are as follows: the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 20° C. during the pollination period of the wall bee of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1. nest tube; 2. pad; 3. mud box; 4. absorbent cotton thread; 5. water-blocking board; 6. water storage tank; 7. zipper; 8. sealing tape; 9. sealing tape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 The present invention provides a method for pollinating greenhouse creeping watermelons with the assistance of an efficient wall bee, comprising:

[0046] Place a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks 6 in the greenhouse, and inject water into the water storage tanks 6;

[0047] Use sealing nets to close the front and back ends of the greenhouse;

[0048] When the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse are in full bloom, in the evening, a number of female bee cocoons and drone cocoons are placed in the beehive, and the hive opening of the beehive is sealed with a gauze net, wherein the female bee cocoons and the drone cocoons are determined according to the preset cocoon sizes, and the hive opening of the beehive is blocked by the gauze net. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are 300 female bee cocoons and 200 drone cocoons;

[0049] On the evening of the fourth day after the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse bloomed, the screen at the entrance of the hive was removed to release the wall bees in the hive for pollination;

[0050] After the wall bees have finished pollinating, open both ends of the greenhouse and move the beehives out of the greenhouse. Specifically, first remove the front and rear sealing nets, move the beehives out of the greenhouse, and then spray pesticides to prevent and control pests and diseases. 3-5 days after pollination, vines should be straightened and fruits should be thinned out, and finally one watermelon should be left on each plant.

[0051] By judging the female bee cocoons and the male bee cocoons according to the size of the cocoons, the number of female wall bees can be made more accurate, ensuring that each greenhouse has enough female wall bees for pollination. By placing a beehive with a water storage tank 6 in the greenhouse, the temperature in the beehive is lower than the temperature in the greenhouse at noon and higher than the temperature in the greenhouse at night, providing a better egg-laying and resting environment for the wall bees, and improving the pollination efficiency. By reasonably controlling the time when the wall bees are released from the beehive, most of the wall bees have completed mating two to three days after the wall bees break out of the cocoon. In order to collect pollen and make pollen balls for laying eggs, the female bees have a strong desire to collect pollen and honey. After 3 days, when the female flowers of the watermelon that need to be pollinated are open, the honeycomb mouth of the beehive is opened, which not only ensures the pollination effect of the wall bees, but also prevents pollination of earlier flowers, thereby ensuring that a sufficient and effective number of female bees can be ensured throughout the pollination period and providing a good pollination environment for the female bees, ultimately ensuring the pollination effect, and being suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0052] Furthermore, two beehives are prepared in a 40-meter greenhouse and placed 10 meters away from the two sides of the greenhouse.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, before placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks 6 in the greenhouse, the method further comprises:

[0054] Two days before the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse develop, pest control pesticides are sprayed in the greenhouse.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of closing the front and rear ends of the greenhouse with a sealing net includes:

[0056] The upper part of the gauze is attached to the film on the upper part of the shed head by means of sealing tape 8;

[0057] The lower part of the gauze is compacted by the sealing belt 9.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, using a sealing net to close the front and rear ends of the greenhouse also includes:

[0059] When there are holes on the film, the holes are sealed from the inside of the greenhouse using a sealing tape 8.

[0060] Since most of the watermelons cultivated on a large scale are simple structure greenhouses with a width of about 6 meters, it is not easy to block the vents with a net, and holes are likely to appear in the blocked openings. Osmotic bees with larger holes are easy to escape from the greenhouse, and osmotic bees with smaller holes are easy to be trapped in the middle and die. By sealing the sealing net at the front and rear ends of the greenhouse with the sealing tape 8 and the sealing tape 9, zero escape and zero jamming of the osmotic bees can be achieved, and the greenhouse can be formed into a closed space for the activities of the osmotic bees.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the determination of the size of the female bee cocoons and the drone bee cocoons according to the preset cocoon sizes includes:

[0062] The size of the female bee cocoon is greater than 12 mm in length and greater than 7 mm in thickness;

[0063] The drone cocoon size is less than 11 mm in length and less than 6 mm in thickness.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, placing a number of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons in a beehive comprises:

[0065] The ratio of female bee cocoons to drone bee cocoons is 3:2.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the wall bees are in the pollination period, the vines can be trimmed and forked in the afternoon, ventilation can be carried out during the day, and the greenhouse is kept sealed at night, so that the humidity in the greenhouse can be easily controlled at about 60% and the temperature can be controlled at 20-25°C.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the number of the mash bees decreases during the pollination period, spare mash bees that have completed mating are added into the greenhouse.

[0068] Furthermore, after the mash bee emerges from its cocoon, it stays in the beehive for three days, and a large amount of mash bee odors such as excrement remain in the beehive, which greatly increases the mash bee's homing rate.

[0069] The present invention also provides a device for pollination of greenhouse creeping watermelons assisted by high-efficiency wall bees, comprising:

[0070] A beehive is provided with a beehive opening, and a plurality of nest tubes 1 are arranged in the beehive through a pad 2;

[0071] A water storage tank 6 is arranged in the beehive, a water baffle 5 is arranged on the top of the water storage tank 6, and a water injection hole and a plurality of circular outlets are arranged on the water baffle 5; the water baffle 5 divides the lower space of the beehive into the water storage tank 6 and the resting room;

[0072] The mud box 3 is arranged on the beehive. A plurality of water-absorbing cotton threads 4 are arranged on the mud box 3 . The water-absorbing cotton threads 4 extend into the water storage tank 6 .

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing net is also included, and the sealing net includes:

[0074] Gauze;

[0075] Sealing tape 8 is used to attach the upper part of the gauze to the film on the upper part of the greenhouse roof, with the adhesive side of the sealing tape 8 facing outside the greenhouse;

[0076] The sealing belt 9 is used to compact the lower part of the gauze, and the sealing belt 9 is a downward extension of the gauze body and is compacted with soil;

[0077] The zipper 7 is arranged on the gauze net. Specifically, the zipper 7 is arranged on the gauze net located at the front end of the greenhouse.

[0078] Furthermore, as shown in Table 1, the sealing net provided by the present invention is compared with the traditional sealing net, wherein the upper part of the traditional sealing net is clamped on the steel pipe of the greenhouse head through a buckle.

[0079]

[0080] Table 1

[0081] Furthermore, as shown in Table 2, the cocoons of Osmia cocoons are divided into female cocoons and male cocoons according to their appearance characteristics. The data of the early investigation on the cocoons are as follows:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Table 2

[0085] Further, as shown in Table 3, according to the results in Table 2, it is found that the probability of female bees is higher in larger cocoons of Osmanthus fragrans, and the probability of male bees is higher in smaller cocoons of Osmanthus fragrans. According to the above statistical results, 5 larger cocoons, 5 smaller cocoons, and 5 random cocoons were collected, each with 50 bees, and the number of male and female bees was counted. The results are as follows:

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Table 3

[0089] Therefore, although the method of distinguishing between male and female bees based on the size of their cocoons is not 100% correct, it can ensure that each greenhouse releases an expected number of female bee pollen.

[0090] Furthermore, in order to meet the characteristics of high temperature at noon and low temperature at night in the early spring watermelon greenhouse, a large amount of water is provided in the water storage tank 6 to make the temperature of the beehive lower than the greenhouse temperature at noon and higher than the greenhouse temperature at night. In order to verify the effect of the beehive, temperature detectors are set in different parts of the watermelon pollination shed and the beehive, and the temperature is recorded every 15 minutes, with a total of 10 days of data from the start to the end of pollination. By analyzing the average temperature and the highest (lowest) temperature of the greenhouse temperature, the hive tube temperature, and the activity room temperature when the temperature in the greenhouse is less than 20°C and the temperature in the greenhouse is greater than 35°C, it is found (such as Figure 5-6As shown): When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 35℃, the average temperature reaches 37℃, while the average temperatures of the activity room and nest tube 1 in the beehive are lower than 35℃, which are 32.3℃ and 34.7℃ respectively; when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 20℃, the average temperature is 14.7℃, while the average temperatures of the activity room and nest tube 1 in the beehive are 17.7℃ and 16.2℃ respectively; the highest temperatures in the greenhouse, the activity room and nest tube 1 in the beehive are 40.5℃, 37.1℃ and 36.6 respectively, and the lowest temperatures are 8.7℃, 12.2℃ and 9.5℃ respectively. The results show that the beehive can achieve good effects of cooling down during the day and keeping warm at night.

[0091] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0092] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for pollinating greenhouse creeping watermelons assisted by efficient wall bees, characterized in that: include: Placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks (6) in the greenhouse, and injecting water into the water storage tanks (6); The front and rear ends of the greenhouse are closed with a sealing net; When the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse are in full bloom, a number of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons are placed in the beehive in the evening, wherein the female bee cocoons and the drone bee cocoons are determined according to preset cocoon sizes; On the evening of the fourth day after the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse bloom, releasing the Osmia bees in the beehives for pollination; After the pollination of the wall bees is completed, both ends of the greenhouse are opened and the beehives are moved out of the greenhouse.

2. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before placing a plurality of beehives with water storage tanks (6) in the greenhouse, the method further comprises: Two days before the first female flowers of most watermelons in the greenhouse develop, an insecticide is sprayed in the greenhouse.

3. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using a sealing net to close the front and rear ends of the greenhouse includes: The upper part of the gauze is attached to the film at the upper part of the roof of the greenhouse by means of a sealing tape (8); The lower part of the gauze is compacted by a sealing belt (9).

4. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons in greenhouses assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of using a sealing net to close the front and rear ends of the greenhouse also includes: When there are holes on the film, the sealing tape (8) is used to seal the holes from inside the greenhouse.

5. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons in greenhouses assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determination of the female bee cocoon and the drone bee cocoon according to the preset cocoon size includes: The size of the female bee cocoon is greater than 12 mm in length and greater than 7 mm in thickness; The drone cocoon has a length of less than 11 mm and a thickness of less than 6 mm.

6. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons in greenhouses assisted by efficient Osmia bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of placing a number of female bee cocoons and drone bee cocoons in the beehive comprises: The quantity ratio of the female bee cocoons to the drone bee cocoons is 3:

2.

7. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons in greenhouses assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes that when the wall bee is in the pollination period, vine trimming and forking can be carried out in the afternoon, ventilation can be carried out during the day, and the house is kept sealed at night.

8. The method for pollination of creeping watermelons in greenhouses assisted by efficient Osmia bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises replenishing spare mating-completed mash bees into the greenhouse when the number of mash bees decreases during the pollination period of the mash bees.

9. A device for pollinating creeping watermelons assisted by high-efficiency wall bees, applied to a method for pollinating creeping watermelons assisted by high-efficiency wall bees as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: A beehive is provided with a beehive opening, wherein a plurality of beehive tubes (1) are arranged in the beehive via a pad (2); A water storage tank (6) is arranged in the beehive, and a water baffle (5) is arranged on the top of the water storage tank (6); A mud box (3) is arranged on the beehive. A plurality of water-absorbing cotton threads (4) are arranged on the mud box (3). The water-absorbing cotton threads (4) extend into the water storage tank (6).

10. The device for pollination of creeping watermelons assisted by high-efficiency wall bees according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes a sealing net, the sealing net includes: Gauze; Sealing tape (8), used for attaching the upper part of the gauze to the film at the upper part of the roof of the greenhouse; A sealing belt (9) for compacting the lower part of the gauze; A zipper (7) is arranged on the gauze net.

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