Fruit fly attractant as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fruit fly attractant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fruit fly attractant is a yeast-based efficient attractant and is a viscous liquid containing a natural cyclic sesquiterpene compound beta-caryophyllene and a boric acid preservative. Optionally, ammonium acetate and a series of aliphatic esters as fruit volatiles can be added to further enhance the attraction effect of the attractant. The trapping system is mainly used for attracting female fruit flies, the attractants and water are used in a specific trap in a combined mode to jointly form an efficient fruit fly monitoring and large-scale trapping system, and an effective means is provided for monitoring, preventing and controlling the fruit flies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural pest control, and in particular to a fruit fly attractant and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fruit flies are important pests of fruit trees and cucurbits in many parts of the world. The eggs are injected into the flesh of the fruit and the larvae feed inside the fruit. These stages of the life cycle are not susceptible to insecticides applied to the surface of the fruit. Systemic insecticides that penetrate into the flesh are no longer considered acceptable insecticides for edible fruits. Therefore, adults are a practical target stage for controlling fruit flies. Three strategies for controlling adults are: 1) Multiple coverage sprays with residual contact insecticides. The disadvantages are high pollution, expensive and labor intensive. 2) Multiple applications of insecticide bait sprays. This spray is less polluting, but it is short-lived, labor intensive, and has losses on rainy days. 3) Mass trapping using long-lasting attractants and killers. These systems can also be used for monitoring. In addition, many types of traps and bait solutions have been used for monitoring and mass trapping of fruit flies. Traps can be simple plastic water or soft drink bottles with holes to allow fruit flies to enter, or they can be a variety of molded plastic traps that usually have an entry hole in the bottom, or a downward-facing funnel and a lid to restrict rainwater. The overall effectiveness of the trap system depends largely on the design of the trap and the attractant. While most systems attract fruit flies, they are effective for monitoring but not adequate for large-scale trapping and control. If a water-based attractant is used or the insecticide is added to the attractant solution or the interior trap wall, the kill agent may only act as a drowning agent. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to provide a fruit fly attractant and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0004] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a fruit fly attractant, which is a viscous liquid and includes the following ingredients in weight percentage: 15%-30% dry yeast, 15%-30% boric acid and 1%-2% β-caryophyllene, and the rest is water, and the total weight percentage is 100%.

[0005] Furthermore, the attractant also includes 5%-10% of ammonium acetate.

[0006] Furthermore, the attractant also includes 1%-2% of aliphatic ester.

[0007] Preferably, the aliphatic ester may be selected from at least one or more of butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and the like.

[0008] Furthermore, the attractant also includes 0.1%-0.2% of a nonionic wetting agent.

[0009] The nonionic wetting agent includes, but is not limited to, polysorbate 20 and / or polysorbate 80.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the attractant, comprising the following steps:

[0011] (1) Mixing dry yeast, boric acid, ammonium acetate and water to obtain a powder liquid;

[0012] (2) β-caryophyllene, fatty ester and nonionic wetting agent are mixed and emulsified uniformly, and then mixed with the powder liquid of (1) to obtain a viscous liquid, which is the attractant. Then, the process is carried out in sequence of bottling, sealing, labeling, printing date, inspection and finally packing.

[0013] The preparation process of attractant is shown in Figure 1 .

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides use of the attractant in monitoring and trapping fruit flies.

[0015] The specific method of use is: a mixture of 5-25 grams of the attractant and 1 liter of water is used as a solution for attracting and killing fruit flies in a trap. This is both an attractant and a killing agent (the liquid directly drowns the insects).

[0016] The fruit flies include but are not limited to Bactrocera dasyphylla, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera citrifolia and Bactrocera guava. Female fruit flies are preferred.

[0017] By means of the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a highly efficient yeast-based attractant, comprising a viscous liquid composed of a natural cyclic sesquiterpene compound β-caryophyllene and a boric acid preservative. Optionally, ammonium acetate and a series of aliphatic esters as fruit volatiles can be added to further enhance the attractant effect. The trapping system mainly attracts female fruit flies. These attractants are used in combination with water in a specific trap to form an efficient fruit fly monitoring and large-scale trapping system, providing an effective means for monitoring and controlling fruit flies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a process flow chart of the preparation of the fruit fly attractant, wherein the powder raw materials include: yeast, boric acid, ammonium acetate; the liquid flavor includes: β-caryophyllene, fatty ester; the emulsifier includes a nonionic wetting agent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides an attractant for adult fruit flies, which is a viscous liquid, which is prepared by mixing 15%-30% by weight of dry yeast, 15%-30% by weight of boric acid and at least 1%-2% by weight of beta-caryophyllene, and the rest being water, with a total weight percentage of 100%.

[0021] Furthermore, 5%-10% of ammonium acetate can be added to the attractant paste.

[0022] Furthermore, 1%-2% of one or more of butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate or octyl acetate can be added to the attractant paste.

[0023] Furthermore, the attractant paste may be added with 1%-2% of at least one or more of butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, and octyl butyrate.

[0024] Furthermore, the attractant paste may contain 0.1%-0.2% of a nonionic wetting agent, and the nonionic wetting agent may be, but is not limited to, polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80.

[0025] The attractant of the present invention is a viscous liquid and can be used in a suitable trap, with a mixture of 5-25 grams and 1 liter of water as an attractant and killing solution for fruit flies.

[0026] Further, 500-1200 ml may be used in suitable traps to prolong the attraction to fruit flies.

[0027] Suitable traps according to the present invention have the following characteristics:

[0028] a. The lower part of the trap has the capacity to hold at least 500 ml, preferably 1000 ml of the attractant solution.

[0029] b. The lower part of the trap is yellow, which can attract fruit flies.

[0030] c. The lower part of the trap has an upward cone with a hole at the top with a diameter of at least 20 mm, preferably 30 mm, to allow fruit flies to enter the trap from the bottom of the trap.

[0031] d. On the vertical side of the lower part of the trap, above the level of the attractant liquid, there are multiple holes (preferably four), 20-30 mm in diameter, above the level of the attractant liquid to allow fruit flies to enter from the side of the trap. The holes also help to emit odors that attract fruit flies.

[0032] The holes in ed may optionally have an inwardly facing tapered insert / conical insert with a hole diameter of 10-15mm at the tip to help retain fruit flies and reduce evaporation of water.

[0033] f. In the upper part of the trap, there is an air space of at least 1000 ml, preferably greater than 1500 ml, above the attractant liquid.

[0034] g. The upper part of the trap is colorless and transparent, which can enhance the entry and retention of fruit flies in the trap.

[0035] The attractant solution of the present invention can be used as an attractant and killer for fruit flies, including but not limited to female and male Bactrocera citrifolia, Bactrocera squash, Bactrocera cucurbita, Bactrocera citrifolia, and Bactrocera guava.

[0036] Traps filled with the attractant solution are hung in orchards, plantations and cucurbits for monitoring and large-scale trapping of fruit fly pests.

[0037] For example, the above attractant / trap system is applied to an orchard at a rate of at least two per acre. When fruit flies are first detected in male traps in the orchard, the traps filled with the attractant solution are hung at head height on tree branches.

[0038] Check the traps weekly to prevent the attractant solution from drying up. Generally, the traps will not need to be refilled with attractant for about two months.

[0039] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available products.

[0040] The yeast used in the following examples is Angel brand yeast produced by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., and the β-caryophyllene is Maclean trans-caryophyllene produced by Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0041] Example 1 Comparison of baits for attracting the orange fruit fly and the pumpkin fruit fly

[0042] 1. Prepare the following experimental bait mixture according to Table 1:

[0043] Table 1

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] The results showed that samples A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were physically manageable and resistant to spoilage and were selected for testing in a peach orchard in Nanjing. To aid dispersion, 0.1% polysorbate 20 was added to each viscous liquid sample.

[0047] Add 25 grams of each viscous liquid to 5 liters of water. (5 grams of sample per liter)

[0048] 500 ml of each bait was added to a commercial fruit fly trap ( fruit fly traps).

[0049] Seven traps (one each for A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) were hung on seven rows of peaches, with three trees separating adjacent traps. Each row of trees with traps was separated from the next row by two rows of trees without traps. The locations of the treatments were arranged in a Latin square design according to Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Experimental layout

[0051]

[0052] After two weeks, fruit flies were collected from each trap and assessed for species and sex.

[0053] 2. The results are shown in Table 3:

[0054] Table 3

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] From the experimental results, it can be seen that mixtures E and F are superior, and both mixtures can attract more orange fruit flies and pumpkin fruit flies. The bait is a female attractant with a strong significant bias, which is a big advantage.

[0058] Example 2 Further Improvement of Bait - Effect of Adding Ammonium Acetate

[0059] On the basis of Example 1, a certain amount of ammonium acetate was added to the mixture and its effect was tested. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0060] Table 4 Test mixtures to determine the effect of ammonium acetate

[0061]

[0062] Samples F, H and J were found to be physically controllable and were selected for testing at a peach orchard in Nanjing. To aid dispersion, 0.2% of polysorbate 80 was added to each paste sample.

[0063] Add 12.5 grams of each viscous liquid to 2.5 liters of water. (5 grams of sample per liter)

[0064] 500 ml of each bait was added to a commercial fruit fly trap ( Fruit fly traps)

[0065] Three traps (one per sample F, H, and J) were hung from three trees, separating adjacent traps along five rows of peaches. Each row of trees with traps was separated from the next row by two rows of trees without traps. The location of treatments within each row was randomized.

[0066] After two weeks, fruit flies were collected from each trap and assessed for species and sex.

[0067] Table 5 Effect of adding ammonium acetate

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Other insects were mainly Diptera (Muscidae) and several species of scarab beetles. No bees or other beneficial insects were found in the traps.

[0071] The results in Table 5 show that the addition of ammonium acetate further improved the effectiveness of the bait. The bait still heavily favored female fruit flies.

[0072] Example 3 Further Optimization of the Bait Effect of Fatty Ester Mixture

[0073] On the basis of Example 2, a certain amount of ammonium acetate was added to the mixture and its effect was tested. The results are shown in Table 6:

[0074] Table 6 Determination of the effect of fatty acid esters

[0075]

[0076] All samples were found to be physically manageable and were selected for testing at a peach orchard in Nanjing. To aid dispersion, 0.2% polysorbate 80 was added to each paste sample.

[0077] Samples K and L contained equal proportions of butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, and octyl acetate.

[0078] Samples M and N contained equal proportions of butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, and octyl butyrate.

[0079] Add 12.5 grams of each viscous liquid to 2.5 liters of water. (5 grams of sample per liter)

[0080] 500 ml of each bait was added to a commercial fruit fly trap ( fruit fly traps).

[0081] Five traps (one for each sample H, K, L, M, and N) were placed along five rows of peaches with three trees separating adjacent traps. Each row of trees with traps was separated from the next row of traps by two rows of trees without traps. The locations of the treatments were arranged in a Latin square design.

[0082] After two weeks, fruit flies were collected from each trap and assessed for species and sex.

[0083] Table 7 Determination of the effect of adding aliphatic acetate

[0084]

[0085] The results in Table 7 show that the addition of the fatty ester to the mixture slightly increased the capture of fruit flies.

[0086] Other insects were mainly Diptera (houseflies, whiteflies) and several species of scarab beetles. No bees or other beneficial insects were found in the traps.

[0087] Example 4 Comparison of Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera squash attractants with and without β-caryophyllene

[0088] Prepare the attractant mixture according to Table 8.

[0089] Table 8 Comparison of formulas with and without β-caryophyllene

[0090]

[0091] Formulation samples HC and H were tested in a peach orchard in Nanjing. To maintain the stability of the formulation solution, 0.1% polysorbate 20 was added to the viscous liquid of the formulation sample.

[0092] Take 12.5 grams of each sample and put it into 2.5 liters of water to fully dissolve it to prepare the attractant. Take 500 ml of each attractant and add it to Fruit fly trap.

[0093] Take 4 trap barrels for each formula, divide them into two rows, and hang them on peach trees, with 3 peach trees between each trap barrel, and each row of trap barrels will separate two formulas. Each row of peach trees with traps is separated from the next row of traps by two rows of peach trees without traps.

[0094] The processing positions are divided into two rows according to Table 9.

[0095] Table 9 Experimental layout

[0096] Location Row 1 H HC H HC Row 2 HC H HC H

[0097] After two weeks, fruit flies were collected from each trap and counted by species and sex.

[0098] The experimental results are shown in Table 10.

[0099] Table 10 The attractant effect with and without adding β-caryophyllene

[0100]

[0101] It can be seen that adding 2% β-caryophyllene into the formula significantly increased the trapping rate of the citrus fruit fly and the pumpkin fruit fly.

[0102] Example 5 Large-scale trapping of fruit fly using optimized bait and trapping system

[0103] Location: A peach orchard (late-maturing variety) near Nanjing with a history of severe citrus fruit fly infestation. Area: 30 mu.

[0104] Other control measures: None.

[0105] The trap used - Design 2 above was filled with 1 litre of bait solution.

[0106] Bait used: Sample H, 25 grams per liter.

[0107] Ratio: 5 traps per acre.

[0108] Traps are placed in the orchard at the first sign of fruit fly activity in male traps. Traps are filled with water once during the season.

[0109] Assessment at harvest:

[0110] Prior to harvest, 1,000 pieces of fruit were inspected for signs of fruit fly infestation. Fruit that appeared to have infestations were cut open for internal investigation.

[0111] Infestation rate in the previous year: 29%.

[0112] Infection rate in the test year: 1.2%.

[0113] Infestation rate in similar nearby orchards: 12.5% ​​(using insecticides).

[0114] Example 6 Large-scale trapping of melon fruit flies using optimized bait and trapping system

[0115] Location: A bitter melon plantation near Nanjing with a history of severe cucurbitaceae bacterial infection. Area: 3 mu.

[0116] Other control measures: None.

[0117] Traps used: Design 2 above filled with 1 litre of bait solution.

[0118] Bait used: Sample H, 25 grams per liter.

[0119] Price: 5 traps per acre, plus perimeter application.

[0120] Traps are placed in the orchard at the first sign of fly activity in the male traps. The traps are filled with water once during the season.

[0121] Assessment at harvest:

[0122] Prior to harvest, 500 fruits (including dropped fruit) were inspected for signs of fruit fly infestation. Fruit that appeared to have infestation was cut open for internal investigation.

[0123] Infection rate last year: 11.0%.

[0124] Infestation rate in the test year: 2.4%.

[0125] Infestation rate in similar nearby plantations: 12.1% (with insecticides).

[0126] Example 7 Large-scale trapping using optimized bait and trap system to control citrus fruit fly

[0127] Location: A citrus orchard in Hubei Province with a history of severe Bactrocera dorsalis infestation. Area: 45 mu.

[0128] Other control measures: None.

[0129] Traps used: Design 2 above filled with 1 litre of bait solution.

[0130] Bait used: Sample H, 25 grams per liter.

[0131] Price: 1 trap per acre, plus perimeter application.

[0132] Traps are set in the orchard before the fruit becomes susceptible to pests. The traps are filled with water once during the season.

[0133] Assessment at harvest:

[0134] Prior to harvest, 500 fruits were inspected for signs of fruit fly infestation. Fruit that appeared to have infestation was cut open for internal investigation.

[0135] Infection rate last year: 15.0%.

[0136] Infestation rate in the test year: 1.3%.

[0137] Infestation rate in similar nearby orchards: 9.1% (using insecticides).

[0138] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A fruit fly attractant, characterized in that: The invention is a viscous liquid, comprising the following components in weight percentage: 15%-30% dry yeast, 15%-30% boric acid and 1%-2% beta-caryophyllene, and the rest is water, and the total weight percentage is 100%.

2. The attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The attractant also includes 5%-10% ammonium acetate.

3. The attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The attractant also includes 1%-2% of aliphatic ester.

4. The attractant according to claim 3, characterized in that The aliphatic ester is selected from at least one or more of butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, and octyl butyrate.

5. The attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The attractant also includes 0.1%-0.2% of a nonionic wetting agent.

6. The attractant according to claim 5, characterized in that The nonionic wetting agent is selected from polysorbate 20 and / or polysorbate 80.

7. The method for preparing the attractant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Mixing dry yeast, boric acid, ammonium acetate and water to obtain a powder liquid; (2) β-caryophyllene, fatty ester and nonionic wetting agent are mixed and emulsified evenly, and then mixed with the powder liquid of (1) to obtain a viscous liquid which is the attractant.

8. Use of the attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in monitoring and trapping fruit flies.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: A mixture of 5-25 g of the attractant and 1 liter of water is placed in the trap as a solution to attract and kill fruit flies.

10. The use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The fruit flies include the fruit fly of the citrus fruit fly, the fruit fly of the pumpkin fruit fly, the fruit fly of the melon fruit fly, the fruit fly of the citrus fruit fly and the fruit fly of the guava fruit fly.

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