A welding and cutting fume purification device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a welding and cutting fume purification device applied to the technical field related to fume purification. Through the arrangement of bag dust collector, filter cartridge and multi-stage filtration water, graded filtration of fume can be realized. Compared with the single-stage filtration only in the prior art, the fume purification effect is effectively improved, the exhaust air is cleaner, the impact on the health of the staff and the environment is smaller, and the targeted adsorption of fume can be realized, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of fume escape without being adsorbed and purified; at the same time, due to the modular arrangement of multiple filter elements, when the adsorbed impurities are more and tend to be saturated, different filter elements can be automatically switched, and under the arrangement of the steering monitoring column, the use of the filter element can be automatically detected, which is convenient for users to replace the filter element as a whole before all the filter elements are used up, further improving the intelligence, reducing the frequency of manual replacement, and further improving the use effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fume purification device, and in particular to a welding and cutting fume purification device applied in the technical field related to fume purification. Background Art

[0002] A large amount of smoke and dust is usually generated during automated welding and cutting operations. The welding and cutting smoke purification device invented this time is mainly used on the cantilever beam or gantry beam of automated welding and cutting. As a professional air purification equipment, it is designed to efficiently capture and purify the smoke and dust generated during welding, cutting and other operations, thereby protecting the health of operators and maintaining a good working environment.

[0003] In various welding and laser cutting workplaces, such as automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing and other industries, a large amount of harmful smoke will be generated. The composition of the smoke generated by welding is very complex. More than 20 elements have been found in the smoke, among which Fe, Ca, Na, etc. are the most abundant, followed by Si, Al, Mn, Ti, Cu, etc. The main harmful substances in welding smoke are Fe2O3, SiO2, MnO, HF, etc. In the prior art, in order to protect the health of operators and maintain a good working environment, welding and cutting smoke purification devices are generally set up to purify the smoke, such as a welding smoke treatment device disclosed in Chinese patent CN205913900U and a welding smoke purification system disclosed in Chinese patent CN107596858A.

[0004] The above-mentioned welding and cutting smoke purification devices only use simple single-stage purification such as filtration and adsorption, resulting in low purification efficiency and poor effect. The air discharged after subsequent purification still has a certain impact on the health of the workers and the environment. In addition, the existing smoke purification devices only have the process of suction-filtration-discharge, and cannot perform targeted adsorption on smoke-dense areas. The degree of intelligence is low, which also makes it difficult for some smoke to be adsorbed and purified. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing purification devices are relatively simple and have a low degree of intelligence, making it difficult to achieve targeted adsorption of smoke-dense areas, resulting in poor purification effect for the smoke, and still having a certain impact on the health of workers and the environment.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a welding and cutting smoke purification device, comprising an outer cover shell fixedly connected to a suspension beam and a purification box, a control center is arranged on the outer cover shell, the purification box is located inside the outer cover shell, a plurality of evenly distributed smoke inlet holes are drilled at the outer end of the outer cover shell, an air inlet pipe is arranged below the purification box, a plurality of automatic air valves are installed on the air inlet pipe, the left end of the air inlet pipe is bent and fixed to and communicated with the purification box, a plurality of partitions are fixedly connected inside the purification box, the interior of the purification box is divided into a plurality of mutually independent processing chambers by the plurality of partitions, a triangular pad is fixedly connected to the right end of the purification box, a negative pressure fan is installed on the triangular pad, and an air suction port of the negative pressure fan is fixedly penetrated through the purification box and communicated with an adjacent processing chamber;

[0007] A bag dust collector is arranged in the first treatment chamber from left to right, and the air inlet of the bag dust collector is fixed and communicated with the air inlet pipe mouth. A filter cartridge is arranged in the second treatment chamber, and the filter cartridge is fixedly penetrated through the partition close to the bag dust collector and extends into the first treatment chamber, and the filter cartridge is clamped with the partition. The last multiple treatment chambers are filled with water and are provided with a pair of smoke guide pipes. The ends of the pair of smoke guide pipes are fixedly penetrated through the partition on the left and communicated with the previous treatment chamber. A plurality of evenly distributed smoke outlet holes are drilled outside the horizontal section of the smoke guide pipe. The upper and lower ends of the treatment chamber filled with water are respectively provided with a water inlet pipe and a drain pipe;

[0008] Wind pressure sensors are installed in the first and second processing chambers, and the wind pressure sensors and multiple automatic air valves are connected to the control center signal;

[0009] The filter cartridge includes an outer cylinder, a self-switching plate connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder through an electric rotating shaft, and multiple filter elements distributed in a circular array. Reset ropes are fixedly connected between the multiple filter elements and the inner wall of the outer cylinder away from the self-switching plate. An air hole is drilled on the self-switching plate. A coaxial electromagnetic ring is arranged outside the air hole. The electromagnetic ring is fixedly embedded in the self-switching plate. A protective film sleeve is also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder away from the self-switching plate. The protective film sleeve matches the multiple filter elements. A steering monitoring column is fixedly connected to the middle of the self-switching plate near one end of the filter element. The steering monitoring column is connected to the control center signal.

[0010] In the above-mentioned welding and cutting smoke purification device, through the setting of bag dust collector, filter cartridge, and multi-stage filtration water, graded filtration of flue gas can be achieved. Compared with only single-stage filtration in the prior art, the flue gas purification effect is effectively improved, and the exhaust air is cleaner, with less impact on the health of workers and the environment. It can also achieve targeted adsorption of flue gas, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of flue gas escape without being adsorbed and purified.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the water level in the processing chamber is higher than the horizontal section of the smoke duct, the bag dust collector adopts a pulse back-blowing bag dust collector, and the bag dust collector is connected to the control center signal.

[0012] As another improvement supplement to the present application, the protective film sleeve includes limiting rings respectively mounted on the outside of multiple filter elements, an air-proof membrane fixedly connected to the limiting rings, and an outer movable ring fixedly connected to one end of the air-proof membrane away from the limiting rings. Connecting rods are fixedly connected between two adjacent limiting rings and between multiple limiting rings and the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The air-proof membrane is made of elastic sealing material, and two inelastic protective film ropes are fixedly connected between the outer movable ring and the limiting ring.

[0013] As another improvement supplement of the present application, a plurality of evenly distributed exhaust holes are drilled at the outer end of the outer cylinder, and the plurality of exhaust holes are all located on the side of the self-switching plate facing the filter element. The reset rope is made of elastic material, and when the filter element contacts the self-switching plate, the reset rope is in a stretched state.

[0014] As another improved supplement of the present application, the filter element includes a filter section, a follower ring fixedly connected to the outer end of the filter section close to the self-switching plate, and a positioning section fixedly connected to the other end of the filter section. The limiting ring always corresponds to the positioning section, the end of the outer moving ring and the follower ring are clipped and matched with each other, and when the two are clipped, the air-proof membrane is in a stretched state, the protective membrane rope is in a relaxed state, and the length of the protective membrane rope is less than the distance between the self-switching plate and the radial inner wall of the outer cylinder.

[0015] As another improved supplement of the present application, a HEPA filter and an activated carbon adsorption layer are sequentially arranged inside the filter section from the inside to the outside, and the outer shell of the filter section is made of PTFE polyester coating material.

[0016] As another improvement supplement of the present application, a detection hole is drilled at the outer end of the positioning section near the filtering section, a light sensor is installed inside the detection hole, a transparent cover is fixedly embedded at the mouth of the detection hole, the follower ring is made of magnetic material, the limit ring is made of electromagnetic material, and there is magnetic attraction between the follower ring and the electromagnetic ring after power is applied, and between the limit ring after power is applied.

[0017] As another improved supplement of the present application, the steering monitoring column includes a cylinder fixed and coaxial with the self-switching plate, a pointing tube fixedly connected to the outer end of the cylinder, and a pressure sensor installed on the pointing tube away from the inner wall of the cylinder. The cylinder and the pointing tube are connected, and the cylinder is filled with quicksand. The pressure sensor is connected to the control center signal.

[0018] In summary, through the setting of bag dust collector, filter cartridge, and multi-stage filtration water, graded filtration of flue gas can be achieved. Compared with only single-stage filtration in the prior art, the flue gas purification effect is effectively improved, the exhaust air is cleaner, and the impact on the health of workers and the environment is smaller. It can also achieve targeted adsorption of flue gas, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of flue gas escape without being adsorbed and purified; at the same time, the modular setting of multiple filter elements can realize automatic rotation to switch different filter elements when the adsorbed impurities are more and tend to be saturated, and under the setting of the steering monitoring column, the use of the filter element can be automatically detected, which is convenient for users to replace the entire filter element before all the filter elements are used up, further improving the intelligence, reducing the frequency of manual replacement, and further improving the use effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall stereogram of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a purification box according to a first embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A half-cut perspective view of the purification box portion of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the purification box portion of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a filter cartridge according to a first embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a front cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a left side stereoscopic view of the filter cartridge of the second embodiment of the present application with the outer shell removed;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a right side perspective view of the filter cartridge of the second embodiment of the present application with the outer shell removed;

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a front view of the filter element according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig.10 This is a front view of a self-switching plate according to a second embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.11 This is a front view of a steering monitoring column according to a second embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.12This is a schematic diagram of the state change process of the steering monitoring column during the automatic switching of multiple filter elements in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0032] 1 outer cover shell, 101 smoke inlet hole, 2 purification box, 201 water inlet pipe, 202 drainage pipe, 21 partition, 22 triangular pad, 3 negative pressure fan, 4 air inlet pipe, 401 automatic air valve, 5 bag filter, 6 filter cartridge, 61 outer cylinder, 62 self-switching plate, 63 filter element, 631 filter section, 632 positioning section, 633 follower ring, 64 electromagnetic ring, 601 exhaust hole, 602 air hole, 603 reset rope, 604 light sensor, 7 smoke guide pipe, 701 smoke outlet, 8 protective film sleeve, 81 air avoidance film, 82 outer dynamic ring, 83 limit ring, 801 connecting rod, 802 protective film rope, 91 cylinder, 92 pointing tube, 93 pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Two implementation modes of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The first implementation method:

[0035] Figure 1-2 A welding and cutting fume purification device is shown, in which a represents a suspension beam, including an outer cover shell 1 fixedly connected to the suspension beam and a purification box 2, a control center is arranged on the outer cover shell 1, the purification box 2 is located in the outer cover shell 1, a plurality of evenly distributed smoke inlet holes 101 are drilled at the outer end of the outer cover shell 1, an air intake pipe 4 is arranged below the purification box 2, a plurality of automatic air valves 401 are installed on the air intake pipe 4, the left end of the air intake pipe 4 is bent and fixed to and communicated with the purification box 2, a plurality of partitions 21 are fixedly connected inside the purification box 2, and the interior of the purification box 2 is divided into a plurality of independent processing units by the plurality of partitions 21 cavity, a triangular pad 22 is fixedly connected to the right end of the purification box 2, and a negative pressure fan 3 is installed on the triangular pad 22. The air suction port of the negative pressure fan 3 is fixedly penetrates the purification box 2 and communicates with the adjacent processing chamber. When welding and cutting are performed, the control center can control the automatic air valve 401 closest to the welding or cutting station to open, so that the negative pressure adsorption force generated by the negative pressure fan 3 is concentrated on the corresponding automatic air valve 401, so as to achieve targeted adsorption of the flue gas, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of flue gas escape without being adsorbed and purified, and the purified flue gas is discharged and released from the exhaust port of the negative pressure fan 3.

[0036] In addition, it should be noted that the end of the air inlet pipe 4 facing the negative pressure fan 3 is in a sealed state, and smoke can only enter through a plurality of automatic air valves 401 on the air inlet pipe 4 .

[0037] like Figure 3-4, a bag dust collector 5 is arranged in the first processing chamber from left to right, the air inlet of the bag dust collector 5 is fixed and communicated with the mouth of the air inlet pipe 4, a filter cartridge 6 is arranged in the second processing chamber, and a HEPA filter and an activated carbon adsorption layer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside of the filter cartridge 6, the outer shell of the filter cartridge 6 is made of PTFE polyester coated material, the filter cartridge 6 is fixedly penetrated through the partition 21 close to the bag dust collector 5 and extends into the first processing chamber, and the filter cartridge 6 is clamped with the partition 21, the last multiple processing chambers are filled with water and a pair of smoke guide pipes 7 are arranged, the water level in the processing chamber is higher than the horizontal section of the smoke guide pipe 7, which effectively ensures that the smoke needs to pass through the water after overflowing from the smoke outlet 701 to overflow and enter the next water-containing processing chamber, the ends of the pair of smoke guide pipes 7 are fixedly penetrated through the partition 21 on the left and communicated with the previous processing chamber, and the guide A plurality of evenly distributed smoke outlets 701 are drilled outside the horizontal section of the smoke pipe 7. When the smoke is purified, the negative pressure fan 3 is started. Under the action of its negative pressure suction, the smoke enters the outer cover shell 1 along the smoke inlet hole 101, and then enters the air inlet pipe 4 along the automatic air valve 401 in the open state, and first passes through the bag filter 5. Through the bag filter method, large particles of impurities are removed. After that, the smoke is discharged from the bag filter 5 and enters the first processing chamber, and then enters the filter cartridge 6 to pass through the HEPA filter and the activated carbon layer for impurity adsorption, and then repeatedly passes into the water body through the smoke guide pipe 7 to adsorb small particles of impurities, and finally discharged. Compared with the simple filtration in the prior art, this solution can greatly improve the effect of smoke purification and reduce the subsequent impact on the environment and the health of workers.

[0038] Among them, the bag dust collector 5 adopts a pulse back-blowing bag dust collector, and the bag dust collector 5 is connected with the control center signal, so that the bag dust collector 5 can automatically clean dust through pulse back-blowing, effectively ensuring that the bag dust collector 5 always maintains a good working condition.

[0039] The upper and lower ends of the treatment chamber filled with water are respectively provided with a water inlet pipe 201 and a drain pipe 202, so that the water in the corresponding treatment chamber can be replenished and discharged according to actual needs, so that it can continuously and well adsorb small particle impurities in the flue gas.

[0040] Wind pressure sensors are installed in the first and second processing chambers. The wind pressure sensors and multiple automatic air valves 401 are connected to the control center signal. The wind pressure sensors can effectively monitor the interception and adhesion of impurities on the bag dust collector 5 and the filter cartridge 6, which is convenient for the control center to timely control the bag dust collector 5 for self-cleaning, and at the same time, it is convenient to timely remind the staff to replace the filter cartridge 6, thereby maintaining good purification and filtration efficiency and effect for the flue gas.

[0041] In the above-mentioned welding and cutting smoke purification device, through the arrangement of bag dust collector 5, filter cartridge 6, and smoke guide pipe 7, graded filtration of flue gas can be achieved. Compared with only single-stage filtration in the prior art, the flue gas purification effect is effectively improved, the exhaust air is cleaner, and the impact on the health of workers and the environment is smaller. It can also achieve targeted adsorption of flue gas, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of flue gas escape without being adsorbed and purified.

[0042] The second implementation method:

[0043] This embodiment further improves the filter cartridge 6 on the basis of the first embodiment, and the rest of the parts are consistent with the first embodiment.

[0044] Figure 5-6 As shown, the filter cartridge 6 includes an outer cylinder 61, a self-switching plate 62 connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 61 through an electric rotating shaft, and a plurality of filter elements 63 distributed in a circular array. A reset rope 603 is fixedly connected between the plurality of filter elements 63 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 61 away from the self-switching plate 62. An air hole 602 is drilled on the self-switching plate 62. A coaxial electromagnetic ring 64 is arranged outside the air hole 602. The electromagnetic ring 64 is fixedly embedded in the self-switching plate 62. A protective film sleeve 8 is also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 61 away from the self-switching plate 62. The protective film sleeve 8 matches the plurality of filter elements 63. When the wind pressure sensor detects that the wind pressure becomes lower than a threshold set in advance, the control center reminds that the filter element needs to be replaced. By controlling the self-switching plate 62 to rotate and face the filter element 63, the filter element 63 can be replaced automatically. Compared with the manual replacement in the first embodiment, the dependence on manpower is effectively reduced, the frequency of manual intervention in replacement can be reduced, and the convenience of use is improved.

[0045] like Figure 6-7 The protective film sleeve 8 includes a limiting ring 83 respectively sleeved on the outside of multiple filter elements 63, an air-proof film 81 fixedly connected to the limiting ring 83, and an outer movable ring 82 fixedly connected to one end of the air-proof film 81 away from the limiting ring 83. A connecting rod 801 is fixedly connected between two adjacent limiting rings 83 and between multiple limiting rings 83 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 61. The air-proof film 81 is made of elastic sealing material. Two inelastic protective film ropes 802 are also fixedly connected between the outer movable ring 82 and the limiting ring 83. For the filter element 63 that has not been used, the outer movable ring 82 is clamped with the end of the filter element 63. At this time, the air-proof film 81 is stretched and straightened and covers the outside of the filter section 631. On the one hand, it can protect the internal filter element 63 from being easily contacted with smoke, so that the smoke can be well adsorbed when it is replaced later. On the other hand, the filter element 63 is stably pressed against the radial inner wall of the outer cylinder 61, so that the unused filter element 63 is relatively stable.

[0046] A plurality of evenly distributed exhaust holes 601 are drilled at the outer end of the outer cylinder 61, and the plurality of exhaust holes 601 are all located on the side of the self-switching plate 62 facing the filter element 63. The reset rope 603 is made of elastic material and is used to discharge the filtered smoke, and when the filter element 63 contacts the self-switching plate 62, the reset rope 603 is in a stretched state. When the filter element 63 adsorbs a lot of impurities and needs to be replaced, when the magnetic attraction of the electromagnetic ring 64 is lost, the reset rope 603 can be elastically reset to drive the filter element 63 to move away from the self-switching plate 62, so that the filter element 63 is not easy to affect the rotation of the self-switching plate 62, and the stability of the replacement of the new filter element 63 is facilitated.

[0047] like Figure 8 The filter element 63 includes a filter section 631, a follower ring 633 fixedly connected to the outer end of the filter section 631 close to the self-switching plate 62, and a positioning section 632 fixedly connected to the other end of the filter section 631. The limiting ring 83 always corresponds to the positioning section 632. The end of the outer movable ring 82 and the follower ring 633 are engaged and matched with each other. When the two are engaged, the air-proof membrane 81 is in a stretched state, the protective membrane rope 802 is in a relaxed state, and the length of the protective membrane rope 802 is less than the distance between the self-switching plate 62 and the radial inner wall of the outer cylinder 61. When the filter element 63 moves toward the self-switching plate 62, it can be straightened to facilitate pulling the outer movable ring 82 to separate it from the follower ring 633.

[0048] When the filter element 63 needs to be replaced, the electromagnetic ring 64 is first controlled to be de-energized to release the adsorption and fixation of the corresponding filter element 63, and then the control center can control the self-switching plate 62 to rotate through the electric shaft, so that the air hole 602 is opposite to another unused filter element 63. At this time, the electromagnetic ring 64 is controlled to be energized, which will generate a magnetic attraction on the follower ring 633, thereby pulling the filter element 63 close to the air hole 602 and being stably tied to the mouth of the air hole 602. In this process, the air-proof membrane 81 continues to be stretched until the protective film rope 802 is straightened, which inhibits the outer movable ring 82 from continuing to move with the filter element 63, and then the clamping connection between the two is gradually released, and the outer movable ring 82 is separated from the follower ring 633. At this time, under the action of the air-proof membrane 81, the outer movable ring 82 rebounds quickly and approaches the limit ring 83, so that the air-proof membrane 81 is uncovered from the surface of the filter section 631, and the filter section 631 is exposed, so that the filter element 63 can now filter the smoke normally.

[0049] It is worth noting that the filter segment 631 in this embodiment is consistent with the configuration of the filter cartridge 6 in the first embodiment, that is, a HEPA filter and an activated carbon adsorption layer are sequentially arranged inside the filter segment 631 from the inside to the outside, and the outer shell is also made of PTFE polyester coating material.

[0050] like Fig. 9The positioning section 632 is provided with a detection hole at the outer end near the filtering section 631, and a light sensor 604 is installed inside the detection hole. A transparent cover is fixedly inlaid at the detection hole mouth. The follower ring 633 is made of magnetic material, and the limit ring 83 is made of electromagnetic material. There is magnetic attraction between the follower ring 633 and the electromagnetic ring 64 after power-on and the limit ring 83 after power-on. When the air-avoiding membrane 81 recovers its deformation and drives the outer ring 82 to move toward the positioning section 632, the light sensor 604 is used to monitor Whether the air-proof membrane 81 is completely peeled off from the filter segment 631, when there is still a part covering the outside of the filter segment 631, the light sensor 604 is blocked by the air-proof membrane 81, and the light data is small. At this time, the limit ring 83 can be controlled to be energized, so as to adsorb the outer dynamic ring 82, and assist it in driving the air-proof membrane 81 away from the filter segment 631, so as to facilitate the stable filtration of the smoke by the filter element 63. When the air-proof membrane 81 is completely away from the filter segment 631, due to the lack of obstruction, the light data on the light sensor 604 is large.

[0051] like Figure 10-11 A steering monitoring column is fixedly connected to the middle of one end of the self-switching plate 62 near the filter element 63. When the steering monitoring column is set, the number of filter elements 63 is three. The steering monitoring column is connected to the control center signal. The steering monitoring column includes a cylinder 91 fixed and coaxial with the self-switching plate 62, a pointing tube 92 fixedly connected to the outer end of the cylinder 91, and a pressure sensor 93 installed on the pointing tube 92 away from the inner wall of the cylinder 91. The cylinder 91 and the pointing tube 92 are connected, and the cylinder 91 is filled with quicksand. The quicksand can be made of dry fine sand. The pressure sensor 93 is connected to the control center signal, such as Fig.12 In the initial state, the pointing tube 92 points upward. At this time, the data of the pressure sensor 93 is 0 or very small. When the filter element 63 is replaced once, the rotation angle of the cylinder 91 is 120°. At this time, part of the quicksand enters the pointing tube 92, causing the data of the pressure sensor 93 to increase. When the filter element 63 is replaced again, the cylinder 91 continues to rotate 120°. At this time, the pointing tube 92 passes through the vertical downward direction and finally tilts to the other side and stays. During this process, the quicksand completely enters the pointing tube 92, causing the data of the pressure sensor 93 to tend to the maximum. According to the data changes of the pressure sensor 93, the replacement status of multiple filter elements 63 can be effectively judged, which is convenient for the control center to monitor the filter cartridge 6, so that the staff can replace the entire filter cartridge 6 in time.

[0052] At the same time, the modular setting of multiple filter elements 63 can realize automatic rotation to switch different filter elements 63 when the adsorbed impurities are too large and tend to be saturated. In addition, under the setting of the steering monitoring column, the usage of the filter element 63 can be automatically detected, which is convenient for users to replace the entire filter element 63 before all the filter elements 63 are used up, further improving intelligence, reducing the frequency of manual replacement, and further improving the use effect.

[0053] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding and cutting fume purification device, characterized in that: It comprises an outer cover shell (1) fixedly connected to a suspension beam and a purification box (2), wherein a control center is arranged on the outer cover shell (1), the purification box (2) is located inside the outer cover shell (1), a plurality of evenly distributed smoke inlet holes (101) are drilled at the outer end of the outer cover shell (1), an air intake pipe (4) is arranged below the purification box (2), a plurality of automatic air valves (401) are installed on the air intake pipe (4), a left end of the air intake pipe (4) is fixed to and communicates with the purification box (2), a plurality of partitions (21) are fixedly connected inside the purification box (2), and the interior of the purification box (2) is divided into a plurality of mutually independent processing chambers by the plurality of partitions (21), a triangular pad (22) is fixedly connected to the right end of the purification box (2), a negative pressure fan (3) is installed on the triangular pad (22), and an air intake port of the negative pressure fan (3) is fixedly passed through the purification box (2) and communicated with an adjacent processing chamber; A bag filter (5) is arranged in the first treatment chamber from left to right, and the air inlet of the bag filter (5) is fixed to and communicated with the mouth of the air inlet pipe (4); a filter cartridge (6) is arranged in the second treatment chamber, and the filter cartridge (6) passes through a partition (21) close to the bag filter (5) and extends into the first treatment chamber, and the filter cartridge (6) is snap-fitted with the partition (21); the last multiple treatment chambers are filled with water and are provided with a pair of smoke guide pipes (7); the ends of the pair of smoke guide pipes (7) are fixed to pass through the partition (21) on the left and communicate with the previous treatment chamber; a plurality of evenly distributed smoke outlet holes (701) are drilled outside the horizontal section of the smoke guide pipe (7); and a water inlet pipe (201) and a drainage pipe (202) are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the treatment chamber filled with water; Wind pressure sensors are installed in the first and second processing chambers, and the wind pressure sensors and a plurality of automatic air valves (401) are connected to the control center signal; The filter cartridge (6) comprises an outer cartridge (61), a self-switching plate (62) connected to the inner wall of the outer cartridge (61) via an electric rotating shaft, and a plurality of filter cartridges (63) distributed in a ring array; a reset rope (603) is fixedly connected between the plurality of filter cartridges (63) and the inner wall of the outer cartridge (61) away from the self-switching plate (62); an air hole (602) is drilled on the self-switching plate (62); a coaxial electromagnetic ring (64) is arranged outside the air hole (602); the electromagnetic ring (64) is fixedly embedded in the self-switching plate (62); a protective film sleeve (8) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cartridge (61) away from the self-switching plate (62); the protective film sleeve (8) matches the plurality of filter cartridges (63); a steering monitoring column is fixedly connected to the middle of one end of the self-switching plate (62) close to the filter cartridge (63); the steering monitoring column is connected to a control center signal; The protective film sleeve (8) comprises a limiting ring (83) respectively sleeved outside the plurality of filter elements (63), an air-proof film (81) fixedly connected to the limiting ring (83), and an outer movable ring (82) fixedly connected to one end of the air-proof film (81) away from the limiting ring (83), a connecting rod (801) is fixedly connected between two adjacent limiting rings (83) and between the plurality of limiting rings (83) and the inner wall of the outer cylinder (61), the air-proof film (81) is made of elastic sealing material, and a connecting rod (801) is fixedly connected between the outer movable ring (82) and the limiting ring (83). Two inelastic protective film ropes (802) are fixedly connected, and a plurality of evenly distributed exhaust holes (601) are drilled at the outer end of the outer cylinder (61). The plurality of exhaust holes (601) are all located on the side of the self-switching plate (62) facing the filter element (63). The reset rope (603) is made of elastic material, and when the filter element (63) contacts the self-switching plate (62), the reset rope (603) is in a stretched state. The length of the protective film rope (802) is less than the distance between the self-switching plate (62) and the radial inner wall of the outer cylinder (61).

2. A welding and cutting fume purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level in the treatment chamber is higher than the horizontal section of the smoke guide pipe (7); the bag filter (5) is a pulse back-blowing bag filter; and the bag filter (5) is connected to a control center signal.

3. The welding and cutting fume purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element (63) comprises a filter section (631), a follower ring (633) fixedly connected to the outer end of the filter section (631) close to the self-switching plate (62), and a positioning section (632) fixedly connected to the other end of the filter section (631); the limit ring (83) always corresponds to the positioning section (632); the end of the outer moving ring (82) and the follower ring (633) are mutually engaged and matched; and when the two are engaged, the air-proof membrane (81) is in a stretched state and the membrane protection rope (802) is in a relaxed state.

4. A welding and cutting fume purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter section (631) is provided with a HEPA filter and an activated carbon adsorption layer in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the outer shell of the filter section (631) is made of PTFE polyester coating material.

5. The welding and cutting fume purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A detection hole is drilled at the outer end of the positioning section (632) close to the filtering section (631), a light sensor (604) is installed inside the detection hole, a transparent cover is fixedly embedded at the mouth of the detection hole, the follower ring (633) is made of magnetic material, the limit ring (83) is made of electromagnetic material, and magnetic attraction exists between the follower ring (633) and the electromagnetic ring (64) after power-on, and the limit ring (83) after power-on.

6. The welding and cutting fume purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering monitoring column comprises a cylinder (91) fixed and coaxial with the self-switching plate (62), a pointing tube (92) fixedly connected to the outer end of the cylinder (91), and a pressure sensor (93) installed on the pointing tube (92) away from the inner wall of the cylinder (91); the cylinder (91) and the pointing tube (92) are in communication, and the cylinder (91) is filled with quicksand; the pressure sensor (93) is connected to a control center signal.

Images