Inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device and method, and belongs to the technical field of engineering rock mass anchoring protection. The impact unit installed at the tail of the anchor head is used for impacting the anchor head sliding block, so that the anchor head wedge-shaped plate slides in the anchor head sliding groove in the radial direction and rotates to form an inverted wedge-shaped structure, and then the anchor head extrudes the hole wall of a bedrock drill hole to form anchoring force through the pulling force of the anchor cable on the anchor head sliding block. The large-tonnage anchoring system has the advantages of being high in installation speed, large in tonnage, stable, durable and the like, rapid installation is achieved through expansion and pre-tightening of the anchoring units in bed rock drill holes, secondary tensioning is not needed, the construction procedures are reduced, and finally the construction efficiency is improved. An inverted-wedge-shaped structure is formed through the rigidity difference between metal and the rock mass, the shear strength advantage of the rock mass under high normal force is fully exerted, and the method is suitable for emergency rescue in the early stage of slope rock mass collapse and anchoring control in the early stage of large deformation of underground cavern surrounding rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering rock mass anchoring protection, in particular to an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass quick anchoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] As a frequent geological disaster in recent years, the collapse of dangerous rock masses has the characteristics of randomness, diversity, and suddenness. The initial sliding before instability and destruction lasts for a short time. Once it occurs, the construction operation time left for emergency rescue personnel is short, which has become a major pain point in the field of emergency rescue technology. On the other hand, with the gradual advancement of deep engineering, after the excavation of caverns in soft rocks, the surrounding rock will deform greatly toward the air surface, and a relaxation circle will be generated within a certain depth from the excavation surface. The problem of surrounding rock instability caused by untimely support has gradually become prominent. In the rescue of dangerous rock mass collapse and the control of large deformation of surrounding rock caused by underground cavern excavation, scientific and effective rapid anchoring technology is one of the key scientific issues that urgently need to be broken through. Existing technologies mostly use conventional grouting anchor rods and anchor cable technical means for reinforcement, but the grouting anchor rods need to wait for the slurry strength to meet the requirements before prestressing can be carried out after the anchoring structure is installed. It often takes several days of solidification time, resulting in its timeliness unable to meet the actual needs of emergency rescue work and it is difficult to achieve the effect of emergency rescue. Therefore, there is an urgent need for anchoring technology that can simultaneously meet the requirements of easy installation, large tonnage, and no risk of slipping. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device and method, which includes: an anchor head, an impact unit, a force transmission rod, an inner anchoring unit, an anchor cable, an outer anchoring unit, an anchoring force and a pressure plate. The impact unit is installed at the tail of the anchor head, and the impact unit is used to impact the sliding block of the anchor head so that the wedge plate of the anchor head slides radially and rotates in the anchor head slot to form an inverted wedge structure, and then the anchor cable is used to pull the sliding block of the anchor head so that the anchor head squeezes the bedrock drill hole to form an anchoring force, and finally a force transmission rod is used to pass through the anchor head and multiple anchor units are connected in series to form a large-tonnage anchoring system. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:

[0004] On the one hand, the present invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device, the device comprising:

[0005] An anchor head, used to contact the wall of the bedrock borehole to provide anchoring force;

[0006] The impact unit is used to provide impact force, transfer kinetic energy through impact, and realize expansion of the anchor head, and is installed at the tail of the anchor head;

[0007] A dowel rod, used to connect the impact unit with the anchor head and the next dowel rod;

[0008] An inner anchoring unit, used for connecting the anchor cable and the outermost force transmission rod of the bedrock borehole;

[0009] The anchor cable is used to connect the inner anchor unit and the outer anchor unit to transmit the anchoring force to the inside of the bedrock;

[0010] An external anchoring unit, used to connect the anchor cable, arranged outside the dangerous rock mass, and providing the anchoring force for the dangerous rock mass;

[0011] A pressure plate, used to disperse the pressure of the external anchoring unit on the dangerous rock mass;

[0012] The anchor head, the impact unit and the force transmission rod form an anchoring unit.

[0013] Optionally, the anchor head comprises:

[0014] A positioning head, used for gathering and positioning the wedge plate;

[0015] The wedge plate is used to slide and rotate along the radial direction of the positioning head under the support of the sliding block, and to contact the bedrock, and to provide the anchoring force for the anchor cable by using the interaction force between the wedge structure and the wall of the bedrock borehole;

[0016] The sliding block is used to be inserted into the interior of the wedge plate so that the anchor head forms an inverted wedge structure;

[0017] The process of forming the inverted wedge-shaped structure of the anchor head is divided into two stages:

[0018] During the anchor head pre-tightening stage, the impact force of the impact unit on the sliding block is used to support the wedge plate on the wall of the bedrock borehole.

[0019] In the anchoring force tensioning stage, the wedge plate is locked to the hole wall of the bedrock borehole by utilizing the pulling force exerted by the force transmission rod on the sliding block.

[0020] Optionally, the impact unit comprises:

[0021] A reaction frame, used to provide the supporting reaction force required by the impact unit, so that the impact force can be effectively transmitted to the wedge plate of the anchor head;

[0022] A spring, used for providing the impact force to the sliding block of the anchor head;

[0023] A retracting rod, used for compressing the spring and locking the impact unit;

[0024] Pre-locking mechanism for temporarily locking the spring and triggering the impact unit.

[0025] Optionally, the pre-locking mechanism comprises: a locking plate, a release rod, a rotating bracket, a limiting bracket and a pull rope;

[0026] The first end of the locking plate is connected to the pull rope, the locking plate is rotatably connected to the rotating bracket through a circular hole, and the limiting bracket is used to limit the rotation direction of the locking plate.

[0027] The first end of the release rod is provided with a groove structure, and the groove structure is in close contact with the second end of the locking plate. The second end of the release rod is connected with the sliding block of the anchor head.

[0028] Optionally, the reaction frame comprises: a long metal plate and a disc;

[0029] The first end of the long metal plate is connected to the second end screw hole of the wedge plate of the anchor head, and the second end of the long metal plate is connected to the side screw hole of the disc. The disc has a middle hole, and holes are provided on both sides of the middle hole, through which the retracting rod and the release rod of the impact unit are respectively passed.

[0030] Optionally, the force transmission rod comprises: a rod body, a female sleeve, a male screw, a thrust mechanism, a limit mechanism and a tension measuring instrument;

[0031] The rod body is fixedly installed with the thrust mechanism and the limit mechanism, the two ends of the rod body are threadedly installed with the female sleeve and the male screw, a tension measuring instrument is installed in the female sleeve, the thrust mechanism is located inside the pre-locking mechanism of the impact unit, and is used to push the sliding block of the anchor head to move toward the wedge plate of the anchor head during the anchoring force tensioning stage, and the limit mechanism is located outside the pre-locking mechanism of the impact unit, and is used to fix the position of the anchor head on the force transmission rod;

[0032] The anchor head and the impact unit slide on the dowel rod;

[0033] The force transmission rod is connected head-to-tail to realize the series connection of multiple anchoring units.

[0034] Optionally, the pressure bearing plate comprises: a round metal plate, a round tube, a stiffening rib and a reinforcing plate;

[0035] The circular metal plate has a middle hole, the circular tube is fixedly connected to the middle hole of the circular metal plate, the outer side of the circular tube is fixedly connected to the stiffening ribs, and the reinforcing plate is fixedly installed between the stiffening ribs.

[0036] Optionally, the calculation method of the reverse wedge angle of the anchor head includes:

[0037] According to the wedge plate, the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate is obtained by formula (1):

[0038] (1)

[0039] Where: is the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate, The front inside height of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled, The height of the rear inner side of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled. is the length of the wedge plate;

[0040] According to the sliding block, the outer wedge angle of the sliding block is obtained by formula (2):

[0041] (2)

[0042] Where: is the outer wedge angle of the slider, is the outer front height of the slider, is the outer height of the slider tail, is the length of the slider;

[0043] According to the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate and the outer wedge angle of the sliding block, the reverse wedge angle of the anchor head is obtained by formula (3):

[0044] (3)

[0045] Where: It is the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head.

[0046] Optionally, the maximum value calculation method of the anchoring force includes:

[0047] According to the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head, the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the anchor cable tension is obtained through formula (4):

[0048] (4)

[0049] Where: is the normal force on the wedge plate, is the anchor cable tension, is the friction coefficient between the wedge plate and the bedrock;

[0050] According to the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the tension of the anchor cable, the relationship between the shear force of the rock mass and the normal force on the wedge plate is obtained through formula (5) and formula (6):

[0051] (5)

[0052] (6)

[0053] Where: is the shear resistance of rock mass, is the cohesion of the bedrock, The radius of the tail of the outer side after the anchor head expands into an inverted wedge shape. is the friction angle of bedrock, is the length of the wedge plate;

[0054] According to the relationship between the shear resistance of the rock mass and the normal force on the wedge plate, the maximum anchoring force is obtained by formula (7):

[0055] (7)

[0056] Where: It is the maximum value of the anchoring force, that is, the maximum value of the anchor cable tension.

[0057] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for rapid anchoring of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass, which is implemented by an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device, and the method comprises:

[0058] S1. According to the rock mass parameters and the maximum anchoring force calculation method, the maximum anchoring force of each anchor head is obtained;

[0059] S2. According to the maximum value of the anchoring force of each anchor head, the prestress design value of each anchor head is obtained;

[0060] S3. According to the prestress design value of each anchor head, the number of anchor heads is obtained;

[0061] S4. According to the anchor unit assembly scheme and the number of anchor heads, assemble the dowel rod, the anchor head, the impact unit, the inner anchor unit and the anchor cable in sequence, and connect the dowel rod in sequence to obtain the internal anchor device;

[0062] S5. According to the internal anchoring device, compress the spring of the impact unit to the designed position to lock and release the retracting rod of the impact unit to obtain a locked anchoring device;

[0063] S6, placing the locked anchoring device into the bedrock borehole, triggering the impact units in sequence from the inside to the outside, so that the anchor head forms an inverted wedge structure, and obtaining the anchoring device in the bedrock borehole;

[0064] S7, according to the anchoring device in the bedrock borehole, passing the anchor cable of the internal anchoring device through the pressure plate to install the external anchoring unit, so as to obtain the anchoring device of the rock mass;

[0065] S8. Apply tension to the anchor cable to the prestress design value through the tensioning equipment and lock it to complete the rapid anchoring of the rock mass.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0067] The above scheme includes, on the one hand, an anchor head, an impact unit, a force transfer rod, an inner anchor unit, an anchor cable, an outer anchor unit, an anchoring force and a pressure plate. The impact unit is installed at the tail of the anchor head. The impact unit is used to impact the sliding block of the anchor head so that the wedge plate of the anchor head slides radially and rotates in the anchor head slide groove to form an inverted wedge structure. Then, the anchor cable is used to pull the sliding block of the anchor head so that the anchor head squeezes the bedrock borehole to form an anchoring force. Finally, a force transfer rod is used to pass through the anchor head and multiple anchor units are connected in series to form a large-tonnage anchoring system, which has the characteristics of fast installation speed, large tonnage, stability and durability. On the second hand, the anchor unit is expanded and pre-tightened in the bedrock borehole to achieve rapid installation without secondary tensioning, thereby reducing the construction process. On the third hand, the inverted wedge structure is formed by utilizing the stiffness difference between the metal and the rock mass, which gives full play to the strength advantage of the rock mass itself and is suitable for rapid rescue in the early stage of slope rock collapse and anchoring control of large deformation of surrounding rock in underground caverns. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0069] Figure 1 1. It is a schematic diagram of the installation of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an anchoring unit in which a sliding block of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention does not enter a wedge-shaped plate;

[0071] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the anchoring unit of the sliding block entering the wedge plate of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 4 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wedge plate of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of calculating the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate of an embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the outer wedge angle of the sliding block of an embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 72 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact unit of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 8 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dowel rod of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0077] Fig. 9 2. It is a front view of a pressure bearing plate of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0078] Fig.10 It is a right view of the pressure bearing plate of an embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0079] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pre-locking mechanism of an embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0080] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the unlocking process of the pre-locking device of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Fig.13 It is a flow chart of a method for calculating the inverted wedge angle of an anchor head of an inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Fig.14 It is a flow chart of a method for calculating the maximum value of the anchoring force of an embodiment of an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0083] Fig.15 The present invention is a flowchart of an embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring method.

[0084] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: anchor head 1, impact unit 2, force transmission rod 3, inner anchoring unit 4, anchor cable 5, outer anchoring unit 6, pressure plate 7, bedrock 8, dangerous rock mass 9, anchoring unit 10, positioning head 101, wedge plate 102, sliding block 103, long metal plate 201, spring 202, retracting rod 203, release rod 204, disc 205, pre-locking mechanism 206, locking plate 207, limiting bracket 208, rotating bracket 209, pull rope 210, rod body 301, female sleeve 302, male screw 303, thrust mechanism 304, limiting mechanism 305, tension measuring instrument 306, round metal plate 701, round tube 702, stiffening rib 703, reinforcement plate 704. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0086] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0087] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0088] like Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the installation of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass fast anchoring device embodiment of the present invention is shown. The present invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass fast anchoring device, which can implement an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass fast anchoring method. The device includes: an anchor head 1, an impact unit 2, a force transmission rod 3, an inner anchoring unit 4, an anchor cable 5, an outer anchoring unit 6, and a pressure plate 7;

[0089] An anchor head 1, used to contact the wall of the hole drilled in the bedrock 8 to provide anchoring force;

[0090] Specifically, Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the anchoring unit of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass quick anchoring device embodiment of the present invention, in which the sliding block does not enter the wedge-shaped plate, and Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the sliding block of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention entering the anchoring unit of the wedge-shaped plate is shown, and the anchor head 1 comprises:

[0091] A positioning head 101 is used to gather and position the wedge plate 102;

[0092] Furthermore, the structure of the positioning head 101 is a cylindrical structure, with a hole in the middle for the force transmission rod 3 to pass through, square holes on all sides, and openings on the outside of the square holes, which serve as slide grooves for the wedge plate 102. The sliding displacement and rotation angle of the wedge plate 102 can occur synchronously during the outward expansion process, and the anchor head 1 can adapt to the hardness of the rock mass to squeeze the rock mass to form an inverted wedge structure.

[0093] The wedge plate 102 is used to slide and rotate along the radial direction of the positioning head 101 under the support of the sliding block, and contact the bedrock 8, and use the interaction force between the wedge structure and the wall of the hole drilled in the bedrock 8 to provide the anchoring force for the anchor cable 5;

[0094] Furthermore, if Figure 4The structure diagram of the wedge plate of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention is shown in the figure. The cross section of the wedge plate 102 is a quarter of a circle, the outer side surface is an arc, the inner side surface is a plane, there is an inverted wedge-shaped anti-skid step along the outer side of the longitudinal section, and a protruding cylinder at the front end serves as a force transmission column for inserting into the slide groove of the positioning head 101. Then, during the expansion of the wedge plate 102 in all directions, it can both slide radially along the slide groove and rotate around the slide groove, so that the anchor head 1 forms an inverted wedge structure.

[0095] The sliding block 103 is used to be inserted into the wedge plate 102 to form an inverted wedge structure of the anchor head 1;

[0096] Furthermore, the wedge plate 102 is installed in the slide groove of the positioning head 101 to form a cylindrical hollow structure, and the sliding block 103 is installed in the cylindrical hollow structure of the wedge plate 102;

[0097] Specifically, Figure 5 The schematic diagram of calculating the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate of the embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 6 The schematic diagram of calculating the outer wedge angle of the sliding block of the embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Fig.13 The flowchart of the method for calculating the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method for calculating the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head includes:

[0098] According to the wedge plate 102, the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate is obtained by formula (1):

[0099] (1)

[0100] Where: is the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate, The front inside height of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled, The height of the rear inner side of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled. is the length of the wedge plate;

[0101] According to the sliding block 103, the outer wedge angle of the sliding block is obtained by formula (2):

[0102] (2)

[0103] Where: is the outer wedge angle of the slider, is the outer front height of the slider, is the outer height of the slider tail, is the length of the slider;

[0104] According to the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate and the outer wedge angle of the sliding block, the reverse wedge angle of the anchor head is obtained by formula (3):

[0105] (3)

[0106] Where: It is the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head.

[0107] The process of forming the inverted wedge-shaped structure of the anchor head 1 is divided into two stages:

[0108] In the anchor head pre-tightening stage, the impact force of the impact unit 2 on the sliding block 103 is used to support the wedge plate 102 on the hole wall of the bedrock 8.

[0109] During the anchoring force tensioning stage, the wedge plate 102 is locked to the wall of the hole drilled in the bedrock 8 by utilizing the pulling force exerted by the force transmission rod 3 on the sliding block 103 .

[0110] Specifically, Fig.14 The flowchart of the method for calculating the maximum value of the anchoring force of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the method for calculating the maximum value of the anchoring force includes:

[0111] According to the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head, the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the anchor cable tension is obtained through formula (4):

[0112] (4)

[0113] Where: is the normal force on the wedge plate, is the anchor cable tension, is the friction coefficient between the wedge plate and the bedrock;

[0114] According to the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the tension of the anchor cable, the relationship between the shear force of the rock mass and the normal force on the wedge plate is obtained through formula (5) and formula (6):

[0115] (5)

[0116] (6)

[0117] Where: is the shear resistance of rock mass, is the cohesion of the bedrock, The radius of the tail of the outer side after the anchor head expands into an inverted wedge shape. is the friction angle of bedrock, is the length of the wedge plate;

[0118] According to the relationship between the shear resistance of the rock mass and the normal force on the wedge plate, the maximum anchoring force is obtained by formula (7):

[0119] (7)

[0120] Where: It is the maximum value of the anchoring force, that is, the maximum value of the anchor cable tension.

[0121] According to the shear strength of the rock mass, the friction angle, and the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head, the maximum anchoring force that each anchor head can provide can be calculated using formula (7);

[0122] The anchor cable tension can be designed according to the maximum value of the anchoring force of the anchor head. The anchor cable tension is smaller than the maximum value of the anchoring force of the anchor head. The number of the anchor units 10 connected in series is determined according to the designed anchor cable tension.

[0123] The impact unit 2 is used to provide impact force and transmit kinetic energy through impact to achieve expansion of the anchor head 1, and is installed at the tail of the anchor head 1;

[0124] Specifically, Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the structure of the impact unit of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the impact unit 2 includes:

[0125] A reaction frame, used to provide the supporting reaction force required by the impact unit 2, so that the impact force can be effectively transmitted to the wedge plate 102 of the anchor head 1;

[0126] The spring 202 is used to provide the impact force to the sliding block 103 of the anchor head 1;

[0127] The retracting rod 203 is used to compress the spring 202 and lock the impact unit 2;

[0128] The pre-locking mechanism 206 is used to temporarily lock the spring 202 and trigger the impact unit 2 .

[0129] Furthermore, if Fig.11 The structural schematic diagram of the pre-locking mechanism of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the pre-locking mechanism 206 includes: a locking plate 207, a release rod 204, a rotating bracket 209, a limiting bracket 208 and a pull rope 210;

[0130] The first end of the locking plate 207 is connected to the pull rope 210. The locking plate 207 is rotatably connected to the rotating bracket 209 through a circular hole. The limiting bracket 208 is used to limit the rotation direction of the locking plate 207.

[0131] The first end of the release rod 204 is provided with a groove structure, and the groove structure is in close contact with the second end of the locking plate 207, and the second end of the release rod 204 is connected to the sliding block 103 of the anchor head 1;

[0132] The pre-locking mechanism 206 is used to replace the retracting rod 203. After locking the spring 202, the nut on the retracting rod 203 is removed, so that the retracting rod 203 loses its function, and the impact timing of the spring 202 is controlled by the pre-locking mechanism 206.

[0133] like Fig.12 The schematic diagram of the unlocking process of the pre-locking device of the embodiment of the inverted wedge expansion pre-tightening rock rapid anchoring device of the present invention is shown, one end of the pull rope 210 is connected to the first end of the locking plate 207, and the other end extends out of the rock borehole. By pulling the pull rope 210 outside the rock borehole, the locking plate 207 is rotated around the center of the arc, thereby causing the release rod 204 to detach from the locking plate 207.

[0134] The reaction frame includes: a long metal plate 201 and a disc 205;

[0135] The first end of the long metal plate 201 is connected to the second end screw hole of the wedge plate 102 of the anchor head 1, and the second end of the long metal plate 201 is connected to the side screw hole of the disc 205. The disc 205 has a middle hole, and there are holes on both sides of the middle hole, which respectively pass through the retracting rod 203 of the impact unit 2 and the release rod 204 of the impact unit 2.

[0136] A force transmission rod 3, used to connect the impact unit 2 with the anchor head 1, and the next force transmission rod;

[0137] Specifically, Figure 8 The structure diagram of the dowel rod of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention is shown, and the dowel rod 3 comprises: a rod body 301, a female sleeve 302, a male screw rod 303, a thrust mechanism 304, a limit mechanism 305 and a tension measuring instrument 306;

[0138] The rod body 301 is fixedly installed with the thrust mechanism 04 and the limit mechanism 305. The two ends of the rod body 301 are threadedly installed with the female sleeve 302 and the male screw 303. The female sleeve 302 is installed with a tension measuring instrument 306. The thrust mechanism 304 is located inside the pre-locking mechanism 206 of the impact unit 2 and is used to push the sliding block of the anchor head to move toward the wedge plate 102 of the anchor head 1 during the anchoring force tensioning stage. The limit mechanism 305 is located outside the pre-locking mechanism 206 of the impact unit 2 and is used to fix the position of the anchor head 1 on the force transmission rod 3.

[0139] The anchor head 1 and the impact unit 2 slide on the force transmission rod 3;

[0140] The force transmission rod 3 is connected head to tail to realize the series connection of multiple anchoring units 10;

[0141] Furthermore, the tension measuring instrument 306 in the innermost female sleeve 302 of the multiple force transmission rods 3 only monitors the anchoring force provided by the innermost anchor head, which is gradually accumulated from the bottom of the hole in the bedrock 8 to the hole mouth in the bedrock 8, that is, the tension measuring instrument 306 in the outermost female sleeve monitors the total anchoring force of multiple anchor heads, and the anchoring force provided by each anchor head can be obtained by subtracting it.

[0142] An inner anchoring unit 4, used to connect the anchor cable 1 and the outermost force transmission rod 3 of the bedrock 8 borehole;

[0143] The anchor cable 5 is used to connect the inner anchor unit 4 and the outer anchor unit 6 to transmit the anchoring force to the inside of the bedrock 8;

[0144] An external anchoring unit 6, used to connect the anchor cable 5, arranged outside the dangerous rock mass 9, and providing the anchoring force for the dangerous rock mass 9;

[0145] A pressure plate 7, used to disperse the pressure of the external anchoring unit 6 on the dangerous rock mass 9;

[0146] Specifically, Fig. 9 The front view of the pressure plate of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention and Fig.10 A right side view of the bearing plate of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device of the present invention;

[0147] The pressure plate 7 includes: a round metal plate 701, a round tube 702, a stiffening rib 703 and a reinforcing plate 704;

[0148] The circular metal plate 701 has a middle hole, the circular tube 702 is fixedly connected to the middle hole of the circular metal plate 701 , the outer side of the circular tube 702 is fixedly connected to the stiffening ribs 703 , and the reinforcing plates 704 are fixedly installed between the stiffening ribs 703 .

[0149] The anchor head 1 , the impact unit 2 and the force transmission rod 3 form an anchoring unit 10 .

[0150] like Fig.15 The flowchart of the embodiment of the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring method of the present invention is shown in FIG. The present invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring method, which is implemented by an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device, and the method comprises:

[0151] S1. According to the rock mass parameters and the maximum anchoring force calculation method, the maximum anchoring force of each anchor head is obtained;

[0152] S2. According to the maximum value of the anchoring force of each anchor head, the prestress design value of each anchor head is obtained;

[0153] S3. According to the prestress design value of each anchor head, the number of anchor heads is obtained;

[0154] S4. According to the anchor unit assembly scheme and the number of anchor heads, assemble the dowel rod, the anchor head, the impact unit, the inner anchor unit and the anchor cable in sequence, and connect the dowel rod in sequence to obtain the internal anchor device;

[0155] S5. According to the internal anchoring device, compress the spring of the impact unit to the designed position to lock and release the retracting rod of the impact unit to obtain a locked anchoring device;

[0156] S6, placing the locked anchoring device into the bedrock borehole, triggering the impact units in sequence from the inside to the outside, so that the anchor head forms an inverted wedge structure, and obtaining the anchoring device in the bedrock borehole;

[0157] S7, according to the anchoring device in the bedrock borehole, passing the anchor cable of the internal anchoring device through the pressure plate to install the external anchoring unit, so as to obtain the anchoring device of the rock mass;

[0158] S8. Apply tension to the anchor cable to the prestress design value through the tensioning equipment and lock it to complete the rapid anchoring of the rock mass.

[0159] The present invention provides an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening type rock mass rapid anchoring device and a control method. The invention comprises an anchor head, an impact unit, a force transmission rod, an inner anchoring unit, an anchor cable, an outer anchoring unit, an anchoring force and a pressure plate. The impact unit is installed at the tail of the anchor head. The impact unit is used to impact the sliding block of the anchor head so that the wedge plate of the anchor head slides radially and rotates in the anchor head slide groove to form an inverted wedge structure. Then, the anchor cable is used to pull the sliding block of the anchor head so that the anchor head squeezes the bedrock borehole to form an anchoring force. Finally, a force transmission rod is used to pass through the anchor head and multiple anchoring units are connected in series to form a large-tonnage anchoring system. The system has the characteristics of fast installation speed, large tonnage, stability and durability. Secondly, the anchor unit is expanded and pre-tightened in the bedrock borehole to achieve rapid installation without secondary tensioning, thereby reducing the construction process. Finally, the inverted wedge structure is formed by utilizing the stiffness difference between the metal and the rock mass, which gives full play to the strength advantage of the rock mass itself and is suitable for rapid rescue in the early stage of slope rock collapse and anchoring control of large deformation of surrounding rock in underground caverns.

[0160] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by the above embodiments and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention and the scope of the present invention. It is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An anchor head, used to contact the wall of the bedrock borehole to provide anchoring force; An impact unit, used to provide impact force, transfer kinetic energy through impact, realize expansion of the anchor head, and installed at the tail of the anchor head; A dowel rod, used to connect the impact unit with the anchor head and the next dowel rod; An inner anchoring unit, used for connecting the anchor cable and the outermost force transmission rod of the bedrock borehole; The anchor cable is used to connect the inner anchor unit and the outer anchor unit to transmit the anchoring force to the inside of the bedrock; An external anchoring unit, used to connect the anchor cable, arranged outside the dangerous rock mass, and providing the anchoring force for the dangerous rock mass; A pressure plate, used to disperse the pressure of the external anchoring unit on the dangerous rock mass; The anchor head, the impact unit and the force transmission rod form an anchoring unit.

2. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor head comprises: A positioning head, used for gathering and positioning the wedge plate; The wedge plate is used to slide and rotate along the radial direction of the positioning head under the support of the sliding block, and to contact the bedrock, and to provide the anchoring force for the anchor cable by using the interaction force between the wedge structure and the wall of the bedrock borehole; The sliding block is used to be inserted into the interior of the wedge-shaped plate so that the anchor head forms an inverted wedge-shaped structure; The process of forming the inverted wedge-shaped structure of the anchor head is divided into two stages: In the anchor head pre-tightening stage, the impact force of the impact unit on the sliding block is used to support the wedge plate on the hole wall of the bedrock borehole. In the anchoring force tensioning stage, the wedge plate is locked to the hole wall of the bedrock borehole by utilizing the tension of the force transmission rod on the sliding block.

3. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The impact unit comprises: A reaction frame, used to provide the supporting reaction force required by the impact unit, so that the impact force can be effectively transmitted to the wedge plate of the anchor head; A spring, used for providing the impact force to the sliding block of the anchor head; A retracting rod, used for compressing the spring and locking the impact unit; The pre-locking mechanism is used to temporarily lock the spring and trigger the impact unit.

4. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pre-locking mechanism comprises: a locking plate, a release rod, a rotating bracket, a limiting bracket and a pull rope; The first end of the locking plate is connected to the pull rope, the locking plate is rotatably connected to the rotating bracket through a circular hole, and the limiting bracket is used to limit the rotation direction of the locking plate. A groove structure is provided at the first end of the release rod, and the groove structure is in close contact with the second end of the locking plate. The second end of the release rod is connected to the sliding block of the anchor head.

5. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The reaction frame comprises: a long metal plate and a disc; The first end of the long metal plate is connected to the second end screw hole of the wedge plate of the anchor head, and the second end of the long metal plate is connected to the side screw hole of the disc. The disc has a middle hole, and holes are provided on both sides of the middle hole, through which the retracting rod and the release rod of the impact unit are respectively passed.

6. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The force transmission rod comprises: a rod body, a female sleeve, a male screw, a thrust mechanism, a limit mechanism and a tension measuring instrument; The thrust mechanism and the limit mechanism are fixedly installed on the rod body, the female sleeve and the male screw are threadedly installed on both ends of the rod body, a tension measuring instrument is installed in the female sleeve, the thrust mechanism is located on the inner side of the pre-locking mechanism of the impact unit, and is used to push the sliding block of the anchor head to move toward the wedge plate of the anchor head during the anchoring force tensioning stage, and the limit mechanism is located on the outer side of the pre-locking mechanism of the impact unit, and is used to fix the position of the anchor head on the force transmission rod; The anchor head and the impact unit slide on the force transmission rod; The force transmission rods are connected head to tail to realize the series connection of multiple anchoring units.

7. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure bearing plate comprises: a round metal plate, a round tube, a stiffening rib and a reinforcing plate; The circular metal plate has a middle hole, the circular tube is fixedly connected to the middle hole of the circular metal plate, the outer side of the circular tube is fixedly connected to the stiffening ribs, and the reinforcing plates are fixedly installed between the stiffening ribs.

8. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The calculation method of the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head comprises: According to the wedge plate, the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate is obtained by formula (1): （1） Where: is the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate, The front inside height of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled, The height of the rear inner side of the cross section after the wedge plate is assembled. is the length of the wedge plate; According to the sliding block, the outer wedge angle of the sliding block is obtained by formula (2): （2） Where: is the outer wedge angle of the slider, is the outer front height of the slider, is the outer height of the slider tail, is the length of the slider; According to the inner wedge angle of the wedge plate and the outer wedge angle of the sliding block, the reverse wedge angle of the anchor head is obtained by formula (3): （3） Where: It is the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head.

9. The inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rock mass rapid anchoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The maximum value calculation method of the anchoring force includes: According to the inverted wedge angle of the anchor head, the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the anchor cable tension is obtained by formula (4): （4） Where: is the normal force on the wedge plate, is the anchor cable tension, is the friction coefficient between the wedge plate and the bedrock; According to the relationship between the normal force on the wedge plate and the tension of the anchor cable, the relationship between the shear force of the rock mass and the normal force on the wedge plate is obtained by formula (5) and formula (6): （5） （6） Where: is the shear resistance of rock mass, is the cohesion of the bedrock, The radius of the tail of the outer side after the anchor head expands into an inverted wedge shape. is the friction angle of bedrock, is the length of the wedge plate; According to the relationship between the rock mass shear resistance and the normal force on the wedge plate, the maximum anchoring force is obtained by formula (7): （7） Where: It is the maximum value of the anchoring force, that is, the maximum value of the anchor cable tension.

10. A method for rapid rock anchoring with an inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening method, which is implemented by the inverted wedge-shaped expansion pre-tightening rapid rock anchoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. According to the rock mass parameters and the maximum anchoring force calculation method, the maximum anchoring force of each anchor head is obtained; S2. according to the maximum value of the anchoring force of each anchor head, obtain the prestress design value of each anchor head; S3. Obtaining the number of anchor heads according to the prestress design value of each anchor head; S4, according to the anchor unit assembly scheme and the number of anchor heads, assemble the dowel rod, the anchor head, the impact unit, the inner anchor unit and the anchor cable in sequence, and connect the dowel rods in sequence to obtain the internal anchor device; S5. According to the internal anchoring device, compress the spring of the impact unit to the designed position to lock and release the retracting rod of the impact unit to obtain a locked anchoring device; S6, placing the locked anchoring device into a bedrock borehole, triggering the impact units in sequence from the inside to the outside, so that the anchor head forms an inverted wedge structure, and obtaining an anchoring device in the bedrock borehole; S7, according to the anchoring device in the bedrock borehole, passing the anchor cable of the internal anchoring device through the pressure plate to install the external anchoring unit, so as to obtain the anchoring device of the rock mass; S8. Apply tension to the anchor cable to the prestressed design value through tensioning equipment and lock it to complete the rapid anchoring of the rock mass.

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