Harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst
Through a harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst, the preparation, pretreatment, addition of reducing agents, addition of alkaline oxides, melting and separation steps are used to solve the problems of low efficiency and environmental pollution in the traditional separation method, and the efficient, environmentally friendly and economical separation effect of nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411868187.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
The traditional separation methods of metal nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials have problems such as low efficiency, high cost and unsatisfactory separation effects, and chemical separation methods may introduce new impurities or cause pollution to the environment.
A harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst is adopted, through the steps of raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding reducing agents, adding alkaline oxides, melting and separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials, the physical properties separation is performed using the density differences of different substances to achieve efficient separation of nickel.
It has achieved an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical separation process between metal nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials, with a simple process, which is conducive to implementation and promotion, and avoids environmental pollution problems caused by chemical separation.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, and in particular to a harmless utilization process of waste catalyst containing nickel. Background Art
[0002] In the smelting process of nickel metal, there is often the presence of metallurgical auxiliary materials, which may form a complex mixture with nickel metal, affecting the purity of nickel metal and subsequent processing and use. Traditional separation methods have problems such as low efficiency, high cost, and unsatisfactory separation effect. For example, some physical separation methods may not be able to completely separate fine particles of impurities, while chemical separation methods may introduce new impurities or cause pollution to the environment. With the continuous improvement of the purity requirements of nickel metal and the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, it is of great significance to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical separation process for nickel metal and metallurgical auxiliary materials. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technology. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
[0004] A harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalysts, comprising the following steps: raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding a reducing agent, adding an alkaline oxide, melting, separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials,
[0005] S1. Collect waste catalysts, which usually come from chemical production processes, such as hydrogenation reactions in petrochemicals, and contain valuable metal components such as nickel;
[0006] S2, pre-treating the waste catalyst, including cleaning to remove impurities such as oil, dust, etc. on the surface, and then drying it;
[0007] S3, select a suitable reducing agent, crush the coke into a suitable particle size, make it fully mixed with the spent catalyst, and add the reducing agent according to a certain stoichiometric ratio;
[0008] S4. Slowly add the alkaline oxide to the reaction system in which the reducing agent and the waste catalyst have been mixed, stirring while adding to ensure uniform distribution. The alkaline oxide can play a role in adjusting the slag composition and lowering the melting point in the subsequent melting process;
[0009] S5, transferring the mixture after the reducing agent and the alkaline oxide are added to a high-temperature furnace for melting;
[0010] S6. After melting, different substances are separated by using their physical properties such as density differences. Nickel has a relatively large density and will settle to the bottom, while the formed slag floats on the surface. Through a specific device, the nickel metal liquid is collected in a container and cooled and solidified to obtain nickel metal. The slag can be discharged from the top of the furnace for subsequent processing or recycling of other components.
[0011] Preferably, the mixing process in S3 is carried out in a specific reaction container, and the reducing agent and the waste catalyst are uniformly mixed by mechanical stirring or the like.
[0012] Preferably, a suitable alkaline oxide (calcium oxide) is selected in S4, and the amount of the added alkaline oxide also needs to be precisely controlled according to the composition of the waste catalyst and the expected reaction.
[0013] Preferably, the furnace in S5 needs to be preheated to a suitable temperature in advance, and the temperature is controlled at about 1000-1500°C.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0015] The present invention discloses a harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst. Through scientific and technological means, a series of technical means such as raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding a reducing agent, adding an alkaline oxide, melting, separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials are adopted to realize an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical separation process of metallic nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials. The process method is simple in flow and is conducive to implementation and promotion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.
[0017] Embodiment 1: To solve the technical problems in the background technology, a harmless utilization process of waste nickel-containing catalyst is provided as follows:
[0018] The present invention provides a harmless utilization process for nickel-containing waste catalysts, comprising the following steps: raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding a reducing agent, adding alkaline oxides, melting, separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials, collecting waste catalysts, which are usually from chemical production processes, such as hydrogenation reactions in petrochemicals, etc., and contain valuable metal components such as nickel, but also contain other impurity components. The waste catalysts are pretreated, including cleaning to remove impurities such as oil stains and dust on the surface, and then drying to make the waste catalysts reach a suitable state for subsequent steps. A suitable reducing agent is selected, which can be coke, hydrogen or some active metals. If coke is used, it needs to be crushed into a suitable particle size so that it can be fully mixed and contacted with the waste catalyst. The reducing agent is added according to a certain stoichiometric ratio based on the nickel content in the waste catalyst and the properties of other components. The mixing process is carried out in a specific reaction container, and the reducing agent and the waste catalyst are evenly mixed by mechanical stirring and the like. This step must ensure sufficient mixing to ensure the efficiency of the subsequent reduction reaction, and the reaction container needs to be well sealed to prevent the reducing agent from leaking or unnecessary contact with the air. The reaction is carried out by slowly adding the alkaline oxide to the reaction system where the reducing agent and the waste catalyst have been mixed, stirring while adding to ensure uniform distribution. The alkaline oxide can play a role in adjusting the slag composition and lowering the melting point in the subsequent melting process. Select a suitable alkaline oxide, such as calcium oxide, and the amount of alkaline oxide added also needs to be precisely controlled according to the composition of the waste catalyst and the expected reaction. The mixture after the reducing agent and the addition of the alkaline oxide is transferred to a high-temperature furnace for melting. The furnace needs to be preheated to a suitable temperature in advance. This temperature is determined according to the melting point and other properties of the mixture. Generally, a higher temperature is required, which may be around 1000-1500°C. After the melting is completed, the physical properties such as the density difference of different substances are used for separation. Nickel has a relatively large density and will settle to the bottom, while the formed slag (including impurities such as metallurgical auxiliary materials) floats on it. Through a specific device, such as a siphon device or a bottom discharge port, the nickel metal liquid is collected in a container, and nickel metal is obtained after cooling and solidification, while the slag can be discharged from the upper part of the furnace for subsequent treatment or recycling of other components therein.
[0019] Embodiment 2: To solve the technical problems in the background technology, a harmless utilization process of waste nickel-containing catalyst is provided as follows:
[0020] The present invention provides a harmless utilization process for nickel-containing waste catalysts, comprising the following steps: raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding a reducing agent, adding alkaline oxides, melting, separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials, collecting waste catalysts, which are usually from chemical production processes, such as petrochemical hydrogenation reactions, etc., and contain valuable metal components such as nickel, but also contain other impurity components. The waste catalysts are pretreated, including cleaning to remove impurities such as oil stains and dust on the surface, and then drying to make the waste catalysts reach a suitable state for subsequent steps. A suitable reducing agent is selected, which can be coke, hydrogen or some active metals. If coke is used, it needs to be crushed into a suitable particle size so that it can be fully mixed and contacted with the waste catalyst. The reducing agent is added according to a certain stoichiometric ratio based on the nickel content and the properties of other components in the waste catalyst. The mixing process is carried out in a specific reaction container and is stirred mechanically. The reducing agent and the waste catalyst are evenly mixed. This step must ensure that they are fully mixed to ensure the efficiency of the subsequent reduction reaction, and the reaction container needs to be well sealed to prevent the reducing agent from leaking or unnecessary reaction with the air. The alkaline oxide is slowly added to the reaction system where the reducing agent and the waste catalyst have been mixed, stirring while adding to ensure uniform distribution. The alkaline oxide can play a role in adjusting the slag composition and lowering the melting point in the subsequent melting process. Suitable alkaline oxides, such as calcium oxide, are selected. The amount of alkaline oxide added also needs to be precisely controlled according to the composition of the waste catalyst and the expected reaction. The mixture with the reducing agent and the alkaline oxide is transferred to a high-temperature furnace for melting. The furnace needs to be preheated to a suitable temperature in advance. This temperature is determined according to the melting point and other properties of the mixture. Generally, a higher temperature is required, which may be around 1000-1500°C. During the melting process, the temperature and furnace atmosphere must be strictly controlled. Inert gas protection can be used to prevent metals such as nickel from being oxidized. At the same time, the melt is continuously stirred to make the reaction more complete, so that target metals such as nickel can be separated from the waste catalyst as much as possible to form different phases with other components. After the melting is completed, the physical properties such as the density difference of different substances are used for separation. The density of nickel is relatively large and it will settle to the bottom, while the formed slag floats on the surface. Through specific devices, such as a siphon device or a bottom discharge port, the nickel metal liquid is collected in a container, and nickel metal is obtained after cooling and solidification, while the slag can be discharged from the upper part of the furnace for subsequent treatment or recycling of other components therein. Through specific devices, such as a siphon device or a bottom discharge port, the nickel metal liquid is collected in a container, and nickel metal is obtained after cooling and solidification, while the slag can be discharged from the upper part of the furnace for subsequent treatment or recycling of other components therein.
[0021] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A process for harmless utilization of nickel-containing waste catalyst, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Raw material preparation, pretreatment, adding reducing agent, adding alkaline oxide, melting, separating nickel and metallurgical auxiliary materials, S1, collecting waste catalysts, which usually come from chemical production processes, such as hydrogenation reactions in petrochemicals, etc., and contain valuable metal components such as nickel; S2, pre-treating the waste catalyst, including cleaning to remove impurities such as oil, dust, etc. on the surface, and then drying it; S3, select a suitable reducing agent, crush the coke into a suitable particle size, make it fully mixed with the spent catalyst, and add the reducing agent according to a certain stoichiometric ratio; S4. Slowly add the alkaline oxide to the reaction system in which the reducing agent and the waste catalyst have been mixed, stirring while adding to ensure uniform distribution. The alkaline oxide can play a role in adjusting the slag composition and lowering the melting point in the subsequent melting process; S5, transferring the mixture after the reducing agent and the alkaline oxide are added to a high-temperature furnace for melting; S6. After melting, different substances are separated by using their physical properties such as density differences. Nickel has a relatively large density and will settle to the bottom, while the formed slag floats on the surface. Through a specific device, the nickel metal liquid is collected in a container and cooled and solidified to obtain nickel metal. The slag can be discharged from the top of the furnace for subsequent processing or recycling of other components.
2. The harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing process in S3 is carried out in a specific reaction container, and the reducing agent and the waste catalyst are uniformly mixed by mechanical stirring or the like.
3. The harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, a suitable alkaline oxide (calcium oxide) is selected, and the amount of the added alkaline oxide also needs to be precisely controlled according to the composition of the waste catalyst and the expected reaction.
4. The harmless utilization process of nickel-containing waste catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace in S5 needs to be preheated to a suitable temperature in advance, and the temperature is controlled at about 1000-1500°C.