Simulation test device and method for freezing injury of tunnel in cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold region tunnel freezing damage simulation test device and method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel model tests. The simulation test device comprises a test box and a tunnel model cooperatively installed in the test box. A temperature and humidity control system is arranged in the test box; the tunnel model comprises a model body and a simulation covering layer covering the outer side wall of the model body, and the thickness of the simulation covering layer is gradually increased from the two ends of the model body to the middle part. The internal temperature change rule of the tunnel model at each temperature is detected by controlling the temperature of the test box, meanwhile, the climbing sections with different gradients are arranged to simulate covering layers with different gradients above an existing tunnel, and the internal temperature change rule of the tunnel model at each temperature is detected by correspondingly detecting the interiors of the climbing sections with different gradients. And obtaining the relationship between the internal temperature change of the tunnel model and the gradient and thickness of the external covering layer of the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel model tests, and in particular relates to a cold region tunnel freezing damage simulation test device and a cold region tunnel freezing damage simulation test method. Background Art

[0002] A large amount of frost damage data shows that the frost damage problem in tunnels in high-cold areas has always been a problem that has plagued the development of tunnel projects in high-cold areas at home and abroad. Temperature is a prerequisite for the occurrence of frost damage. In order to solve the frost damage problem, we should first understand the changing law of the temperature field in tunnels in high-cold areas. Temperature is the main cause of frost damage in tunnels in high-cold areas. At present, the entire industry lacks measured data on the temperature of railway tunnels under long-term operating conditions, as well as research on the changing law of the temperature field under the influence of many factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the changing law of the temperature field in railway tunnels in high-cold areas.

[0003] For example, Chinese utility model patent 201520669627.6 discloses an indoor test device for cold-region tunnels, including a tunnel structure simulation component and a heat preservation component. The tunnel structure simulation component simulates the structure and shape of the tunnel, and the heat preservation component is arranged at both ends of the tunnel simulation component. The heat preservation component and the tunnel structure simulation component enclose a sealed cavity; the tunnel structure simulation component includes a heat preservation layer, a secondary lining layer, a waterproof layer, an initial support layer, a surrounding rock layer, a temperature control layer and an insulation layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The present invention can simulate the temperature field of the tunnel under the electric heating system, thereby providing a basis for the heat preservation design of cold-region tunnels, and can also optimize the design parameters of the heat preservation layer and the heating cable. The indoor test device for cold-region tunnels in the above technology detects the temperature field changes in the tunnel by simulating the environment of a tunnel. The device only considers the influence of the tunnel ground temperature on the tunnel temperature, and does not consider other factors affecting the temperature field in the tunnel.

[0004] For example, CN205317708U discloses a test device for heat transfer between surrounding rock and wind flow in cold-region tunnels, including a tunnel simulation component, wherein the tunnel simulation component includes a retaining wall, artificial fill filled in the retaining wall, and a tunnel arranged in the artificial fill, and also includes a refrigeration system, wherein the refrigeration system is used to cool air, and the cooled air is injected into the tunnel from either end of the tunnel through a pipe and / or a fan; and also includes a first thermometer and a second thermometer, wherein the temperature measuring point of the first thermometer is located in the tunnel, and the temperature measuring point of the second thermometer is located in the artificial fill; and CN116086939A discloses The test system for simulating the three-dimensional stress field and cyclic freeze-thaw environment of the tunnel entrance in cold regions includes a tunnel model, a rigid-flexible combined boundary control system, a geothermal control system, a refrigeration control system, a loading system and a data measurement and acquisition system. The tunnel model includes a box, an insulation layer, an insulation sleeve, a lining and surrounding rock. The rigid-flexible combined boundary control system includes springs, thin steel plates and thick steel plates. The data measurement and acquisition system includes multiple temperature sensors, multiple strain gauges, multiple pressure boxes and a data collector. Both documents determine the temperature change pattern inside the tunnel by ventilating one end of the tunnel and detecting the preset temperature detection module in the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device, which detects the temperature change law inside the tunnel model at various temperatures by controlling the temperature of the test box, and simulates the covering layers with different slopes above the existing tunnel by setting climbing sections with different slopes. By correspondingly detecting the inside of the climbing sections with different slopes, the relationship between the temperature change inside the tunnel model and the slope and thickness of the covering layer outside the tunnel is obtained, which solves the problem proposed in the existing background technology that only the influence of the tunnel ground temperature on the tunnel temperature is considered, and other factors affecting the temperature field in the tunnel are not considered.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention is a cold-region tunnel frost damage simulation test device, comprising a test box and a tunnel model installed in the test box; a temperature and humidity control system is arranged in the test box; the tunnel model comprises a model body and a simulation covering layer covering the outer wall of the model body, the thickness of the simulation covering layer gradually increases from the two ends to the middle of the model body; the simulation covering layer located at one end of the model body forms a first climbing section and a second climbing section from the end to the middle, and the simulation covering layer located at the other end of the model body forms a third climbing section and a fourth climbing section from the end to the middle; the slope length and slope gradient of the first climbing section and the third climbing section are the same; the slope length and slope gradient of the second climbing section are less than the slope length of the fourth climbing section, and the slope gradient of the second climbing section is greater than the slope gradient of the fourth climbing section.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the test box includes a bottom plate and a top cover which is sealed and arranged above the bottom plate, an observation port is arranged on the top of the top cover, and a double-layer insulation glass is installed at the observation port; the bottom plate and the top cover are both made of insulation board materials, and the insulation board materials include two outer aluminum plate layers located on the outside, two foam material insulation layers located between the two outer aluminum plate layers, and an insulation cotton layer filled between the two foam material insulation layers.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a temperature detection system is arranged inside the model body; the temperature detection system includes four temperature detection units respectively arranged at the first climbing section, the second climbing section, the third climbing section and the fourth climbing section, and the temperature detection unit includes a plurality of temperature detection mechanisms arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the model body; the temperature detection mechanism includes a pipeline pre-buried in the top side surface of the model body, the length direction of the pipeline is perpendicular to the length direction of the model body, and the two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected to the detection chamber and the detection auxiliary chamber arranged on both sides of the model body; the top of the detection chamber is connected to the pipeline and is provided with a temperature sensor A, the bottom of the detection chamber is connected to a driving mechanism A, and the end of the driving mechanism A is driven and connected to a piston A that moves along the inner wall of the detection chamber; a piston B is slidably arranged inside the detection auxiliary chamber, and a driving mechanism B that drives the piston B to move is also arranged in the detection auxiliary chamber; the volumes of the detection chamber and the detection auxiliary chamber are both larger than the volume of the pipeline.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the drive mechanism B and the drive mechanism A have the same structure, both of which are inner sleeves and outer sleeves that are sealed and sleeved with each other. The drive mechanism B included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline A, and the drive mechanism B included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline B; the gas supply main pipeline A and the gas supply main pipeline B are respectively connected to the two ends of a gas supply device;

[0011] Among them, the air supply device includes two piston cylinders which are respectively connected to the air supply main pipeline A and the air supply main pipeline B, and a piston plate which moves along the inside of the piston cylinder is arranged inside the piston cylinder; a U-shaped frame is arranged directly above the two piston cylinders, and an electric telescopic mechanism with an end connected to the top of a piston plate is arranged on the top side surface of the U-shaped frame, and a traction rope is connected to the piston plate, and one end of the traction rope passes through a pulley arranged on the U-shaped frame and is connected to a connecting block connected to the other piston plate.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, supporting bosses for limiting the position are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, a thermal insulation sealing block is arranged at one end of the model body, a vent A is arranged on the thermal insulation sealing block, and a vent B which is connected with the vent A is arranged at one end of the top cover; at least two adjusting bolts are threadedly penetrated at the other end of the top cover, and the ends of the adjusting bolts abut against a thermal insulation sealing block which is sealed with the model body on one side.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the temperature and humidity control system includes a temperature sensor B and a humidity sensor arranged on both sides of the test box, air inlets are arranged at both ends of the top of the test box, and return air outlets are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the test box, the air inlets and return air outlets are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel model, and an atomizing humidification nozzle is also arranged on the top of the test box; the temperature and humidity control system also includes a refrigeration unit, which includes a controller, a compressor, a condenser, a capillary and an evaporator; the output end of the evaporator is connected to the air inlet with an outlet duct provided with an air duct valve A; the input end of the compressor is connected to the return air duct with an air duct valve B; the controller is connected to the compressor, the air duct valve A, the air duct valve B, the atomizing humidification nozzle, the temperature sensor B and the humidity sensor.

[0014] A method for simulating freezing damage in cold-region tunnels, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, constructing a tunnel model, and assembling the tunnel model into a test box;

[0016] Step 2: Control the temperature and humidity control system to let air in through the air inlet at one end of the test chamber. After the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, read the readings of each temperature sensor A in the temperature detection system and record them;

[0017] Step 3, the constant temperature is maintained for a period of time t, and the readings of each temperature sensor A are recorded once every interval t0 during the period of time t. After the period of time t, the tunnel model is taken out and observed and tested;

[0018] Step 4: Assemble the new tunnel model into the test chamber, change the temperature setting value from T1 to T0, and repeat steps 2 and 3;

[0019] Step 5: By analyzing step 4 and step 3, the relationship between the antifreeze damage of the tunnel model and the temperature is obtained, and the function A is generated by computer with the observation and test results of the tunnel model as the ordinate and the temperature setting value as the abscissa.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2, the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to intake air through the air inlet provided at the other end of the test box; or the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to intake air synchronously through the air inlets at both ends of the test box, and function B and function C are obtained synchronously respectively.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0022] Step 01, construct a tunnel model, and assemble the tunnel model into a test box;

[0023] Step 02, control the temperature and humidity control system to let air in through the air inlet at one end of the test chamber. After the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, the humidity in the test chamber is controlled to W1 through the humidity sensor and the atomizing humidification nozzle. At this time, the readings of each temperature sensor A in the temperature detection system are read and recorded;

[0024] Step 03, maintain constant temperature and humidity for t time, and record the reading of each temperature sensor A every interval t0 during the t time. After the t time, take out the tunnel model and observe and test the tunnel model;

[0025] Step 04, install a new tunnel model into the test chamber, control the humidity setting value from W1 to W0, and repeat steps 02 and 03;

[0026] Step 05: By analyzing step 04 and step 03, the relationship between the antifreeze damage of the tunnel model and humidity is obtained, and the function D is generated by computer with the observation and test results of the tunnel model as the vertical coordinate and the humidity as the horizontal coordinate.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, before taking a reading, the temperature sensor A controls the driving mechanism B to extend and controls the driving mechanism A to retract, so as to drive the gas in the detection auxiliary chamber to be blown into the pipeline, and the gas in the pipeline to be blown into the detection chamber; after the detection is completed, the driving mechanism A is controlled to extend and the driving mechanism B is controlled to retract, so as to drive the body in the detection chamber to be blown into the pipeline, and the gas in the pipeline to be blown into the detection auxiliary chamber.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention controls the temperature of the test box to detect the temperature change law inside the tunnel model at various temperatures. At the same time, climbing sections with different slopes are set to simulate the covering layers with different slopes above the existing tunnel. By detecting the corresponding interiors of the climbing sections with different slopes, the relationship between the temperature change inside the tunnel model and the slope and thickness of the covering layer outside the tunnel is obtained.

[0030] 2. The present invention can control and lower the temperature inside the test box by blowing cold air into the test box from any air inlet on the top of the test box or from both air inlets at the same time; and by letting air in from one air inlet and letting air in from two air inlets, and then combining the test results, it can be judged whether the selection of the air inlet direction in the actual experimental process is relevant to the test results.

[0031] 3. When the present invention is in use, before taking a reading, the temperature sensor A controls the driving mechanism B to extend and controls the driving mechanism A to retract, so as to drive the gas in the detection auxiliary chamber to be blown into the pipeline, and the gas in the pipeline to be blown into the detection chamber; after the detection is completed, the driving mechanism A is controlled to extend and the driving mechanism B is controlled to retract, so as to drive the body in the detection chamber to be blown into the pipeline, and the gas in the pipeline to be blown into the detection auxiliary chamber; by using the above-mentioned arrangement, it is ensured that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor A is the temperature at the corresponding node; at the same time, in the present invention, the overall shape of the pipeline is similar to the end face of the model body, that is, the pipeline realizes temperature detection at any position at the corresponding node, avoiding the problem of one-sided temperature detection that may exist in the traditional method of directly installing the temperature sensor at any position of the model body.

[0032] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main view of

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at AA;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal insulation board of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature detection mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection auxiliary bin of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection chamber of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the gas supply system of the gas supply device of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas supply device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0046] See also Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention is a cold region tunnel freezing damage simulation test device, comprising a test box 1 and a tunnel model 2 installed in the test box 1; the test box 1 is provided with a temperature and humidity control system, and a temperature detection system arranged in the model body 20;

[0047] In the present invention, the temperature and humidity control system includes a temperature sensor B and a humidity sensor arranged on both sides of the test box 1, air inlets 15 are arranged at both ends of the top of the test box 1, and return air outlets 16 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the test box 1. The air inlet 15 and the return air outlet 16 are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel model 2, and an atomizing humidifying nozzle is also arranged on the top of the test box 1; the temperature and humidity control system also includes a refrigeration unit, which includes a controller, a compressor, a condenser, a capillary and an evaporator; the output end of the evaporator is connected to the air inlet 15 to provide an outlet duct with an air duct valve A; the input end of the compressor is connected to the return air outlet 16 to provide a return air duct with an air duct valve B; the controller connects the compressor, the air duct valve A, the air duct valve B, the atomizing humidifying nozzle, the temperature sensor B and the humidity sensor.

[0048] In the present invention, a cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test method comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1, constructing a tunnel model 2, and assembling the tunnel model 2 into the test box 1;

[0050] Step 2, control the temperature and humidity control system to let air in through the air inlet 15 at one end of the test box 1, and after the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, read the readings of each temperature sensor A230 in the temperature detection system and record them;

[0051] Step 3, the constant temperature is maintained for a period of time t, and the readings of each temperature sensor A230 are recorded once at intervals t0 during the period of time t. After the period of time t, the tunnel model 2 is taken out and the tunnel model 2 is observed and tested;

[0052] Step 4, take the new tunnel model 2 and assemble it into the test box 1, control the temperature setting value from T1 to T0, and repeat steps 2 and 3;

[0053] Step 5: By analyzing step 4 and step 3, the relationship between the antifreeze damage and temperature of the tunnel model 2 is obtained, and the function A is generated by computer with the observation and detection results of the tunnel model 2 as the ordinate and the temperature setting value as the abscissa.

[0054] At the same time in step 2, the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to intake air through the air inlet 15 provided at the other end of the test box 1; or the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to intake air synchronously through the air inlets 15 at both ends of the test box 1, and function B and function C are obtained synchronously respectively.

[0055] The present invention can blow cold air into the interior of the test box 1 from any one air inlet 15 on the top of the test box 1 or from both air inlets 15 at the same time, thereby controlling and lowering the temperature inside the test box 1; and by letting air in from one air inlet 15 and letting air in from two air inlets 15, and then combining the test results, it is determined whether the selection of the air inlet direction in the actual experimental process is relevant to the test results.

[0056] In the above, the conduction of the air inlet 15 at the top of the test box 1 is achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the air duct valve A in the corresponding air outlet duct and the air duct valve B in the corresponding air return duct, that is, the regulation of the air inlet direction at the top of the test box 1 is completed.

[0057] At the same time, on the basis of the above, the influence of the internal humidity of the test box 1 on the internal temperature change of the tunnel model 2 can be studied when the test box 1 is in a constant temperature state. Based on this purpose, another cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test method is provided, including the following steps:

[0058] Step 01, construct a tunnel model 2, and assemble the tunnel model 2 into the test box 1;

[0059] Step 02, control the temperature and humidity control system to let in air through the air inlet 15 at one end of the test box 1. After the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, the humidity in the test box 1 is controlled to be W1 through the humidity sensor and the atomizing humidification nozzle. At this time, the readings of each temperature sensor A230 in the temperature detection system are read and recorded;

[0060] Step 03, maintain constant temperature and humidity for t time, and record the reading of each temperature sensor A230 every interval t0 during the t time. After the t time, take out the tunnel model 2 and observe and test the tunnel model 2;

[0061] Step 04, take the new tunnel model 2 and assemble it into the test box 1, control the humidity setting value from W1 to W0, and repeat steps 02 and 03;

[0062] Step 05: By analyzing step 04 and step 03, the relationship between the antifreeze damage and humidity of the tunnel model 2 is obtained, and the function D is generated by computer with the observation and test results of the tunnel model 2 as the ordinate and the humidity as the abscissa.

[0063] It can be understood that, in some possible implementations, the tunnel model 2 includes a model body 20, and a simulated covering layer 21 covering the outer wall of the model body 20, and the thickness of the simulated covering layer 21 gradually increases from the two ends to the middle of the model body 20; the simulated covering layer 21 located at one end of the model body 20 forms a first climbing section 201 and a second climbing section 202 from the end to the middle, and the simulated covering layer 21 located at the other end of the model body 20 forms a third climbing section 203 and a fourth climbing section 204 from the end to the middle. 4; the first climbing section 201 and the third climbing section 203 have the same slope length and gradient; the second climbing section 202 and the fourth climbing section 204 have the same slope length, and the gradient of the second climbing section 202 is greater than the gradient of the fourth climbing section 204; the temperature detection system includes four temperature detection units respectively arranged at the first climbing section 201, the second climbing section 202, the third climbing section 203 and the fourth climbing section 204, and the temperature detection unit includes a plurality of temperature detection mechanisms arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the model body 20.

[0064] In this embodiment, by setting the first climbing section 201 and the second climbing section 202 to have the same length and slope, it is achieved during the test that when the test box 1 is in a constant temperature state, when the tunnel model 2 inside the test box 1 completes the cooling process, at any same time node, the end of the first climbing section 201, that is, the initial section of the second climbing section 202, corresponds to the temperature node A, and the end of the third climbing section 203, that is, the initial section of the fourth climbing section 204, corresponds to the temperature node B, which ensures that at any time node, the temperatures corresponding to the temperature nodes A and B are the same.

[0065] At the same time, in this embodiment, the second climbing section 202 and the fourth climbing section 204 are set to have different lengths and different slopes. In combination with the first climbing section 201 and the second climbing section 202 being set to have the same length and slope, the second climbing section 202 and the fourth climbing section 204 are ensured to have the same initial state during the cold process during the same experimental process, and then the regular analysis of temperature changes and slopes is achieved through continuous constant temperature.

[0066] It can be understood that in some possible embodiments, the test box 1 includes a bottom plate 10, a top cover 11 sealed and arranged above the bottom plate 10, an observation port 110 is arranged on the top cover 11, and a double-layer insulation glass is installed at the observation port 110; the bottom plate 10 and the top cover 11 are both made of insulation board materials, such as Figure 5 The insulation board includes two outer aluminum plate layers 10a located on the outside, two foam material insulation layers 10b located between the two outer aluminum plate layers 10a, and an insulation cotton layer 10c filled between the two foam material insulation layers 10b. The insulation board composed of the outer aluminum plate layers 10a, the foam material insulation layers 10b and the insulation cotton layers 10c can avoid the impact of ambient temperature changes on the internal temperature of the test box 1 during the experiment. At the same time, the setting of the observation port 110 makes it convenient to observe the installation status of the model body 20 on the bottom plate 10 during use.

[0067] Specifically, Figure 1 and 4In the present invention, support bosses 101 for limiting the position are provided on both sides of the bottom plate 10, a heat-insulating sealing block 12 is provided at one end of the model body 20, a vent A121 is provided on the heat-insulating sealing block 12, and a vent B111 which is connected with the vent A121 is provided at one end of the top cover 11; two adjusting bolts 13 are threadedly provided at the other end of the top cover 11, and the ends of the adjusting bolts 13 abut against a heat-insulating sealing block 14 which is sealed with the model body 20 on one side; during installation, the model body 20 is first placed in the area formed by the two support bosses 101, and the heat-insulating sealing blocks 12 and the heat-insulating sealing blocks 14 are respectively placed at both ends of the model body 20, and then the top cover 11 is assembled on the bottom plate 10, and the two adjusting bolts 13 are controlled to rotate slowly and almost synchronously, so that the adjusting bolts 13 are used to abut against the heat-insulating sealing block 14 to drive the model body 20 to move to the side close to the heat-insulating sealing block 12, and the heat-insulating sealing block 12 is abutted by the model body 20. Drive the insulation sealing block 12 to move toward a side wall of the top cover 11 where the vent B111 is provided until both sides of the insulation sealing block 12 are in sealing contact with the top cover 11 and the model body 20 respectively, and the insulation sealing block 14 is sealed and assembled to one end of the model body 20.

[0068] In the above, through the setting of the vent B111 and the vent A121, when the temperature changes inside the model body 20, due to the thermal expansion and contraction properties of the gas, the model body 20 is kept connected to the environment through the vent B111 and the vent A121. In the present invention, a second cotton ball for flow blocking can be set at the vent B111 and / or the vent A121 to avoid excessive gas exchange while ensuring ventilation.

[0069] It is understandable that in some possible implementations; Figure 4 and 6 The temperature detection mechanism includes a pipe 22 pre-buried in the top side of the model body 20, the length direction of the pipe 22 is perpendicular to the length direction of the model body 20, and the two ends of the pipe 22 are respectively connected to the detection chamber 23 and the detection auxiliary chamber 24 arranged on both sides of the model body 20; Figure 8 The top of the detection chamber 23 is connected to the pipe 22 and is provided with a temperature sensor A230. The bottom of the detection chamber 23 is connected to a driving mechanism A231. The end of the driving mechanism A231 is driven and connected to a piston A232 that moves along the inner wall of the detection chamber 23. Figure 7A piston B241 is slidably arranged inside the detection auxiliary chamber 24, and a driving mechanism B242 for driving the piston B241 to move is also arranged inside the detection auxiliary chamber 24; the volumes of the detection chamber 23 and the detection auxiliary chamber 24 are both larger than the volume of the pipeline 22; when in use, before the temperature sensor A230 takes a reading, the driving mechanism B242 is controlled to extend and the driving mechanism A231 is controlled to retract, so as to drive the gas in the detection auxiliary chamber 24 to be blown into the pipeline 22, and the gas in the pipeline 22 to be blown into the detection chamber 23; after the detection is completed, the driving mechanism A231 is controlled to extend , and control the drive mechanism B242 to retract, drive the inner body of the detection chamber 23 to be blown into the pipe 22, and blow the gas in the pipe 22 into the detection auxiliary chamber 24; using the above-mentioned setting, it is ensured that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor A230 is the temperature at the corresponding node; at the same time, in the present invention, the overall shape of the pipe 22 is similar to the end face of the model body 20, that is, the pipe 22 performs temperature detection at any position of the corresponding node, avoiding the problem of one-sided temperature detection that may exist in the traditional method of directly installing the temperature sensor at any position of the model body 20;

[0070] In this technical solution, during the process of temperature detection using the pipe 22, the pipe 22 is used to sense the temperature of the entire cross-section of the temperature measurement node. That is, the temperature of the entire cross-section of the temperature measurement node of the model body 20 is actually sensed through the pipe 22, and then the temperature is detected. This temperature measurement method avoids temperature differences caused by the installation position of the temperature sensor, etc.

[0071] At the same time in the above implementation mode, if Fig. 9 The drive mechanism B242 and the drive mechanism A231 are configured to have the same structure, both of which are inner sleeves and outer sleeves that are sealed and sleeved with each other. The drive mechanism B242 included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline A250, and the drive mechanism B242 included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline B251; the gas supply main pipeline A250 and the gas supply main pipeline B251 are respectively connected to the two ends of a gas supply device 25; in the present invention, the gas supply device 25 is used to supply gas to the gas supply main pipeline A250 or the gas supply main pipeline B251. Pipeline B251 supplies air, thereby controlling the extension of driving mechanism B242 and driving mechanism A231; at the same time, since the air supply main pipeline A250 and the air supply main pipeline B251 are respectively connected to the two ends of an air supply device 25, in actual operation, when air is supplied to the air supply main pipeline A250 through the air supply device 25, the gas in the air supply main pipeline B251 flows back to the inside of the air supply device 25 under the action of air pressure, that is, in actual operation, the extension length of driving mechanism B242 is equal to the retracted length of driving mechanism A231.

[0072] In the present invention, Fig.10The air supply device 25 includes two piston cylinders 253 respectively connected to the air supply main pipeline A250 and the air supply main pipeline B251, and a piston plate 254 is arranged inside the piston cylinder 253 and moves along the inside of the piston cylinder 253; a U-shaped frame 255 is arranged just above the two piston cylinders 253, and an electric telescopic mechanism 256 whose end is connected to the top of one piston plate 254 is arranged on the top side of the U-shaped frame 255, and the piston plate 254 is connected to a traction rope 257, one end of the traction rope 257 cooperates and passes through a pulley 258 arranged on the U-shaped frame 255, and is connected to a connecting block 259 connected to the other piston plate 254, that is, when in use, when the electric telescopic mechanism 256 is controlled to drive one of the piston plates 254 to move downward, at this time, the connecting block 259 is affected by the traction rope 257 and moves upward, and at this time, under the action of the connecting block 259, the traction rope 257 is kept in a straight state by the connecting block 259, that is, it moves upward under the action of pressure at this time;

[0073] On the contrary, when the electric telescopic mechanism 256 is controlled to drive one of the piston plates 254 to move upward, the connecting block 259 is affected by the traction rope 257 and moves downward. At this time, under the action of the gravity of the connecting block 259, the traction rope 257 is kept in a straight state by the connecting block 259, that is, at this time, the other piston plate 254 moves downward under the action of pressure.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device, characterized in that: It comprises a test box (1) and a tunnel model (2) which is installed in the test box (1); Wherein, a temperature and humidity control system is provided in the test box (1); The tunnel model (2) comprises a model body (20) and a simulated covering layer (21) covering the outer wall of the model body (20), wherein the thickness of the simulated covering layer (21) gradually increases from both ends of the model body (20) to the middle part; The simulated covering layer (21) at one end of the model body (20) forms a first climbing section (201) and a second climbing section (202) from the end to the middle, and the simulated covering layer (21) at the other end of the model body (20) forms a third climbing section (203) and a fourth climbing section (204) from the end to the middle; The slope length and slope gradient of the first climbing section (201) and the third climbing section (203) are the same; the slope length of the second climbing section (202) is shorter than the slope length of the fourth climbing section (204), and the slope gradient of the second climbing section (202) is greater than the slope gradient of the fourth climbing section (204).

2. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test box (1) comprises a bottom plate (10), a top cover (11) which is arranged above the bottom plate (10) in a sealing manner, an observation port (110) is arranged on the top of the top cover (11), and a double-layer thermal insulation glass is installed at the observation port (110); The bottom plate (10) and the top cover (11) are both made of a heat-insulating plate material, and the heat-insulating plate material comprises two outer aluminum plate layers (10a) located on the outside, two foam material heat-insulating layers (10b) located between the two outer aluminum plate layers (10a), and a heat-insulating cotton layer (10c) filled between the two foam material heat-insulating layers (10b).

3. A cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A temperature detection system is provided inside the model body (20); The temperature detection system comprises four temperature detection units respectively arranged at a first climbing section (201), a second climbing section (202), a third climbing section (203) and a fourth climbing section (204), wherein the temperature detection units comprise a plurality of temperature detection mechanisms arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the model body (20); The temperature detection mechanism comprises a pipe (22) pre-buried in the top side of the model body (20), the length direction of the pipe (22) is perpendicular to the length direction of the model body (20), and the two ends of the pipe (22) are respectively connected to the detection chamber (23) and the detection auxiliary chamber (24) arranged on both sides of the model body (20); The top of the detection chamber (23) is connected to the pipeline (22) and is provided with a temperature sensor A (230); the bottom of the detection chamber (23) is connected to a driving mechanism A (231); the end of the driving mechanism A (231) is drivingly connected to a piston A (232) that moves along the inner wall of the detection chamber (23); A piston B (241) is slidably disposed inside the auxiliary detection chamber (24), and a driving mechanism B (242) for driving the piston B (241) to move is also disposed in the auxiliary detection chamber (24). The volumes of the detection chamber (23) and the detection auxiliary chamber (24) are both larger than the volume of the pipeline (22).

4. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drive mechanism B (242) and the drive mechanism A (231) have the same structure, both of which are inner sleeves and outer sleeves that are sealed and sleeved with each other. The drive mechanism B (242) included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline A (250), and the drive mechanism B (242) included in the temperature detection system is connected to a gas supply main pipeline B (251); The gas supply main pipeline A (250) and the gas supply main pipeline B (251) are respectively connected to two ends of a gas supply device (25); The air supply device (25) comprises two piston cylinders (253) respectively connected to the air supply main pipeline A (250) and the air supply main pipeline B (251), and a piston plate (254) movable along the inside of the piston cylinder (253) is arranged in the piston cylinder (253); A U-shaped frame (255) is arranged directly above the two piston cylinders (253), and an electric telescopic mechanism (256) is arranged on the top side of the U-shaped frame (255), the end of which is connected to the top of a piston plate (254). A traction rope (257) is connected to the piston plate (254), and one end of the traction rope (257) passes through a pulley (258) arranged on the U-shaped frame (255) and is connected to a connecting block (259) connected to the other piston plate (254).

5. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Support bosses (101) for limiting positions are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate (10); a heat-insulating sealing block (12) is arranged at one end of the model body (20); a vent A (121) is arranged on the heat-insulating sealing block (12); and a vent B (111) communicating with the vent A (121) is arranged at one end of the top cover (11); The other end of the top cover (11) is threadedly provided with at least two adjusting bolts (13), and the ends of the adjusting bolts (13) are in contact with a heat-insulating sealing block (14) which is sealed with the model body (20) on one side.

6. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor B and a humidity sensor arranged on both sides of the test box (1); both ends of the top of the test box (1) are provided with air inlets (15); both ends of the bottom of the test box (1) are provided with air return ports (16); the air inlets (15) and the air return ports (16) are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel model (2); and an atomizing humidification nozzle is also arranged on the top of the test box (1); The temperature and humidity control system further comprises a refrigeration unit, which comprises a controller, a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube and an evaporator; An outlet air duct provided with an air duct valve A is connected between the output end of the evaporator and the air inlet (15); a return air duct provided with an air duct valve B is connected between the input end of the compressor and the return air outlet (16); The controller is connected to the compressor, the air duct valve A, the air duct valve B, the atomizing humidification nozzle, the temperature sensor B and the humidity sensor.

7. A cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test method based on the cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, constructing a tunnel model (2), and assembling the tunnel model (2) into a test box (1); Step 2, control the temperature and humidity control system to allow air to enter through the air inlet (15) at one end of the test box (1), and after the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, read the readings of each temperature sensor A (230) in the temperature detection system and record them; Step 3, maintaining the constant temperature for a period of time t, and recording the readings of each temperature sensor A (230) at intervals t0 during the period of time t, after the period of time t has been maintained, taking out the tunnel model (2) and observing and testing the tunnel model (2); Step 4, take the new tunnel model (2) and assemble it into the test box (1), control the temperature setting value from T1 to T0, and repeat steps 2 and 3; Step 5: by analyzing step 4 and step 3, the relationship between the antifreeze damage and temperature of the tunnel model (2) is obtained, and the function A is generated by computer with the observation and detection results of the tunnel model (2) as the ordinate and the temperature setting value as the abscissa.

8. A cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to allow air to enter through the air inlet (15) provided at the other end of the test box (1); or the temperature and humidity control system is controlled to allow air to enter synchronously through the air inlets (15) at both ends of the test box (1), and function B and function C are obtained synchronously respectively.

9. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 01, constructing a tunnel model (2), and assembling the tunnel model (2) into a test box (1); Step 02, control the temperature and humidity control system to allow air to enter through the air inlet (15) at one end of the test box (1), and after the temperature sensors B at both ends detect that the temperature has reached the set value T1, the humidity in the test box (1) is controlled to be W1 through the humidity sensor and the atomizing humidification nozzle, and at this time, the readings of each temperature sensor A (230) in the temperature detection system are read and recorded; Step 03, maintaining constant temperature and humidity for a period of time t, and recording the readings of each temperature sensor A (230) at intervals t0 during the period of time t. After the period of time t has been maintained, taking out the tunnel model (2) and observing and testing the tunnel model (2); Step 04, take the new tunnel model (2) and assemble it into the test box (1), control the humidity setting value from W1 to W0, and repeat steps 02 and 03; Step 05: By analyzing Step 04 and Step 03, the relationship between the antifreeze damage and humidity of the tunnel model (2) is obtained, and the function D is generated by computer using the observation and test results of the tunnel model (2) as the ordinate and the humidity as the abscissa.

10. The cold region tunnel frost damage simulation test device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before taking a reading, the temperature sensor A (230) controls the driving mechanism B (242) to extend and controls the driving mechanism A (231) to retract, thereby driving the gas in the detection auxiliary chamber (24) to be blown into the pipeline (22), and the gas in the pipeline (22) to be blown into the detection chamber (23); after the detection is completed, the driving mechanism A (231) is controlled to extend and the driving mechanism B (242) is controlled to retract, thereby driving the inner body of the detection chamber (23) to be blown into the pipeline (22), and the gas in the pipeline (22) to be blown into the detection auxiliary chamber (24).

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